scheme of examination - gurukul kangri …gkv.ac.in/fwd/m-sc-env-syllabus-2013-14.pdf · scheme of...

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SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

AND

COURSE OF STUDY

IN

M.Sc. Environmental Science

(w. e. f. 2013-2014)

DEPARMENT OF ZOOLOGY & ENVRIONMENTAL SCIENCESGURUKULA KANGRI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, HARIDWAR – 249404

APRIL 2013

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Revised Syllabus w. e. f. 2013-14Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalya, Haridwar

M.Sc. I, II YearENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

S.N SubjectCode

Subject Title Period Evaluation Scheme SubjectTotalSessional ESE

L T P CT TA Total

M.Sc. I YearSemester – I

1 MEN-101 Fundamentals of Ecology 3 1 - 20 10 30 70 1002 MEN-102 Nature Resource Conservation and

Management3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

3 MEN-103 Wildlife Biology 3 1 - 20 10 30 70 1004 MEN-104 General Environmental Aspects 3 1 - 20 10 30 70 1005 MEN-151 Lab Course – I - - 4 - - - 100 1006 MEN-151 Lab Course – II - - 4 - - - 100 100

Semester – II7 MEN -201 Environmental Pollution 3 1 - 20 10 30 70 1008 MEN -202 Environmental Monitoring and

Toxicology3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

9 MEN -203 Environmental Impact Assessmentand Disaster Management

3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

10 MEN -204 Environmental Chemistry andInstrumentation

3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

11 MEN -251 Lab Course – I - - 4 - - - 100 10012 MEN -252 Lab Course – II - - 4 - - - 100 100

Total 1200M.Sc. II Year

Semester – III1 MEN -301 Environmental Microbiology and

Biostatistics3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

2 MEN -302 Environmental Biotechnology & PestManagement

3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

3 MEN -303 Environmental Economics, Policiesand Laws

3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

4 MEN -304 Himalayan Ecology and RemoteSensing

3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

5 MEN -351 Lab Course –I - - 4 - - - 100 1006 MEN -352 Lab Course –II - - 4 - - - 100 100

Semester – IV1 MEN -401 Biodiversity and faunastic Taxonomy 3 1 - 20 10 30 70 1002 MEN -402 Aquatic resources and their

Management3 1 - 20 10 30 70 100

3 MEN -451 Lab Course – IV - - 4 - - - 100 1004 MEN -403 Dissertation work/Review article

(i) Thesis(ii) Presentation(iii) Viva

1507575 300

Total 1200Grand Total 2400

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L = Lecture T = Tutorial P = PracticalCT = Cumulative Test TA = Teacher AssessmentESE = End Semester Examination

Note: Each student shall have to perform……….experiments. Each shallcarry……..marks………….marks shall be assigned for viva-voce examinationand…………marks shall be reserved for practical record.

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SEMESTER – I

MEN-101 FUNDAMENTALS OF ECOLOGY M.M. 70

UNIT – IIntroduction of ecology (Definition, brief history, scope and branches ofecology). Environment (Meaning/definition) and Environmental factors:Abiotic factors: medium, substratum, soil, water, humidity, climate andmicroclimate, light, temperature, current and pressure, atmosphericgases (O2, CO2 and N2), pH and nutrients, their importance and role.Environmental perception in Vedic literature (air, fire, earth, water andsun in Vedas), Environmental ethics and global imperatives.

UNIT – IIEcosystem: Definition, structural components of ecosystem. Bioticcomponents of ecosystem: autotrophs and heterotrophs i.e. producers,consumers, decomposers and transformers. Ecological pyramids ofnumbers, biomass and energy, concept of productivity and standingcrops.

UNIT – IIIStructure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphereand biosphere. biomes of earth, study of different ecosystems,characteristics and components of forest ecosystem, grasslandecosystem, desert ecosystem and aquatic ecosystem, wetlands andtheir significance.

UNIT – IVPopulation ecology: definitation, characteristics of population, dynamics& regulation, community ecology concept, community characteristicsand, dynamics & interactions (Parasitism, prey-predator relationship,competition, symbiosis & commensalism), development of community(ecological succession).

UNIT – VEnergy flow in an ecosystem: Mass and energy transfer access tovarious interfaces, Energy budget, material balance, Ist and IInd Law ofThermodynamics, heat transfer processes, ecotone, ecotype, edgeeffect, bio-geochemical cycles (C, N, O, P, S) and zoo-geographicalclassification.

Note: Each theory paper shall be of 100 marks out of which the semester endexamination will be of 70 marks and continuous internal assessment of eachpaper will be of 30 marks. Each theory paper will consist of ten questions.Two questions will be set up from each unit. Candidate will have to attemptfive questions in all selecting one question from each unit. The duration ofeach theory paper will be of three hours. The duration of practical will be of 6-8 hours depending on the nature of exercises.

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MEN-102 NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENTM.M. 70

UNIT – IConcept of conservation: Objectives and aims of conservation,Renewable and non renewable resources, Policies and strategies ofconservation. Conservation of soil: Land use and planning, types ofsoil, soil components, reasons of soil degradation, soil erosion and itscontrol measures.

UNIT – IIPrincipal forest types in India, Causes of forest degradation (forestfires, forest land degradation, Illicit felling, grazing, shifting cultivationetc.), Forest conservation measures– Social forestry (Farm forestry,agro forestry, extension forestry), role of forestry in eco-development ofrural areas, ethno-botanical studies in India.

UNIT – IIIFundamentals of Biodiversity: Global Biodiversity conservationstrategies, Biodiversity Conservation Plans in India, Hotspots ofBiodiversity, Sacred groves in India, Significance of Biodiversity tohuman society, Reasons for its depletion, Scope of Biodiversity.

UNIT – IVEnergy Resources: Sun as a source of energy, nature of its radiation.Fossil fuels: coal, petroleum/ oil and natural gas. Mineral resources andreserves. Environmental impacts of exploiting, processing and smeltingof minerals. Hydroelectric power, tidal, wind, biomass, geothermalenergy and nuclear energy (atomic).

UNIT – VConservation of aquatic system: Need and strategies of conservationof aquatic system, conservation of aquatic life. Global water balance,ice-sheets and fluctuations of sea levels, origin and composition of sea-water, factors influencing the surface water, runoff process and waterresources of India.


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MEN-103 WILDLIFE BIOLOGY M.M. 70UNIT – I

Concept of wildlife: Role of wildlife in nature, preservation of breedingstock, artificial stocking, habitat improvement, gene farming, Values ofWildlife, Field observations: Study of signs and symptoms– foot prints,locomotary patterns in tetrapods. Human-wildlife conflict: reasons andremedial measures.

UNIT – II

Types of movement: Tiger pug marks, foot prints of other animals,feeding sign, animal dropping, wildlife census methods (waterholesurvey, point count and line transect methods, pug marks countmethod, King's census method), components of wildlife habitat (cover,food, water and space), common flora and fauna of India.

UNIT – IIISociobiology of wild animals– Territorial behaviour, migratorybehaviour. Breeding behaviour, animal grouping. Animalcommunication: Visual, acoustic and olfactory and their socio-biologicalimportance, animal learning and memory.

UNIT – IVIndian wildlife (Introduction, distribution of wildlife in ecologicalsubdivision of India), IUCN categories, National parks, WildlifeSanctuaries, Biosphere reserves and Zoos in India, gene pool. habit,habitat and breeding biology of few mammals (viz. Elephant, Tiger) andbirds (viz. Weaver bird, Oriental Magpie Robin).

UNIT – VReasons for wildlife depletion (Habitat destruction, commercial wildlifeexploitation, overgrazing etc.), eco-tourism management,measurement for wildlife conservation (Policies and programmes),special projects for endangered species (Project tiger, Gir lionSanctuary Project, Crocodile breeding project, project Hangul),International trade of wildlife, animal cruelty: causes and prevention.


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MEN-104 GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS M.M. 70

UNIT – I

Evolution: origin of life and speciation. Human ecology and humansettlement, scheme of labeling of eco-friendly products (Ecomark),environmental education and awareness, environmental management:meaning and need.

UNIT – II

Convention on conservation of Antarctic marine mineral and livingresources (1980), Treaty on principles governing the activities of statein the exploration and use of outer space (1967). The citizensconvention on biodiversity (1992), International convention on the Highseas fishing and living resources (1958), United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1992 and Intervention of oilpollution casualties (1969).

UNIT – III

Environmental issues in India viz. Narmada dam, Tehri dam, Chipkomovement, Beej Bachao Andolan, green revolution, Silent valleymovement, Urja gram, CNG implementation, formation and reclamationof wastelands: Alkaline and saline soil, hazardous wastes,epidemiological issues, Goiter, fluoriasis and arsenic poisoning,desertification and its control.

UNIT – IV

Environmental priorities in India, Sustainable development: concept,objectives and principles. Challenges for sustainable development:social, political and economic considerations, role of individual andcommunity in sustainable development. Urban and rural planning,utilization of fly ash, waste disposal, recycling and power generation,resettlement and rehabilitation process.

UNIT – V

Water crisis, and water conservation; rainwater harvesting, coastalmanagement, climate of India and Indian monsoon, tropical cyclones,coral reef conservation.


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M.Sc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE SYLLABUSSyllabus w.e.f. July 2012

PRACTICALSMEN-151: LAB COURSE – 1Time: 6-8 HOURS M.M. 100A. Analysis of soil for the following parameters: 6 marks each= 24

(Four exercise to be done in examination)1. Organic matter in soil 2. Ammonical nitrogen in soil3. Nitrate nitrogen 4. Phosphate phosphorus5. Soil texture 6. Soil pH7. Soil temperature 8. Soil humidity/moisture content9. Soil water holding capacity 10. Atmospheric humidity11. Nitrite N2 12. Soil acidity13. Soil alkalinity 14. Porosity15. NPK by flame photometer

B. Population dynamics and community composition (20) 5 Marks each(Four exercise to be done in examination)1. To take up marbles of 5-6 different colours mix these in different ratioselecting one colour for one species and find out :

(a) Species composition/Diversity(b) Dominant Species(c) Population ratio(d) Species Density with given hypothetical area

2. Ask the students to study community components of the grass landecosystem by identifying the:

(a) Types of species of grasses(b) Types of species of herbaceous plants(c) Types of species of shrubs(d) Types of species of trees(e) Types of species of insects fauna(f) Types of species of bird fauna

3. To prepare soil profile in vertical section. Students be given selves of differentmesh sizes to filter soil and pebbles and then to make a model with the help of card-board4. In the map of India. Show distribution of different types of forests of India withdifferent colours

C. Determination of primary productivity by following methods: (12) 06+06(Two exercise to be given)1. Harvest method2. Chlorophyll content method3. Light and dark bottle method

D. Ecosystem Analysis: (12) 06+06(02 exercise to be given)1.To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of forest Ecosystem.2.To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of Desert Ecosystem.3.To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of Grassland Ecosystem4.To study and enlist various biotic and abiotic components of Aquatic Ecosystem5.To study ecology of some major invasive weeds

E. Viva Voce 10F. Practical record 10G. Chart/Model 05

Total 100

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PRACTICALS

MEN-152: LAB COURSE – IITIME: 6-8 HOURS Max. Marks: 100

A. Ecological Adaptations: 04 marks each (16)

(04 exercises to be given)1. Arboreal 2. Volant3. Desert 4. Mimicry5. Aquatic

B. Zoo-geographical regions: (24) 08 marks each(Map studies – Three exercises to be given)1. India – Physiographic Divisions2. India – Climatic Regions3. India-Distributions of Animals4. India- Rainfall and wind5. Distribution of endangered animals species in Himalayan region

C. Biodiversity studies: (12) 06 marks each(Map studies - Two exercises to be given)1. Biodiversity Hotspots location in

(a) World (b) India2. Protected Areas of India (National parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserves, Zoos, Conservation Reserves, Communityreserves)

D. Wildlife material for identification and comments (16) 8 marks each(Two exercises to be given)1. Pug marks and hoops 2. Bird Nests3. Bird Eggs 4. Bird Feathers5. Antlers and horns 6. Fish Scale

E. Viva Voce 10F. Practical record/Chart/Model 10(5+5)

G. Classroom Seminar 12

Total 100

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SEMESTER - II

MEN-201 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION M.M. 70

UNIT – IAir pollution– Sources of air pollutants (Natural sources and manmadesources), types of air pollutants (Primary pollutants– aerosols,gaseous, particulates, metallics, pesticides, radioactive, carcinogens,biological contaminants, secondary pollutants– smog), Effects of airpollutants (Biological, physical and economical) and their controlmeasures.

UNIT – II

Factors affecting air pollutants (Wind, temperature, height,precipitation, topography, turbulent diffusion, separated flows andplume behavior), green house effect, Ozone depletion, acid rain, El-nino and La-nina effect, Bhopal gas tragedy.

UNIT – III

Water pollution: Types of water pollution (Ground water, surface water,lake water, river water and marine water). Sources of water pollution(Sewage and domestic wastes, industrial effluents, agriculturaldischarges, fertilizers, detergents, toxic metals, siltation, thermalpollutants and radioactive materials), Eutrophication, effects of waterpollutants and their control, National River Action Plan (NRAP) (GangaAction Plan & Yamuna Action Plan).

UNIT – IV

Terrestrial pollution (Soil Pollution): Sources of terrestrial pollution(Industrial wastes, urban wastes, agricultural practices, chemical andmetallic pollutants, sedimentation, Biological agents), effects ofterrestrial pollutants, bio-indicators of terrestrial pollution.

UNIT – V

Radio-active pollution: Introduction, types of radiations (Ionizing andnon-ionizing), sources of radiations (natural sources and anthropogenicsources). Biological effects of radiations, noise pollution: Introduction,sources of noise (Industrial, transport, neighborhood), noise exposurelevels and standards, effects of noise pollution and its control.


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MEN-202 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND TOXICOLOGYM.M. 70

UNIT – IAir pollution sampling and monitoring: (Air quality standards, samplingmethods, instruments, duration of sampling period, location of samplingsites, air sampler operations, stack sampling technique, measurementof SO2, NO2, SPM oxidation and ozone, hydrocarbon and particulatematter), control of gases contaminants, combustion, adsorption,adsorption recovery system.

UNIT – IIPhysico-chemical, bacteriological sampling and analysis of waterquality, Sewage treatment: pretreatment, primary, secondary & tertiarytreatment methods; physical-chemical and biological methods oftreatment, criteria for the application of aerobic and anaerobicbiological treatment; types of biological treatment; separation and girtchambers, velocity con trol devices, disposal of grit, oil and greaseseparation.

UNIT – IIITreatment for various industrial effluents with reference to distillery,paper and pulp, textile and dyeing wastes, industrial pollutionabatement. Pollution control in petroleum refineries and petrochemicalunit. Odours and their control, threshold concentration, oxidation, watersupply management: Introduction, demand of water, need of watersupply: Quality criteria for alum and lime as coagulants, treatment ofground water.

UNIT – IVSolid-waste management: Waste generation, characterizationcollection techniques, need for management and planning, solid wastetypes: Municipal waste, domestic waste, sewage sludge and municipalwaste, slaughter house waste, agriculture waste. Integrated solid wastemanagement, solid waste reduction at source,.

UNIT – VToxicology: Introduction, basic concepts of toxicology, toxicants ofhealth hazards (Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Vanadium,Cyanide, Cobalt, Iron), xenobiotics (Absorption, transport andexecution of chemicals). Biological-magnification, biomonitoring of toxicchemicals.


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MEN-203 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND DISASTERMANAGEMENT M.M. 70

UNIT – I

Environmental impact assessment: Introduction, aims, objectives,constraints in EIA, environmental assessment process (impactprediction, evaluation, mitigation and monitoring), environmental impactstatement (EIS), methods of impact analysis (check lists, overlays,matrices, models, comparative studies), environmental items inleopold's identification matrix, questions for impact identification, impactinterpretation, impact communication, impact statements.

UNIT – II

Prediction, evaluation, assessment and monitoring of impacts ofdifferent developmental activities on the air environment, waterenvironment, noise environment, biological environment, culturalenvironment, socio-economic environment.

UNIT – III

Impacts of urbanization, socio-economic and environmental impacts oftourism, impact of coal mining, impact of hydroelectric development,impact of fly ash, impact of sewage and other effluents, impact ofleather tanning.

UNIT – IV

Introduction to catastrophic geological hazards. Type of disasters(Natural and man made). Casual factors of disasters, phases ofdisasters. Study of floods, droughts, earthquakes, Tsunami, landslides,volcanism and avalanche.

UNIT – V

Action plan for earthquake disaster mitigation, Uttarkashi earthquake(implications and lessons), Latur (Killari) earthquake experiences, floodmitigation practices in India, drought management through anticipatorymultidimensional approach.


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MEN-204 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY AND INSTRUMENTATIONM.M. 70

UNIT – I

Fundamentals of environmental chemistry: Stoichemetry, Gibbs'energy, Henry,s law, photochemistry, electrochemistry, chemicalpotential, chemical equilibria, acid base reactions, solubility product,solubility of gases in water, carbonate system, unsaturated andsaturated hydrocarbons, radionuclides.

UNIT – II

Chemical composition of Air: Classification of elements, chemicalspeciation, particles ions and radical in the atmosphere, chemicalprocesses for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter.Thermo-chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.Oxygen and ozone chemistry of air pollutants, photochemical smog.

UNIT – III

Water chemistry: Chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD,sedimentation, coagulation, filtration, redox-potential & soil chemistry:Inorganic and organic components of soil, nitrogen pathways and NPKin soils, concept of salinity in soil system.

UNIT – IV

Toxic chemicals in the environment:– Metals, inorganic contaminantsand organic contaminants; pesticides in water, Biochemical aspects ofArsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Carbon-monoxide, O3 and PANpesticides, insecticides, MIC, carcinogens in the air.

UNIT – V

Principles of analytical methods: Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Colorimetry,Spectrophotometry, Chromatography (GLC, HPLC and Gaschromatography), Atomic absorption spectrophotometry,Electrophoresis, X-ray fluorescence, X-Ray diffraction, Flamephotometry.


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PRACTICALS

MEN-251: LAB COURSE – IIITIME: 6-8 HOURS Max. Marks: 100

A. Water analysis of the following parameters: 40(10+10+5+5+5+5)(Six exercises to be given)1. Preparation of standard solution in lab 2. Preparation of standard curve3. Sampling procedure 4. Dissolved oxygen5.. Free CO2 6. Total Hardness: (a) Ca (b) Mg7.. Total Alkalinity 8 Transparency9. Turbidity 10. pH11. Chlorides 12. Total dissolved solids13. Conductivity 14. Phosphate phosphorous15. Sulphate 16. Composition of solid waste17. Chlorophyll content 18. BOD of sewage and

estimation in road side industrial waste waterplants

19. COD of sewage and 20. Acidityindustrial waste water

21. Na and K- by flame photometer

B. Principle and functioning of following instruments: 20(Four exercises to be given for comments)1. pH meter 2. DO meter3. Conductivity meter 4. Jackson turbidity meter5. Nephlometer 6. Spectrophotometer7. Flame photometer 8. Lux meter9. Anemometer 10. Sound meter11. TDS Meter 12. AAS13. (RDS) Respirable Dust Sampler 14. HPLC15. Weather Monitoring station 16. Water Sampler

C. To study the different methods of air monitoringAmbient air monitoring for SO2, NOx, CO, & SPM

D. To study the different methods of water samplingVisit to nearby Sewage/effluent treatment plants

E. Viva Voce: 10

F. Practical record 10

G. Chart/Model 10

Total 100

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PRACTICALS

MEN-252: LAB COURSE – IVTIME: 6-8 HOURS M.M. 100

A. Experiments on behaviour: 10(One experiment to be given)1. Photoperiodism2. Geotropism

B. Hypothetical EIA of following: 10+10(20)(Two exercises to be given)1. Urbanization2. Dam construction3. Hydroelectric power generation4. Tourism5. Sugar mills6. Road construction7. Industry8. Railway track9. Bridge

C. Management practices of following Natural disasters: 10(Two exercise to be given)1. Earth quake 4. Volcanic eruption 7. Famine2. Land slides 5. Tsunami3. Floods 6. El Nino & La Nina

D. Environmental audit 10(One exercise to be given)Prepare an environmental audit of hostel/institutes/industrial area/city.

E. Determination of lead, Cobalt and Cadmium from the sample using AAS10

F. Class room seminar 10(On the basis of his/her performance and attendance in the seminar heldduring the semester/year)

G. Chart/Model: 10

H. Practical record: 10

I. Viva Voce: 10

Total 100

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SEMESTER – III

MEN-301 ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOSTATISTICSM.M. 70

UNIT – ISoil microbiology: Introduction, microorganisms in soil, role of microbesin biogeochemical cycles (Oxygen, carbon-dioxide, Nitrogen, Sulphurand phosphorous), air microbiology, Introduction, microorganisms inair, aquatic microbiology; introduction, microorganisms in water, role ofmicrobes in natural water.

UNIT – II

Basics of Microbiological analysis, laminar air flow, autoclaving,preparation of culture media, microorganisms and diseases:epidemiology (Introduction, factors affecting epidemiology, modes oftransmission, control of communicable diseases), air-borne diseases(tuberculosis, meningitis, chicken-pox), soil-borne diseases (tetanusand gas-gangrene).

UNIT – IIIWater and food-borne diseases (Cholera, Typhoid, Amoebiasis,Giardiasis and Hepatitis), Contamination of food, microbial spoilage offood, Bioramadiation, Role of microbes in oil-pollution control andchemical pollution control.

UNIT – IVBiostatistics: concept of measurement in environmental studies,sources and presentation of data, Frequency distribution and graphicalrepresentation, measures and central tendencies: Mean, mode andmedian, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, Measures ofdispersions, Quartile deviation, standard deviation, test of significance–testing hypothesis, t-test, F-test, Chi-square test.

UNIT – VDistribution– Normal, Binomial and Poisson, correlation and linearregression, analysis of variance, Lotkaa-Volterra model of populationgrowth, elementary knowledge of probability, point source streampollution model, box model, Gaussian plume model.


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MEN-302 ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PEST MANAGEMENTM.M. 70

UNIT – IVermiculture biotechnology and waste management: Introduction,ecology and distribution of earthworms, vermiculture techniques,Earthworms suitable for Vermicomposting. Nutrient value of worm castand Vermicompost, vermicomposting methods. Economics ofvermiculture,. Vermiculture waste treatment plants vermi filters. wastemanagement and resource recovery, In-situ application of vermiculturefor crop productivity, Use of earthworms in land improvement andreclamation.

UNIT – IIBiological waste and fish farming: Generation of waste, recycling. Useof fertilizer wastes as feed. Use of micro-algae. Use of sludge. Biogas,slurry and livestock waste. Compost application. Intensive aquaculture:Modern technologies of fish farming, integrated fish farming systemand sewage fed fish culture.

UNIT – IIIEnvironmental Biotechnology and resource management: Applicationof biotechnology in environment, Biofertilizer technology: Rhizobiumculture, Blue-green algae culture, Azolla culture and Micorrihizeaculture. Benefits and significance of biofertilizers in agriculture.Fermentation technology. microorganisms biomass production, biogasand biofuel production,

UNIT – IVPest management: cultural control, chemical control, hormonal control,genetic control, biological control, integrated pest managementinsecticides of plant origin, Inorganic insecticides, organic insecticides,

UNIT – VApplication of biotechnology in agriculture, Transgenic crops,vegetables, fishes and GMOs, silk worms: Kinds of silk and theirproducer insects, Lac culture and Apiculture


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MEN-303 ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS, POLICIES AND LAWSM.M. 70

UNIT – I

Environmental Statement (ES), ES of Government of India and itscontents, Introduction to environmental audit: Guidelines andmethodology, purpose and needs; Natural resource accounting forIndian condition: Economic development and environmental impact.

UNIT – II

Fundamentals and theories of environmental economics: Principles ofcost-benefit analysis, cost effective analysis, environmental issues inthe Five Year Plans, Joint forest management for optimal propertyrights, economic value of India's forest stock and economics of forestproducts in India.

UNIT – III

Environmental policies and laws: Introduction to Internationalenvironmental law (Stockholm to Rio). Introduction to National Law(Constitution and other relevant statutes). Convention of InternationalTrade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora (CITES),Convention on biodiversity and convention on climate change, Kyotoprotocol, carbon footprints and Ecological foot print.

UNIT – IV

Air (Prevention and control of pollution) Act 1981, Water (Preventionand control of pollution) Act 1974, as amended in 1988 and rules 1975.Forest Act 1927, Forest conservation Act 1980, EnvironmentalProtection Act 1986 and Rules 1986, Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972,Public liability insurance Act, 1991, National Environmental TribunalAct 1995, National Bio-diversity Act 2002.

UNIT – V

Case studies to be taken up: M.C. Mehta Vs Union of India: Gangapollution case of Tanneries, AIR-1988 SC 1037 (1987), M.C. Mehta VsUnion of India, Ganga Pollution (Municipalities) AIR 1988 SC 1115(1988), R.L. and E. Kendra Dehradun Vs State of U.P. (Dehradunquarrying case, AIR 1985 SC 652 and Banwasi Sewa Ashram Vs Stateof U.P. AIR, 1987, SC 374.


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MEN-304 HIMALAYAN ECOLOGY AND REMOTE SENSINGM.M. 70

UNIT – IGeological features of rocks: Introduction, folds and foldings, faults andfaultings, Types of mountains and their physiographic features withspecial reference to Himalayas, seismicity and Neotectonics in theHimalayas and their effects on environment. Glacier resources ofHimalayas and their importance.

UNIT – IIClimate of Himalayas and its influence on the climate of India, Forestryin Himalayan region (Introduction, forest types and productivity,floristics, forest influences, forest destruction and denudation, forestbased industries, shifting cultivation, grazing and migration inHimalayan region), economically important flora with special referenceto food, fodder, fiber, timber and medicines.

UNIT – IIIEcotourism: Tourism in the Himalayan region and its impact,agriculture system and problems of agriculture in the Himalayan region,problems of water resource development, agro-based industries, socio-economic aspects of resource mobilization in the Himalayan region,Resources and development of aquatic life of the Himalayas (salientfeatures of watershed, resources of aquatic life, conservation anddevelopment).

UNIT – IVPrinciples of Remote Sensing, energy source and radiation principles,Interaction of EMR with atmosphere and earth surface features,Spectral reflectance of soil, water and vegetation. Real RemoteSensing System and its characteristics, aerial photography and itscharacteristics, photogramatery, air photo interpretation, sensors andplatforms.

UNIT – VApplications of Remote Sensing and Aerial photographs in forestrymapping of forest types, species analysis, land-scape analysis,environmental monitoring, habitat suitability analysis, wildlife habitatmanagement, Geographical Information System (GIS) and itsapplication in environmental management.


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PRACTICALS

MEN-351: LAB COURSE – VTIME 6-8 HOURS M.M. 100

A. Study of plankton 10(One exercise to be given)1. Collection, Preparation of slides, identification and quantification of

plankton (Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and benthos) of pond and riverwater using Sedgwick –Rafter counter method.

2. Study of permanent slides Identification and comments (Five slides tobe given) 10Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and benthos

B. Microbial studies 10(Five slides to be given)Identification and comments on Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa

C. Experiments to perform 20 (10+10)(Two exercise to be given)1. Preparation of nutrient broth/Glucose broth2. Inoculation of inoculum (Any polluted water)3. Preparation of nutrient agar medium (NAM)4. Preparation of potato agar medium (PAM)5. Demonstration of pouring and streaking techniques6. Grams staining of Lacto bacilli7. Faecal colliform8. SPC, MPN

D. Bio-statistics Exercise 10+10 (20)(Two exercise to be given)1. To calculate the standard deviation of given samples.2. To find out association between two species using Chi-Square method.3. To find out association between two species using F-test.4. To find out association between two species using T-test.5. To calculate correlation coefficient of given samples.6. To find out the linear regression.Material to be given1. Coloured marbles of different (at least 4-5) colors representing 4-5

different species of flora or fauna.2. Variegated leaves with some diseases or spots.3. Three-four branches of a tree containing many leaves.

E. Classroom seminar 10(On the basis of his/her performance and attendance in the seminar heldduring the semester/year)

F. Practical record/Chart/Model: 10 (5+5)

G. Viva Voce 10Total 100

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PRACTICALS

MEN-352: LAB COURSE – VITIME: 6-8 HOURS M.M. 100

A. Experiments on Biotechnology: 10+10=20(Two exercises to be given)1. Estimation of earthworm biomass from :

(a) Forest soil(b) Agriculture soil(c) Garden soil

2. Types of vermicast/collection3. Vermiculture model-comments.4. Aquaculture practice/aquarium model5. Separation of Anabaena from Azzolla6. Root nodule bacteria7. Ferment model

B. Experiments on Remote sensing 10+10 (20)(Two exercises to be given)1. Reading of topo maps and geological maps.2. Study of satellite imageries.3. Interpretations of remotely sensed data.4. Study of 3-D vision test cards with the help of pocket stereoscope.

C. Experiments on Himalayan Ecology 30 (10+10+10)(Three exercises to be given)1. To study the internal structure of earth.2. Diagrammatic representation of different layers of atmosphere, their

characteristics and temperature relationships.3. Types of rocks.4. Himalayan Horizontal/vertical division (Map studies)

(a) Climatic(b) Physio-geographic(c) Position and location of glaciers, lakes, rivers, streams

5. Endangered species of flora in the Himalayan region.6. Endangered species of Himalayan fauna.7. Study of National parks, sanctuaries and Biosphere reserves in

Himalayan region.

D. Chart/Model 10

E. Practical record 10

F. Viva voce 10

Total 100

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SEMESTER - IV

MEN-401: Biodiversity and Faunastic Taxonomy MM 70

UNIT- I

Concepts of Biodiversity, the extent of biological diversity , IUCN categories ofspecies, concept of keystone species, value of biological diversity, loss of biologicaldiversity, causes of extinctions peoples participation in biodiversity conservationconcept of protected area net works, National parks, Wild life sanctuaries, Biospherereserves.

UNIT –II

Biodiversity indices: , , diversity, Shannon-Weiner index, Simpson index,Similarity and dissimilarity index, Associated index. Calculating various indicesthrough given data.

UNIT-III

Definition and basic concepts of biosystematics and taxonomy, Importance ofapplications of bio-systematics,Recent trends in biosystematics: (Chemotaxonomy,cytotaxonomy and molecular taxonomy), Taxonomic procedures, collection,preservation, correcting, process of identification, taxonomic keys, taxonomiccharacters, theories of biological classification, origin of reproductive isolation,biological mechanism of genetic incompatibility.

UNIT- IV

Dimension of speciation and taxonomic characters, species concept: Speciescategory, different species concepts, sub-species and other intra-specificcategories, mechanism of speciation in panmictic and apomictic species,International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN),Interpretation and applicationof important rules

UNIT-V

General characters, classification and affinities of invertebrates: Protozoa, Porifera,Coelenterates, Platyhelminthes, Aschelhelmithes up to order level giving suitableexamples and general characters, classification and affinities of Annelida,Arthropoda, Mollusca and Echinodermata up to order level giving suitable examples.General characters, Classification of chordates: Pisces, Amphibia , Reptilia, Birdsand Mammalia up to order level giving suitable examples.


23

MEN-402: AQUATIC RESOURCES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT MM 70

UNIT - I

Aquatic biocoenosis: general composition and functional components, Distribution ofaquatic resources in biosphere. Classification and diversity of fresh water, brackishwater and marine waters, Lake basin and their origin. Classification of plankton andplanktonic adaptations.

UNIT - II

Dynamics of aquatic environment, aquatic productivity, energy budget, ecologicalindicators, Riverine continum concept: Stream order, biotic community structure,adaptations in fast flowing water, Eutrophication and their mitigation.

UNIT - III

Biomonitoring of inland waters: biotic indices in running and standing water,Biomanipulation and limnological implications, nutrient dynamics, autochthonous andallochthonous production, trophic dynamics and relationships in different aquaticsystems.

UNIT - IV

Wetland: status, diversity, values, threats and conservation. Wetland birds and theirconservation strategies, wetland sanctuaries and National parks in India, marinebiosphere reserves, Montreux sites, Important Bird Areas(IBAs), world heritage sites,conservation of threatened wetland avian fauna of India.

UNIT - V

Management of aquatic resources: Lacustrine, riverine, conservation measures forprotecting the endangered reptiles, freshwater fishes, conservation andmanagement: in-situ and ex-situ, IUCN categorization.


24

Semester-IVPractical

MM-100MEN: 451Time: 6-8 hrs

1. Listing of extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare species of groups (Pisces,ambhibian, reptiles, birds and mammals) as per IUCN categories.

2. Molecular taxonomy DNA isolation techniques for different groups of animalsas per theory paper.

3. Collection, preservation and identification of species of groups mentionedabove.

4. Zoo geographical distribution of animals.5. Identification, classification and morphometric characters of related animals of

phylum protozoa to Echinodermata.6. Categorization of oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes ecosystem

based on physio-chemical parameters (DO, nitrate, phosphate) andproductivity (Net premairy productivity & Gross primary productivity by light &dark bottle method).

7. Morphometeric and meristic characteristics of freshwater fishes (Labeo, Catla,Schizothorax, Tor, Barilius, Puntius, Hypopthalmix molitrix, Notopterus,Heteropneutis, Cypirus carpio)

8. Identification, classification and morphometric characters, habitat of selectedbirds (Resident birds Common myna, Oriental Magpie Robin, Indian Chat,Pied Bush Chat, Purple sunbird, Cattle egret, Tree Pie, House Crow, Junglecrow, House sparrow, Pied Bush Chat, Blue rock pigeon, Peafowl, Asian koel,Ashy wren warbler, Green barbet, White-breasted waterhen, Spotted dove,Spotted munia, Black-headed starling, Red-wattled lapwing, Black kite, White-throated kingfisher etc. Migratory birds: Ruddy shelduck, Northern pintail,Mallard, Spot-billed duck, Northern shoveller, Eurasian wigeon, Gadwall,Common teal, Garganey, Common pochard, Tufted pochard, Red-crestedpochard, Common merganser etc.

9. Identification, classification and morphometric characters of selected groupsof insects Hymenoptera (Bees): Lepidoptera (butterflies) Coleoptera (lady birdbeetle) Hemiptera (Bugs) and Orthoptera (Grass hopper).

10.Map study on different wetlands of world.11.List of migratory (birds/resident birds from different wetlands of Uttrakhand.12.Enlist the ex-situ and in-situ conservation and management of faunistic

species.13.Field visits/excursion as per theory paper.14.Practical records and charts/models.15.Viva voce.

scheme of examination - gurukul kangri …gkv.ac.in/fwd/m-sc-env-syllabus-2013-14.pdf · scheme of...

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