Global Journal of Environmental Research 10 (1): 01-13, 2016ISSN 1990-925X© IDOSI Publications, 2016DOI: 10.5829/idosi.gjer.2016.10.01.10313

Corresponding Author: Nasim Ahmad Ansari, Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box: # 18, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Pin- 248001,Uttarakhand, India. Tel: 135-2464 340 (O) +91 8449908531 (M).

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Satellite Wetlands and Its Avifaunal Diversity in anUrban Landscape Gautam Budh Nagar, National Capital Region, India

Nasim Ahmad Ansari and Jeet Ram1 2

Wildlife Institute of India, P.O. Box: # 18, 1

Chandrabani, Dehradun, Pin- 248001, Uttarakhand, IndiaDepartment of Forestry & Environmental Science, 2

Kumaun University, Nainital, Pin- 263129, Uttarakhand, India

Abstract: The present study deals with avifaunal exploration of sixteen satellite wetlands of Gautam Budh Nagardistrict of National Capital Region, India. Wetland information was collected from office records of the UttarPradesh Forest department. Bird species richness was estimated for each wetland by applying standardmethods and techniques. The total of 193 bird species belonging to 45 families was recorded during the studyperiod (March 2010– April 2013). Of the total, 96 bird species were recorded in terrestrial and 97 in aquatichabitats. Out of 193 bird species recorded, 13 are threatened species as per the IUCN Red List. Few wetlandsare prominent birding site in the area like Surajpur, Beel Akbarpur, Shahpur Khurd and Hasanpur wetlands.Surajpur wetland recorded maximum number of 186 bird species, followed by Beel Akbarpur of 156 bird species.The ecosystem and existing biodiversity of these wetlands are under various levels of anthropogenic pressuresthat directly affect the avifauna.

Key words: Satellite Wetland Avifauna Surajpur Threats

INTRODUCTION in turn, the avifauna responds by changes in species

Wetlands are very important and productive but quality of wetland habitat and degrades the quality offragile ecosystems in different climatic zones of the world. remnant wetland patches, which ultimately leads toThese habitats are often selected by aquatic birds as their decline of bird species.food and foraging centres. Wetlands also provide shelter India is one of the global hotspots for birds with overto frogs, snakes, fishes, insects and mammals along with 1340 bird species (13% of world species) recorded fromgood number of plant species [1]. In India, wetlands the country [8] of which 310 bird species are dependentoccupy an estimated 15.26 million hectares, which is on different fresh and salt water wetlands [9]. In addition,~4.6% of the geographical area of the country [2]. water birds have become indicators of wetland quality andWetlands in India, as elsewhere, are under tremendous parameters for assessing restoration success and regionalanthropogenic pressures, which greatly influence the biodiversity [10]. Numerous studies have been carried outstructure of bird communities [3, 4]. The conversion of on the avifauna in urban landscapes [11]. This includeswetland habitat to agricultural lands and urban areas is studies addressing species richness area relationshipsgradually destroying the ideal habitat of water birds [5]. about birds in urban reserves or parks [12] changes in birdUrbanization is a frequently cited cause of species communities across gradients of urbanization [13, 14] andendangerment in various parts of the world [6] but our studies on birds in riparian systems of urban areas andunderstanding of the ecology of urban systems and how ponds and lakes in cities [15-17]. In India, several studiesbest to manage them for the needs of both humans and have focused on changes in bird populations andwildlife is limited [7]. Wetlands in urban areas are usually distribution in natural habitats but very few haveexploited due to several anthropogenic activities, such attempted to investigate the impacts of urbanization onactivities often lead to alteration of the wetland to which, birds [18].

composition and density. Urbanization also reduces the

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Satellite wetlands in Greater Noida play an important MATERIALS AND METHODSrole as staging and wintering ground for water birds inNational Capital Region (NCR), India. Surajpur wetland Study Area: Sixteen satellite wetlands were selected forand Okhla Bird Sanctuary are already established as a well the study from March 2010 to April 2013 in and aroundknown birding site in NCR. The study on satellite Gautam Budh Nagar district, National Capital Region,wetlands in Greater Noida provides a larger landscape for India (Fig. 1). Gautam Budh Nagar district (28° 31' 43.2" Nwinter migratory birds as well as resident water birds. and 77° 29' 63.8" E) is located in the north-west IndianStudies on other aspects of these areas are available state of Uttar Pradesh and it comes under the purview of[19-22] but no detailed information is available on status Delhi- National Capital Region (NCR) India. Greater Noidaof wetlands, their bird usage and other biodiversity city under this district is one of the best planned city andassociated with these wetlands. Therefore it would be one of the largest industrial townships of Asia. It is welldifficult to develop a much-needed comprehensive connected to New Delhi via- expressway and DND flyoverlandscape level conservation plan for conserving bird and has good connectivity to other major parts ofdiversity. Within this purview, the aim of this study is to the country too and is about 40kmts south-east of Newassess the avifaunal diversity of satellite wetlands of Delhi, 20kmts south-east of Noida [23]. It falls in theGreater Noida with special reference to urban great Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain of northwest Indiadevelopment in the region. and in Yamuna sub-basin and forms a central part of

Fig. 1: Satellite wetlands in and around Gautam Budh Nagar district

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Ganga-Yamuna. The area is drained by river Yamuna species; Charadridae, Ciconidae, Estrildidae andand its tributaries namely- Hindon River and Bhuriya river Passeridae by 4 species; Alcedinidae, Corvidae,watershed. The region is flat and has a gradual slope from Falconidae, Laniidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Phasianidae,north to south. There is no hilly tract. This region is of Threskiornithidae and Strigidae by 3 species; Burhinidae,vital importance as agriculture is being practiced. The soil Jacanidae, Laridae, Meropidae, Picidae, Podicipediae,quality ranges from pure sand to stiff clays. The climate is Psittasidae and Recurvirostridae by 2 species and restsemi-dry agro climatic zone due to the marked diurnal families have one species each (Table 2).differences in temperature, moderately low rainfall and 4 The residence status of birds were recorded ashigh saturation deficit with an average mean temperature resident (R) of 54% (104 species), followed by winterof 32.85°C and annual mean wind speed of 6.7kmph. migrant (WM) of 29% (57 species), summer migrant (SM)The study area also harbours fair diversity of forest trees, of 15% (29 species) and passage migrant (PM) of 2%shrubs, herbs, grasses and sedges like Prosopis juliflora, (3 species) (Fig. 2). The conservation status of birdTerminalia arjuna, Syzygium cumini, Dalbergia sissoo, species recorded from satellite wetlands were assessed byPhoenix sylvestris, Capparis sepiaria, Abutilon indicum, IUCN Red-list criteria. Only one bird species, EgyptianAnisomelis indica, Sida sp., Cynodon dactylon, Vulture Neophron percnopterus recorded as endangeredDesmostachya bipinnata, Eleocharis sp. and Cyperus sp. (EN), three species, Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga,and major aquatic plant species like Alternanthera Sarus Crane Grus antigone and Bristled Grassbirdfeloxeroides, Typha aungustata, Eichhornea crassipes, Chaetornis striata as vulnerable (VU), nine species asIpomoea aquatica, Azolla pinnata, Marsilea quadrifolia, near threatened (NT), 171 species as least concern (LC)Paspalum distichum and Polypogon monspeliensis. and nine bird species were categorised under not

Methods: The survey methodology designed after During the study period, these bird species werereferring to the methods used by various authors [24-29]. divided into terrestrial and aquatic forms. Among the totalThe birdlife communities in and around the study area 193 bird species, 96 bird species recorded in terrestrialwere documented by direct observations [30] random walk forms and 97 bird species recorded in aquatic forms.and opportunistic surveys [31]. These surveys were These waterbirds further divided into 5 ecologicalconducted on seasonal basis by systematically walking groups based on similarities in their methods of procuringon fixed routes during 06:00h – 10:00h and 16:00h – 19:00h food. The ecological groups includes small waders 33%with the help of 8x40 and 10x50 binoculars in the study (32 species), large waders 20% (19 species), aerial foragersarea. To ease up the identification of birds care was taken 23% (22 species), diving birds 11% (11 species) andthat the sun was always at the back [32]. Identification of dabbling birds 13% (13 species) (Fig. 3).birds was done using Ali and Ripley [33], Grimmett et al. Species richness in wetland ordering for all categories[34 and Grimmett et al. [35] and nomenclature followed by of birds was: Surajpur (186), Beel Akbarpur (156), ShahpurRasmussen and Anderton [36]. The residence status of Khurd (85), Hasanpur (76), Girdharpur (57), Pyawali (53),birds have been categorized as Resident (R), Summer Thasrana (45), Chholas (30), Khandera (26), Khatana (25),Migratory (SM), Winter Migratory (WM) and Passage Chhayansa (22), Kalonda (21), Saithali (20), Kaimrala (20),Migratory (PM) as per Grimmett et al. [34]. The Jarcha (13) and Kali Mandir (11) (Table 3). Few wetlandsconservation status of birds assigned according to IUCN are prominent birding site in the area like Surajpur, BeelRed List Criteria of Threatened Species, Version 2015.2. Akbarpur, Shahpur Khurd and Hasanpur wetlands.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION species, followed by Beel Akbarpur of 156 bird species

In the present study, a total of 193 bird species the study is given below:belonging to 45 families were recorded from the 16 satellitewetlands in the National Capital Region in and around Surajpur Lake: Surajpur wetland is an excellentGautam Budh Nagar district (Table 1). Family Musicapidae example of an urban wetland restoration in Yamuna Riverdominated the list by 30 bird species, followed by basin and is situated in Dadri Tehsil of District GautamAnatidae 18 species; Accipitridae and Scolopacidae Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh. It provides an opportunityby 13 species; Ardeidae by 11 species; Motacilladae by to protect biodiversity and set an example of how7 species; Cuculidae and Rallidae by 6 species; wildlife can be protected and preserved close to urbanAlaudidae, Columbidae, Hirundinide and Sturnidae by 5 areas, without hindering the development of the same.

evaluated (NE) category.

Surajpur wetland recorded maximum number of 186 bird

(Fig. 4). Detailed description of prominent wetlands under

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Table 1: Geographic coordinates and number of bird species recorded in the Satellite wetlands of Gautam Budh Nagar district

S.No. Wetland site Wetland Codes Co-ordinates Area (ha) Type Status of land No. of bird sp. recorded

1 Bheel Akbarpur BAP 28° 30' 86.2" N & 77° 35'14.7" E 40 Perennial Private land 1562 Chhayansa CHA 28° 31' 32.6" N & 77° 40' 50.0" E 4.5 Perennial Gram Samaj 223 Chholas CHO 28° 31' 65.2" N & 77° 38' 98.2" E 2 Seasonal Gram Samaj 304 Girdharpur GIR 28° 24' 46.0" N & 77° 37' 29.0" E 4 Perennial Gram Samaj 575 Hasanpur HAS 28° 38' 36.44" N & 77° 33' 35.6" E 80 Perennial Gram Samaj 766 Jarcha JAR 28° 34' 06.0" N & 77° 39' 04.4" E 3 Seasonal Gram Samaj 137 Kali Mandir KAM 28° 33' 46.5" N & 77° 33' 41.6" E 1.5 Seasonal Gram Samaj 118 Kalonda KAL 28° 32' 64.8" N & 77° 40' 72.7" E 1.5 Perennial Gram Samaj 219 Kaimrala KEM 28° 29' 63.6" N & 77° 35' 68.6" E 1.75 Seasonal Gram Samaj 2010 Khandera KHD 28° 32' 06.5" N & 77° 37' 63.9" E 2 Perennial Gram Samaj 2611 Khatana KHT 28° 33' 38.1" N & 77° 36' 55.1" E 2 Seasonal Gram Samaj 2512 Pyawali PYA 28° 36' 40.1" N & 77° 35' 12.4" E 7 Perennial Gram Samaj 5313 Saithali SAI 28° 30' 59.3" N & 77° 38' 97.7" E 1.5 Perennial Gram Samaj 2014 Shahpur Khurd SHP 28° 33'18.2" N & 77° 34' 87.6" E 8 Seasonal Private land 8515 Surajpur Lake SUP 28° 31' 43.2" N & 77° 29' 63.8" E 308 Perennial Reserve Forest Area 18616 Thasrana Lake THE 28° 20' 20.0" N & 77° 37' 09.0" E 10 Perennial Gram Samaj 45

Table 2: Family-wise species composition

Family No. of family/families No. of Species in each family % Representative of each family

Musicapide 1 30 15.54Anatidae 1 18 9.33Accipitridae, Scolopacidae 2 13 6.74Ardeidae 1 11 5.70Motacillidae 1 7 3.63Cuculidae, Rallidae 2 6 3.11Alaudidae, Columbidae, Hirundinide, Sturnidae 4 5 2.59Charadridae, Ciconidae, Estrildidae, Passeridae 4 4 2.07Alcedinidae, Corvidae, Falconidae, Laniidae, Phalacrocoracidae, 8 3 1.55Phasianidae, Strigidae, ThreskiornithidaeBurhinidae, Jacanidae, Laridae, Meropidae, Picidae, Podicipediae 8 2 1.04Psittasidae, RecurvirostridaeAnhingidae, Bucerotidae, Campephagidae, Capitonidae, Coracidae, 13 1 0.52Dicruridae, GruidaeNectariniidae, Oriolidae, PicnonotidaeRostratulidae, Tytonidae, Upupidae

Total 45 families 193 species 100

Fig. 2: Migratory status of bird species of satellite wetlands in and around Gautam Budh Nagar district

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Table 3: Occurrence of bird species in various satellite wetlands

ResidenceS.No. Common and Scientific name status IUCN status BAP CHA CHO GIR HAS JAR KAM KAL KEM KHD KHT PYA SAI SHP SUP THE

Podicipediae1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis R LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + +2 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Phalacrocoracidae3 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + -4 Indian Shag Phalacrocorax fuscicollis R LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + -5 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger R NE + + + + + - - + - + + + + + + -

Anhingidae6 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster WM NT + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + -

Ardeidae7 Black Bittern Dupetor flavicollis SM NE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -8 Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -9 Chestnut Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -10 Great Egret Egretta alba R NE + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + +11 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea R LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + -12 Indian Pond-heron Ardeola grayii R LC + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + +13 Intermediate Egret Egretta intermedia R NE + - + + + - - + - - + + + + + +14 Little Egret Egretta garzetta R LC + + - + + - - + - + - + - + + +15 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea R LC + - + + + - - - - - - + - + + +16 Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R LC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +17 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Ciconidae18 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans R LC + + + + + - - - + - + - - + + +19 Black-necked Stork Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus R NT + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -20 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala R NT + + - - + - - - - + - - - + + +21 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus R LC + + + - + - - + + - + + - + + +

Threskiornithidae22 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus R NT + - + + + - - + - + - + - + + +23 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia WM LC + - - + - - - - - - - - - + + -24 Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa R LC + - + - + - - + - + - + + + + -

Anatidae25 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -26 Common Pochard Aythya ferina WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -27 Common Teal Anas crecca WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + +28 Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -29 Eurasian Wigeon Mereca penelope WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -30 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca WM NT + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -31 Gadwall Mereca strepera WM LC + - - + + - - - + + + - - + + -32 Gargany Querquedula querquedula WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -33 Greylag Goose Anser anser WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -34 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha R LC + - - + + - - + + + + - - + + +35 Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -36 Lesser Whistling-duck Dendrocygna javanica SM LC + - + + + - - - - + + - - + + +37 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -38 Northern Pintail Anas acuta WM LC + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + +39 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata WM LC + - - + + - - - - + + - - + + +40 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina WM LC - - - - - - - - - - - + - - + -41 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -42 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Accipitridae43 Black Kite Milvus migrans R LC + + + + + - - + + - - + - + + +44 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + +45 Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciatus PM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -46 Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -47 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus R EN + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +48 Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga WM VU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -49 Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus R NE + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -50 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus WM NT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -51 Shikra Accipiter badius R LC + - - + - - - - - + - + - + + -52 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis WM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -53 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -54 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - + + -55 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

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Table 3: Continued

Falconidae56 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -57 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -58 Lagger Falcon Falco jugger R NT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Phasianidae59 Black Francolin Francolinus francolinus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -60 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -61 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -

Gruidae62 Sarus Crane Grus antigone R VU + - + - + - + - + - + - + + + +

Rallidae - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -63 Brown Crake Amaurornis akool R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -64 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus R LC + - - + + - - - - + + + - + + +65 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + +66 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio R LC + - - + + - - - + + + + - + + +67 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -68 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus R LC + + + + + + - + + + + + + + + +

Rostratulidae69 Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Recurvirostridae70 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R LC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +71 Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Laridae72 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -73 Brown-headed Gull Chroicocephalus WM NE + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

brunnicephalus

Jacanidae74 Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus R LC + - - + - - - - - - - + - + + -75 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - + + -

Burhinidae76 Great Stone-curlew Esacus recurvirostris + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -77 Indian Stone-curlew Burhinus indicus SM NE + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Charadridae78 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - - + -79 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus WM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -80 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R LC + + + + + + + + + + + + - + + +81 White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus WM LC + - + + + - - - - - - + - + + +

Scolopacidae82 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + -83 Common Redshank Tringa totanus WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - + - + + -84 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + -85 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -86 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus WM LC + - + + + - - - - - - - + - + +87 Little Stint Ereunetes minutus WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - + + + + -88 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis WM LC + - + + + - - - - - - + + + + +89 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -90 Ruff and Reeve Philomachus pugnax WM LC + - - + + + - + + + + + - + + -91 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + -92 Temminck's Stint Ereunetes temminckii WM LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - - + -93 Western Black-tailed Limosa limosa WM NT + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + -

Godwit94 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola WM LC + - + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Columbidae95 Eurasian Collared-dove Streptopelia decaocto R LC + + - + + - - - - - - - - + + -96 Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis R NE + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + -97 Red Collared-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica R LC + - - + - - - - - - - - - - + -98 Rock Pigeon Columba livia R LC + + - + + - - - - - - + - + + -99 Yellow-footed Treron phoenicopterus SM LC + - - + - - - - - - - - - - + -

Green-pigeon

Psittasidae100 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -101 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri R LC + + - + + + + + + + + + - + + -

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Table 3: Continued

Cuculidae

102 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

103 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus PM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

104 Common Hawk-cuckoo Hierococcyx varius SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

105 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R LC + - - + + - - - - - - - + + + -

106 Grey-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

107 Jacobin Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Tytonidae

108 Common Barn-owl Tyto alba R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Strigidae

109 Dusky Eagle Owl Bubo coromandus SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

110 Indian Scops-owl Otus bakkamoena R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

111 Spotted Owlet Athene brama R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +

Coracidae

112 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R LC + - + + - - - - - - - - - - + -

Upupidae

113 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops R LC + - + - + - - - - - - - - + + +

Alcedinidae

114 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

115 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis R LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + +

116 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis R LC + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

Meropidae

117 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

118 Little Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis SM LC + - + + + + + + + + + - - + + +

Bucerotidae

119 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Capitonidae

120 Brown-headed Barbet Megalaima zeylanica R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Picidae

121 Black-rumped Flamback Dinopium benghalense R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

122 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Alaudidae

123 Ashy-crowned Finch-lark Eremopterix griseus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

124 Bengal Bushlark Mirafra assamica R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

125 Crested Lark Galerida cristata SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

126 Indian Bushlark Mirafra erythroptera SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - + + -

127 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Hirundinide

128 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

129 Grey-throated Sand-martin Riparia chinensis WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + -

130 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - + + -

131 Streak-throated Swallow Petrochelidon fluvicola WM LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - - + -

132 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii R LC + - - + + - - - - - - - - + + -

Motacillidae

133 Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola R LC + + + - + - - - - - - + + + + +

134 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea WM LC + - - - + - - - - - - + - + + -

135 Paddy-field Pipit Anthus rufulus R LC + - + - + + + + + + + + - + + -

136 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

137 White Wagtail Motacilla alba WM LC + + - + + - - - - - - + + + + +

138 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla madaraspatensis R LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + -

139 Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava WM LC + - + - + - - - - - - - - - + -

Campephagidae

140 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Picnonotidae

141 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R LC + - + - + - - - - - - - - + + +

Laniidae

142 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

143 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - - + +

144 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - - + -

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Table 3: Continued

Musicapide145 Hume's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus humei RM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -146 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - + + + +147 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -148 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -149 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica WM LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + -150 Blyth’s Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum PM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -151 Booted Warbler Iduna caligata WM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -152 Bristled Grassbird Chaetornis striata SM VU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -153 Brown Rock-chat Oenanthe fusca R LC + - + - + - - - - - - - - - + -154 Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus R NE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -155 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -156 Graceful Prinia Prinia gracilis R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -157 Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -158 Grey-headed Cucilicapa ceylonensis WM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Canary-flycatcher159 Indian Black Robin Copsychus fulicatus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -160 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + -161 Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -162 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi R LC + - - - + - - - - - - + - + + -163 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -164 Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -165 Oriental Magpie-robin Copsychus saularis R LC + - - - - - - - - - - + - - + -166 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata R LC + - + - + - - - - - - + - - + -167 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -168 Red-throated Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -169 Rufous-fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -170 Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -171 Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus WM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - + + + -172 Striated Babbler Turdoides earlei R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -173 Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -174 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis R LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + -

Nectariniidae175 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiatius R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Estrildidae176 Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -177 Red Avadavat Amandava amandava R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -178 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -179 Tricoloured Munia Lonchura malacca R LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Passeridae180 Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -181 House Sparrow Passer domesticus R LC + + - - - - - - - - - + - - + -182 Indian Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -183 Streaked Weaver Ploceus manyar SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Oriolidae184 Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus kundoo SM LC - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Dicruridae185 Black Drongo Edolius macrocercus R LC + + - + + - - - - - - + + + + +

Sturnidae186 Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra R LC + + - + + + + + + + + + - + + +187 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R LC + - - - + - - - - - - + - + + +188 Brahminy Starling Sturnus pagodarum SM LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - - + -189 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R LC + + + + + - - - - - - + - + + +190 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris WM LC + - - - + - - - - - - - - + + -

Corvidae191 House Crow Corvus splendens R LC + + - + + + + + + + + + + + + +192 Indian Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos SM LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -193 Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda R LC + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + -

Footnote:R= Resident; SM= Summer Migrant; WM= Winter MigrantEN=Endangered; VU=Vulnerable; NT= Near Threatened; LC= Least Concern; NE= Not Evaluated BAP= Beel Akbarpur; CHA= Chhayansa; CHO= Chholas; GIR= Girdharpur; HAS= Hasanpur; JAR= Jarcha; KAM= Kali Mandir; KAL= Kalonda; KEM= Kaimrala; KHD= Khandera; KHT=Khatana; PYA= Pyawali; SAI= Saithali; SHP= Shahpur Khurd; SUP= Surajpur Lake and THE= Thasrana Lake

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Fig. 3: Species richness in various ecological groups of water birds

Fig. 4: Vertical bars showing species richness in different wetlands

The area not only provides an opportunity to experience Sushant Megapolis project of Ansal API- a real statethe uniqueness of the area and the species it attracts, but building company. The remaining land is agriculture landalso make them more environmentally conscious. Surajpur and it is only during summers (Dry period) that fields arewetland can be described as a mosaic of habitats and ploughed since during winter and monsoon the landserves as a safe haven for several threatened flora and remains inundated. The lake area is marshy and attains afauna found in the region. During to the course of study, depth of less than one meter. A total of 156 bird speciesa total of 186 bird species were recorded. The dominant were recorded during the study period. The dominant birdbird species recorded to this site were Little Cormorant species recorded at this site were Sarus Crane GrusPhalacrocorax niger, Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Sarus antigone, Black-necked Stork EphippiorhynchusCrane Grus antigone, Black-necked Stork asiaticus, Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, CommonEphippiorhynchus asiaticus, Asian Openbill Stork Teal Anas crecca and Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis etc.Anastomus oscitans, Indian Spot-billed Duck Anaspoecilorhyncha, Common Teal Anas crecca and Bristled Shahpur Khurd Lake: Shahpur Khurd Lake is locatedGrassbird Chaetornis striata etc. along Jarcha road which is 2.5km from G.T. Road in Dadri

Beel Akbarpur Lake: Beel Akbarpur Lake is about 0.5km and spreads over an area of 08ha. Due to the rain-fed area,from G.T Road in Dadri Tehsil. The water spreads for the lake remains inundated during monsoon and winterapprox. 40.46ha wherein one hectare land is under private seasons. When the Lake becomes dry in summer, theland of Beel Akbarpur Village Panchayat. About 30% area farmers grow vegetables and in monsoon they growof the lake, have been acquired by a hi-tech township Water Caltrop Trapa natans. The lake area is marshy and

Tehsil. The area is under private land Village Panchayat

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attains a depth of 1 meter approx. This lake attracts large country. Manral and Khudsar [41] investigated the Okhlanumber of migratory birds during winter season and Bird Sanctuary in urban context in the Gautam Budhgrassland birds round the year. A total of 32 bird species Nagar district; Urfi [42] highlighted some Important Birdrecorded in the present study; however sightings may be Areas (IBAs) in Yamuna River, Delhi in urban context.increase, if we would work for a longer period focussing Jha and Mckinley [43] studied the composition andto this wetland site only. Two breeding pairs of Sarus dynamics of migratory and resident avian population inCrane Grus antigone were recorded to this site. Other wintering wetlands from Northern India. Avifaunal surveythan this, few dominant bird species recorded at this site in wetlands around Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpurwere Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, Black- Rajasthan was done by Bhadauria et al. [44] ruralheaded Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Bar-headed wetlands of Haryana was investigated by Kaushik andGoose Anser indicus, Ruddy Schelduck Tadorna Gupta [45] and Gupta and Kaushik [46] ecological studiesferruginea and Northern Pintail Anus acuta etc. in wetlands of Srikakulam district andhra Pradesh was

Hasanpur Lake: Hasanpur Lake is an example of urban [48] worked for avifauna in five wetlands of Diara andwetland and could be serves as a best ecotourism park for Barind region in Maldah District of West Bengal, India. Delhi NCR peoples. The area of the wetland comprises theland of two village’s viz. Hasanpur Lodha and Sadikpur Conservation Concerns and Measures: Satellite wetlandsChidoli. The total area of lake is about 80ha. The lake is of play a vital role in recharging the ground water aquifers6km from National Highway-24, 15km from Ghaziabad city, for Gautam Budh Nagar district and protecting them from26km from Noida and 40km from Delhi. The lake is water scarcity and maintaining the level of ground water.perennial and the water retains round the year, which In recent times, however, these wetlands and itsmaintains the depth of more than 2 meters approx. Fishing watershed have been exposed to enormous pressures dueis the major pressure to this lake by adjacent villages. to increasing population, industrialization andDuring the study period a total of 54 bird species were urbanization [31]. The serious threats include reclamation,recorded. Due to fishing pressure, very few birds were agriculture, siltation, weed invasion, poaching, etc.recorded in such a big lake. However the dominant bird Weed species such as Eichorrnia crassipes,species recorded to this site were Indian Spot-billed Duck Alternanthera philoxeroides and Ipomoea carneaAnas poecilorhyncha, Purple Heron Ardea purpurea, have been invading these wetlands. Thus, infestation byCattle Egret Bubulcus ibis, Little Cormorant weeds is a serious issue that could directly affect thePhalacrocorax niger and Black Kite Milvas migrans etc. biodiversity of these lakes and water quality. Apart from

Different wetlands have different edaphic-climatic aquatic weeds, Prosopis juliflora is also present alongfactors supporting different vegetation composition. the roadside. Removal of this species is of utmostOn the basis of species composition, wetland similarity importance as it invades other wetlands at much higherwithin and dissimilarity among wetlands confirmed the rates [49].importance of locality factors on bird assemblage. Cueto Fishing in the few wetlands like Hasanpur Lake hasand De Casenave [37] have also suggested that among become a routine practice, which if unchecked could soonthe numerous ecological factors that determine the spatial result in cultural (Rapid) eutrophication, siltation andvariation of bird species, richness, climate and habitat ultimate death of the lake. The diversity of fish species inseem to be important. Another review [38] suggests that the lake attracts people for fishing. While the Governmentthe density and diversity of water birds are influenced by of Uttar Pradesh has banned fishing, uncontrolled fishingrainfall, temperature, humidity and cloudiness. While was often seen in the lake during the surveys. Unbridledrainfall has greater influence on the bird population, water fishing activity using fishing nets has led to the killing ofdepth is reported to influence the population of migratory water snakes and several aquatic birds (Pelicans, coots,water birds [39, 40]. Due to these factors, the ordering of darters). Fishing also causes direct disturbance to birdswetlands for species richness was Surajpur > Beel due to reduced availability of fish species, some of whichAkbarpur > Shahpur Khurd > Hasanpur > Girdharpur > the birds consume as food. Aquatic plants such asPyawali > Thasrana > Chholas > Khandera > Khatana > Hydrilla verticillata, Najas minor, etc. are food for manyChhayansa > Kalonda > Saithali > Kaimrala > Jarcha > Kali bird species. During fishing, these aquatic macrophytesMandir. entangle in the fishing net and thus are removed causing

Similar studies related to satellite wetlands in urban disturbance and imbalance in the biodiversitycontext were also reported from various parts of the composition of the lake.

explored by Sebastian et al. [47]. Chowdhury and Nandi

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As Surajpur wetland already established as a 5. Islam, M.Z. and A.R. Rahamani, 2002. The threatenedprominent site for wintering birds, this study of satellite birds of India. Buceros, 7(1&2): 1-102.wetlands helps the water birds in providing a larger place 6. Czech, B. and P.R. Krausman, 1997. Distribution andto congregate. The study also serves as a better place for causation of species endangerment in the Unitedeco-tourism, since it is located on the outskirts of Delhi. States. Science, 277: 1116-1117.This information highlights the significant importance of 7. Mcdonnell, M.J. and S. Pickett, 1990. Ecosystemthe avian biodiversity of Satellite wetlands of the district structure and function along urban–rural gradients:hitherto unreported. These wetland sites represent the an unexploited opportunity for ecology. Ecology,mosaic of habitats which help in supporting high diversity 71: 1232-1237.of plant life and avifauna. The study demonstrates the 8. Manakadan, R. and A. Pittie, 2001. Standardizedpotential for biodiversity conservation by building a English and Scientific names of the birds of thestriking harmonious synergy between cause of Indian Subcontinent. Buceros, 6(1): 1-37.conservation and the aspirations of urban/development 9. Kumar, A., J.P. Sati, P.C. Tak and R.B. Alfred, 2005.expansion. Various agencies like National Capital Region Handbook of Indian Wetland Birds and Their(NCR) Planning Board, Uttar Pradesh Forest Department, Conservation. Zoological Survey of India, pp: 472.Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority, Tourism 10. Kumar, P. and S.K. Gupta, 2009. Diversity andDepartment, Irrigation Department and other private Abundance of Wetland Birds around Kurukshetra,builders like Ansal API, Megapolis, JP Greens and India. Our Nature, 7: 187-192.Paramount etc. can use the results of this study for the 11. Marzluff, J.M., R. Bowman and R. Donnelly, 2001.development and management of the city. Since the Avian Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanizingregion is being developed into fast paced townships the World. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, USA.close proximity to wetlands can enhance the cost benefit 12. Park, C.R. and W.S. Lee, 2000. Relationship betweenof developers/builders in the area. Detailed ecological species composition and area in breeding birds ofstudies would further help in establishing the urban woods in Seoul, Korea. Landscape Urbanconservation importance of the area. Planning, 51: 29-36.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT along an urban gradient. Ecological Applications,

We express our gratitude to the Uttar Pradesh 14. Clergeau, P., J.P. Savard, G.L. Mennechez andForest Department for providing necessary support G. Falardeau, 1998. Bird abundance and diversityin field data collection. We are grateful to World Wide along an urban-rural gradient: a comparative studyFund for Nature- (WWF) India for providing between two cities on different continents. Condor,support and encouragement to take up this study. 100: 413-425.We thank the anonymous referee(s) for reviewing the 15. Lindsay, A.R., S.S. Gillum and M.W. Meyer, 2002.manuscript. Influence of lakeshore development on breeding bird

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