MUHAMAD ASVIALCenter for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER)

Electrical Engineering Department, University of IndonesiaKampus UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia

asvial@ee.ui.ac.idhttp://www.ee.ui.ac.id/cicer

Satellite System Futures

Lecture 11

1

Timeline - development of commercial satcom (1/2)

1945 Arthur C Clarke

1956 First transatlantic telephone cable

1962 Telstar

1964 Intelsat founded

1965 Earlybird

1969 Intelsat completes global system

1976 Marisats launched

1977 Eutelsat created

1979 Inmarsat created

1982 Inmarsat starts operations

1983 Eutelsat F1 launched

2

Timeline – development of commercial satcom (2/2)

1984 PanAmSat founded

1985 SES Astra incorporated

1987 Iridium conceived

1988 First transatlantic fibre cable

1988 First PanAmSat launch

1989 First SES Astra launch

1995 PanAmSat completes global system

1998 Iridium service launch

1999 Iridium in Chapter 11

2001 Intelsat & Eutelsat privatisations

3

Where we are now (1)

Satcom applications:• Vsat + business TV

• Broadcast + content

delivery

• TV distribution &

contribution

• Internet trunking

• Internet access

• Basic telephony + private

circuits

• Mobile + transportable +

offshore

• Thin route + rural remote

• Disaster, emergency

• Government

4

Where we are now

Disadvantages of satellite:

• Low capacity (compared to fibre)

• End-to-end delay (with Geo technology)

• Large, up-front investment; long time to

pay back

• Implementation risks

• Exit costs

• Regulatory constraints/finite raw materials (orbital slots; spectrum; licensing/market access)

5

Where we are now

Advantages of satellite:

• Wide area coverage

• Global reach

• Low cost per site passed

• Fast set-up & reconfiguration

• Availability where terrestrial alternatives are poor, non-existent or not an option

• Ability to broadcast/multicast

6

Satellite is essential infrastructure

• Broadcasting to businesses and homes (DTH)

• Broadcasting to cable head-ends – Cable TV distribution dependent upon satellite

• ISP connectivity; caching; multicasting– Distribution of internet content

• Private Networks– VSAT networks key corporate private network

• SNG– Broadcast stations and news bureaus rely on satellit

e links.

7

Changing Scenes

• 1995 – Bright prospects for terrestrial mobile and satellites

• 2000 – Terrestrial mobile booming satellites collapse with Iridium/Globalstar failures

• 2002 – Satellite broadcasting and Internet

booming terrestrial 3G in Doldrums

“Our ability to predict the telecoms market and to provide affordable services is poor”

8

What’s new

• Internet drives FSS

• DVB – Direct TV success

• Satellite radio (DAB/DARS) prospects

• Mobile SPCN’s crash –end of constellations?

9

FSS - Focus on the Internet

• Satellite delivery of IP-based services increased 800% over past two years

• 11% of all ISPs use some satellite links to

connect to the Internet backbone

• By 2001 total ISP demand for satellite links will equal 216 transponders

• Internet specific satellite transponder lease revenue will jump from $601M in 2001 to $8.5B in 2006

• End-user and ISP satellite multicast equipment

to reach over $7B in 2005. DDT Consulting; Frost & Sullivan; Pioneer Consulting

10

Broadband

• Ka and constellations lost momentum

• Back to GEO’s and DVB-S

• IP to the customer DVB-RCS

• e-Europe / Broadband Britain – Satellite role

• 4500 (36MHz equivalent transponders) 7000 by 2007

11

Satellite Direct To Home (DTH)

• 67M subscribers globally - urban, suburban

and rural

• 25M satellite households in Western Europe alone– In Spain, Italy, UK and France more satellite households than c

able households.

• DTH taking market share from cable in US

• Cable increasingly expensive to lay (rights of way) - cable companies looking at satellite

options to reach customers

• DTH presages 2-way internet/broadband

demand– 52% of Astra users own PCs and 27% have online access.

12

80% of European digital TV delivered by satellite

"Another important area is digital television. The market for digital TV doubles or even triples a year in several EU countries. Europe has closed the gap with the USA with over 10 million subscribers. New services are rolled out, ranging from Internet access to digital TV-based e-commerce."

From a speech by Mr. Erkki Liikanen, "eEurope and e-Business" Europay International, Key Members' Conference Amsterdam, 1 July 2000

13

Satellite Broadcasting

• DBS in USA (>15m subscribers), 43% of digital services DirecTV and EchoStar

• SNG market growing

– 97mods to DVB-S allow 90cm-1.5m SCPC

– 8Mb/s with 8PSK/TCM/16QAM option

• DVB-RCS now becoming standard for IP delivery

14

Digital Radio (DAB-DARS)

• US– Xm Radio (GEO) – up --services operation

– SIRIUS Radio (HEO) --services operation

– Infrastructure in place – Deals with leading car/truck companies

– Radio’s in shops (US) and in cars/trucks

• Worldwide– Worldspace – 3 world coverage satellites

– Infrastructure/Radios – in place

• Europe– Global Radio / Worldspace

• S-DAB– Convergence broadcasting/mobile – Multimedia and multicas

ting

15

Sirius satellite radio system

TDM OFDM

TDMGround

Repeaters

SIRIUSSatellite

VSATSatellite

NationalBroadcast

Studio

RemoteUplink Site

MobileReceiver

TDM OFDM TDM

12.5 MHz

16

Satellite: competitive local access

• Satellite DTH has successfully competed with cable in urban, suburban and rural areas for decades

• Satellite is a competitive means of local access– Only wireless technologies bypass the

incumbent’s pipes and offer consumers a real “last mile” choice

• No other “last mile” technology - DSL, WLL, etc. - has a proven track such as satellite.

• Satellite will be a critical access means for bandwidth hungry, converged services.

17

Mobile Satellite Systems

• S-PCS (Iridium/Globalstar) failed –lead on competition with terrestrial will not succeed

• Inmarsat niche market area

successful but small 200k users, and expensive

• Constellations not popular

18

GEO-Mobiles

• ACES/THURAYA etc.

• 200 spots from 14m deployables

• On board dsp – channel to beam

routing

• GSM/GPRS services –GMR standards

• Can they provide services economically?

19

Convergence:Mobile / Broadcasting (positioning)

• Broadcast / Multicasting with

caching

• Push and store services

• Vehicle’s and handhelds

• S + T (UMTS) or DVB/DABS with UMTS

• Location based services tied with Galileo

20

DMB terminal

Bluetoothinterface

DMB Satellite

Vehicular DMB receiver

Contributionnetwork

Broadcast center

Gateway

Cacheserver

smart antenna

User Handset

Cache

LocalInteractivity

RemoteInteractivity

BroadcastingBroadcasting

MulticastingMulticasting

DMB Broadcast/Multicast mission

• Content Delivery

Network Model– Push mechanism

– Multicast mechanism

– Store mechanism

21

DMB Architecture Synoptic

TerrestrialRepeaters

GroundStation

URBAN AREASUB - URBAN

AREARURAL AREA

W-CDMA

2G/3G Cellularnetwork

Contribution network

IP WORLD

22

– Where are terrestrial networks weak points?

• Infrastructure cost

• Deployment of UMTS islands in a GPRS world

• Traffic costs

• Limited bandwidth per cell

• Environmental (tower, pylon, radiation)

• Designed for symmetric traffic

– Where will UMTS network never go?• Broadband broadcast/multicast services

Opportunity for Satellite

23

Future Opportunities

• Keys are

–BROADBAND

–INTERACTIVITY

–INTEGRATION

–MOBILITY

24

Future Opportunities

• Convergence of Satellite delivered

broadcast/multicast with terrestrial

delivery of other services

• Broadband internet access and

interactivity

• DVB-RCS –standardisation

• Mass markets rather than niche

• Cooperating service provision plus

completing terminal networks

25

Key Constraints

• Spectrum availability at right time

• Poor perspective of satellites by

terrestrial operations

– Will they embrace as part of global network

• Unavailability of finance

• Regulatory issues and standard bodies

26

Future satellites:Product Developments

• Reliable low cost launch capability

• Large GEO platforms (3-4 tons) – 15Kw– Long life, high power/strange/dissipation

– Autonomy: low cost, rapid production

• Small LEO platforms– Medium life, pointing agility/stability

– Autonomy: low cost, rapid production

• Large deployable reflectors– 12-14m (Tx/Rx) – 100 spots

• Active antennas– BFNs

– Phased arrays

• OBP– Beam forming – channelising

– Regeneration – switching

• Miniature, active/passive, microwave equipment (L/S, Ku, KA)

• ISLs (optical)

27

Conclusions

• Markets– Very large –up to 4140B by 2010– Asia/Pacific Rim –biggest– Digital Broadcast –Internet driven (DVB/DAB)– Convergence of mobile/broadcast systems – using local cache’s (push to start

) band in vehicle services– Broadband

• Satellites provide early starts– 3G UMTS?– Multimedia to home– Broadband

• Mobility– INMARSAT niche – Maritime/Aero– Mass markets opened up by broadcast/mobile convergence

• Civil/Military– Synergies

• Shift to service delivery/content– Emphasis away from equipment manufacture– Software service

• Competition– Cable / radio / HAPS

28

Satellite & the competition

• Technical limitations of terrestrial networks

will severely restrict broadband availability. – Digital subscriber line (DSL) signals decay on long telephone

lines or on those of poor quality.

– Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) signals cannot

penetrate obstructions, buildings.

– Cable performance deteriorates if too many in a neighborhood

log on at the same time.

– Fiber-to-the-home is a costly retrofit, economically viable only for new housing construction.

• For up to one third of the population in the U.S. and an

even greater portion worldwide, satellite technology will not simply be a choice, it will be the choice.