scada and power system automation

SCADA AND POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

-Presented byShubham Kapoor3rd Year (6th SEMESTER)Electrical and Electronics Engineering Roll No. 1274521010

OutlineSCADAS What is SCADA??S History of ScadaS Common Components of ScadaS System Components of ScadaS Future trends in Scada

-continue

Power system automationS Electrical power systemS What is power system automationS Automation tasksS IEDsS Automation processS Advantages S DisadvantagesS ApplicationsS Conclusion

Scada

SupervisoryControl AndDataAcquisition

What is Scada??According to WikipediaScada is ” SCADA is a system operating with coded signals over communication channels so as to provide control of remote equipment (using typically one communication channel per remote station).”

EXAMPLE OF SCADA

History of SCADA

1940 1950 1960 1965 1970

Electric utility

systems

Telemetry and control

Development

General Electric and Control Corporation

Solid state devices were

developed

Advanced Telemetry

Main Functions of SCADA

Data Acquisition

Networked Data

Communication

Data Presentation Control

Common system components

• Remote Terminal Unit(RTU)• Programmable logic Controller(PLC)• Telemetry system• Human machine interface• Data Acquisition Server• A supervisory (computer) system, gathering

(acquiring) data on the process and sending commands (control) to the SCADA system.

• Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the remote terminal units.

• Various process and analytical instrumentation.

Remote Terminal Unit

• Remote • Terminal• Unit

RTUA remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device that interfaces objects in the physical world to a distributed control system or SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system by transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by using messages from the master supervisory system to control connected objects. Another term that may be used for RTU is remote telecontrol unit.

Two basic types of RTU:

1.Single board RTU

2.Modular RTU

Single board RTU Which is compact, and contains all

I/O on a single board. The single board RTU normally has fixed I/O (eg.16 digital inputs, 8 digital outputs, 8 analogue inputs, and say 4 analogue outputs).

Modular RTU

which has a separate CPU module, and can have other modules added, normally by plugging into a common "backplane" (a bit like a PC motherboard and plug in peripheral cards) is designed to be expanded by adding additional modules.

Architecture • Power supply• Digital or Status inputs• Analog inputs• Digital (control) outputs• Analog outputs• Software and logic control• Communications

IED communications Master communications

Programmable logic Controller

(PLC)A programmable logic controller, PLC or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of typically industrial electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or light fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines.

Human Machine Interface

• Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are deployed for control and visualization interface between a human and a process, machine, application and appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an integral part of Factory Automation.

Data Acquisition Server

• Network

Communication and software

Communication and software

S The SCADA consist of Hardware and Software components.

S The hardware collects and feed data into a computer with SCADA software installed.

S The data is then processed by the computer before presenting it in a timely manner.

DatabaseA structured set of data is held in a computer for the future reference

SCADA SYSTEMRTU(remote terminal unit)

PLC

Data Acquisition

Server

User interface (HMI)

CommunicationsEquipment and software

System Concept of SCADA

FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

FUTURE


First generation: "Monolithic“

Second generation: "Distributed“

Third generation: "Networked"

First generation: "Monolithic"

• In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe computers.

• Networks did not exist at the time SCADA was developed.

• Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no connectivity to other systems. Wide Area Networks were later designed by RTU vendors to communicate with the RTU.

• The first-generation SCADA system was redundant since a back-up mainframe system was connected at the bus level and was used in the event of failure of the primary mainframe system.


Second generation: "Distributed"

The processing was distributed across multiple stations which were connected through a LAN and they shared information in real time.

Each station was responsible for a particular task thus making the size and cost of each station less than the one used in First Generation.


Third generation: "Networked"

Due to the usage of standard protocols and the fact that many networked SCADA systems are accessible from the Internet, the systems are potentially vulnerable to remote attack.


POWER SYSTEM AUTOMATION

Electrical Power System

What is power system

automation??Power-system automation is the act of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control devices. Substation automation refers to using data from Intelligent electronic devices (IED), control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote users to control power-system devices.

Automation Tasks..

• Data acquisition• Power System Supervision• Power System Control• Power System Automation• I&C System IEDs

Intelligent Electronic Device

Any device incorporating one or more processors with the capability to receive or send data/control from or to an external source (e.g., electronic multifunction meters, digital relays, controllers)

Instrument Transformers

Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage values. They are physically connected to power system apparatus and convert the actual power system signals, which include high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels

TransducerTransducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude to another or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage.

Remote Terminal Unit, RTU

Communications Port Switch

A communications switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so. The remote user initiates communications with the port switch via a connection to the substation, typically a leased line or dial-up telephone connection. Once connected, the user can route their communications through the port switch to one of the connected substation IEDs. The port switch merely “passes through” the IED communications.

MeterA meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurements of power system current, voltage, and power values. Metering values such as demand and peak are saved within the meter to create historical information about the activity of the power system

Digital Fault Recorder

A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED that records information about power system disturbances.It is capable of storing data in a digital format when triggered by conditions detected on the power system. Harmonics, frequency, and voltage are examples of data captured by DFRs.

Load Tap Changer (LTC)

Load tap changers are devices used to change the tap position on transformers. These devices work automatically or can be controlled via another local IED or from a remote operator or process.

Re closer Controller

Re closer controllers remotely control the operation of automated re closers and switches. These devices monitor and store power system conditions and determine when to perform control actions. They also accept commands from a remote operator or process.

Time Synchronization Source

A time synchronization source is an IED that creates a time-of-day value which is then broadcastto the IEDs in order to set all their clocks to the same time.Protocol

GatewayIEDs communicate over serial connections by speaking a particular language or protocol. A protocol gateway converts communications from one protocol to another. This task is often performed by software on a personal computer.

HMI PLC&

Protective Relay

A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and equipment.

SEL-351 Relay

Communications Processor

A communications processor is a substation controller that incorporates the functions of many other I&C devices into one IED. SEL-2030 Communications Processor

Automation Process

Advantages Flexible simple reliableEfficient

with less manpowe

r

Portable and cost

efficientSelf-

checking and

readability

DisadvantagesTroubled alarms

Lack of trained personals

Initial capital investments

Applications

Smart gridA smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital information and communications technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Electronic power conditioning and control of the production and distribution of electricity are important aspects of the smart grid.

Smart meterA smart meter is usually an electronic device that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing.

Automatic generation control

• In an electric power system, automatic generation control (AGC) is a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at different power plants, in response to changes in the load.

Conclusion

The government of India has decided to integrate all the state power utilities. Unified load dispatch Centre has to be build. So automation has lot more advantages as it increases efficiency and increase standardization. India is moving ahead toward automation are you??

ANY QUERIES ???