Scenario-based ���design

Media Design course

Autumn 2016

INDEX

1. Introduction

3. Scenario-based design

4. Scenarios in Participatory Design

5. Scenario types

2. Elements

6. Examples

1. INTRODUCTION

Scenarios are stories about people and their activities.

Carroll, 1999

2. ELEMENTS

•  Setting (explicit or implicit): description of the starting state of theepisode and objects that are involved

•  Agents o actors

•  Goals

•  Actions – things that actors do

•  Events – things that happen to actors

•  Objects

Harry is interested in bridge failures; as a child, he saw a small bridge collapse when its footings were undermined after a heavy rainfall. He opens the case study of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and requests to see the film of its collapse. He is stunned to see the bridge first sway, then ripple, and ultimately lurch apart. He quickly replays the film, and then opens the associated course module on harmonic motion. He browses the material (without doing the exercises), saves the film clip in his workbook with a speech annotation, and then enters a natural language query to find pointers to other physical manifestations of harmonic motion. He moves on to a case study involving flutes and piccolos.

Goals (Carroll, 1999)

2. ELEMENTS

Harry is interested in bridge failures; as a child, he saw a small bridge collapse when its footings were undermined after a heavy rainfall. He opens the case study of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and requests to see the film of its collapse. He is stunned to see the bridge first sway, then ripple, and ultimately lurch apart. He quickly replays the film, and then opens the associated course module on harmonic motion. He browses the material (without doing the exercises), saves the film clip in his workbook with a speech annotation, and then enters a natural language query to find pointers to other physical manifestations of harmonic motion. He moves on to a case study involving flutes and piccolos.

Actions (Carroll, 1999)

2. ELEMENTS

Harry is interested in bridge failures; as a child, he saw a small bridge collapse when its footings were undermined after a heavy rainfall. He opens the case study of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge and requests to see the film of its collapse. He is stunned to see the bridge first sway, then ripple, and ultimately lurch apart. He quickly replays the film, and then opens the associated course module on harmonic motion. He browses the material (without doing the exercises), saves the film clip in his workbook with a speech annotation, and then enters a natural language query to find pointers to other physical manifestations of harmonic motion. He moves on to a case study involving flutes and piccolos.

Objects (Carroll, 1999)

2. ELEMENTS

3. SCENARIO-BASED DESIGN

•  Evoke reflection about design issues

•  Are open-ended and easily revised

•  Allow different perspectives on a same interaction

•  Can be abstracted and categorized.

•  Support communication and discussion on work processes, as well as stakeholders’ participation

5 reasons for scenario-based design (Carroll, 1999). Scenarios:

Collaborative Analysis of Requirements and Design

Example of CARD technique (Muller et al., 1995)

4. SCENARIOS IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN

•  Developed by Muller et al. 1995.

•  Explores work flows through playing

cards that represent screens or task

components. The sequential laying out of

cards into work flows becomes a

representation of work scenarios.

PICTIVE

Example of CARD technique (Muller et al., 1995)

4. SCENARIOS IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN

4. SCENARIOS IN PARTICIPATORY DESIGN

Scenarios can be used at different stages of the lifecycle:

•  Task analysis: discussion with end-users around initial scenarios created by designers

•  Design: users created their own scenarios that serve as a basis for discussion with designers and developers.

•  Assessment: the scenario of a mockup is presented to end-users in order to obtain feedback.

5. SCENARIO TYPES

•  Problem scenarios: describe current situation features

•  Activity scenarios: propose transformation from current practice into new design features

•  Information scenarios: how users perceive, interpret and make sense of information

•  Interaction scenarios: physical actions and system responses that enact and respond to the users’ task goals and needs

Rosson and Carroll (1999):

6. EXAMPLES

Activity scenarios

History teacher Jana

Jana  is  a  history  teacher  in  a  small  primary  school  in  Poland.  She  just  graduated  from  the  university  last  spring,  so  it  is  her  first  year  as  a  teacher.  Jana  is  a  very  concerned  teacher  and  wants  to  make  her  lessons  interes>ng  for  the  students.  She  has  been  using  computers  for  years  -­‐  mainly  for  university  studies  and  communica>ng  with  friends.  She  is  also  interested  to  use  Internet  and  ICT  tools  with  her  students.  In  6th  grade  history  lessons  are  focused  on  the  Middle  Ages.  Currently  Jana  is  preparing  a  lesson  about  life  in  medieval  ci>es.  She  looks  for  addi>onal  informa>on  from  Polish  Wikipedia  and  Google.  Wikipedia  has  good  ar>cles  on  Polish  ci>es,  but  it  lacks  the  detailed  informa>on  about  medieval  >mes.  Jana  remembers,  that  one  of  her  colleagues  was  talking  about  Toolbox.  She  finds  Toolbox  from  Google  and  starts  to  browse  the  website.  Toolbox  has  a  good  selec>on  of  learning  resources,  which  are  all  tagged  with  keywords.  Jana  is  searching  for  history  and  receives  several  hundred  results.  Maybe  there  is  something  on  medieval  ci>es  too?  New  search  gives  only  a  dozen  results.  Some  photos,  some  slide  shows  and  a  few  pages  of  text.    

Escenari creat durant el disseny de LeMill(http://lemill.org/trac/wiki/Scenarios)

Scenarios created during iTEC project by A. Keune.

Activity scenarios

Outdoor study project and Recognizing informal learning

6. EXAMPLES

Scenarios created during iTEC project.

Scenario created by Leyla Nasibova during the MA thesis project “Planet Hero”.

Information scenarios

Discovery of relevant projects in geographical proximity

1   2   3  

6. EXAMPLES

Ach So! app scenario. The app was developed as part of the Learning Layers project (video: L. Nasibova)

Interaction scenarios

6. EXAMPLES

Carroll, J. M. (1999). Five Reasons for Scenario-Based Design Proceedings of the 32nd Hawaii International conference on system Sciences.

Muller, M. J., Tudor, L. G., Wildman, D. M., White, E. A., Root, R. W., Dayton, T., ... & Dykstra-Erickson, E. (1995, September). Bifocal tools for scenarios and representations in participatory activities with users. In Scenario-based design (pp. 135-163). John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Poldoja, H. (2011). Scenario-based Design. http://www.slideshare.net/hanspoldoja/scenariobased-design?from_action=save

Rosson, M. B., & Carroll, J. M. (2009). Scenario based design. Human‐computer interaction. Boca Raton, FL, 145-162.

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