scada systems in tneb 221213 (1)
DESCRIPTION
scada systemTRANSCRIPT
SESSION TOPICS• Introduction to SCADA• SCADA in TNEB• ULDC SCADA• DCC Visit• R-APDRP• DCC SCADA
WHAT IS SCADASCADA is the acronym stands for
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION
A system which facilitates acquiring real time informationfrom a remote station there by aiding the operator to monitorand control the remote system.
Control and data acquisition can be from a single point or frommultiple points
EVOLUTION OF SCADAFirst generation SCADAsystems usedMainframe computers.Limited to a standalone version.between 1950-70’s
DistributedSCADA:(1970’s to Late1980’s).Used in LANEnvironment.Information betweenvarious units in thesame environmentshared on real time.Most of the systemswere usingproprietary protocols
NetworkedSCADA.It is thepresent dayTechnology usedby most of theUtilities Uses IPsupportedprotocols overWAN Fast andreliable
The Nextgeneration will beof usingwebservers andother modernweb tools. Will beusing more ITfriendly tools
WHERE DO WE USE SCADAPOWER sector
Buildingmanagementsystems (BMS)Aviation Oil & GasUtilities
PoliceDepartmentManufacturingunits with ICS
TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTIONGENERATION
PLC/DCS/ICS SCADA EMS SCADA DMS
50MW
500 MW
11/230KV 230 KV 230/110/33 KV 33/11KV 11/440 V
POWER SYSTEM NETWORK DIAGRAM
SCADA IN POWER SYSTEMSDISTRIBUTIONSCADA/DMS
TRANSMISSIONSCADA/EMS
TRANSMISSION SCADA / ULDC SCADA IN TNEB
TNEBTRANSMISSION
SCADA
Phase 1 with ND110 computers at ChennaiMLDC during 1987 and 5 RTUs were reportingthat time
Enhanced with 13 RTUsat 1991 (Phase 2)Phase 3 – LDC’s at Chennai Madurai and Erode were revampedwith Digital Alpha Servers.All these systems were connected toRSCC Bangalore during Phase 3
UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCHScheme is the present day systemwith GE Harris XA21 SCADAsystem commissioned during2001
ULDC HIERARCHY IN SOUTHERN REGION
ANDHRAANDHRAHYDERABAD WARANGAL KADAPPAH VIJAYAWADA
KARNATAKAKARNATAKABANGALORE HUBLI DAVANGAREKERALAKERALA
KALAMACHERY KANNUR TIRUVENDRAM
TAMILNADUTAMILNADUMADURAI ERODE CHENNAI
PONDYCHERYPONDYCHERY
SRLDCBANGALORESRLDCBANGALORE
COMPONENTS OF SCADARTUs
Communicationmedia
SCADA Mastercontrol system
RTUs in TRANSMISSION SCADA
GE ENERGY D20 & D25ABB SPIDER RTU 200/211DONGFANG 1331SYNERGY HUSKY 6049-E70YOKOGAWA DCSGE fanuc PLC 90-30
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU)• A Ruggedized IED designed to collect, process and send field data to the Scada Master at a
different geographical location .
• RTU - A stand alone data acquisition and control system also executes the controls from thecentral system as well.
• RTU have a specific RTOS that does scanning, Processing and storing the inputs, as well asmonitoring the communications ports. It reports to master when polled and responds withavailable data. The RTU will operate scanning its inputs, normally at a fairly fast rate.
• It may do some processing such as change of state processing, time stamping of changes,and storage of the data awaiting polling from the SCADA master
• It has the capacity of sending change of state events by sending Exception by pollingmessages
• Separate Driver for the communication to the SCADA Master.
• Configuration tool to program the RTU.
• System Diagnostics/ File transfer facilities are inherent feature
• Supports multiple protocols
TYPICAL RTU ARCHITECTURE
AI
MFT1
MFT2
MFT n
AIVoltage Transducer
Current TransducerOLTC Transducer
CMRBKR/ISOSTATUS
SPG
PROT. TRIP
TRF ALARM /TRIP SIGNALS
HDRBREAKERON/OFF
TAP RAISE /LOW
ISOLATORSOPEN/CLOSE
REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT
CPUCPU AI ModuleAI Module DI ModuleDI Module DOModule
DOModule
Internal BUS arrangement
Modbus RS 485 Output
Aux. 48V DC
PT supply
CT supply
MFT SCHEMETo RTUsMCU
ANALOG VALUES OBTAINING FROM MFTIndividual P-G Voltages for all 3 phasesIndividual P-P Voltages for all 3 phasesIndividual Phase CurrentsActive Power (MW)Reactive Power (Mvar)Apparent power (S)PowerfactorFrequency (HZ)Energy Exp/Imp
Station DC +ve
To the Breaker,Isolator / OLTC
Control Outputmodule of RTU
HDR
RTU CONTROL SCHEME
Used forBreaker Close / Trip operations
OLTC Tap position Raise /LowerMotorised isolators operation
48V
DIGITAL INPUT SCHEME
Station DC -ve
+ve from status point of the device
DI module uses RTUDC across contacts
CMR
Breaker ON / OFFSpring charge
Local/Remote switch positionProtection trip(SOE)
Transformer WT/Buch./OT AlarmsTransformer PRV/Buch./CF /WTT
trip Indications
EXISTING ARCHITECTURE OF ULDC SCADAOFCRTU 1 PLCC
RTU 2
LEASED LINE
RTU n
FEPPLCC /OFC
RTU 1
CELLULLAR TECHNOLOGY / VSAT
RTU 2
LEASED LINE
RTU n
OFC
RTU 1
PLCC
RTU 2
LEASED LINE
RTU n
FEP
FEP
MLDC CHENNAI
SLDC MADUARAI
SLDC ERODE
GE H
arri
sXA2
1 SC
ADA
FIELDI/O’S throMFT/CMR/HDR RTU
FIELDI/O’S throMFT/CMR/HDR RTU
FIELDI/O’S throMFT/CMR/HDR RTURTU PLCCPANEL
MODEM
3rd PartyCommunications
VSAT/MLLN/GPRS
SCADA MASTERCONSISTS OFAPPLICATIONSERVERS &WORKSTATIONS
FEPorCFE
MUX
PLCCPANEL
MODEM
MUX
BINARYOUTPUTFRM RTU
D/AANALOGCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEM
A/D
DIGITALCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
GPS
REMOTETERMINAL
UNIT
SCADAMASTERSCADA
MASTERCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS
INTEROPERABILITY
Protocol is a defined set of rules formed to have communicationbetween intelligent devices. It governs how message containingdata and control information are to be knitted at source for theirtransmission across the network and then unwind when they reachtheir destination
Protocol is a defined set of rules formed to have communicationbetween intelligent devices. It governs how message containingdata and control information are to be knitted at source for theirtransmission across the network and then unwind when they reachtheir destination
Interoperability is the ability of an IED to communicate exchangeinformation with other vendors IED on a common platform(protocol) without any additional hardware/software
Interoperability is the ability of an IED to communicate exchangeinformation with other vendors IED on a common platform(protocol) without any additional hardware/software
Protocol converters does the function of a translator aiding 2systems operating on different protocols to communicate &exchange information
Protocol converters does the function of a translator aiding 2systems operating on different protocols to communicate &exchange information
PROTOCOLS & INTEROPERABILITY
FUNCTIONS OF A MASTER STATION
• Control Centre is a place where all the relevant real time datapertaining to geographically scattered elements of a network areavailable
• SCADA systems are used to monitor and control remote generation,transmission and distribution stations
• Acquire: Frequency, Volts, Amps, Kw, Kvars,PF etc… on an electricsystem
• Organize and store data for retrieval.• Portrays information in a logical and organized fashion like –
Alarms, Events, System maps, line diagrams, etc.• Analyze: Trending, Load Forecasting/shedding• Disturbance Capture• Control: Activate switches, breakers, Tap raise low.
KEY FUNCTIONALITIES OF XA21• Real time Data Acquisition• Preparing Trend charts• Disturbance Data collection• Continuous recording Database• Alarms are displayed when the set limits for ananalog values are violated• Event summary preparation• Maintaining data history for later analysis
SCADA FUNCTIONALITIES• RTU Data acquisition
• Supervisory control
• Data exchange
• Data processing (Alarms,SOE,calculations)
• Disturbance Data Collection
• Historical Information Storage & Retrieval
EMS MODULES• SIMILAR DAY FORECAST
• POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS
• INTER STATE TRANSACTION
• AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL(AGC)
• ECONOMIC LOAD DESPATCH
• UNIT COMMITMENT
EXISTING SETUP @ MLDC• SCADA Servers (1+1) : GE Harris XA-21 System in• IBM 6000 RISC M/C• EMS Servers (1+1) : IBM• ISR Servers (1+1) : IBM• FEP (1+1) : Motorola (128 Ports)• OS : UNIX• Data Base : Sybase• Protocol :IEC-60870-5-101 / RP570
21.01.2008 33
21.01.2008 34
21.01.2008 35
Presently atotal of 150RTUs arereporting toTNEB ULDCSCADA
21.01.2008 36
21.01.2008 37
BKR ONstatus
BKR ONstatus
21.01.2008 38
21.01.2008 39
21.01.2008 40
21.01.2008 41
NEW ULDC SCADA ARCHITECTUREDCPC 2
RTU 1RTU 2RTU n
DCPC 1 RTU 1RTU 2RTU n
DCPC nRTU 1RTU 2RTU n
MADURAIBCC
(ALSTOMSCADA
MASTER)
MADURAIBCC
(ALSTOMSCADA
MASTER)
ERODESLDC with
RemoteConsole
ERODESLDC with
RemoteConsole
OFC NETWORK
OFC NETWORK
DATA CONCENTRATORcumPROTOCOL CONVERTER
DCPC
ROLE OF DCPC IN THE NEW SCHEME
IEC104RTU
IEC104RTU
DNPRTU
IEC101RTU
RP570RTU
DATA CONCENTRATOR cum PROTOCOL CONVERTER (DCPC)PL
CC
LL VSAT 3GOFC
LOW SPEED SERIAL RTUs IP NETWORK RTUs
TERMINAL SERVER SWITCH
DISTRIBUTION SCADA
R-APDRP• Restructured Accelerated Power Development and Reforms Programme• Distribution sector reforms programmes were introduced during 2001-2002 in X th five year plan by GOI as APDRP.• Central govt. launched R-APDRP in July 2008 to extend reforms indistribution sector• This programme is being funded by central Power ministry with M/s PFCas Nodal Agency.• Total fund allocation for this scheme is 50000 crores for all over India• R-APDRP schemes divided as PART – A and PART-B• The main objective of R-APDRP implementation is to bring down AT&Closses to 15% and (achieving 1.5% reduction in every year ) andimproved customer satisfaction
R-APDRP OBJECTIVESEstablishing
baselinedata
Fixation ofaccountability
Reductionof AT&C
losses
Commercialviability
Reductionof outages
&interruption
Increaseconsumer
satisfaction& Revenue
PART A ConsumerIndexing, Asset
Mapping
GIS Mapping of theentire distribution
network
Automatic Meter Reading(AMR) on DT & Feeders
Automatic Data Logging for allDistribution Transformers and Feeders
Feeder Segregation / Ring Fencing
Establishment of IT enabled customer service centres
SCADA/DMS in big towns
SCHEMES BEING IMPLEMENTED BY IT WINGBaseline Data
Acquisition(AMR)
EnergyAccounting and
Auditing
GIS basedConsumer
Indexing andAsset Mapping
GIS basedintegratedNetworkAnalysis
Connection andDisconnection
system
Customer CareCentre
ManagementInformation
System
RAPDRP- PART BRevamping of 11 kV substations and transformers
Re-conductoring of lines at 11 kV level & below
Replacement of electromagnetic meters with tamper proof electronic meters
Load Bifurcation, Load Balancing
HVDS (11kV)
Installation of capacitor banks & mobile service centres
Aerial Bunched Conductors in populated areas
Network Strengthening at 33kV or 66kV levels
COMMERCIAL LOSSESCOMMERCIAL LOSSES
1.Meter Defect, Poor meteraccuracy etc.,
2.Human error in assessment
3. Theft-Tampering the meters
4.Inferior quality materials
5.Discrepancies in Energy BillCollection. Errors in Billing
TECHNICAL LOSSESTECHNICAL LOSSES
1.Transformer Loss
2.Line Loss
3.Unbalanced Loading
4.Low HT/LT ratio
5.Improper Earthing atConsumer End
STATUS OF AT&C and T&D LOSSES IN TNEBT&D LOSS IN 2007-08 - 18%AT&C LOSS IN 2007-08 - 19.17%
STATUS OF AT&C and T&D LOSSES IN TNEBT&D LOSS IN 2007-08 - 18%AT&C LOSS IN 2007-08 - 19.17%
SCADA –DMS eligible towns
Chennai
Madurai
Trichy
Tirunelveli
Coimbatore
Tiruppur
Salem
RAPDRP ELIGIBILITY CRITERIASCADA/DMS
Project
Population 4lakhs
AnnualConsumption
350 MU
7 townsidentified
Proposal cost139 crores
Other modulesin RAPDRP
Population10000
110 suchtowns
identified
WHY DO WE NEED SCADA• Unbundling of SEBs into Utilities changed thebusiness environment• Utilities are forced to run Business profitably• DA is a tool using SCADA as a backbone to form an ITinfrastructure required for Distribution systems• A part of the system is automated.• How much amount of automation to be introducedin the systems will be decided by the Utilities.
DCC Configuration in each CITY
FEPs (1+1)
ICCP toMadurai IT-DRC
to 4 VDUs
Internet
LAN-1
LAN-2
Fire Wall
Fire Wall (DMZ)
Web Exchange
Wall DisplayScreen
Wall DisplayServer
ScadaServer
Data (ISR)Server
NMS/DMSServer
Printer
WorkStations
Operator Stations
LAN-1
LAN-2
Printer Sharer
Plotter
StorageDevice
Logger
Engg.Stations
DevelopmentServer
R
R R
R
R R
IT Server
R R
R R
CommunicationServer (1+1)
R R
WebServer
GPS
ICCP toMadurai DRC
R R
Communication Diagram at each City
SubStation #1
SubStation # 2
SubStation #3
SubStation # 4
SubStation # n
Server atDCC
Server atDCC
256 Kbps-MLLN
RMU # 1RMU # 1
SectionalizerSectionalizer
RMU # NRMU # N
RMU # 2RMU # 2
RTU +LDMS
FRTUs
GPRS/CDMA
R-VDU
2 MbpsMPLS
DRCMDR
2 MbpsMPLS
DR-ITMDR
VDU
Copper
MLLN256 Kbps
ULDC
RTU/FRTU Schematic
SubStation
CommunicationServers at DCC
256 KbpsMLLN
RMU
RTU
FRTU-A
D/I8X32
A/I5X96
D/O3X32
Misc. A/I1X16
P/I4X32
A/O1X8
D/I2X32 A/I
1X96D/O1X16
DCPS
LDMS
FRTU-B/C
D/I1X16 A/I
1X96D/O1X16
Sectionalizer
DRCMDR
2 MbpsMPLS
DCPS toFRTU A
and B
FEP ServerDCC
DR-ITMDR
ULDCServer
SCADA DR Centre Configuration at Madurai
LAN-1
LAN-2
Data RepositoryServer
Printer
Work Stations
LAN-1
LAN-2
Storage DeviceLogger
DR CommunicationServer (1+1)
R R
STAGES IN DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATIONDCC with
DMS/SCADA
SUBSTATIONS(PRIMARYNETWORK)
•RTUs to collect data from SS equipment•LOCAL SCADA
FEEDERS withFRTUs
(SECONDARY 11KV NETWORK )
• RMU• SECTIONALISERS• FPI
Abstract of Existing and Proposed Nodes of all the Project AreasSl.No. Details RTU/FRTU Type
Cities TotalChennai Coimbatore Madurai Trichy Tirupur Tirunelveli SalemE P E P E P E P E P E P E P E P1 110 kV SubStations RTU-A 62 10 18 5 9 2 6 1 9 1 3 0 6 0 113 192 33 kV Sub Stations RTU-B 78 31 1 1 7 2 5 3 4 1 5 3 0 0 100 413 11 kV SwitchingStations. RTU-B 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0
RTU Total 142 41 19 6 16 4 11 4 13 2 8 3 6 0 215 60183 25 20 15 15 11 6 2754 5 Way RMUs FRTU-A 1158 1693 0 396 0 92 0 19 0 40 0 18 0 17 1158 22755 3 Way RMUs FRTU-B 0 0 0 75 0 187 0 122 0 210 0 84 0 158 0 8366 Sectionalizers FRTU-C 0 121 0 367 0 296 0 241 0 119 0 104 0 100 0 1348
FRTU Total 1158 1814 0 838 0 575 0 382 0 369 0 206 0 275 1158 44592972 838 575 382 369 206 275 5617Total No. of Nodes 5892
City Sub-station Name City Sub-station Name City Sub-station Name
Madurai
Ellis Nagar
Tirunelveli
Thiyagarajanagar
Trichy
SrirangamTheppam Reddiarpatti AmbikapuramPudur Palayapettai K.SathanoorKovil Thalaiyuthu Trichy 110 kv ssAvaniapuram Kokkirakulam ThennurVandiyur Exhibition Ground Court CampusAnaiyur Melapalayam E.B RoadMG Nagar Palayamkottai ThuvakudiVillapuram New bus stand (P) ThiruverumburAnna Bus stand Samathanapuram (P) KambarasampettaiSubramaniyapuram Udayarpatti (P) MannarpuramMahalipattyArasaradi TOTAL : 41 stationsArapalayamIndustrial EstateAnuppanadySamayanallurThiruppalaiPasumalai
RTU @ MADUARI /TRICHY/TIRUNELVELI
AUTOMATION COMPONENTS INSECONDARY NETWORK• Ring Main Units• Auto Reclosures• Sectionalisers• Fault passage indicators
RING MAIN UNIT• RMU is a switchgear used in secondary distribution networksto provide uninterrupted supply to critical loads.• In The conventional secondary distribution feedersDistribution Distribution transformers are then connected tothe system by T-offs. Instead of specifying and selectingindividual components required for a T-off, the requiredcomponents are frequently available in an integrated packageknown as a ring-main unit.• RMUs are available in various combinations such as• Switch-fuse combination• Simple switches in combination• Switch – breaker combination
A SIMPLE 3 WAY RMU CONFIGURATION
FEEDER RTU• It does the similar functions of the RTU.• Used in conjunction with the secondary 11 KVfeeder network elements like RMU §ionalizers• The No. of I/O modules will be less in theFRTUs compared to RTU’s
FRTU
AUTO RECLOSERES• AR is a self contained device with the necessaryintelligence to sense the Over currents fromtime to time & interrupt fault current and re-energise by auto reclousure action• If the fault is permanent then AR locks down
permanently after a pre-set no.of operations
• TNEB doesn’t use AR
SECTIONALISERS• These are the used to isolate the faulty sectionswitches available in the secondary network.• Used in conjunction with auto reclosures/RMUs• The sectionalisers sense the current above the pre-set and goes in to the counting mode .• Once the line is De- energised due to a fault oroperation of a AR it can be set to open after a pre-setno.of counts are reached
FAULT PASSAGE INDICATORS• FPI s are designed to aid fault location onDistribution networks by detecting faultcurrents and appropriately generate visualindication and communicate• When a fault is detected in the system theindicator operates alarm contacts for theremote indication and a internal LED to give avisual indication
DISTRIBUTION CONTROL CENTRE
SERVER ROOM
SERVERS AND ITS FUNCTIONSFEP ServerSCADA ServerISR ServerCOMMUNICATIONS ServerNMS ServerDIRECTORY ServerDEVELOPMENT serverWEB ServerDTS Server
Each server performs adefined function and theSCADA /DMS platform isbuilt in such a way to usethe data available in theindependent servers toperform SCADA & DMSfunctionalitieseffectively
FEP / CFE SERVER• Field RTUs will physically get connected to theSCADA system through FEP• FEP server acts as an interface between mainSCADA system running on high speed and FieldRTU’s running on slow speed• It is a pre processing device of the input data thanthe main processor. Does functions like Telemetercontrol, Data collection, End to end managementand reporting.
ISR SERVER• Data from SCADA server will be stored in ISR foronline backup• Real time database snapshot, storage and playback• Historical Information• SOE data• Alarm message log• Event logs• Storage of files
SCADA SERVER• This is the real-time DATA server• Where all the data from the field will be stored anddisplayed• Validates data for reasonability and communication failures• Performs checks on process variable limits and executesuser-defined calculations• Determines the quality and integrity of acquired data –based on limits, normal/abnormal states, etc.• Generates alarms for abnormal data conditions• Provides remote supervisory control capability
ICCP SERVER• The redundant ICCP(Inter control centre communicationserver) servers used to retrieve, transmit and processdata to and from remote sources i.e. remote controlcentres.• Data retrieve and processed from remote sources may bestored in communication servers, which then distributesthe data to other servers periodically or on demand.• Handles the task of Information sharing between variousLegacy control centres and Data Repository Centre and tothe LDCs in the Transmission network
NMS SERVERS (NETWORKMANAGEMENT SYSTEM )• Used for performance monitoring of the servers,work stations and Routers and LAN equipmentspresent in the SCADA system• The system monitors the performance, availability ofresources like memory/disk space and errorstatistics of all the servers, workstations and thenetworking equipments.
DIRECTORY SERVERS• An Active Directory based domain controlleralso can act as a DNS server that registers thenames and addresses of computers in thedomain and then provides the network addressof a member computer when queried with thecomputer's name.
WEBSERVERS WITH IPS• These are are servers installed in the DMZ of theSCADA system.• i.e.) In the DMZ LAN allows external RVDU users toaccess SCADA data / displays• The data will be accessed from ISR servers and notfrom SCADA server• Webservers will be provided with Intrusion Prevention& Detection system (IPS)• Redundant firewall systems (Hardware) will also beavailable in the DMZ Zone.
DEVELOPMENT SERVER• Does the functions like database creation /modification• Acts as a testbench for the integration of a newRTU testing before putting in to Real timeenvironment
SCADA FUNCTIONS• Real Time Data Acquisition / processing /calculations• GPS based time synchronization of RTUs /FRTUs• Sequence of Events Recording• Information Storage & Retrieval• Continuous real time recording & playback• Supervisory Control• Data Exchange with IT system
DATA TYPES USED IN SCADA SYSTEMS• Real Time data collected using RTU/FRTU• Data from IT systems• Calculated data• GIS• Pseudo manual data
ADVANTAGES OF USING SCADAQuick implementation of a decision
•Reduces man power•Operate while you view•Basic requirement to run Energy
Management systems•Remote supervision & operation
Quick implementation of a decision•Reduces man power•Operate while you view•Basic requirement to run Energy
Management systems•Remote supervision & operation
Data acquisition•Real time data available at control point•Helps in decision making•Requirement to execute Supervisory control•Helps in data analysis•Gives you a picture of the whole system at real
time•Facilitates data sharing
Data acquisition•Real time data available at control point•Helps in decision making•Requirement to execute Supervisory control•Helps in data analysis•Gives you a picture of the whole system at real
time•Facilitates data sharing
DMS MODULES•Load Shed Application
• Fault Management & System Restoration
• Load Flow Application
• Network Connectivity Analysis
• Loss Minimization via Feeder Reconfiguration
• Load Balancing via Feeder Reconfiguration
• Voltage / VAR control
• Operation Monitor
• Training tool
DISTRIBUTION NETWORK MAJOR ELEMENTSTRANSFORMERS
CIRCUITBREAKERS
ISOLATORS
RMUs
SECTIONALISERS
FUSESCAPACITORBANKS
FEEDERS
LINE SEGMENTS1/2/3 PHASE
FPI
IED
NETWORK CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS• NCA module provides the connectivity between variousnetwork elements present in the distribution network• The Network Topology shall be ascertained using this moduleby analysing the status of the Network elements such asBreakers/Isolators/Transformers at a given point of time• This can be operated on Real time / Study mode• NCA is useful in determining Bus Connectivity (Live or Dead) /Feeder connectivity• Representing the possible alternate routes (loops)• Network connectivity representing S/S as node
STATE ESTIMATION• SE helps in assessing the present state of theDistribution Network• Assess loads of all the nodes and assess all thevariables such as Voltage,Current• In all the buses,sections and Transformers inthe Distribution network
LOAD FLOW APPLICATION• LFA helps to evaluate the unknown quantities of Real/Reactive
power /Voltages/current at all the buses for a given networktopology
• LFA uses Real Data / Calculated Data / Estimated data available
• Helps Dispatcher in taking decisions in the event of
• Feeder over loadings
• Power system Topology change like alteration in the Distributionsystem
• Transformer tap position Change / Capacitor /Reactor MVARchange
VOLT VAR CONTROL (VVC)• VVC function provides to maintain High qualityvoltage profile by controlling reactive powerflow by using the resources like• OLTC for Voltage control• Capacitor banks for VAR control
LOAD SHED APPLICATION• LSA helps to automate and optimise theprocess of selecting best combination ofbreakers/switches to be opened to sheddesired amount of load.• LSA determines different combinations to meetout the required load shed
FAULT MANAGEMENT ANDSYSTEM RESTORATION• FMSR application helps the Dispatcher todetect,Localise,isolate and restoration of theDistribution system after an occurrence of afault.• FMSR uses the SCADA control for this purposeand the Network elements such as Autoreclosures,Sectionalisers and FPIs will be usefulin Localise /Isolate and restoration of the systemwith minimum interruption
LOSS MINIMIZATION VIA FEEDERRE-CONFIGURATION• The information of Network Topology and availability ofadjacent feeder networks can be useful in right selectionof feeders with the overall aim of reducing line losses andmaximum power delivery to the consumers• This function helps in calculation of present losses basedon the loading of all the elements present in the network.• LMFR application can be used to have various scenariosfor a given planned & un planned outages, Equipmentoperating limits while recommending the switchingoperations by LFA
LOAD BALANCING VIA FEEDERRECONFIGURATION• LBFR application is used for the optimum balance of thenetwork segments that are over and Under loaded.• LBFR ensures optimum Utilisation capacities of theDistribution Transformers and Feeders• The dispatcher can have the option to simulate switchingoperations and visualise the effect on the network bycomparisons based on the line loadings,Voltageprofiles,Load restored,System restoration and no.affected of customers
LOAD FORECAST• LF uses information available in the historical database andWeather conditions data collected over a period of time topredict the requirement of customer loads.• Short Time Load Forecasting will be used for the assessment ofaverage Electrical loads from 1 to 7 days ahead.• Long Time forecasting is used for forecasting load growthsover long durations using methods like• Least Square Method• Kalman filter• Time series method
