schopenhauercounsels and maxims
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THE ESSAYS OF
ARTHURSCHOPENHAUER
86%270%8)(&=
8&%-0)=7%92()671%
COUNSELS AND
MAXIMS.
0IFSRLIYVRIWXTEWGLSWIEMWIIMPIWXXVIWHMJJMGMPIHIPIXVSYZIVIRRSYWIXMQTSWWMFPIHIPIXVSYZIVEMPPIYVW
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
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-RXVSHYGXMSR
-JQ]SFNIGXMRXLIWITEKIW[IVIXSTVIWIRXEGSQTPIXIWGLIQISJGSYRWIPWERH
QE\MQWJSVXLIKYMHERGISJPMJI-WLSYPHLEZIXSVITIEXXLIRYQIVSYWVYPIWWSQISJXLIQI\GIPPIRX[LMGLLEZIFIIRHVE[RYTF]XLMROIVWSJEPPEKIWJVSQ8LISKRMWERH7SPSQSRHS[RXS0E6SGLIJSYGEYPHERHMRWSHSMRK-WLSYPH
MRIZMXEFP]IRXEMPYTSRXLIVIEHIVEZEWXEQSYRXSJ[IPP[SVRGSQQSRTPEGI&YXXLIJEGXMWXLEXMRXLMW[SVO-QEOIWXMPPPIWWGPEMQXSI\LEYWXQ]WYFNIGXXLERMRER]SXLIVSJQ][VMXMRKW
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EFERHSR ER] EXXIQTX EX W]WXIQEXMG EVVERKIQIRX *SV LMW HSYFPI PSWW MR XLMW
VIWTIGX XLI VIEHIV QE] GSRWSPI LMQWIPJ F] VIJPIGXMRK XLEX E GSQTPIXI ERHW]WXIQEXMGXVIEXQIRXSJWYGLEWYFNIGXEWXLIKYMHERGISJPMJIGSYPHLEVHP]JEMPXSFIEZIV][IEVMWSQIFYWMRIWW-LEZIWMQTP]TYXHS[RXLSWISJQ]XLSYKLXW
[LMGL ETTIEV XS FI [SVXL GSQQYRMGEXMRKXLSYKLXW [LMGL EW JEV EW - ORS[LEZIRSXFIIRYXXIVIHSVEXER]VEXIRSXNYWXMRXLIWEQIJSVQF]ER]SRIIPWIWS XLEX Q] VIQEVOW QE] FI XEOIR EW E WYTTPIQIRX XS [LEX LEW FIIR EPVIEH]EGLMIZIHMRXLIMQQIRWIJMIPH
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HMWXVMFYXI[LEX-LEZIXSWE]YRHIVXLIJSPPS[MRKLIEHWKIRIVEPVYPIWSYVVIPEXMSRXSSYVWIPZIWSYVVIPEXMSRXSSXLIVWERHJMREPP]VYPIW[LMGL
GSRGIVRSYVQERRIVSJPMJIERHSYV[SVPHP]GMVGYQWXERGIW-WLEPPGSRGPYHI[MXLWSQIVIQEVOWSRXLIGLERKIW[LMGLXLIZEVMSYWTIVMSHWSJPMJITVSHYGIMRYW
-VIJIVXSXLITVSZIVFWERHQE\MQWEWGVMFIHMRXLI3PH8IWXEQIRXXSXLIOMRKSJXLEXREQI
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CHAPTER I.
+IRIVEP6YPIW7)'8-32
8LI JMVWX ERH JSVIQSWX VYPI JSV XLI [MWI GSRHYGX SJ PMJI WIIQW XS QI XS FIGSRXEMRIH MR E ZMI[ XS [LMGL %VMWXSXPI TEVIRXLIXMGEPP] VIJIVW MR XLI2MGLSQEGLIER)XLMGW?+VIIOSTLVSRMQS^XSEPYTSRHMSOIISYXSEIHYASVEWMXQE]FIVIRHIVIHRSXTPIEWYVIFYXJVIIHSQJVSQTEMRMW[LEXXLI[MWIQER[MPPEMQEX
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
JVYWXVEXIHMWEGSRWXERXXVSYFPIXSYWIZIRXLSYKLMXFIWSQIXLMRKUYMXIXVMZMEP;I XLMRO E KVIEX HIEP EFSYX MX ERH ZIV] PMXXPI EFSYX XLSWI SXLIV ERH QSVIMQTSVXERX QEXXIVWMR[LMGL[ILEZIFIIRWYGGIWWJYP -RFSXLXLIWI GEWIW[LEXLEWQIX [MXL VIWMWXERGI MW XLI[MPP MR XLI SRI GEWI EW MX MW SFNIGXMJMIH MR XLISVKERMWQMRXLISXLIVEWMXTVIWIRXWMXWIPJMRXLIWXVYKKPISJPMJIERHMRFSXLMXMWTPEMRXLEXXLIWEXMWJEGXMSRSJXLI[MPPGSRWMWXWMRRSXLMRKIPWIXLERXLEXMXQIIXW[MXL RS VIWMWXERGI -X MW XLIVIJSVI E WEXMWJEGXMSR [LMGL MW RSX HMVIGXP] JIPXEXQSWX[IGERFIGSQIGSRWGMSYWSJMXSRP][LIR[IVIJPIGXYTSRSYVGSRHMXMSR&YXXLEX[LMGLGLIGOWSVEVVIWXWXLI[MPPMWWSQIXLMRKTSWMXMZIMXTVSGPEMQWMXWS[R TVIWIRGI %PP TPIEWYVI GSRWMWXW MR QIVIP] VIQSZMRK XLMW GLIGOMR SXLIV
[SVHW MR JVIIMRK YW JVSQ MXW EGXMSR ERH LIRGI TPIEWYVI MW E WXEXI [LMGL GERRIZIVPEWXZIV]PSRK
8LMWMWXLIXVYIFEWMWSJ XLI EFSZII\GIPPIRXVYPIUYSXIH JVSQ%VMWXSXPI[LMGLFMHWYWHMVIGXSYVEMQRSXXS[EVHWIGYVMRK[LEXMWTPIEWYVEFPIERHEKVIIEFPIMRPMJIFYXXS[EVHEZSMHMRKEWJEVEWTSWWMFPIMXWMRRYQIVEFPIIZMPW-JXLMW[IVIRSXXLIVMKLXGSYVWIXSXEOIXLEXWE]MRKSJ:SPXEMVIW,ETTMRIWWMWFYXEHVIEQERHWSVVS[MWVIEP[SYPHFIEWJEPWIEWMXMWMRJEGXXVYI%QER[LSHIWMVIWXSQEOIYTXLIFSSOSJLMWPMJIERHHIXIVQMRI[LIVIXLIFEPERGISJLETTMRIWWPMIW
ZMM;IPXEPW;MPPIYRH:SVWXIPPYRK:SP-T
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QYWXTYXHS[RMRLMWEGGSYRXWRSXXLITPIEWYVIW[LMGLLILEWIRNS]IHFYXXLIIZMPW[LMGLLILEWIWGETIH8LEXMWXLIXVYIQIXLSHSJIYHEIQSRSPSK]JSVEPPIYHEIQSRSPSK]QYWXFIKMRF]VIGSKRM^MRKXLEXMXWZIV]REQIMWEIYTLIQMWQ
ERHXLEXXSPMZILETTMP]SRP]QIERWXSPMZIPIWWYRLETTMP]XSPMZIEXSPIVEFPIPMJI
8LIVIMWRSHSYFXXLEXPMJIMWKMZIRYWRSXXSFIIRNS]IHFYXXSFISZIVGSQIXSFI KSX SZIV 8LIVI EVI RYQIVSYW I\TVIWWMSRW MPPYWXVEXMRK XLMWWYGL EWHIKIVIZMXEQ ZMXE HIJYRKM SV MR -XEPMERWM WGEQTE GSWM SV MR +IVQER QER QYWWWYGLIRHYVGL^YOSQQIRIV[MVHWGLSRHYVGLHMI;IPXOSQQIRERHWSSR-RSPHEKIMXMWMRHIIHEGSRWSPEXMSRXSXLMROXLEXXLI[SVOSJPMJIMWSZIVERHHSRI[MXL 8LI LETTMIWX PSX MW RSX XS LEZI I\TIVMIRGIH XLI OIIRIWX HIPMKLXW SV XLIKVIEXIWX TPIEWYVIW FYX XS LEZI FVSYKLX PMJI XS E GPSWI [MXLSYX ER] ZIV] KVIEXTEMR FSHMP] SV QIRXEP 8S QIEWYVI XLI LETTMRIWW SJ E PMJI F] MXW HIPMKLXW SVTPIEWYVIWMWXSETTP]EJEPWIWXERHEVH*SVTPIEWYVIWEVIERHVIQEMRWSQIXLMRKRIKEXMZI XLEX XLI] TVSHYGI LETTMRIWW MW E HIPYWMSR GLIVMWLIH F] IRZ] XS MXW
S[RTYRMWLQIRX4EMRMWJIPXXSFIWSQIXLMRKTSWMXMZIERHLIRGIMXWEFWIRGIMWXLIXVYIWXERHEVHSJLETTMRIWW%RHMJSZIVERHEFSZIJVIIHSQJVSQTEMRXLIVIMWEPWSEREFWIRGISJFSVIHSQXLIIWWIRXMEPGSRHMXMSRWSJIEVXLP]LETTMRIWWEVIEXXEMRIHJSVEPPIPWIMWGLMQIVMGEP
-XJSPPS[WJVSQXLMWXLEXEQERWLSYPHRIZIVXV]XSTYVGLEWITPIEWYVIEXXLIGSWX
SJTEMRSVIZIREXXLIVMWOSJMRGYVVMRKMXXSHSWSMWXSTE][LEXMWTSWMXMZIERHVIEPJSV[LEXMWRIKEXMZIERHMPPYWSV][LMPIXLIVIMWERIXTVSJMXMRWEGVMJMGMRK
TPIEWYVI JSV XLI WEOI SJ EZSMHMRK TEMR -R IMXLIV GEWI MX MW E QEXXIV SJMRHMJJIVIRGI[LIXLIVXLITEMRJSPPS[WXLITPIEWYVISVTVIGIHIWMX;LMPIMXMWEGSQTPIXIMRZIVWMSRSJXLIREXYVEPSVHIVXSXV]ERHXYVRXLMWWGIRISJQMWIV]MRXSEKEVHIRSJTPIEWYVIXSEMQEXNS]ERHTPIEWYVIVEXLIVXLEREXXLIKVIEXIWXTSWWMFPIJVIIHSQJVSQTEMRERH]IXLS[QER]HSMXXLIVIMWWSQI[MWHSQMRXEOMRKEKPSSQ] ZMI[ MR PSSOMRK YTSR XLI [SVPH EW E OMRH SJ ,IPP ERH MR GSRJMRMRKSRIWIJJSVXWXSWIGYVMRKEPMXXPIVSSQXLEXWLEPPRSXFII\TSWIHXSXLIJMVI8LIJSSPVYWLIWEJXIVXLITPIEWYVIWSJPMJIERHJMRHWLMQWIPJXLIMVHYTIXLI[MWIQEREZSMHW MXW IZMPW ERH IZIR MJ RSX[MXLWXERHMRK LMW TVIGEYXMSRW LI JEPPW MRXSQMWJSVXYRIW XLEX MW XLI JEYPX SJ JEXI RSX SJ LMW S[R JSPP] %W JEV EW LI MWWYGGIWWJYPMRLMWIRHIEZSVWLIGERRSXFIWEMHXSLEZIPMZIHEPMJISJMPPYWMSRJSV
XLIIZMPW[LMGLLIWLYRWEVIZIV]VIEP)ZIRMJLIKSIWXSSJEVSYXSJLMW[E]XSEZSMHIZMPWERHQEOIWERYRRIGIWWEV]WEGVMJMGISJTPIEWYVILIMWMRVIEPMX]RSXXLI[SVWISJJJSVXLEXJSVEPPTPIEWYVIWEVIGLMQIVMGEPERHXSQSYVRJSVLEZMRKPSWXER]SJXLIQMWEJVMZSPSYWERHIZIRVMHMGYPSYWTVSGIIHMRK
8LIJEMPYVIXSVIGSKRM^IXLMWXVYXLEJEMPYVITVSQSXIHF]STXMQMWXMGMHIEWMWXLIWSYVGI SJ QYGL YRLETTMRIWW -R QSQIRXW JVII JVSQ TEMR SYV VIWXPIWW [MWLIWTVIWIRXEWMX[IVIMREQMVVSVXLIMQEKISJELETTMRIWWXLEXLEWRSGSYRXIVTEVXMRVIEPMX]WIHYGMRKYWXSJSPPS[MXMRHSMRKWS[IFVMRKTEMRYTSRSYVWIPZIWERHXLEXMWWSQIXLMRKYRHIRMEFP]VIEP%JXIV[EVHW[IGSQIXSPSSO[MXLVIKVIX
YTSR XLEX PSWX WXEXI SJ TEMRPIWWRIWW MX MW E TEVEHMWI [LMGL [I LEZI KEQFPIHE[E]MXMWRSPSRKIV[MXLYWERH[IPSRKMRZEMRXSYRHS[LEXLEWFIIRHSRI
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3RI QMKLX [IPP JERG]XLEX XLIWI ZMWMSRW SJ [MWLIWJYPJMPPIH [IVI XLI [SVO SJWSQIIZMPWTMVMXGSRNYVIHYTMRSVHIVXSIRXMGIYWE[E]JVSQXLEXTEMRPIWWWXEXI
[LMGLJSVQWSYVLMKLIWXLETTMRIWW
%GEVIPIWW]SYXLQE]XLMROXLEXXLI[SVPHMWQIERXXSFIIRNS]IHEWXLSYKLMX[IVI XLI EFSHI SJ WSQI VIEP SV TSWMXMZI LETTMRIWW [LMGL SRP] XLSWI JEMP XSEXXEMR[LSEVIRSXGPIZIVIRSYKLXSSZIVGSQIXLIHMJJMGYPXMIWXLEXPMIMRXLI[E]8LMWJEPWIRSXMSRXEOIWEWXVSRKIVLSPHSRLMQ[LIRLIGSQIWXSVIEHTSIXV]ERHVSQERGIERHXSFIHIGIMZIHF]SYX[EVHWLS[XLIL]TSGVMW]XLEXGLEVEGXIVM^IWXLI [SVPH JVSQ FIKMRRMRK XS IRH SR [LMGL - WLEPP LEZI WSQIXLMRK XS WE]TVIWIRXP] 8LI VIWYPX MW XLEX LMW PMJI MW XLI QSVI SV PIWW HIPMFIVEXI TYVWYMX SJTSWMXMZI LETTMRIWW ERH LETTMRIWW LI XEOIW XS FI IUYMZEPIRX XS E WIVMIW SJHIJMRMXITPIEWYVIW -RWIIOMRK JSV XLIWITPIEWYVIWLI IRGSYRXIVW HERKIVE JEGX
[LMGLWLSYPHRSXFIJSVKSXXIR,ILYRXWJSVKEQIXLEXHSIWRSXI\MWXERHWSLIIRHW F] WYJJIVMRK WSQI ZIV] VIEP ERH TSWMXMZI QMWJSVXYRITEMR HMWXVIWWWMGORIWWPSWWGEVITSZIVX]WLEQIERHEPPXLIXLSYWERHMPPWSJPMJI8SSPEXILIHMWGSZIVWXLIXVMGOXLEXLEWFIIRTPE]IHYTSRLMQ
&YXMJXLIVYPI-LEZIQIRXMSRIHMWSFWIVZIHERHETPERSJPMJIMWEHSTXIH[LMGLTVSGIIHW F] EZSMHMRK TEMRMR SXLIV [SVHW F] XEOMRK QIEWYVIW SJ TVIGEYXMSREKEMRWX[ERXWMGORIWWERHHMWXVIWWMREPPMXWJSVQWXLIEMQMWEVIEPSRIERHWSQIXLMRKQE]FIEGLMIZIH[LMGL[MPPFIKVIEXMRTVSTSVXMSREWXLITPERMWRSXHMWXYVFIHF]WXVMZMRKEJXIVXLIGLMQIVESJTSWMXMZILETTMRIWW8LMWEKVIIW[MXL
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MXW GSQQERH MR ZMVXYI SJ ER YREWWEMPEFPI VMKLX RSX SRP] XS EPP [I LEZI SV;IPXEPW;MPPIYRH:SVWXIPPYRKZSPMMGL
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EGUYMVIXS[MJISVGLMPHFYXIZIRXSSYVZIV]PMQFWSYVEVQWPIKWI]IWERHIEVWRE]IZIRXSXLIRSWIMRXLIQMHHPISJSYVJEGI%RHMRER]GEWIEJXIVWSQIPMXXPI XMQI [I PIEVR F] I\TIVMIRGI XLEX LETTMRIWW ERH TPIEWYVI EVI EJEXEQSVKERE [LMGL ZMWMFPI JVSQ EJEV ZERMWL EW [IETTVSEGL XLEX SR XLI SXLIV
LERHWYJJIVMRKERHTEMREVIEVIEPMX][LMGLQEOIWMXWTVIWIRGIJIPX[MXLSYXER]MRXIVQIHMEV]ERHJSVMXWIJJIGXWXERHWMRRSRIIHSJMPPYWMSRSVXLITPE]SJJEPWILSTI
-JXLIXIEGLMRKSJI\TIVMIRGIFIEVWJVYMXMRYW[IWSSRKMZIYTXLITYVWYMXSJ
TPIEWYVI ERH LETTMRIWW ERH XLMRO QYGL QSVI EFSYX QEOMRK SYVWIPZIW WIGYVIEKEMRWXXLIEXXEGOWSJTEMRERHWYJJIVMRK;IWIIXLEXXLIFIWXXLI[SVPHLEWXS
SJJIVMWERI\MWXIRGIJVIIJVSQTEMREUYMIXXSPIVEFPIPMJIERH[IGSRJMRISYVGPEMQW XS XLMW EW XS WSQIXLMRK [I GER QSVI WYVIP] LSTI XS EGLMIZI *SV XLIWEJIWX[E]SJRSXFIMRKZIV]QMWIVEFPIMWRSXXSI\TIGXXSFIZIV]LETT]1IVGO
XLIJVMIRHSJ+SIXLIW]SYXL[EWGSRWGMSYWSJXLMWXVYXL[LIRLI[VSXI-XMWXLI[VIXGLIH[E]TISTPILEZISJWIXXMRKYTEGPEMQXSLETTMRIWWERHXLEXXSMREQIEWYVIGSVVIWTSRHMRK[MXLXLIMVHIWMVIWXLEXVYMRWIZIV]XLMRKMRXLMW[SVPH%QER[MPPQEOITVSKVIWWMJLIGERKIXVMHSJXLMWGPEMQERHHIWMVIRSXLMRKFYX[LEXLIWIIWFIJSVILMQ%GGSVHMRKP]MXMWEHZMWEFPIXSTYXZIV]QSHIVEXIPMQMXWYTSRSYVI\TIGXEXMSRWSJTPIEWYVITSWWIWWMSRWVEROLSRSVERHWSSRFIGEYWI
MXMWNYWXXLMWWXVMZMRKERHWXVYKKPMRKXSFILETT]XSHE^^PIXLI[SVPHXSPIEHEPMJIJYPPSJTPIEWYVI[LMGLIRXEMPKVIEXQMWJSVXYRI-XMWTVYHIRXERH[MWI-WE]
XSVIHYGISRIWGPEMQWMJSRP]JSVXLIVIEWSRXLEXMXMWI\XVIQIP]IEW]XSFIZIV]YRLETT][LMPIXS FIZIV]LETT]MWRSX MRHIIH HMJJMGYPX FYX UYMXIMQTSWWMFPI;MXLNYWXMGIWMRKWXLITSIXSJPMJIW[MWHSQ
%YVIEQUYMWUYMWQIHMSGVMXEXIQ(MPMKMXXYXYWGEVIXSFWSPIXM7SVHMFYWXIGXMGEVIXMRZMHIRHE7SFVMYWEYPE7EZMYWZIRXMWEKMXEXYVMRKIRW4MRYWIXGIPWEIKVEZMSVMGEWY(IGMHYRXXYVVIWJIVMYRXUYIWYQQSW
*YPKYVEQSRMIW
XLIKSPHIRQIERMWFIWXXSPMZIJVIIJVSQXLIWUYEPSVSJEQIEREFSHIERH]IXRSXFIEQEVOJSVIRZ]-XMWXLIXEPPTMRI[LMGLMWGVYIPP]WLEOIRF]XLI[MRHXLILMKLIWXWYQQMXWXLEXEVIWXVYGOMRXLIWXSVQERHXLIPSJX]XS[IVWXLEXJEPPWSLIEZMP]
,I [LS LEW XEOIR XS LIEVX XLI XIEGLMRK SJ Q] TLMPSWSTL][LS ORS[WXLIVIJSVIXLEXSYV[LSPII\MWXIRGIMWWSQIXLMRK[LMGLLEHFIXXIVRSXLEZIFIIRERHXLEXXSHMWS[RERHHMWGPEMQMXMWXLILMKLIWX[MWHSQLI[MPPLEZIRSKVIEX
0IXXIVWXSERHJVSQ1IVGO,SVEGI3HIW--\
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I\TIGXEXMSRWJVSQER]XLMRKSVER]GSRHMXMSRMRPMJILI[MPPWTIRHTEWWMSRYTSRRSXLMRK MR XLI [SVPH RSV PEQIRX SZIVQYGL MJ LI JEMPW MR ER] SJ LMWYRHIVXEOMRKW,I[MPPJIIPXLIHIITXVYXLSJ[LEX4PEXSWE]W?+VIIOSYXIXMXSR
ERXLVSTMRSRLE\MSRSRQIKEPEIWWTSRHEIWARSXLMRKMRLYQEREJJEMVWMW[SVXL
ER]KVIEXER\MIX]SVEWXLI4IVWMERTSIXLEWMX
8LSYKLJVSQXL]KVEWTEPP[SVPHP]XLMRKWWLSYPHJPII+VMIZIRSXJSVXLIQJSVXLI]EVIRSXLMRK[SVXL%RHXLSYKLE[SVPHMRXL]TSWWIWWMSRFI.S]RSXJSV[SVXLPIWWEVIXLIXLMRKWSJIEVXL7MRGIXSXLEXFIXXIV[SVPHXMWKMZIRXSXLII8STEWWWTIIHSRJSVXLMWMWRSXLMRK[SVXL
8LIGLMIJSFWXEGPIXSSYVEVVMZMRKEXXLIWIWEPYXEV]ZMI[WMWXLEXL]TSGVMW]SJXLI
[SVPH XS [LMGL - LEZI EPVIEH] EPPYHIHER L]TSGVMW] [LMGL WLSYPH FI IEVP]VIZIEPIHXSXLI]SYRK1SWXSJXLIKPSVMIWSJXLI[SVPHEVIQIVISYX[EVHWLS[PMOIXLIWGIRIWSREWXEKIXLIVIMWRSXLMRKVIEPEFSYXXLIQ7LMTWJIWXSSRIHERHLYRK [MXL TIRRERXW JMVMRK SJ GERRSR MPPYQMREXMSRW FIEXMRK SJ HVYQW ERH
FPS[MRKSJXVYQTIXW WLSYXMRKERH ETTPEYHMRKXLIWIEVI EPP XLI SYX[EVH WMKRXLITVIXIRGIERHWYKKIWXMSREWMX[IVIXLILMIVSKP]TLMGSJNS]FYXNYWXXLIVINS]MWEWEVYPIRSXXSFIJSYRHMXMWXLISRP]KYIWX[LSLEWHIGPMRIHXSFITVIWIRXEXXLIJIWXMZEP;LIVIXLMWKYIWXQE]VIEPP]FIJSYRHLIGSQIWKIRIVEPP]
[MXLSYXMRZMXEXMSRLIMWRSXJSVQIVP]ERRSYRGIHFYXWPMTWMRUYMIXP]F]LMQWIPJWERWJEGSRSJXIRQEOMRKLMWETTIEVERGIYRHIVXLIQSWXYRMQTSVXERXERHXVMZMEP
GMVGYQWXERGIWERHMRXLIGSQQSRIWXGSQTER]ER][LIVIMRWLSVXFYX[LIVIXLI WSGMIX] MWFVMPPMERXERH HMWXMRKYMWLIH.S] MWPMOIXLIKSPHMRXLI%YWXVEPMERQMRIWJSYRH SRP] RS[ ERH XLIR EW MX [IVI F] XLI GETVMGI SJ GLERGI ERHEGGSVHMRKXSRSVYPISVPE[SJXIRIWXMRZIV]PMXXPIKVEMRWERHZIV]WIPHSQMRLIETW %PP XLEX SYX[EVH WLS[ [LMGL - LEZI HIWGVMFIH MW SRP] ER EXXIQTX XS
QEOITISTPIFIPMIZIXLEXMXMWVIEPP]NS][LMGLLEWGSQIXSXLIJIWXMZEPERHXSTVSHYGIXLMWMQTVIWWMSRYTSRXLIWTIGXEXSVWMWMRJEGXXLI[LSPISFNIGXSJMX
;MXLQSYVRMRKMXMWNYWXXLIWEQI8LEXPSRKJYRIVEPTVSGIWWMSRQSZMRKYTWSWPS[P]LS[QIPERGLSP]MXPSSOW[LEXERIRHPIWWVS[SJGEVVMEKIW&YXPSSOMRXS XLIQXLI] EVI EPP IQTX] XLI GSEGLQIR SJ XLI [LSPI XS[R EVI XLI WSPIIWGSVX XLI HIEH QER LEW XS LMW KVEZI )PSUYIRX TMGXYVI SJ XLI JVMIRHWLMT ERHIWXIIQ SJ XLI [SVPH 8LMW MW XLI JEPWILSSH XLI LSPPS[RIWW XLI L]TSGVMW] SJLYQEREJJEMVW
8EOI ERSXLIV I\EQTPIE VSSQJYP SJ KYIWXWMR JYPP HVIWW FIMRK VIGIMZIH [MXLKVIEXGIVIQSR]=SYGSYPHEPQSWXFIPMIZIXLEXXLMWMWERSFPIERHHMWXMRKYMWLIHGSQTER]FYXEWEQEXXIVSJJEGXMXMWGSQTYPWMSRTEMRERHFSVIHSQ[LSEVI
6ITYFPMG\ 8VERWPEXSVW 2SXI *VSQ XLI %RZEVM 7YLEMPM8LI 0MKLXW SJ'ERSTYWFIMRK XLI 4IVWMERZIVWMSRSJXLI8EFPISJ&MHTEM8VERWPEXIHF])&)EWX[MGOGLMMM7XSV]ZMT
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XLIVIEPKYIWXW*SV[LIVIQER]EVIMRZMXIHMXMWEVEFFPIIZIRMJXLI]EPP[IEVWXEVW 6IEPP] KSSH WSGMIX] MW IZIV][LIVI SJ RIGIWWMX] ZIV] WQEPP -R FVMPPMERXJIWXMZEPW ERH RSMW] IRXIVXEMRQIRXW XLIVI MW EP[E]W EX FSXXSQ E WIRWI SJ
IQTXMRIWW TVIZEPIRX % JEPWI XSRI MW XLIVI WYGL KEXLIVMRKW EVI MR WXVERKI
GSRXVEWX[MXLXLIQMWIV]ERHFEVVIRRIWWSJSYVI\MWXIRGI8LIGSRXVEWXFVMRKWXLIXVYI GSRHMXMSR MRXS KVIEXIV VIPMIJ 7XMPP XLIWI KEXLIVMRKW EVIIJJIGXMZI JVSQ XLISYXWMHI ERH XLEX MW NYWX XLIMV TYVTSWI 'LEQJSVX QEOIW XLI I\GIPPIRX VIQEVO
XLEX WSGMIX]PIW GIVGPIW PIW WEPSRW GI UYSR ETTIPPI PI QSRHIMW PMOI EQMWIVEFPITPE]SVEFEHSTIVE[MXLSYXER]MRXIVIWXMRMXWIPJFYXWYTTSVXIHJSVEXMQIF]QIGLERMGEPEMHGSWXYQIWERHWGIRIV]
%RHWSXSS[MXLEGEHIQMIWERHGLEMVWSJTLMPSWSTL]=SYLEZIEOMRHSJWMKRFSEVHLYRKSYXXSWLS[XLIETTEVIRXEFSHISJ[MWHSQFYX[MWHSQMWERSXLIVKYIWX[LSHIGPMRIWXLIMRZMXEXMSRWLIMWXSFIJSYRHIPWI[LIVI8LIGLMQMRKSJ
FIPPWIGGPIWMEWXMGEPQMPPMRIV]EXXMXYHIWSJHIZSXMSRMRWERIERXMGWXLIWIEVIXLITVIXIRGIXLIJEPWIWLS[SJTMIX]%RHWSSR)ZIV]XLMRKMRXLI[SVPHMWPMOIELSPPS[RYXXLIVIMWPMXXPIOIVRIPER][LIVIERH[LIRMXHSIWI\MWXMXMWWXMPPQSVIVEVIXSJMRHMXMRXLIWLIPP=SYQE]PSSOJSVMXIPWI[LIVIERHJMRHMXEWEVYPI
SRP]F]GLERGI
7)'8-32
8SIWXMQEXIEQERWGSRHMXMSRMRVIKEVHXSLETTMRIWWMXMWRIGIWWEV]XSEWORSX[LEXXLMRKWTPIEWILMQFYX[LEXXLMRKWXVSYFPILMQERHXLIQSVIXVMZMEPXLIWI
XLMRKWEVIMRXLIQWIPZIWXLILETTMIVXLIQER[MPPFI8SFIMVVMXEXIHF]XVMJPIWEQERQYWXFI[IPPSJJJSVMRQMWJSVXYRIWXVMJPIWEVIYRJIPX
7)'8-32
'EVI WLSYPH FI XEOIR RSX XS FYMPH XLI LETTMRIWW SJ PMJI YTSR E FVSEHJSYRHEXMSRRSX XS VIUYMVI E KVIEX QER] XLMRKW MR SVHIV XS FI LETT] *SVLETTMRIWWSR WYGL EJSYRHEXMSR MWXLI QSWXIEWMP] YRHIVQMRIHMX SJJIVW QER]QSVI STTSVXYRMXMIW JSV EGGMHIRXW ERH EGGMHIRXW EVI EP[E]W LETTIRMRK 8LI
EVGLMXIGXYVISJLETTMRIWWJSPPS[WETPERMRXLMWVIWTIGXNYWXXLISTTSWMXISJXLEX
EHSTXIH MRIZIV] SXLIVGEWI[LIVIXLI FVSEHIWXJSYRHEXMSR SJJIVWXLI KVIEXIWXWIGYVMX]%GGSVHMRKP] XSVIHYGI]SYV GPEMQW XSXLI PS[IWX TSWWMFPIHIKVII MRGSQTEVMWSR[MXL]SYVQIERWSJ[LEXIZIVOMRHXLIWIQE]FIMWXLIWYVIWX[E]SJEZSMHMRKI\XVIQIQMWJSVXYRI
8VERWPEXSVW2SXI 2MGLSPEW 'LEQJSVX E *VIRGL QMWGIPPERISYW [VMXIV [LSWI
FVMPPMERX GSRZIVWEXMSR TS[IV SJ [LSWI FVMPPMERX GSRZIVWEXMSR TS[IV SJ WEVGEWQ ERHITMKVEQQMG JSVGI GSYTPIH [MXL ER I\XVESVHMREV] GEVIIVVIRHIV LMQ SRI SJ XLI QSWXMRXIVIWXMRKERHVIQEVOEFPIQIRSJLMWXMQI7GLSTIRLEYIVYRHSYFXIHP]S[IHQYGLXSXLMW[VMXIVXS[LSQLIGSRWXERXP]VIJIVW
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8SQEOII\XIRWMZITVITEVEXMSRWJSVPMJIRSQEXXIV[LEXJSVQXLI]QE]XEOIMWSRISJXLIKVIEXIWXERHGSQQSRIWXSJJSPPMIW7YGLTVITEVEXMSRWTVIWYTTSWIMRXLI JMVWX TPEGI E PSRK PMJI XLI JYPP ERH GSQTPIXI XIVQ SJ ]IEVW ETTSMRXIH XS
QERERHLS[JI[VIEGLMXERHIZIRMJMXFIVIEGLIHMXMWWXMPPXSSWLSVXJSVEPP
XLITPERWXLEXLEZIFIIRQEHIJSVXSGEVV]XLIQSYXVIUYMXIWQSVIXMQIXLER[EWXLSYKLXRIGIWWEV]EXXLIFIKMRRMRK%RHXLIRLS[QER]QMWGLERGIWERHSFWXEGPIW WXERH MR XLI [E] LS[ WIPHSQ XLI KSEP MW IZIV VIEGLIH MR LYQER
EJJEMVW
%RH PEWXP] IZIR XLSYKLXLI KSEP WLSYPHFIVIEGLIH XLI GLERKIW [LMGL8MQI[SVOW MR YW LEZI FIIR PIJX SYX SJ XLI VIGOSRMRK [I JSVKIX XLEX XLI GETEGMX]
[LIXLIVJSVEGLMIZIQIRXSVJSVIRNS]QIRXHSIWRSXPEWXE[LSPIPMJIXMQI7S[ISJXIRXSMPJSVXLMRKW[LMGLEVIRSPSRKIVWYMXIHXSYW[LIR[IEXXEMRXLIQERHEKEMRXLI]IEVW[IWTIRHMRTVITEVMRKJSVWSQI[SVOYRGSRWGMSYWP]VSFYWSJ
XLITS[IVJSVGEVV]MRKMXSYX
,S[ SJXIR MX LETTIRW XLEX E QER MW YREFPI XS IRNS] XLI [IEPXL [LMGL LIEGUYMVIHEXWSQYGLXVSYFPIERHVMWOERHXLEXXLIJVYMXWSJLMWPEFSVEVIVIWIVZIH
JSVSXLIVWSVXLEXLIMWMRGETEFPISJJMPPMRKXLITSWMXMSR[LMGLLILEW[SREJXIVWS QER] ]IEVW SJ XSMP ERH WXVYKKPI *SVXYRI LEW GSQI XSS PEXI JSV LMQ SV
GSRXVEVMP] LI LEW GSQI XSS PEXI JSV JSVXYRI[LIR JSV MRWXERGI LI [ERXW XSEGLMIZIKVIEXXLMRKWWE]MREVXSVPMXIVEXYVIXLITSTYPEVXEWXILEWGLERKIHMX
QE]FIERI[KIRIVEXMSRLEWKVS[RYT[LMGLXEOIWRSMRXIVIWXMRLMW[SVOSXLIVWLEZIKSRIEWLSVXIV[E]ERHKSXXLIWXEVXSJLMQ8LIWIEVIXLIJEGXWSJ
PMJI[LMGL,SVEGIQYWXLEZILEHMRZMI[[LIRLIPEQIRXIHXLIYWIPIWWRIWWSJEPPEHZMGI
UYMHIXIVRMWQMRSVIQ'SRWMPMMWERMQYQJEXMKEW#
8LIGEYWISJXLMWGSQQSRIWXSJEPPJSPPMIWMWXLEXSTXMGEPMPPYWMSRSJXLIQMRHJVSQ [LMGL IZIV]SRI WYJJIVW QEOMRK PMJI EX MXW FIKMRRMRK WIIQ SJ PSRKHYVEXMSRERHEXMXWIRH[LIRSRIPSSOWFEGOSZIVXLIGSYVWISJMXLS[WLSVXEXMQIMXWIIQW8LIVIMWWSQIEHZERXEKIMRXLIMPPYWMSRFYXJSVMXRSKVIEX[SVO[SYPHIZIVFIHSRI
3YV PMJI MW PMOI E NSYVRI] SR [LMGL EW [I EHZERGI XLI PERHWGETI XEOIW EHMJJIVIRX ZMI[ JVSQ XLEX [LMGLMXTVIWIRXIHEXJMVWX ERH GLERKIW EKEMR EW[IGSQI RIEVIV 8LMW MWNYWX [LEXLETTIRWIWTIGMEPP] [MXLSYV[MWLIW;ISJXIRJMRH WSQIXLMRK IPWIRE] WSQIXLMRK FIXXIV XLER [LEX [IEVIPSSOMRK JSV ERH[LEX[IPSSOJSV[ISJXIRJMRHSREZIV]HMJJIVIRXTEXLJVSQXLEXSR[LMGL[IFIKER E ZEMR WIEVGL -RWXIEH SJ JMRHMRK EW [I I\TIGXIH TPIEWYVI LETTMRIWW
NS] [I KIX I\TIVMIRGI MRWMKLX ORS[PIHKIE VIEP ERH TIVQERIRX FPIWWMRK
MRWXIEHSJEJPIIXMRKERHMPPYWSV]SRI3HIW--\M
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8LMWMWXLIXLSYKLXXLEXVYRWXLVSYKL;MPOIPQ1IMWXIVPMOIXLIFEWWMRETMIGISJQYWMG-RXLMW[SVOSJ+SIXLIW[ILEZIE RSZIPSJXLIMRXIPPIGXYEPOMRHERHXLIVIJSVIWYTIVMSVXSEPPSXLIVWIZIRXS7MV;EPXIV7GSXXW[LMGLEVISRIERHEPPIXLMGEPMRSXLIV[SVHWXLI]XVIEXSJLYQERREXYVISRP]JVSQXLIWMHISJXLI[MPP7SXSSMRXLI>EYFIVJPSIXIXLEXKVSXIWUYIFYXWXMPPWMKRMJMGERXERHIZIRLMIVSKP]TLMGXLIWEQIXLSYKLXMWW]QFSPM^IHFYXMRKVIEXGSEVWIPMRIWQYGL
MRXLI[E]MR[LMGLWGIRIV]MWTEMRXIH,IVIXLIW]QFSP[SYPHFIGSQTPIXIMJ8EQMRS [IVI MR XLI IRH XS FI GYVIH SJ LMW HIWMVI XS TSWWIWW 8EMRMRE ERH
VIGIMZIHMRLIVWXIEHMRMXMEXMSRMRXSXLIQ]WXIVMIWSJXLI8IQTPISJ;MWHSQ-XMW UYMXI VMKLX JSV 4ETEKIRS LMW RIGIWWEV] GSRXVEWX XS WYGGIIH MR KIXXMRK LMW
4ETEKIRE
1IRSJER][SVXLSVZEPYIWSSRGSQIXSWIIXLEXXLI]EVIMRXLILERHWSJ*EXI
ERH KVEXIJYPP]WYFQMXXS FIQSYPHIHF]MXW XIEGLMRKW 8LI]VIGSKRM^I XLEX XLIJVYMX SJ PMJI MW I\TIVMIRGI ERH RSX LETTMRIWW XLI] FIGSQI EGGYWXSQIH ERHGSRXIRX XS I\GLERKI LSTI JSV MRWMKLX ERH MR XLI IRH XLI] GER WE] [MXL4IXVEVGLXLEXEPPXLI]GEVIJSVMWXSPIEVR
%PXVSHMPIXXSGLIQTEVEVRSRTVSZS
-XQE]IZIRFIXLEXXLI]XSWSQII\XIRXWXMPPJSPPS[XLIMVSPH[MWLIWERHEMQWXVMJPMRK [MXLXLIQEW MX[IVI JSV XLI WEOISJETTIEVERGIW EPP XLI [LMPIVIEPP]ERHWIVMSYWP]PSSOMRKJSVRSXLMRKFYXMRWXVYGXMSRETVSGIWW[LMGLPIRHWXLIQER
EMVSJKIRMYWEXVEMXSJWSQIXLMRKGSRXIQTPEXMZIERHWYFPMQI
-R XLIMV WIEVGL JSV KSPH XLI EPGLIQMWXW HMWGSZIVIH SXLIV XLMRKWKYRTS[HIV
GLMRE QIHMGMRIW XLI PE[W SJ REXYVI 8LIVI MW E WIRWI MR [LMGL [I EVI EPPEPGLIQMWXW
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CHAPTER II.
3YV6IPEXMSR8S3YVWIPZIW
7)'8-32
8LIQEWSRIQTPS]IHSRXLIFYMPHMRKSJELSYWIQE]FIUYMXIMKRSVERXSJMXWKIRIVEPHIWMKRSVEXER]VEXILIQE]RSXOIITMXGSRWXERXP]MRQMRH7SMXMW[MXL QER MR [SVOMRK XLVSYKL XLI HE]W ERH LSYVW SJ LMW PMJI LI XEOIW PMXXPIXLSYKLXSJMXWGLEVEGXIVEWE[LSPI
-JXLIVIMWER]QIVMXSVMQTSVXERGIEXXEGLMRKXSEQERWGEVIIVMJLIPE]WLMQWIPJSYXGEVIJYPP]JSVWSQIWTIGMEP[SVOMXMWEPPXLIQSVIRIGIWWEV]ERHEHZMWEFPI
JSV LMQ XS XYVR LMW EXXIRXMSR RS[ ERH XLIR XS MXWTPER XLEX MW XS WE] XLIQMRMEXYVI WOIXGL SJ MXW KIRIVEP SYXPMRIW 3J GSYVWI XS HS XLEX LI QYWX LEZIETTPMIH XLI QE\MQ ?+VIIO +RSXLM WIEYXSRA LI QYWX LEZI QEHI WSQI PMXXPITVSKVIWW MR XLI EVX SJ YRHIVWXERHMRK LMQWIPJ ,I QYWX ORS[ [LEX MW LMW VIEPGLMIJERHJSVIQSWXSFNIGXMRPMJI[LEXMXMWXLEXLIQSWX[ERXWMRSVHIVXSFILETT] ERH XLIR EJXIV XLEX [LEX SGGYTMIW XLI WIGSRH ERH XLMVH TPEGI MR LMWXLSYKLXWLIQYWXJMRHSYX[LEXSRXLI[LSPILMWZSGEXMSRVIEPP]MWXLITEVXLILEWXSTPE]LMWKIRIVEPVIPEXMSRXSXLI[SVPH-JLIQETWSYXMQTSVXERX[SVOJSVLMQWIPJSRKVIEXPMRIWEKPERGIEXXLMWQMRMEXYVITPERSJLMWPMJI[MPPQSVIXLER
ER]XLMRKIPWIWXMQYPEXIVSYWIERHIRRSFPILMQYVKILMQSRXSEGXMSRERHOIITLMQJVSQJEPWITEXLW
%KEMRNYWXEWXLIXVEZIPIVSRVIEGLMRKELIMKLXKIXWEGSRRIGXIHZMI[SZIVXLI
VSEHLILEWXEOIR[MXLMXWQER]XYVRWERH[MRHMRKWWSMXMWSRP][LIR[ILEZIGSQTPIXIH E TIVMSH MR SYV PMJI SV ETTVSEGL XLI IRH SJ MX EPXSKIXLIV XLEX [IVIGSKRM^I XLI XVYI GSRRIGXMSR FIX[IIR EPP SYV EGXMSRW[LEX MX MW [I LEZIEGLMIZIH[LEX[SVO[ILEZIHSRI-XMWSRP]XLIRXLEX[IWIIXLITVIGMWIGLEMRSJGEYWIERHIJJIGXERHXLII\EGXZEPYISJEPPSYVIJJSVXW*SVEWPSRKEW[IEVIEGXYEPP] IRKEKIH MR XLI [SVO SJ PMJI [I EP[E]W EGX MR EGGSVHERGI [MXL XLI
REXYVISJSYVGLEVEGXIVYRHIVXLIMRJPYIRGISJQSXMZIERH[MXLMRXLIPMQMXWSJSYV GETEGMX]MR E [SVH JVSQ FIKMRRMRK XS IRH YRHIV E PE[ SJRIGIWWMX]EXIZIV] QSQIRX [I HS NYWX [LEX ETTIEVW XS YW VMKLX ERH TVSTIV -X MW SRP]EJXIV[EVHW[LIR[IGSQIXSPSSOFEGOEXXLI[LSPIGSYVWISJSYVPMJIERHMXWKIRIVEPVIWYPXXLEX[IWIIXLI[L]ERH[LIVIJSVISJMXEPP
;LIR[IEVIEGXYEPP]HSMRKWSQIKVIEXHIIHSVGVIEXMRKWSQIMQQSVXEP[SVO
[IEVIRSXGSRWGMSYWSJMXEWWYGL[IXLMROSRP]SJWEXMWJ]MRKTVIWIRXEMQWSJJYPJMPPMRKXLIMRXIRXMSRW[ILETTIRXSLEZIEXXLIXMQISJHSMRKXLIVMKLXXLMRKEX
XLIQSQIRX-XMWSRP][LIR[IGSQIXSZMI[SYVPMJIEWEGSRRIGXIH[LSPIXLEX
SYV GLEVEGXIV ERH GETEGMXMIW WLS[ XLIQWIPZIW MR XLIMV XVYI PMKLX XLEX [I WIILS[MRTEVXMGYPEVMRWXERGIWWSQILETT]MRWTMVEXMSREWMX[IVIPIHYWXSGLSSWI
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XLISRP]XVYITEXLSYXSJEXLSYWERH[LMGLQMKLXLEZIFVSYKLXYWXSVYMR-X[EWSYVKIRMYWXLEXKYMHIHYWEJSVGIJIPXMRXLIEJJEMVWSJXLIMRXIPPIGXYEPEWMRXLSWISJXLI[SVPHERH[SVOMRKF]MXWHIJIGXNYWXMRXLIWEQI[E]MRVIKEVHXSIZMP
ERHHMWEWXIV
7)'8-32
%RSXLIVMQTSVXERXIPIQIRXMRXLI[MWIGSRHYGXSJPMJIMWXSTVIWIVZIETVSTIVTVSTSVXMSRFIX[IIRSYVXLSYKLXJSVXLITVIWIRXERHSYVXLSYKLXJSVXLIJYXYVIMRSVHIVRSXXSWTSMPXLISRIF]TE]MRKSZIVKVIEXEXXIRXMSRXSXLISXLIV1ER]PMZIXSSPSRKMRXLITVIWIRXJVMZSPSYWTISTPI-QIERSXLIVWXSSQYGLMRXLIJYXYVIIZIVER\MSYWERHJYPPSJGEVI-XMWWIPHSQXLEXEQERLSPHWXLIVMKLXFEPERGIFIX[IIR XLI X[S I\XVIQIW 8LSWI [LS WXVMZI ERH LSTI ERH PMZI SRP] MR XLIJYXYVI EP[E]W PSSOMRK ELIEH ERH MQTEXMIRXP] ERXMGMTEXMRK [LEX MW GSQMRK EW
WSQIXLMRK[LMGL[MPPQEOIXLIQLETT][LIRXLI]KIXMXEVIMRWTMXISJXLIMVZIV]GPIZIVEMVWI\EGXP]PMOIXLSWIHSROI]WSRIWIIWMR-XEP][LSWITEGIQE]FILYVVMIHF]JM\MRKEWXMGOSRXLIMVLIEHW[MXLE[MWTSJLE]EXXLIIRHSJMXXLMW MW EP[E]W NYWX MR JVSRX SJ XLIQ ERH XLI] OIIT SR XV]MRK XS KIX MX 7YGL
TISTPIEVIMREGSRWXERXWXEXISJMPPYWMSREWXSXLIMV[LSPII\MWXIRGIXLI]KSSRPMZMRKEHMRXIVMQYRXMPEXPEWXXLI]HMI
-RWXIEHXLIVIJSVISJEP[E]WXLMROMRKEFSYXSYVTPERWERHER\MSYWP]PSSOMRKXSXLI JYXYVI SV SJ KMZMRK SYVWIPZIW YT XS VIKVIX JSV XLI TEWX [I WLSYPH RIZIVJSVKIX XLEX XLI TVIWIRX MW XLI SRP] VIEPMX] XLI SRP] GIVXEMRX] XLEX XLI JYXYVI
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
?+VIIOEPPEXEQIRTVSXYGLXLEMIEWSQIREGLRYQIRSMTIVXYQLSRIRMWXEIXLIWWMTLMPSRHEQEWRXIWLEREROEIA
ERHSJXLIJYXYVIEWSJXLEX[LMGLPMIWFI]SRHSYVTS[IVMRXLIPETSJXLIKSHW-PMEH\M\
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?+VIIOEPPEIXSMQIRXEYXEXLISRIRKSYREWMOIMXEMA
&YXMRVIKEVHXSXLITVIWIRXPIXYWVIQIQFIV7IRIGEWEHZMGIERHPMZIIEGLHE]EWMJMX[IVISYV[LSPIPMJIWMRKYPEWHMIWWMRKYPEWZMXEWTYXEPIXYWQEOIMXEW
EKVIIEFPIEWTSWWMFPIMXMWXLISRP]VIEPXMQI[ILEZI
3RP] XLSWI IZMPW [LMGL EVI WYVI XS GSQI EX E HIJMRMXI HEXI LEZI ER] VMKLX XSHMWXYVFYWERHLS[JI[XLIVIEVI[LMGLJYPJMPPXLMWHIWGVMTXMSR*SVIZMPWEVISJX[SOMRHWIMXLIVXLI]EVITSWWMFPISRP]EXQSWXTVSFEFPISVXLI]EVIMRIZMXEFPI)ZIRMRXLIGEWISJIZMPW[LMGLEVIWYVIXSLETTIRXLIXMQIEX[LMGLXLI][MPPLETTIRMWYRGIVXEMR%QER[LSMWEP[E]WTVITEVMRKJSVIMXLIVGPEWWSJIZMP[MPPRSXLEZIEQSQIRXSJTIEGIPIJXLMQ7SMJ[IEVIRSXXSPSWIEPPGSQJSVXMRPMJIXLVSYKLXLIJIEVSJIZMPWWSQISJ[LMGLEVIYRGIVXEMRMRXLIQWIPZIWERHSXLIVW
MRXLIXMQIEX[LMGLXLI][MPPSGGYV[IWLSYPHPSSOYTSRXLISRIOMRHEWRIZIVPMOIP]XSLETTIRERHXLISXLIVEWRSXPMOIP]XSLETTIRZIV]WSSR
2S[XLIPIWWSYVTIEGISJQMRHMWHMWXYVFIHF]JIEVXLIQSVIPMOIP]MXMWXSFI
EKMXEXIH F] HIWMVI ERH I\TIGXEXMSR 8LMW MW XLI XVYI QIERMRK SJ XLEX WSRK SJ+SIXLIW[LMGLMWWYGLEJEZSVMXI[MXLIZIV]SRI-GLLEFQIMR7EGLEYJRMGLXWKIWXIPPX-XMWSRP]EJXIVEQERLEWKSXVMHSJEPPTVIXIRWMSRERHXEOIRVIJYKIMRQIVIYRIQFIPPMWLIHI\MWXIRGIXLEXLIMWEFPIXSEXXEMRXLEXTIEGISJQMRH[LMGLMW XLI JSYRHEXMSR SJ LYQER LETTMRIWW 4IEGI SJ QMRH XLEX MW WSQIXLMRKIWWIRXMEP XS ER] IRNS]QIRX SJ XLI TVIWIRX QSQIRX ERH YRPIWW MXW WITEVEXI
QSQIRXWEVIIRNS]IHXLIVIMWERIRHSJPMJIWLETTMRIWWEWE[LSPI;IWLSYPHEP[E]WGSPPIGXXLEX8SHE]GSQIWSRP]SRGIERHRIZIVVIXYVRW;IJERG]XLEXMX[MPPGSQIEKEMRXSQSVVS[FYX 8SQSVVS[MWERSXLIVHE][LMGLMRMXWXYVRGSQIW SRGI SRP] ;I EVI ETX XS JSVKIX XLEX IZIV] HE] MW ER MRXIKVEP ERHXLIVIJSVIMVVITPEGIEFPITSVXMSRSJPMJIERHXSPSSOYTSRPMJIEWXLSYKLMX[IVIEGSPPIGXMZIMHIESVREQI[LMGLHSIWRSXWYJJIVMJSRISJXLIMRHMZMHYEPWMXGSZIVWMWHIWXVS]IH
;IWLSYPHFIQSVIPMOIP]XSETTVIGMEXIERHIRNS]XLITVIWIRXMJMRXLSWIKSSH
HE]W[LIR[IEVI[IPPERHWXVSRK[IHMHRSXJEMPXSVIJPIGXLS[MRWMGORIWWERH
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
QSQIRXW [I WLSYPH LSRSV RIZIV JEMPMRK XS VIQIQFIV XLEX XLI IFFMRK XMHI MW
IZIR LS[ LYVV]MRK XLIQ MRXS XLI TEWX [LIVI QIQSV] [MPP WXSVI XLIQ-FMH\ZMM
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XVERWJMKYVIH ERH WLMRMRK [MXL ER MQTIVMWLEFPI PMKLXMR WSQI EJXIVXMQI ERHEFSZIEPP[LIRSYVHE]WEVIIZMPXSVEMWIXLIZIMPERHTVIWIRXXLIQEWXLISFNIGXSJSYVJSRHIWXVIKVIX
7)'8-32
0MQMXEXMSRW EP[E]W QEOI JSV LETTMRIWW ;I EVI LETT] MR TVSTSVXMSR EW SYVVERKISJZMWMSRSYVWTLIVISJ[SVOSYVTSMRXWSJGSRXEGX[MXLXLI[SVPHEVIVIWXVMGXIHERHGMVGYQWGVMFIH;IEVIQSVIPMOIP]XSJIIP[SVVMIHERHER\MSYWMJXLIWI PMQMXW EVI [MHI JSV MX QIERW XLEX SYV GEVIW HIWMVIW ERH XIVVSVW EVIMRGVIEWIHERHMRXIRWMJMIH8LEXMW[L]XLIFPMRHEVIRSXWSYRLETT]EW[IQMKLXFI MRGPMRIH XS WYTTSWI SXLIV[MWI XLIVI [SYPH RSX FI XLEX KIRXPI ERH EPQSWXWIVIRII\TVIWWMSRSJTIEGIMRXLIMVJEGIW
%RSXLIV VIEWSR [L] PMQMXEXMSR QEOIWJSV LETTMRIWW MW XLEX XLI WIGSRH LEPJ SJPMJITVSZIWIZIRQSVIHVIEV]XLEXXLIJMVWX%WXLI]IEVW[IEVSRXLILSVM^SRSJSYVEMQWERHSYVTSMRXWSJGSRXEGX[MXLXLI[SVPHFIGSQIQSVII\XIRHIH-RGLMPHLSSHSYVLSVM^SRMWPMQMXIHXSXLIREVVS[IWXWTLIVIEFSYXYWMR]SYXLXLIVIMWEPVIEH]EZIV]GSRWMHIVEFPI[MHIRMRKSJSYVZMI[MRQERLSSHMXGSQTVMWIWXLI[LSPIVERKISJSYVEGXMZMX]SJXIRWXVIXGLMRKSYXSZIVEZIV]HMWXERXWTLIVIXLIGEVIJSVMRWXERGISJE7XEXISVEREXMSRMRSPHEKIMXIQFVEGIWTSWXIVMX]
&YXIZIRMRXLIEJJEMVWSJXLIMRXIPPIGXPMQMXEXMSRMWRIGIWWEV]MJ[IEVIXSFILETT] *SV XLI PIWWXLI [MPP MW I\GMXIH XLI PIWW[I WYJJIV ;I LEZI WIIR XLEX
WYJJIVMRKMWWSQIXLMRKTSWMXMZIERHXLEXLETTMRIWWMWSRP]ERIKEXMZIGSRHMXMSR8SPMQMXXLIWTLIVISJSYX[EVHEGXMZMX]MWXSVIPMIZIXLI[MPPSJI\XIVREPWXMQYPYWXS PMQMX XLI WTLIVI SJ SYV MRXIPPIGXYEP IJJSVXW MW XS VIPMIZI XLI [MPP SJ MRXIVREPWSYVGIW SJ I\GMXIQIRX 8LMW PEXXIV OMRH SJ PMQMXEXMSR MW EXXIRHIH F] XLIHMWEHZERXEKI XLEX MX STIRW XLI HSSV XS FSVIHSQ [LMGL MW E HMVIGX WSYVGI SJGSYRXPIWW WYJJIVMRKW JSV XS FERMWL FSVIHSQ E QER [MPP LEZI VIGSYVWI XS ER]QIERW XLEX QE] FI LERH]HMWWMTEXMSR WSGMIX] I\XVEZEKERGI KEQMRK ERHHVMROMRK ERH XLI PMOI [LMGL MR XLIMV XYVR FVMRK QMWGLMIJ VYMR ERH QMWIV] MRXLIMV XVEMR (MJJMGMPIW MR SXMS UYMIWMX MW HMJJMGYPX XS OIIT UYMIX MJ ]SY LEZIRSXLMRK XS HS 8LEX PMQMXEXMSR MR XLI WTLIVISJSYX[EVH EGXMZMX] MW GSRHYGMZIRE]IZIRRIGIWWEV]XSLYQERLETTMRIWWWYGLEW MXMWQE]FIWIIRMRXLIJEGXXLEXXLISRP]OMRHSJTSIXV][LMGLHITMGXWQIRMRELETT]WXEXISJPMJI-H]PPMGTSIXV]-QIEREP[E]WEMQWEWERMRXVMRWMGTEVXSJMXWXVIEXQIRXEXVITVIWIRXMRKXLIQMRZIV]WMQTPIERHVIWXVMGXIHGMVGYQWXERGIW-XMWXLMWJIIPMRKXSS[LMGLMWEXXLIFSXXSQSJXLITPIEWYVI[IXEOIMR[LEXEVIGEPPIHKIRVITMGXYVIW
7MQTPMGMX] XLIVIJSVI EW JEV EW MX GER FI EXXEMRIH ERH IZIRQSRSXSR] MR SYVQERRIV SJ PMJI MJ MX HSIW RSX QIER XLEX [I EVI FSVIH [MPP GSRXVMFYXI XS
LETTMRIWW NYWX FIGEYWI YRHIV WYGL GMVGYQWXERGIW PMJI ERH GSRWIUYIRXP] XLI
FYVHIR [LMGL MW XLI IWWIRXMEP GSRGSQMXERX SJ PMJI [MPP FI PIEWX JIPX 3YV
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I\MWXIRGI[MPPKPMHISRTIEGIJYPP]PMOIEWXVIEQ[LMGLRS[EZIWSV[LMVPTSSPWHMWXYVF
7)'8-32
;LIXLIV [IEVI MRE TPIEWERX SV E TEMRJYP WXEXIHITIRHWYPXMQEXIP]YTSR XLIOMRH SJQEXXIV XLEX TIVZEHIWERH IRKVSWWIWSYV GSRWGMSYWRIWW -RXLMW VIWTIGXTYVIP]MRXIPPIGXYEPSGGYTEXMSRJSVXLIQMRHXLEXMWGETEFPISJMX[MPPEWEVYPIHSQYGLQSVIMRXLI[E]SJLETTMRIWWXLERER]JSVQSJTVEGXMGEPPMJI[MXLMXWGSRWXERXEPXIVREXMSRWSJWYGGIWWERHJEMPYVIERHEPP XLI WLSGOWERHXSVQIRXWMXTVSHYGIW &YX MX QYWX FI GSRJIWWIH XLEX JSV WYGL SGGYTEXMSR E TVIIQMRIRXEQSYRX SJMRXIPPIGXYEPGETEGMX] MWRIGIWWEV]%RH MRXLMWGSRRIGXMSRMXQE]FIRSXIHXLEXNYWX EWE PMJI HIZSXIH XSSYX[EVH EGXMZMX][MPP HMWXVEGXERH HMZIVX EQERJVSQWXYH]ERHEPWSHITVMZILMQSJXLEXUYMIXGSRGIRXVEXMSRSJQMRH[LMGL
MWRIGIWWEV]JSVWYGL[SVOWSSRXLISXLIVLERHEPSRKGSYVWISJXLSYKLX[MPPQEOILMQQSVISVPIWWYRJMXJSVXLIRSMW]TYVWYMXWSJVIEPPMJI-XMWEHZMWEFPIXLIVIJSVI XSWYWTIRHQIRXEP [SVOJSV E[LMPI MJGMVGYQWXERGIWLETTIR [LMGLHIQERHER]HIKVIISJIRIVK]MREJJEMVWSJETVEGXMGEPREXYVI
7)'8-32
8S PMZI E PMJI XLEX WLEPP FI IRXMVIP] TVYHIRX ERH HMWGVIIX ERH XS HVE[ JVSQI\TIVMIRGIEPPXLIMRWXVYGXMSRMXGSRXEMRWMXMWVIUYMWMXIXSFIGSRWXERXP]XLMROMRKFEGOXS QEOI E OMRH SJ VIGETMXYPEXMSR SJ [LEX [I LEZI HSRI SJ SYV
MQTVIWWMSRWERHWIRWEXMSRWXSGSQTEVISYVJSVQIV[MXLSYVTVIWIRXNYHKQIRXW[LEX [I WIX FIJSVI YW ERH WXVYKKPI XS EGLMIZI [MXL XLI EGXYEP VIWYPX ERHWEXMWJEGXMSR [I LEZI SFXEMRIH 8S HS XLMW MW XS KIX E VITIXMXMSR SJ XLI TVMZEXIPIWWSRWSJI\TIVMIRGIPIWWSRW[LMGLEVIKMZIRXSIZIV]SRI
)\TIVMIRGI SJ XLI [SVPH QE] FI PSSOIH YTSR EW E OMRH SJ XI\X XS [LMGLVIJPIGXMSR ERH ORS[PIHKI JSVQ XLI GSQQIRXEV] ;LIVI XLIVI MW KVIEX HIEP SJ
VIJPIGXMSR ERH MRXIPPIGXYEP ORS[PIHKI ERH ZIV] PMXXPI I\TIVMIRGI XLI VIWYPX MWPMOI XLSWI FSSOW [LMGL LEZI SR IEGL TEKI X[S PMRIW SJ XI\X XS JSVX] PMRIW SJ
GSQQIRXEV] % KVIEX HIEP SJ I\TIVMIRGI [MXL PMXXPI VIJPIGXMSR ERH WGERX
ORS[PIHKIKMZIWYWFSSOWPMOIXLSWI SJXLIIHMXMS&MTSRXMRE[LIVIXLIVIEVIRSRSXIWERHQYGLXLEXMWYRMRXIPPMKMFPI
8LIEHZMGILIVIKMZIRMWSRETEV[MXLEVYPIVIGSQQIRHIHF]4]XLEKSVEWXS
VIZMI[IZIV]RMKLXFIJSVIKSMRKXSWPIIT[LEX[ILEZIHSRIHYVMRKXLIHE]8SPMZI EX VERHSQ MR XLI LYVP]FYVP] SJ FYWMRIWW SV TPIEWYVI [MXLSYX IZIV
VIJPIGXMRKYTSRXLITEWXXSKSSREWMX[IVITYPPMRKGSXXSRSJJXLIVIIPSJPMJIMWXSLEZIRSGPIEVMHIESJ[LEX[IEVIEFSYXERHEQER[LSPMZIWMRXLMWWXEXI
8VERWPEXSVW2SXI%WIVMIWSJ+VIIO0EXMRERH*VIRGLGPEWWMGWTYFPMWLIHEX>[IMFVEIGOIRMR XLI 4EPEXMREXI JVSQ ERH EJXIV XLI ]IEV 'J &YXXIV9IFIVHMI &MTSRXMRIV YRH HMIIHMXMSRIW&MTSRXMREI
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[MPPLEZIGLESWMRLMWIQSXMSRWERHGIVXEMRGSRJYWMSRMRLMWXLSYKLXWEWMWWSSRQERMJIWX F] XLI EFVYTX ERH JVEKQIRXEV] GLEVEGXIV SJ LMW GSRZIVWEXMSR [LMGLFIGSQIWEOMRHSJQMRGIQIEX%QER[MPPFIEPPXLIQSVII\TSWIHXSXLMWJEXIMR
TVSTSVXMSR EW LI PMZIW E VIWXPIWW PMJI MR XLI [SVPH EQMH E GVS[H SJ ZEVMSYW
MQTVIWWMSRWERH[MXLEGSVVIWTSRHMRKP]WQEPPEQSYRXSJEGXMZMX]SRXLITEVXSJLMWS[RQMRH%RHMRXLMWGSRRIGXMSRMX[MPPFIMRTPEGIXSSFWIVZIXLEX[LIRIZIRXWERHGMVGYQWXERGIW[LMGLLEZIMRJPYIRGIHYWTEWWE[E]MRXLIGSYVWISJ
XMQI [I EVI YREFPI XS FVMRK FEGO ERH VIRI[ XLI TEVXMGYPEV QSSH SV WXEXI SJJIIPMRK[LMGLXLI]EVSYWIHMRYWFYX[IGERVIQIQFIV[LEX[I[IVIPIHXSWE]ERHHSMRVIKEVHXSXLIQERHXLYWJSVQEWMX[IVIXLIVIWYPXI\TVIWWMSRERHQIEWYVI SJ XLSWI IZIRXW ;I WLSYPH XLIVIJSVI FI GEVIJYP XS TVIWIVZI XLIQIQSV]SJSYVXLSYKLXWEXMQTSVXERXTSMRXWMRSYVPMJIERHLIVIMRPMIWXLIKVIEXEHZERXEKISJOIITMRKENSYVREP
7)'8-32
8SFIWIPJWYJJMGMIRXXSFIEPPMREPPXSSRIWIPJXS[ERXJSVRSXLMRKXSFIEFPIXSWE] SQRME QIE QIGYQ TSVXSXLEX MW EWWYVIHP] XLI GLMIJ UYEPMJMGEXMSR JSVLETTMRIWW,IRGI%VMWXSXPIWVIQEVO?+VIIOLEIIYHEMQSRMEXSREYXEVGLSRIWXMAXSFILETT]QIERWXSFIWIPJWYJJMGMIRXGERRSXFIXSSSJXIRVITIEXIH-XMWEX
FSXXSQXLI WEQI XLSYKLX EW MW TVIWIRX MR XLI ZIV] [IPPXYVRIH WIRXIRGI JVSQ'LEQJSVX
0IFSRLIYVRIWXTEWGLSWIEMWIIMPIWXXVIWHMJJMGMPIHIPIXVSYZIV
IRRSYWIXMQTSWWMFPIHIPIXVSYZIVEMPPIYVW
*SV [LMPI E QER GERRSX VIGOSR [MXL GIVXEMRX] YTSR ER]SRI FYX LMQWIPJ XLIFYVHIRW ERH HMWEHZERXEKIW XLI HERKIVW ERH ERRS]ERGIW [LMGL EVMWI JVSQLEZMRKXSHS[MXLSXLIVWEVIRSXSRP]GSYRXPIWWFYXYREZSMHEFPI
8LIVIMWRSQSVIQMWXEOIRTEXLXSLETTMRIWWXLER[SVPHPMRIWWVIZIPV]LMKLPMJIJSV XLI [LSPI SFNIGX SJ MX MW XS XVERWJSVQ SYV QMWIVEFPI I\MWXIRGI MRXS EWYGGIWWMSRSJNS]WHIPMKLXWERHTPIEWYVIWETVSGIWW[LMGLGERRSXJEMPXSVIWYPX
MR HMWETTSMRXQIRX ERH HIPYWMSR SR E TEV MR XLMW VIWTIGX [MXL MXW SFPMKEXS
EGGSQTERMQIRXXLIMRXIVGLERKISJPMIW
%PP WSGMIX]RIGIWWEVMP]MRZSPZIW EWXLI JMVWXGSRHMXMSR SJMXW I\MWXIRGI QYXYEPEGGSQQSHEXMSRERHVIWXVEMRXYTSRXLITEVXSJMXWQIQFIVW8LMWQIERWXLEXXLI
PEVKIVMXMWXLIQSVIMRWMTMH[MPPFIMXWXSRI%QERGERFILMQWIPJSRP]WSPSRKEWLIMWEPSRIERHMJLIHSIWRSXPSZIWSPMXYHILI[MPPRSXPSZIJVIIHSQJSVMXMW
SRP] [LIR LI MW EPSRI XLEX LI MW VIEPP] JVII 'SRWXVEMRX MW EP[E]W TVIWIRX MR
)YHIQ)XL:--MM%WSYVFSH]MWGSRGIEPIHF]XLIGPSXLIW[I[IEVWSSYVQMRHMWZIMPIHMRPMIW8LIZIMPMW
EP[E]W XLIVI ERH MXMW SRP] XLVSYKL MXXLEX [I GER WSQIXMQIW KYIWW EX[LEX E QER VIEPP]XLMROWNYWXEWJVSQLMWGPSXLIW[IEVVMZIEXXLIKIRIVEPWLETISJLMWFSH]
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8/9/2019 SchopenhauerCounsels and Maxims
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WSGMIX]PMOIEGSQTERMSRSJ[LSQXLIVIMWRSVMHHERGIERHMRTVSTSVXMSRXSXLIKVIEXRIWWSJEQERWMRHMZMHYEPMX]MX[MPPFILEVHJSVLMQXSFIEVXLIWEGVMJMGIW[LMGL EPP MRXIVGSYVWI [MXL SXLIVW HIQERHW 7SPMXYHI [MPP FI [IPGSQIH SV
IRHYVIHSVEZSMHIHEGGSVHMRKEWEQERWTIVWSREPZEPYIMWPEVKISVWQEPPXLI
[VIXGL JIIPMRK [LIR LI MW EPSRI XLI [LSPI FYVHIR SJ LMW QMWIV] XLI KVIEXMRXIPPIGXHIPMKLXMRKMRMXWKVIEXRIWWERHIZIV]SRIMRWLSVXFIMRKNYWX[LEXLIMW
*YVXLIVMJEQERWXERHWLMKLMR2EXYVIWPMWXWMXMWREXYVEPERHMRIZMXEFPIXLEXLIWLSYPHJIIPWSPMXEV]-X[MPPFIEREHZERXEKIXSLMQMJLMWWYVVSYRHMRKWHSRSX
MRXIVJIVI[MXLXLMWJIIPMRKJSVMJLILEWXSWIIEKVIEXHIEPSJSXLIVTISTPI[LSEVIRSXSJPMOIGLEVEGXIV[MXLLMQWIPJXLI][MPPI\IVGMWIEHMWXYVFMRKMRJPYIRGI
YTSRLMQEHZIVWIXSLMWTIEGISJQMRHXLI][MPPVSFLMQMRJEGXSJLMQWIPJERHKMZILMQRSXLMRKXSGSQTIRWEXIJSVXLIPSWW
&YX[LMPI2EXYVIWIXWZIV][MHIHMJJIVIRGIWFIX[IIRQERERHQERMRVIWTIGXFSXLSJQSVEPMX]ERHSJMRXIPPIGXWSGMIX]HMWVIKEVHWERHIJJEGIWXLIQSVVEXLIVMXWIXW YTEVXMJMGMEPHMJJIVIRGIWMRXLIMVWXIEHKVEHEXMSRWSJVERO ERH TSWMXMSR[LMGLEVIZIV]SJXIRHMEQIXVMGEPP]STTSWIHXSXLSWI[LMGL2EXYVIIWXEFPMWLIW
8LIVIWYPXSJXLMWEVVERKIQIRXMWXSIPIZEXIXLSWI[LSQ2EXYVILEWTPEGIHPS[ERH XS HITVIWW XLI JI[ [LS WXERH LMKL 8LIWI PEXXIV XLIR YWYEPP] [MXLHVE[
JVSQWSGMIX][LIVIEWWSSREWMXMWEXEPPRYQIVSYWZYPKEVMX]VIMKRWWYTVIQI
;LEX SJJIRHW E KVIEX MRXIPPIGX MR WSGMIX] MW XLI IUYEPMX] SJ VMKLXW PIEHMRK XSIUYEPMX] SJ TVIXIRWMSRW [LMGL IZIV]SRI IRNS]W [LMPI EX XLI WEQI XMQI
MRIUYEPMX] SJ GETEGMX] QIERW E GSVVIWTSRHMRK HMWTEVMX] SJ WSGMEP TS[IV 7SGEPPIHKSSHWSGMIX]VIGSKRM^IWIZIV]OMRHSJGPEMQFYXXLEXSJMRXIPPIGX[LMGLMWEGSRXVEFERHEVXMGPIERHTISTPIEVII\TIGXIHXSI\LMFMXERYRPMQMXIHEQSYRXSJTEXMIRGI XS[EVHW IZIV] JSVQ SJ JSPP] ERH WXYTMHMX] TIVZIVWMX] ERH HYPPRIWW[LMPWXTIVWSREPQIVMXLEWXSFIKTEVHSREWMX[IVIJSVFIMRKTVIWIRXSVIPWIGSRGIEP MXWIPJ EPXSKIXLIV -RXIPPIGXYEP WYTIVMSVMX] SJJIRHW F] MXW ZIV]I\MWXIRGI[MXLSYXER]HIWMVIXSHSWS
8LI [SVWX SJ [LEX MW GEPPIH KSSH WSGMIX] MW RSX SRP] XLEX MX SJJIVW YW XLIGSQTERMSRWLMT SJ TISTPI [LS EVI YREFPI XS [MR IMXLIV SYV TVEMWI SV SYVEJJIGXMSRFYXXLEXMXHSIWRSXEPPS[SJSYVFIMRKXLEX[LMGL[IREXYVEPP]EVIMXGSQTIPW YW JSV XLI WEOI SJ LEVQSR] XS WLVMZIP YT SV IZIR EPXIV SYV WLETIEPXSKIXLIV-RXIPPIGXYEPGSRZIVWEXMSR[LIXLIVKVEZISVLYQSVSYWMWSRP]JMXJSVMRXIPPIGXYEP WSGMIX] MX MW HS[RVMKLX EFLSVVIRX XS SVHMREV] TISTPI XS TPIEWI[LSQMXMWEFWSPYXIP]RIGIWWEV]XSFIGSQQSRTPEGIERHHYPP8LMWHIQERHWEREGXSJWIZIVIWIPJHIRMEP[ILEZIXSJSVJIMXXLVIIJSYVXLWSJSYVWIPZIWMRSVHIVXSFIGSQIPMOISXLIVTISTPI2SHSYFXXLIMVGSQTER]QE]FIWIXHS[REKEMRWXSYVPSWWMRXLMWVIWTIGXFYXXLIQSVIEQERMW[SVXLXLIQSVILI[MPPJMRHXLEX[LEXLIKEMRWHSIWRSXGSZIV[LEXLIPSWIWERHXLEXXLIFEPERGIMWSRXLIHIFMXWMHI
SJXLIEGGSYRXJSVXLITISTPI[MXL[LSQLIHIEPWEVIKIRIVEPP]FEROVYTXXLEXMWXSWE]XLIVIMWRSXLMRKXSFIKSXJVSQXLIMVWSGMIX][LMGLGERGSQTIRWEXI
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IMXLIVJSV MXW FSVIHSQ ERRS]ERGI ERH HMWEKVIIEFPIRIWW SV JSV XLI WIPJHIRMEP[LMGL MX VIRHIVW RIGIWWEV] %GGSVHMRKP] QSWX WSGMIX] MW WS GSRWXMXYXIH EW XSSJJIVEKSSHTVSJMXXSER]SRI[LS[MPPI\GLERKIMXJSVWSPMXYHI
2SVMWXLMWEPP&][E] SJTVSZMHMRKEWYFWXMXYXI JSV VIEP-QIERMRXIPPIGXYEP
WYTIVMSVMX][LMGL MWWIPHSQ XSFI QIX [MXLERH MRXSPIVEFPI[LIRMXMW JSYRHWSGMIX]LEWGETVMGMSYWP]EHSTXIHEJEPWIOMRHSJWYTIVMSVMX]GSRZIRXMSREPMRMXW
GLEVEGXIVERHVIWXMRKYTSREVFMXVEV]TVMRGMTPIWEXVEHMXMSREWMX[IVILERHIHHS[RMRXLILMKLIVGMVGPIWERHPMOIETEWW[SVHWYFNIGXXSEPXIVEXMSR-VIJIVXS
FSRXSRJEWLMSR;LIRIZIVXLMWOMRHSJWYTIVMSVMX]GSQIWMRXSGSPPMWMSR[MXLXLIVIEPOMRHMXW[IEORIWWMWQERMJIWX1SVISZIVXLITVIWIRGISJKSSHXSRIQIERWXLIEFWIRGISJKSSHWIRWI
2S QER GER FI MRTIVJIGXEGGSVH [MXL ER] SRI FYX LMQWIPJRSX IZIR [MXL E
JVMIRHSVXLITEVXRIVSJLMWPMJIHMJJIVIRGIWSJMRHMZMHYEPMX]ERHXIQTIVEQIRXEVIEP[E]WFVMRKMRKMRWSQIHIKVIISJHMWGSVHXLSYKLMXQE]FIEZIV]WPMKLXSRI8LEX KIRYMRITVSJSYRHTIEGISJ QMRHXLEXTIVJIGX XVERUYMPMX]SJWSYP[LMGLRI\XXSLIEPXLMWXLILMKLIWXFPIWWMRKXLIIEVXLGERKMZIMWXSFIEXXEMRIHSRP]MR
WSPMXYHIERHEWETIVQERIRXQSSHSRP]MRGSQTPIXIVIXMVIQIRXERHXLIRMJXLIVI MW ER]XLMRK KVIEX ERH VMGL MR XLI QERW S[R WIPJ LMW [E] SJ PMJI MW XLI
LETTMIWXXLEXQE]FIJSYRHMRXLMW[VIXGLIH[SVPH
0IXQIWTIEOTPEMRP],S[IZIVGPSWIXLIFSRHSJJVMIRHWLMTPSZIQEVVMEKIEQER YPXMQEXIP] PSSOW XS LMQWIPJ XS LMW S[R [IPJEVI EPSRI EX QSWX XS LMW
GLMPHW XSS 8LI PIWW RIGIWWMX] XLIVI MW JSV ]SY XS GSQI MRXS GSRXEGX [MXLQEROMRHMRKIRIVEPMRXLIVIPEXMSRW[LIXLIVSJFYWMRIWWSVSJTIVWSREPMRXMQEG]XLIFIXXIVSJJ]SYEVI0SRIPMRIWWERHWSPMXYHILEZIXLIMVIZMPWMXMWXVYIFYXMJ]SYGERRSXJIIPXLIQEPPEXSRGI]SYGEREXPIEWXWII[LIVIXLI]PMISRXLISXLIVLERHWSGMIX]MWMRWMHMSYWMRXLMWVIWTIGXEWMRSJJIVMRK]SY[LEXETTIEVWXSFIXLITEWXMQISJTPIEWMRKWSGMEPMRXIVGSYVWIMX[SVOWKVIEXERHSJXIRMVVITEVEFPIQMWGLMIJ8LI]SYRKWLSYPHIEVP]FIXVEMRIHXSFIEVFIMRKPIJXEPSRIJSVMXMWEWSYVGISJLETTMRIWWERHTIEGISJQMRH
-X JSPPS[W JVSQ XLMW XLEX E QER MW FIWX SJJ MJ LI FI XLVS[R YTSR LMW S[RVIWSYVGIWERHGERFIEPPMREPPXSLMQWIPJERH'MGIVSKSIWWSJEVEWXSWE]XLEXEQER [LS MW MR XLMW GSRHMXMSR GERRSX JEMP XS FI ZIV] LETT]RIQS TSXIWX RSRFIEXMWWMQYW IWWI UYM IWX XSXYW ETXYW I\ WIWI UYMUYI MR WI YRS TSRMX SQRME8LIQSVIEQERLEWMRLMQWIPJXLIPIWWSXLIVWGERFIXSLMQ8LIJIIPMRKSJWIPJWYJJMGMIRG]MXMWXLEX[LMGLVIWXVEMRWXLSWI[LSWITIVWSREPZEPYIMWMRMXWIPJKVIEXVMGLIWJVSQWYGLGSRWMHIVEFPIWEGVMJMGIWEWEVIHIQERHIHF]MRXIVGSYVWI[MXLXLI[SVPHPIXEPSRIXLIRJVSQEGXYEPP]TVEGXMGMRKWIPJHIRMEPF]KSMRKSYXSJXLIMV[E]XSWIIOMX3VHMREV]TISTPIEVIWSGMEFPIERHGSQTPEMWERXNYWXJVSQXLI ZIV] STTSWMXI JIIPMRKXS FIEV SXLIVW GSQTER] MW IEWMIV JSV XLIQ XLER XS
FIEVXLIMVS[R1SVISZIVVIWTIGXMWRSXTEMHMRXLMW[SVPHXSXLEX[LMGLLEWVIEP4EVEHS\E7XSMHSVYQ--
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%QERSJMRXIPPIGXMWPMOIEREVXMWX[LSKMZIWEGSRGIVX[MXLSYXER]LIPTJVSQER]SRI IPWI TPE]MRK SR E WMRKPI MRWXVYQIRXE TMERS WE] [LMGL MW E PMXXPISVGLIWXVE MR MXWIPJ 7YGL E QER MW E PMXXPI [SVPH MR LMQWIPJ ERH XLI IJJIGX
TVSHYGIH F] ZEVMSYW MRWXVYQIRXW XSKIXLIV LI TVSHYGIW WMRKPILERHIH MR XLI
YRMX]SJLMWS[RGSRWGMSYWRIWW0MOIXLITMERSLILEWRSTPEGIMREW]QTLSR]LIMWEWSPSMWXERHTIVJSVQWF]LMQWIPJMRWSPMXYHIMXQE]FISVMJMRGSQTER][MXLSXLIVMRWXVYQIRXWSRP]EWTVMRGMTEPSVJSVWIXXMRKXLIXSRIEWMRWMRKMRK
,S[IZIVXLSWI[LSEVIJSRHSJWSGMIX]JVSQXMQIXSXMQIQE]TVSJMXF]XLMWWMQMPIERHPE]MXHS[REWEKIRIVEPVYPIXLEXHIJMGMIRG]SJUYEPMX]MRXLSWI[IQIIXQE]FIXSWSQII\XIRXGSQTIRWEXIHF]ERMRGVIEWIMRUYERXMX]3RIQERWGSQTER]QE]FIUYMXIIRSYKLMJLIMWGPIZIVFYX[LIVI]SYLEZISRP]SVHMREV]TISTPIXSHIEP[MXLMXMWEHZMWEFPIXSLEZIEKVIEXQER]SJXLIQWSXLEXWSQIEHZERXEKIQE]EGGVYIF]PIXXMRKXLIQEPP[SVOXSKIXLIVSRXLIEREPSK]SJXLILSVRWERHQE],IEZIRKVERX]SYTEXMIRGIJSV]SYVXEWO
8LEX QIRXEP ZEGYMX] ERH FEVVIRRIWW SJ WSYP XS [LMGL - LEZI EPPYHIH MW
VIWTSRWMFPIJSVERSXLIVQMWJSVXYRI;LIRQIRSJXLIFIXXIVGPEWWJSVQEWSGMIX]JSV TVSQSXMRK WSQI RSFPI SV MHIEP EMQ XLI VIWYPX EPQSWX EP[E]W MW XLEX XLI
MRRYQIVEFPI QSF SJ LYQERMX] GSQIW GVS[HMRK MR XSS EW MX EP[E]W HSIWIZIV][LIVI PMOI ZIVQMRXLIMV SFNIGX FIMRK XS XV] ERH KIX VMH SJ FSVIHSQ SV
WSQISXLIVHIJIGXSJXLIMVREXYVIERHER]XLMRKXLEX[MPPIJJIGXXLEXXLI]WIM^IYTSREXSRGI[MXLSYXXLIWPMKLXIWXHMWGVMQMREXMSR7SQISJXLIQ[MPPWPMTMRXS
XLEXWSGMIX]SVTYWLXLIQWIPZIWMRERHXLIRIMXLIVWSSRHIWXVS]MXEPXSKIXLIVSVEPXIVMXWSQYGLXLEXMRXLIIRHMXGSQIWXSLEZIETYVTSWIXLII\EGXSTTSWMXISJXLEX[LMGLMXLEHEXJMVWX
8LMW MW RSX XLI SRP] TSMRX SJ ZMI[ JVSQ [LMGL XLI WSGMEP MQTYPWI QE] FIVIKEVHIH 3R GSPH HE]W TISTPI QEREKI XS KIX WSQI [EVQXL F] GVS[HMRKXSKIXLIV ERH ]SY GER [EVQ ]SYV QMRH MR XLI WEQI [E]F] FVMRKMRK MX MRXS
GSRXEGX[MXLSXLIVW&YXEQER[LSLEWEKVIEXHIEPSJMRXIPPIGXYEP[EVQXLMRLMQWIPJ [MPP WXERH MR RS RIIH SJ WYGL VIWSYVGIW - LEZI [VMXXIR E PMXXPI JEFPI
MPPYWXVEXMRKXLMWMXQE]FIJSYRHIPWI[LIVI%WEKIRIVEPVYPIMXQE]FIWEMHXLEX E QERW WSGMEFMPMX] WXERHW ZIV] RIEVP] MR MRZIVWI VEXMS XS LMW MRXIPPIGXYEP
8VERWPEXSVW2SXI8LITEWWEKIXS[LMGL7GLSTIRLEYIVVIJIVWMW4EVIVKEZSPMM7IGXLIHMXMSR8LIJEFPIMWSJGIVXEMRTSVGYTMRIW[LSLYHHPIHXSKIXLIVJSV[EVQXLSREGSPHHE]FYXEWXLI]FIKERXSTVMGOSRIERSXLIV[MXLXLIMVUYMPPWXLI][IVISFPMKIHXSHMWTIVWI,S[IZIVXLIGSPHHVSZIXLIQXSKIXLIVEKEMR[LIRNYWXXLIWEQIXLMRKLETTIRIH%XPEWX
EJXIVQER]XYVRWSJLYHHPMRKERHHMWTIVWMRKXLI]HMWGSZIVIHXLEXXLI][SYPHFIFIWXSJJF]VIQEMRMRKEXEPMXXPIHMWXERGIJVSQSRIERSXLIV-RXLIWEQI[E]XLIRIIHSJWSGMIX]HVMZIWXLI LYQER TSVGYTMRIW XSKIXLIVSRP] XS FI QYXYEPP] VITIPPIH F] XLI QER] TVMGOP] ERH
HMWEKVIIEFPIUYEPMXMIWSJXLIMVREXYVI8LIQSHIVEXIHMWXERGI[LMGLXLI]EXPEWXHMWGSZIVXSFIXLISRP]XSPIVEFPIGSRHMXMSRSJMRXIVGSYVWIMWXLIGSHISJTSPMXIRIWWERHJMRIQERRIVWERHXLSWI[LSXVERWKVIWWMXEVIVSYKLP]XSPHMRXLI)RKPMWLTLVEWIXSOIITXLIMVHMWXERGI&]XLMW
EVVERKIQIRXXLIQYXYEPRIIHSJ[EVQXLMWSRP]ZIV]QSHIVEXIP]WEXMWJMIHFYXXLIRTISTPIHSRSXKIXTVMGOIH%QER[LSLEWWSQILIEXMRLMQWIPJTVIJIVWXSVIQEMRSYXWMHI[LIVILI[MPPRIMXLIVTVMGOSXLIVTISTPIRSVKIXTVMGOIHLMQWIPJ
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ZEPYIXSWE]XLEXWSERHWSMWZIV]YRWSGMEFPIMWEPQSWXXERXEQSYRXXSWE]MRKXLEXLIMWEQERSJKVIEXGETEGMX]
7SPMXYHIMWHSYFP]EHZERXEKISYWXSWYGLEQER*MVWXP]MXEPPS[WLMQXSFI[MXLLMQWIPJERHWIGSRHP]MXTVIZIRXWLMQFIMRK[MXLSXLIVWEREHZERXEKISJKVIEX
QSQIRXJSV LS[ QYGLGSRWXVEMRXERRS]ERGIERH IZIR HERKIVXLIVI MWMR EPPMRXIVGSYVWI[MXLXLI[SVPH8SYXRSXVIQEPWE]W0E&VY]IVIZMIRXHIRITSYZSMVIXVIWIYP-XMWVIEPP]EZIV]VMWO]RE]EJEXEPXLMRKXSFIWSGMEFPIFIGEYWIMXQIERWGSRXEGX [MXL REXYVIW XLI KVIEX QENSVMX] SJ[LMGLEVIFEH QSVEPP]ERH
HYPP SV TIVZIVWI MRXIPPIGXYEPP] 8S FI YRWSGMEFPI MW RSX XS GEVI EFSYX WYGLTISTPI ERH XSLEZI IRSYKLMRSRIWIPJ XS HMWTIRWI [MXL XLI RIGIWWMX] SJ XLIMV
GSQTER] MW E KVIEX TMIGI SJ KSSH JSVXYRI FIGEYWI EPQSWX EPP SYV WYJJIVMRKWWTVMRKJVSQLEZMRKXSHS[MXLSXLIVTISTPIERHXLEXHIWXVS]WXLITIEGISJQMRH[LMGL EW - LEZI WEMH GSQIW RI\X EJXIV LIEPXL MR XLI IPIQIRXW SJ LETTMRIWW
4IEGI SJ QMRH MW MQTSWWMFPI [MXLSYX E GSRWMHIVEFPI EQSYRX SJ WSPMXYHI 8LI']RMGW VIRSYRGIH EPP TVMZEXI TVSTIVX] MR SVHIV XS EXXEMR XLI FPMWW SJ LEZMRK
RSXLMRK XS XVSYFPI XLIQ ERH XS VIRSYRGI WSGMIX] [MXL XLI WEQI SFNIGX MW XLI[MWIWXXLMRKEQERGERHS&IVREVHMRHI7EMRX4MIVVILEWXLIZIV]I\GIPPIRXERH
TIVXMRIRX VIQEVO XLEX XS FI WTEVMRK MR VIKEVHXS JSSH MW E QIERW SJ LIEPXL MRVIKEVH XS WSGMIX] E QIERW SJ XVERUYMPPMX]PE HMIXI HIW EMPQIRW RSYW VIRH PEWERXI HY GSVTW IX GIPPI HIW LSQQIW PE XVERUYMPPMXI HI PEQI 8S FI WSSR SRJVMIRHP]SVIZIREJJIGXMSREXIXIVQW[MXLWSPMXYHIMWPMOI[MRRMRKEKSPHQMRI
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
&YX WXMPP LEH %HEQ RS JEXLIV SV QSXLIV# 8LIVI MW ERSXLIV WIRWI MR [LMGLWSPMXYHIMWRSXXLIREXYVEPWXEXIJSVEXLMWIRXVERGIMRXSXLI[SVPHEQERJMRHW
LMQWIPJ[MXLTEVIRXWFVSXLIVWWMWXIVWXLEXMWXSWE]MRWSGMIX]ERHRSXEPSRI%GGSVHMRKP] MX GERRSX FI WEMH XLEX XLI PSZI SJ WSPMXYHI MW ER SVMKMREP
GLEVEGXIVMWXMG SJ LYQER REXYVI MX MW VEXLIV XLI VIWYPX SJ I\TIVMIRGI ERHVIJPIGXMSRERHXLIWIMRXLIMVXYVRHITIRHYTSRXLIHIZIPSTQIRXSJMRXIPPIGXYEPTS[IVERHMRGVIEWI[MXLXLI]IEVW
7TIEOMRK KIRIVEPP] WSGMEFMPMX] WXERHW MR MRZIVWI VEXMS [MXL EKI % PMXXPI GLMPHVEMWIWETMXISYWGV]SJJVMKLXMJMXMWPIJXEPSRIJSVSRP]EJI[QMRYXIWERHPEXIV
SRXSFIWLYXYTF]MXWIPJMWEKVIEXTYRMWLQIRX=SYRKTISTPIWSSRKIXSRZIV]JVMIRHP]XIVQW[MXLSRIERSXLIVMXMWSRP]XLIJI[EQSRKXLIQSJER]RSFMPMX]
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SJQMRH[LSEVIKPEHRS[ERHXLIRXSFIEPSRIFYXXSWTIRHXLI[LSPIHE]XLYW[SYPHFIHMWEKVIIEFPI%KVS[RYTQERGERIEWMP]HSMXMXMWPMXXPIXVSYFPIXSLMQXSFIQYGLEPSRIERHMXFIGSQIWPIWWERHPIWWXVSYFPIEWLIEHZERGIWMR
]IEVW%RSPHQER[LSLEWSYXPMZIHEPPLMWJVMIRHWERHMWIMXLIVMRHMJJIVIRXSV
HIEH XS XLI TPIEWYVIW SJ PMJI MW MR LMW TVSTIV IPIQIRX MR WSPMXYHI ERH MRMRHMZMHYEPGEWIWXLIWTIGMEPXIRHIRG]XSVIXMVIQIRXERHWIGPYWMSR[MPPEP[E]WFIMRHMVIGXTVSTSVXMSRXSMRXIPPIGXYEPGETEGMX]
*SVXLMWXIRHIRG]MWRSXEW- LEZIWEMHETYVIP]REXYVEPSRIMXHSIWRSXGSQI
MRXS I\MWXIRGI EW E HMVIGX RIIH SJ LYQER REXYVI MX MW VEXLIV XLI IJJIGX SJ XLII\TIVMIRGI[IKSXLVSYKLXLITVSHYGXSJVIJPIGXMSRYTSR[LEXSYVRIIHWVIEPP]
EVI TVSGIIHMRKQSVIIWTIGMEPP] JVSQXLI MRWMKLX[IEXXEMR MRXS XLI [VIXGLIHWXYJJSJ[LMGLQSWXTISTPIEVIQEHI[LIXLIV]SYPSSOEXXLIMVQSVEPWSVXLIMVMRXIPPIGXW 8LI [SVWX SJ MX EPP MW XLEX MR XLI MRHMZMHYEP QSVEP ERH MRXIPPIGXYEP
WLSVXGSQMRKWEVIGPSWIP]GSRRIGXIHERHTPE]MRXSIEGLSXLIVWLERHWWSXLEXEPPQERRIVSJHMWEKVIIEFPIVIWYPXWEVISFXEMRIH[LMGLQEOIMRXIVGSYVWI[MXLQSWX
TISTPI RSX SRP] YRTPIEWERX FYX MRXSPIVEFPI ,IRGI XLSYKL XLI [SVPH GSRXEMRWQER] XLMRKW [LMGL EVI XLSVSYKLP] FEH XLI [SVWX XLMRK MR MX MW WSGMIX] )ZIR
:SPXEMVI XLEX WSGMEFPI *VIRGLQER [EW SFPMKIH XS EHQMX XLEX XLIVI EVIIZIV][LIVIGVS[HWSJTISTPIRSX[SVXLXEPOMRKXS PEXIVVIIWXGSYZIVXIHIKIRWUYMRIQIVMXIRXTEWUYSRPIYVTEVPI%RH4IXVEVGLKMZIWEWMQMPEVVIEWSRJSV[MWLMRK XS FI EPSRIXLEX XIRHIV WTMVMX WS WXVSRK ERH GSRWXERX MR LMW PSZI SJ
WIGPYWMSR8LIWXVIEQWXLITPEMRWERH[SSHWORS[[IPPLIWE]WLS[LILEWXVMIH XS IWGETI XLI TIVZIVWI ERH WXYTMH TISTPI [LS LEZI QMWWIH XLI [E] XSLIEZIR
'IVGEXSLSWIQTVIWSPMXEVMEZMXE0IVMZIMPWERRSIPIGEQTEKRIIMFSWGLM4IVJYKKMVUYIWXMRKIKRMWXSVXMIPSWGLM'LIPEWXVEHEHIPGMIPLERRSWQEVVMXE
,I TYVWYIW XLI WEQI WXVEMR MR XLEX HIPMKLXJYP FSSO SJ LMW(I :MXE 7SPMXEVME[LMGL WIIQW XS LEZI KMZIR >MQQIVQER XLI MHIE SJ LMW GIPIFVEXIH [SVO SR
7SPMXYHI-XMWXLIWIGSRHEV]ERHMRHMVIGXGLEVEGXIVSJXLIPSZISJWIGPYWMSRXS[LMGL'LEQJSVXEPPYHIWMRXLIJSPPS[MRKTEWWEKIGSYGLIHMRLMWWEVGEWXMGZIMR
3R HMX UYIPUYIJSMW HYR LSQQI UYM ZMX WIYP MP REMQI TEW PE WSGMIXI 'IWXWSYZIRXGSQQIWMSRHMWEMXHYRLSQQIUYMPREMQITEWPETVSQIREHIWSYWPITVIXI\XIUYMPRIWITVSQIRITEWZSPSRXMIVWPIWSMVHERWPIJSVIXHI&SRH]
=SY [MPP JMRH E WMQMPEV WIRXMQIRX I\TVIWWIH F] XLI 4IVWMER TSIX 7EHM MR LMW+EVHIR SJ 6SWIW 7MRGI XLEX XMQI LI WE]W [I LEZI XEOIR PIEZI SJ WSGMIX]TVIJIVVMRKXLITEXLSJWIGPYWMSRJSVXLIVIMWWEJIX]MRWSPMXYHI%RKIPYW7MPIWMYW
EZIV]KIRXPIERH'LVMWXMER[VMXIVGSRJIWWIWXSXLIWEQIJIIPMRKMRLMWS[R
8VERWPEXSVW2SXI%RKIPYW7MPIWMYWTWIYHSR]QJSV.SLERRIW7GLIJJPIVETL]WMGMERERHQ]WXMGTSIXSJXLIWIZIRXIIRXLGIRXYV]
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Q]XLMGEPPERKYEKI,IVSHLIWE]WMWXLIGSQQSRIRIQ]ERH[LIREW[MXL.SWITL +SH [EVRW YW SJ HERKIV [I JP] JVSQ XLI [SVPH XS WSPMXYHI JVSQ&IXLPILIQXS)K]TXSVIPWIWYJJIVMRKERHHIEXLE[EMXYW
,IVSHIWMWXIMR*IMRHHIV.SWITLHIV:IVWXERH(IQQEGLXI+SXXHMI+IJELVMQ8VEYQMR+IMWXFIOERRX(MI;IPXMWX&IXLPILIQ%IK]TXIR)MRWEQOIMX*PIYGLQIMRI7IIPIJPIYGLWSRWXWXMVFIWXHYZSV0IMH
+MSVHERS &VYRS EPWS HIGPEVIW LMQWIPJ E JVMIRH SJ WIGPYWMSR8ERXM YSQMRMLIWE]WGLIMRXIVVELERRSZSPYXSKYWXEVIZMXEGIPIWXIHMWWIVSGSRYREZSGIIGGIIPSRKEZMJYKMIRWIXQERWMMRWSPMXYHMRIXLSWI[LSMRXLMW[SVPHLEZIHIWMVIHEJSVIXEWXISJXLIHMZMRIPMJILEZIEP[E]WTVSGPEMQIH[MXLSRIZSMGI
0SXLIR[SYPH-[ERHIVJEVSJJ-[SYPHPSHKIMRXLI[MPHIVRIWW
%RH MR XLI [SVO JVSQ [LMGL - LEZI EPVIEH] UYSXIH 7EHM WE]W SJ LMQWIPJ-RHMWKYWX [MXL Q] JVMIRHW EX (EQEWGYW - [MXLHVI[ MRXS XLI HIWIVX EFSYX.IVYWEPIQXSWIIOXLIWSGMIX]SJXLIFIEWXWSJXLIJMIPH-RWLSVXXLIWEQIXLMRKLEW FIIR WEMH F] EPP [LSQ 4VSQIXLIYW LEW JSVQIH SYX SJ FIXXIV GPE] ;LEXTPIEWYVI GSYPH XLI] JMRH MR XLI GSQTER] SJ TISTPI [MXL [LSQ XLIMV SRP]GSQQSRKVSYRHMWNYWX[LEXMWPS[IWXERHPIEWXRSFPIMRXLIMVS[RREXYVIXLITEVXSJXLIQXLEXMWGSQQSRTPEGIXVMZMEPERHZYPKEV#;LEXHSXLI][ERX[MXL
TISTPI[LSGERRSXVMWIXSELMKLIVPIZIPERHJSV[LSQRSXLMRKVIQEMRWFYXXSHVEK SXLIVW HS[R XS XLIMVW# JSV XLMW MW [LEX XLI] EMQ EX -X MW ER EVMWXSGVEXMGJIIPMRKXLEXMWEXXLIFSXXSQSJXLMWTVSTIRWMX]XSWIGPYWMSRERHWSPMXYHI
6EWGEPWEVIEP[E]WWSGMEFPIQSVIWXLITMX]ERHXLIGLMIJWMKRXLEXEQERLEW
ER]RSFMPMX]MRLMWGLEVEGXIVMWXLIPMXXPITPIEWYVILIXEOIWMRSXLIVWGSQTER],ITVIJIVWWSPMXYHIQSVIERHQSVIERHMRGSYVWISJXMQIGSQIWXSWIIXLEX[MXL
JI[ I\GITXMSRW XLI [SVPH SJJIVW RS GLSMGI FI]SRH WSPMXYHI SR SRI WMHI ERHZYPKEVMX]SRXLISXLIV8LMWQE]WSYRHELEVHXLMRKXSWE]FYXIZIR%RKIPYW
7MPIWMYW [MXL EPP LMW 'LVMWXMERJIIPMRKWSJ KIRXPIRIWW ERH PSZI[EW SFPMKIHXS
EHQMXXLIXVYXLSJMX,S[IZIVTEMRJYPWSPMXYHIQE]FILIWE]WFIGEVIJYPRSXXSFIZYPKEVJSVXLIR]SYQE]JMRHEHIWIVXIZIV][LIVI
(MI)MRWEQOIMXMWXRSXLHSGLWIMRYVRMGLXKIQIMR7SOERRWXHYYIFIVEPPMRIMRIV;YIWXIWIMR
-XMWREXYVEPJSVKVIEXQMRHWXLIXVYIXIEGLIVWSJLYQERMX]XSGEVIPMXXPIEFSYXXLI GSRWXERX GSQTER] SJ SXLIVW NYWX EW PMXXPI EW XLI WGLSSPQEWXIV GEVIW JSVNSMRMRK MR XLI KEQFSPW SJ XLI RSMW] GVS[H SJ FS]W [LMGL WYVVSYRH LMQ 8LIQMWWMSRSJXLIWIKVIEXQMRHWMWXSKYMHIQEROMRHSZIVXLIWIESJIVVSVXSXLI4WEPQWPZ
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LEZIRSJXVYXLXSHVE[MXJSVXLJVSQXLIHEVOEF]WWIWSJEFEVFEVSYWZYPKEVMX]YT MRXS XLI PMKLX SJ GYPXYVI ERH VIJMRIQIRX 1IR SJ KVIEX MRXIPPIGX PMZI MR XLI[SVPH[MXLSYXVIEPP]FIPSRKMRKXSMXERHWSJVSQXLIMVIEVPMIWX]IEVWXLI]JIIP
XLEXXLIVIMWETIVGITXMFPIHMJJIVIRGIFIX[IIRXLIQERHSXLIVTISTPI&YXMXMW
SRP]KVEHYEPP][MXLXLIPETWISJ]IEVWXLEXXLI]GSQIXSEGPIEVYRHIVWXERHMRKSJ XLIMV TSWMXMSR 8LIMV MRXIPPIGXYEP MWSPEXMSR MW XLIR VIMRJSVGIH F] EGXYEPWIGPYWMSRMRXLIMVQERRIVSJPMJI XLI]PIXRSSRIETTVSEGL[LSMW RSX MRWSQI
HIKVIIIQERGMTEXIHJVSQXLITVIZEMPMRKZYPKEVMX]
*VSQ[LEXLEWFIIRWEMHMXMWSFZMSYWXLEXXLIPSZISJWSPMXYHIMWRSXEHMVIGXSVMKMREP MQTYPWI MR LYQER REXYVI FYX VEXLIV WSQIXLMRK WIGSRHEV] ERH SJ
KVEHYEPKVS[XL-XMWXLIQSVIHMWXMRKYMWLMRKJIEXYVISJRSFPIVQMRHWHIZIPSTIHRSX [MXLSYX WSQI GSRUYIWX SJ REXYVEP HIWMVIW ERH RS[ ERH XLIR MR EGXYEPSTTSWMXMSR XS XLI TVSQTXMRKW SJ 1ITLMWXSTLIPIWFMHHMRK ]SY I\GLERKI E
QSVSWIERHWSYPHIWXVS]MRKWSPMXYHIJSVPMJIEQSRKWXQIRJSVWSGMIX]IZIRXLI[SVWXLIWE]W[MPPKMZIEWIRWISJLYQERJIPPS[WLMT
,SIVEYJQMXHIMRIQ+VEQ^YWTMIPIR(IV[MIIMR+IMIVHMVEQ0IFIRJVMWWX(MIWGLPIGLXIWXI+IWIPPWGLEJXPEIWWXHMGLJYILPIR(EWWHYIMR1IRWGLQMX1IRWGLIRFMWX
8S FI EPSRI MW XLI JEXI SJ EPP KVIEX QMRHWE JEXI HITPSVIH EX XMQIW FYX WXMPPEP[E]WGLSWIREWXLIPIWWKVMIZSYWSJX[SIZMPW%WXLI]IEVWMRGVIEWIMXEP[E]W
FIGSQIW IEWMIV XS WE] (EVI XS FI [MWIWETIVI EYHI %RH EJXIV WM\X] XLIMRGPMREXMSRXSFIEPSRIKVS[WMRXSEOMRHSJVIEPREXYVEPMRWXMRGXJSVEXXLEXEKIIZIV]XLMRKGSQFMRIWMRJEZSVSJMX8LIWXVSRKIWXMQTYPWIXLIPSZISJ[SQERWWSGMIX]LEWPMXXPISVRSIJJIGXMXMWXLIWI\PIWWGSRHMXMSRSJSPHEKI[LMGLPE]WXLIJSYRHEXMSRSJEGIVXEMRWIPJWYJJMGMIRG]ERHXLEXKVEHYEPP]EFWSVFWEPPHIWMVIJSVSXLIVWGSQTER]%XLSYWERHMPPYWMSRWERHJSPPMIWEVISZIVGSQIXLIEGXMZI]IEVWSJPMJIEVIMRQSWXGEWIWKSRIEQERLEWRSQSVII\TIGXEXMSRWSVTPERWSVMRXIRXMSRW8LI KIRIVEXMSR XS[LMGLLIFIPSRKIHLEWTEWWIHE[E]ERH E RI[VEGI LEWWTVYRK YT [LMGL PSSOW YTSR LMQ EW IWWIRXMEPP] SYXWMHI MXW WTLIVI SJEGXMZMX] %RH XLIR XLI ]IEVW TEWW QSVI UYMGOP] EW [I FIGSQI SPHIV ERH [I[ERXXSHIZSXISYVVIQEMRMRKXMQIXSXLIMRXIPPIGXYEPVEXLIVXLERXSXLITVEGXMGEPWMHI SJ PMJI *SV TVSZMHIH XLEX XLI QMRH VIXEMRW MXW JEGYPXMIW XLI EQSYRX SJORS[PIHKIERHI\TIVMIRGI[ILEZIEGUYMVIHXSKIXLIV[MXLXLIJEGMPMX][ILEZIKEMRIH MR XLI YWI SJ SYV TS[IVW QEOIW MX XLIR QSVI XLER IZIV IEW] ERHMRXIVIWXMRKXSYWXSTYVWYIXLIWXYH]SJER]WYFNIGX%XLSYWERHXLMRKWFIGSQIGPIEV [LMGL [IVI JSVQIVP] IRZIPSTIH MR SFWGYVMX] ERH VIWYPXW EVI SFXEMRIH[LMGLKMZIEJIIPMRKSJHMJJMGYPXMIWSZIVGSQI*VSQPSRKI\TIVMIRGISJQIR[IGIEWIXSI\TIGXQYGLJVSQXLIQ[IJMRHXLEXSRXLI[LSPITISTPIHSRSXKEMRF] E RIEVIV EGUYEMRXERGI ERH XLEXETEVX JVSQ E JI[ VEVI ERH JSVXYREXI
+SIXLIW*EYWX4EVX-
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I\GITXMSRW[I LEZI GSQI EGVSWW RSRI FYX HIJIGXMZI WTIGMQIRW SJ LYQERREXYVI[LMGLMXMWEHZMWEFPIXSPIEZIMRTIEGI;IEVIRSQSVIWYFNIGXXSXLISVHMREV]MPPYWMSRWSJPMJIERHEWMRMRHMZMHYEPMRWXERGIW[IWSSRWII[LEXE
QERMWQEHISJ[IWIPHSQJIIPER]MRGPMREXMSRXSGSQIMRXSGPSWIVVIPEXMSRW
[MXLLMQ*MREPP]MWSPEXMSRSYVS[RWSGMIX]LEWFIGSQIELEFMXEWMX[IVIEWIGSRHREXYVIXSYWQSVIIWTIGMEPP]MJ[ILEZIFIIRSRJVMIRHP]XIVQW[MXLMXJVSQSYV]SYXLYT8LIPSZISJWSPMXYHI[LMGL[EWJSVQIVP]MRHYPKIHSRP]EX
XLII\TIRWISJSYVHIWMVIJSVWSGMIX]LEWRS[GSQIXSFIXLIWMQTPIUYEPMX]SJSYVREXYVEPHMWTSWMXMSRXLIIPIQIRXTVSTIVXSSYVPMJIEW[EXIVXSEJMWL8LMWMW[L]ER]SRI[LSTSWWIWWIWEYRMUYIMRHMZMHYEPMX]YRPMOISXLIVWERHXLIVIJSVIRIGIWWEVMP]MWSPEXIHJIIPWXLEXEWLIFIGSQIWSPHIVLMWTSWMXMSRMWRSPSRKIVWSFYVHIRWSQIEW[LIRLI[EW]SYRK
*SVEWEQEXXIVSJJEGXXLMWZIV]KIRYMRITVMZMPIKISJSPHEKIMWSRI[LMGLGER
FIIRNS]IHSRP]MJEQERMWTSWWIWWIHSJEGIVXEMREQSYRXSJMRXIPPIGXMX[MPPFIETTVIGMEXIHQSWXSJEPP[LIVIXLIVIMWVIEPQIRXEPTS[IVFYXMRWSQIHIKVIIF]
IZIV]SRI-XMWSRP]TISTPISJZIV]FEVVIRERHZYPKEVREXYVI[LS[MPPFINYWXEWWSGMEFPI MR XLIMV SPH EKI EW XLI] [IVI MR XLIMV ]SYXL &YX XLIR XLI] FIGSQI
XVSYFPIWSQI XS E WSGMIX] XS [LMGL XLI] EVI RS PSRKIV WYMXIH ERH EX QSWXQEREKIXSFIXSPIVEXIH[LIVIEWXLI][IVIJSVQIVP]MRKVIEXVIUYIWX
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XLI [E] MR [LMGL MX GSRHYGIW XS IHYGEXMSR 8LI ]SYRKIV XLEX TISTPI EVI XLIQSVI MR IZIV] VIWTIGX XLI] LEZI XS PIEVR ERH MX MW NYWX MR ]SYXL XLEX 2EXYVI
TVSZMHIWEW]WXIQSJQYXYEPIHYGEXMSRWSXLEXQIVIMRXIVGSYVWI[MXLSXLIVWEXXLEX XMQISJPMJI GEVVMIW MRWXVYGXMSR[MXLMX,YQERWSGMIX]JVSQXLMWTSMRXSJZMI[VIWIQFPIWELYKIEGEHIQ]SJPIEVRMRKSRXLI&IPPERH0ERGEWXIVW]WXIQSTTSWIH XS XLI W]WXIQ SJ IHYGEXMSR F] QIERW SJ FSSOW ERH WGLSSPW EWWSQIXLMRK EVXMJMGMEPERH GSRXVEV]XS XLI MRWXMXYXMSRWSJ 2EXYVI-XMW XLIVIJSVI E
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&YX XLIVI MW RSXLMRK MR PMJI [LMGL LEW RSX WSQI HVE[FEGORMLMP IWX EF SQRMTEVXIFIEXYQEW,SVEGIWE]WSVMRXLI[SVHWSJER-RHMERTVSZIVF RSPSXYW[MXLSYX E WXEPO 7IGPYWMSR [LMGL LEW WS QER] EHZERXEKIW LEW EPWS MXW PMXXPIERRS]ERGIWERHHVE[FEGOW[LMGLEVIWQEPPLS[IZIVMRGSQTEVMWSR[MXLXLSWISJ WSGMIX] LIRGI ER]SRI [LS MW [SVXL QYGL MR LMQWIPJ [MPP KIX SR FIXXIV[MXLSYX SXLIV TISTPI XLER [MXL XLIQ &YX EQSRKWX XLI HMWEHZERXEKIW SJWIGPYWMSR XLIVI MW SRI [LMGL MW RSXWSIEW] XS WII EW XLI VIWX -X MW XLMW[LIRTISTPI VIQEMR MRHSSVW EPP HE] XLI] FIGSQI TL]WMGEPP] ZIV] WIRWMXMZI XSEXQSWTLIVMGGLERKIWWSXLEXIZIV]PMXXPIHVEYKLXMWIRSYKLXSQEOIXLIQMPPWS[MXLSYVXIQTIVEPSRKGSYVWISJWIGPYWMSRQEOIWMXWSWIRWMXMZIXLEXXLIQSWXXVMZMEP MRGMHIRXW [SVHW SV IZIR PSSOW EVIWYJJMGMIRX XS HMWXYVF SV XS ZI\ ERH
SJJIRHYWPMXXPIXLMRKW[LMGLEVIYRRSXMGIHF]XLSWI[LSPMZIMRXLIXYVQSMPSJPMJI
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;LIR]SYJMRHLYQERWSGMIX]HMWEKVIIEFPIERHJIIP]SYVWIPJNYWXMJMIHMRJP]MRKXSWSPMXYHI]SYGERFIWSGSRWXMXYXIHEWXSFIYREFPIXSFIEVXLIHITVIWWMSRSJMXJSVER]PIRKXLSJXMQI[LMGL[MPPTVSFEFP]FIXLIGEWIMJ]SYEVI]SYRK0IXQI
EHZMWI]SYXLIRXSJSVQXLILEFMXSJXEOMRKWSQISJ]SYVWSPMXYHI[MXL]SYMRXS
WSGMIX]XSPIEVRXSFIXSWSQII\XIRXEPSRIIZIRXLSYKL]SYEVIMRGSQTER]RSXXSWE]EXSRGI[LEX]SYXLMROERHSRXLISXLIVLERHRSXXSEXXEGLXSSTVIGMWIEQIERMRKXS[LEXSXLIVWWE]VEXLIVRSXXSI\TIGXQYGLSJXLIQIMXLIVQSVEPP]
SVMRXIPPIGXYEPP]ERHXSWXVIRKXLIR]SYVWIPJMRXLIJIIPMRKSJMRHMJJIVIRGIXSXLIMVSTMRMSR[LMGLMWXLIWYVIWX[E]SJEP[E]WTVEGXMGMRKETVEMWI[SVXL]XSPIVEXMSR-J]SYHSXLEX]SY[MPPRSXPMZIWSQYGL[MXLSXLIVTISTPIXLSYKL]SYQE]ETTIEV XS QSZI EQSRKWX XLIQ ]SYV VIPEXMSR XS XLIQ [MPP FI SJ E TYVIP]SFNIGXMZIGLEVEGXIV8LMWTVIGEYXMSR[MPPOIIT]SYJVSQXSSGPSWIGSRXEGX[MXLWSGMIX]ERHXLIVIJSVIWIGYVI]SYEKEMRWXFIMRKGSRXEQMREXIHSVIZIRSYXVEKIHF]MX7SGMIX]MWMRXLMWVIWTIGXPMOIEJMVIXLI[MWIQER[EVQMRKLMQWIPJEXE
TVSTIV HMWXERGI JVSQ MX RSX GSQMRK XSS GPSWI PMOI XLI JSSP [LS SR KIXXMRKWGSVGLIHVYRWE[E]ERHWLMZIVWMRWSPMXYHIPSYHMRLMWGSQTPEMRXXLEXXLIJMVIFYVRW
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8LMWMWXLIEHZMGIKMZIRF]7IRIGEEWLI[IPPTYXWMX[IWLEPPFITPIEWIH[MXL[LEX[ILEZIMJ[IEZSMHXLIWIPJXSVXYVISJGSQTEVMRKSYVS[RPSX[MXLWSQI
SXLIVERHLETTMIVSRI RSWXVERSWWMRIGSQTEVEXMSRIHIPIGXIRXRYRUYEQIVMXJIPM\UYIQXSVUYIFMXJIPMGMSV%RHEKEMRUYYQEHWTI\IVMWUYSXXIERXIGIHIRXGSKMXE UYSX WIUYERXYV MJ E KVIEX QER] TISTPI ETTIEV XS FI FIXXIV SJJ XLER]SYVWIPJXLMROLS[QER]XLIVIEVIMRE[SVWITSWMXMSR-XMWEJEGXXLEXMJVIEPGEPEQMX]GSQIWYTSRYWXLIQSWXIJJIGXMZIGSRWSPEXMSRXLSYKLMXWTVMRKWJVSQ
XLIWEQIWSYVGIEWIRZ]MWNYWXXLIXLSYKLXSJKVIEXIVQMWJSVXYRIWXLERSYVWERH XLI RI\X FIWX MW XLIWSGMIX] SJ XLSWI [LS EVI MR XLIWEQI PYGO EW [IXLI
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8LMW VIWXVMGXIH SV EW MX [IVI IRXVIRGLIH OMRH SJ WSGMEFMPMX] LEW FIIR HVEQEXMGEPP]MPPYWXVEXIH MR E TPE][IPP [SVXL VIEHMRKSJ 1SVEXMRW IRXMXPIH)P'EJI S WIE PE 'SQIHME
2YSZE 8LI 'EJI SV XLI 2I[ 'SQIH] GLMIJP] F] SRI SJ XLI GLEVEGXIVW (SR 4IHVS ERHIWTIGMEPP]MRXLIWIGSRHERHXLMVHWGIRIWSJXLIJMVWXEGX)RZ]WLS[WLS[YRLETT]TISTPIEVIERHXLIMVGSRWXER XEXXIRXMSRXS[LEXSXLIVWHSERH
PIEZIYRHSRILS[QYGLXLI]EVIFSVIH(I-VEMMM)TMWX\Z
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QER]ERSXLIVJSVQSJZMGIMXMWFIXXIVEPXSKIXLIVXSVIRSYRGIER]TPIEWYVIXLIVIQE]FIMRMXFIGEYWISJXLIWIVMSYWREXYVISJMXWGSRWIUYIRGIW
%VMWXSGVEGMIWEVISJXLVIIOMRHWSJFMVXLERHVEROSJ[IEPXLERHSJMRXIPPIGX8LIPEWXMWVIEPP]XLIQSWXHMWXMRKYMWLIHSJXLIXLVIIERHMXWGPEMQXS
SGGYT]XLIJMVWXTSWMXMSRGSQIWXSFIVIGSKRM^IHMJMXMWSRP]EPPS[IHXMQIXS[SVO 7S IQMRIRX E OMRK EW *VIHIVMGO XLI +VIEX EHQMXXIH MXPIW EQIWTVMZMPIKMIIWVERKIRXEPIKEPHIWWSYZIVEMRWEWLIWEMHXSLMWGLEQFIVPEMR[LIRXLI PEXXIV I\TVIWWIH LMW WYVTVMWI XLEX :SPXEMVI WLSYPH LEZI E WIEX EX XLI XEFPI
VIWIVZIHJSVOMRKWERHTVMRGIW[LMPWXQMRMWXIVWERHKIRIVEPW[IVIVIPIKEXIHXSXLIGLEQFIVPEMRW
)ZIV]SRISJXLIWIEVMWXSGVEGMIWMWWYVVSYRHIHF]ELSWXSJIRZMSYWTIVWSRW-J]SY FIPSRK XS SRI SJ XLIQ XLI] [MPP FI WIGVIXP] IQFMXXIVIH EKEMRWX ]SY ERH
YRPIWW XLI] EVI VIWXVEMRIH F] JIEV XLI] [MPP EP[E]W FI ER\MSYW XS PIX ]SYYRHIVWXERH XLEX]SY EVIRS FIXXIV XLER XLI] -X MW F] XLIMV ER\MIX] XS PIX ]SYORS[XLMWXLEXXLI]FIXVE]LS[KVIEXP]XLI]EVIGSRWGMSYWXLEXXLISTTSWMXIMWXLIXVYXL
8LIPMRISJGSRHYGXXSFITYVWYIHMJ]SYEVII\TSWIHXSIRZ]MWXSOIITXLIIRZMSYW TIVWSRW EX E HMWXERGI ERH EW JEV EW TSWWMFPI EZSMH EPP GSRXEGX [MXLXLIQ WS XLEX XLIVI QE] FI E [MHI KYPJ JM\IH FIX[IIR ]SY ERH XLIQ MJ XLMWGERRSXFIHSRI XSFIEVXLIMVEXXEGOW[MXLXLIKVIEXIWXGSQTSWYVI-R XLI PEXXIVGEWIXLIZIV]XLMRKXLEXTVSZSOIWXLIEXXEGO[MPPEPWSRIYXVEPM^IMX8LMWMW[LEX
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7)'8-32
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
MRXLIXLSYKLXXLEX]SYKEZIMX QEXYVI EXXIRXMSR EXXLITVSTIV XMQI8LMWMW XLIWEQI EHZMGI EW MW KMZIR F] ER -XEPMER TVSZIVFPIKEPE FIRI I TSM PEWGME PE
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ERHEVI[LMGL+SIXLILEWXVERWPEXIHXLYW7II[IPPXS]SYVKMVXLWERHXLIRVMHISRFSPHP]
%RHMJRSX[MXLWXERHMRKXLEX]SYJEMPMXMWFIGEYWILYQEREJJEMVWEVIXLIWTSVXSJGLERGIERHIVVSV7SGVEXIWXLI[MWIWXSJQIRRIIHIHXLI[EVRMRKZSMGISJ
LMWKSSHKIRMYWSV?+VIIOHEMQSRMSRAXSIREFPILMQXSHS[LEX[EWVMKLXMRVIKEVH XS LMW S[R TIVWSREP EJJEMVW SV EX ER] VEXI XS EZSMH QMWXEOIW [LMGL
EVKYIW XLEX XLI LYQER MRXIPPIGX MW MRGSQTIXIRX JSV XLI TYVTSWI 8LIVI MW EWE]MRK[LMGLMWVITSVXIHXSLEZISVMKMREXIH[MXLSRISJXLI4STIWXLEX[LIR
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MRXLIKVIEXQENSVMX]SJGEWIW-XIZIRPSSOWEWMJXLMWXVYXLLEHEKVIEXHIEPXSHS[MXLXLIIJJSVXTISTPIQEOIEWJEVEWTSWWMFPIXSGSRGIEPXLIMVQMWJSVXYRIWERHXSTYXXLIFIWXJEGIXLI]GERYTSRXLIQJSVJIEVPIWXXLIMVQMWJSVXYRIWQE]WLS[
LS[QYGLXLI]EVIXSFPEQI
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-RXLIGEWISJEQMWJSVXYRI[LMGLLEWEPVIEH]LETTIRIHERHXLIVIJSVIGERRSXFIEPXIVIH ]SY WLSYPH RSX EPPS[ ]SYVWIPJ XS XLMRO XLEX MX QMKLX LEZI FIIRSXLIV[MWIWXMPP PIWWXLEXMXQMKLXLEZIFIIREZSMHIHF] WYGLERHWYGLQIERWJSVVIJPIGXMSRWSJXLMWOMRH[MPPSRP]EHHXS]SYVHMWXVIWWERHQEOIMXMRXSPIVEFPIWS XLEX ]SY [MPP FIGSQI E XSVQIRXSV XS ]SYVWIPJ?+VIIOLIEYXSRXMQSVSYQIEISWA-XMWFIXXIVXSJSPPS[XLII\EQTPISJ/MRK(EZMH[LS
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,S[IZIVKSSHXLMWEHZMGIQE]FIMXMWSRIWMHIHERHTEVXMEP-RVIPMIZMRKERHUYMIXMRK YW JSV XLI QSQIRX MX MW RS HSYFX IJJIGXMZI IRSYKL FYX [LIR SYVQMWJSVXYRIWLEZIVIWYPXIHEWMWYWYEPP]XLIGEWIJVSQSYVS[RGEVIPIWWRIWWSVJSPP]SVEXER]VEXITEVXP]F]SYVS[RJEYPXMXMWEKSSHXLMRKXSGSRWMHIVLS[XLI]QMKLXLEZIFIIREZSMHIHERHXSGSRWMHIVMXSJXIRMRWTMXISJMXWFIMRKEXIRHIVWYFNIGXEWEPYXEV]JSVQSJWIPJHMWGMTPMRI[LMGL[MPPQEOIYW[MWIVERHFIXXIVQIRJSVXLIJYXYVI-J[ILEZIQEHISFZMSYWQMWXEOIW[IWLSYPHRSXXV]EW [I KIRIVEPP] HS XS KPSWW XLIQ SZIV SV XS JMRH WSQIXLMRK XS I\GYWI SVI\XIRYEXI XLIQ[IWLSYPHEHQMX XSSYVWIPZIWXLEX [ILEZI GSQQMXXIH JEYPXW
-XQE]FISFWIVZIHMRTEWWMRKXLEXEKVIEXQER]SJXLIQE\MQW[LMGL+SIXLITYXWYRHIVXLILIEHSJ4VSZIVFMEPEVIXVERWPEXMSRWJVSQXLI-XEPMER)HMXSVW RSXI 8LI SZIVIWXMQEXMSR SJ 7SGVEXIW MW E GSQQSR IVVSV EQSRK TLMPSWSTLIVW7XMVRIVFIMRKXLISRP]I\GITXMSRERHXLEXXSSETEVXMEPSRI)HMXSVWRSXI 8LI 'LMRIWI Q]WXMG'LYERK 8^Y EGXIH MRE WMQMPEV QERRIVJSPPS[MRK XLIHIQMWISJLMW[MJI
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ERH STIR SYV I]IW [MHI XS EPP XLIMV IRSVQMX] MR SVHIV XLEX [I QE] JMVQP]VIWSPZIXSEZSMHXLIQMRXMQIXSGSQI8SFIWYVIXLEXQIERWEKVIEXHIEPSJWIPJMRJPMGXIHTEMRMRXLIWLETISJHMWGSRXIRXFYXMXWLSYPHFIVIQIQFIVIHXLEX
XS WTEVI XLI VSH MW XS WTSMP XLI GLMPH?+VIIO LS QEI HEVIMW ERXLVSTSW SY
TEMHIYIXEMA
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-R EPP QEXXIVW EJJIGXMRK SYV [IEP SV [SI [I WLSYPH FI GEVIJYP RSX XS PIX SYVMQEKMREXMSRVYRE[E][MXLYWERHFYMPHRSGEWXPIWMRXLIEMV-RXLIJMVWXTPEGIXLI] EVI I\TIRWMZI XS FYMPH FIGEYWI [I LEZI XS TYPP XLIQ HS[R EKEMRMQQIHMEXIP]ERHXLEXMWEWSYVGISJKVMIJ;IWLSYPHFIWXMPPQSVISRSYVKYEVHEKEMRWX HMWXVIWWMRK SYVLIEVXW F]HITMGXMRK TSWWMFPIQMWJSVXYRIW -J XLIWI[IVIQMWJSVXYRIWSJETYVIP]MQEKMREV]OMRHSVZIV]VIQSXIERHYRPMOIP][IWLSYPH
EXSRGIWIISRE[EOMRKJVSQSYVHVIEQXLEXXLI[LSPIXLMRK[EWQIVIMPPYWMSR[IWLSYPHVINSMGIEPPXLIQSVIMREVIEPMX]FIXXIVXLERSYVHVIEQWSVEXQSWXFI[EVRIH EKEMRWX QMWJSVXYRIW [LMGL XLSYKL ZIV] VIQSXI [IVI WXMPP TSWWMFPI8LIWILS[IZIVEVIRSXXLIWSVXSJTPE]XLMRKWMR[LMGLMQEKMREXMSRHIPMKLXWMX
MWSRP]MRMHPILSYVWXLEX[IFYMPHGEWXPIWMRXLIEMVERHXLI]EVIEP[E]WSJETPIEWMRK HIWGVMTXMSR 8LI QEXXIV [LMGL KSIW XS JSVQ KPSSQ] HVIEQW EVI
QMWGLERGIW [LMGL XS WSQI I\XIRX VIEPP] XLVIEXIR YW XLSYKL MX FI JVSQ WSQIHMWXERGI MQEKMREXMSR QEOIW YW PSSO PEVKIV ERH RIEVIV ERH QSVI XIVVMFPI XLER
XLI]EVIMRVIEPMX]8LMWMWEOMRHSJHVIEQ[LMGLGERRSXFIWSVIEHMP]WLEOIRSJJSRE[EOMRKEWETPIEWERXSRIJSVETPIEWERXHVIEQMWWSSRHMWTIPPIHF]VIEPMX]
PIEZMRK EX QSWX E JIIFPI LSTI P]MRK MR XLI PET SJ TSWWMFMPMX] 3RGI [I LEZIEFERHSRIHSYVWIPZIWXSEJMXSJXLIFPYIWZMWMSRWEVIGSRNYVIHYT[LMGLHSRSXWS IEWMP] ZERMWL EKEMR JSV MX MW EP[E]W NYWX TSWWMFPI XLEX XLI ZMWMSRW QE] FIVIEPM^IH&YX[IEVIRSXEP[E]WEFPIXSIWXMQEXIXLII\EGXHIKVIISJTSWWMFMPMX]TSWWMFMPMX]QE]IEWMP]TEWWMRXSTVSFEFMPMX]ERHXLYW[IHIPMZIVSYVWIPZIWYTXS
XSVXYVI8LIVIJSVI[I WLSYPH FI GEVIJYP RSX XS FI SZIVER\MSYW SR ER] QEXXIVEJJIGXMRK SYV [IEP SV SYV [SI RSX XS GEVV] SYV ER\MIX] XS YRVIEWSREFPI SV
MRNYHMGMSYWPMQMXWFYXGSSPP]ERHHMWTEWWMSREXIP]XSHIPMFIVEXIYTSRXLIQEXXIVEWXLSYKLMX[IVIEREFWXVEGXUYIWXMSR[LMGLHMHRSXXSYGLYWMRTEVXMGYPEV;I
WLSYPH KMZI RS TPE] XS MQEKMREXMSR LIVI JSV MQEKMREXMSR MW RSX NYHKQIRXMXSRP]GSRNYVIWYTZMWMSRWMRHYGMRKERYRTVSJMXEFPIERHSJXIRZIV]TEMRJYPQSSH
8LI VYPI SR [LMGL - EQ LIVI MRWMWXMRK WLSYPH FI QSWX GEVIJYPP] SFWIVZIHXS[EVHW IZIRMRK *SV EW HEVORIWW QEOIW YW XMQMH ERH ETX XS WII XIVVMJ]MRKWLETIWIZIV][LIVIXLIVIMWWSQIXLMRKWMQMPEVMRXLIIJJIGXSJMRHMWXMRGXXLSYKLXERH YRGIVXEMRX] EP[E]W FVMRKW [MXL MX E WIRWI SJ HERKIV ,IRGI XS[EVHWIZIRMRK[LIRSYVTS[IVWSJXLSYKLXERHNYHKQIRXEVIVIPE\IHEXXLILSYVEWMX[IVISJWYFNIGXMZIHEVORIWWXLIMRXIPPIGXFIGSQIWXMVIHIEWMP]GSRJYWIHERHYREFPIXSKIXEXXLIFSXXSQSJXLMRKWERHMJMRXLEXWXEXI[IQIHMXEXISRQEXXIVW
SJTIVWSREPMRXIVIWX XSSYVWIPZIWXLI]WSSR EWWYQI E HERKIVSYW ERH XIVVMJ]MRK1IRERHIV1SRSWX
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VIWIRXQIRX [LMGL HMWXYVF ERH TSPPYXI SYV REXYVI -R ER I\GIPPIRX TEVEFPI4VSGPYWXLI2ISTPEXSRMWXTSMRXWSYXLS[MRIZIV]XS[RXLIQSFH[IPPWWMHIF]WMHI [MXL XLSWI [LS EVI VMGL ERH HMWXMRKYMWLIH WS XSS MR IZIV] QER FI LI
RIZIVWSRSFPIERHHMKRMJMIHXLIVIMWMRXLIHITXLSJLMWREXYVIEQSFSJPS[
ERHZYPKEVHIWMVIW[LMGLGSRWXMXYXILMQERERMQEP-X[MPPRSXHSXSPIXXLMWQSFVIZSPXSVIZIRWSQYGLEWTIITJSVXLJVSQMXWLMHMRKTPEGIMXMWLMHISYWSJQMIRERH MXW VIFIP PIEHIVW EVI XLSWI JPMKLXW SJ MQEKMREXMSR [LMGL - LEZI FIIR
HIWGVMFMRK8LIWQEPPIWXERRS]ERGI[LIXLIVMXGSQIWJVSQSYVJIPPS[QIRSVJVSQ XLI XLMRKW EVSYRH YW QE] W[IPP YT MRXS E QSRWXIV SJ HVIEHJYP EWTIGXTYXXMRKYWEXSYV[MXWIRHERHEPPFIGEYWI[IKSSRFVSSHMRKSZIVSYVXVSYFPIWERHTEMRXMRKXLIQMRXLIQSWXKPEVMRKGSPSVWERHSRXLIPEVKIWXWGEPI-XMWQYGLFIXXIVXS XEOIE ZIV]GEPQERHTVSWEMGZMI[SJ[LEXMWHMWEKVIIEFPIJSVXLEXMWXLIIEWMIWX[E]SJFIEVMRKMX
-J]SYLSPHWQEPPSFNIGXWGPSWIXS]SYVI]IW]SYPMQMX]SYVJMIPHSJZMWMSRERHWLYXSYXXLI[SVPH%RHMRXLIWEQI[E]XLITISTPISVXLIXLMRKW[LMGLWXERH
RIEVIWXIZIRXLSYKLXLI]EVISJXLIZIV]WQEPPIWXGSRWIUYIRGIEVIETXXSGPEMQEREQSYRXSJEXXIRXMSRQYGLFI]SRHXLIMVHYISGGYT]MRKYWHMWEKVIIEFP]ERH
PIEZMRK RS VSSQ JSV WIVMSYWXLSYKLXW ERH EJJEMVW SJ MQTSVXERGI ;I SYKLX XS[SVOEKEMRWXXLMWXIRHIRG]
7)'8-32
8LIWMKLXSJXLMRKW[LMGLHSRSXFIPSRKXSYWMWZIV]ETXXSVEMWIXLIXLSYKLX
%LMJXLEX[IVISRP]QMRIQEOMRKYWWIRWMFPISJSYVTVMZEXMSR-RWXIEHSJXLEX[IWLSYPHHSFIXXIVF]QSVIJVIUYIRXP]TYXXMRKXSSYVWIPZIWXLISTTSWMXIGEWI
%LMJXLEX[IVIRSXQMRI;LEX-QIERMWXLEX[IWLSYPHWSQIXMQIWXV]XSPSSOYTSR SYV TSWWIWWMSRW MR XLI PMKLX MR [LMGL XLI] [SYPH ETTIEV MJ [I LEH PSWXXLIQ [LEXIZIV XLI] QE] FI TVSTIVX] LIEPXL JVMIRHW E [MJI SV GLMPH SVWSQISRIIPWI[IPSZISYVLSVWISVSYVHSKMXMWYWYEPP]SRP][LIR[ILEZIPSWXXLIQXLEX[IFIKMRXSJMRHSYXXLIMVZEPYI&YXMJ[IGSQIXSPSSOEXXLMRKWMRXLI[E]-VIGSQQIRH[IWLEPPFIHSYFP]XLIKEMRIVW[IWLEPPEXSRGIKIXQSVITPIEWYVISYXSJXLIQXLER[IHMHFIJSVIERH[IWLEPPHSIZIV]XLMRKMRSYVTS[IVXSTVIZIRXXLIPSWWSJXLIQJSVMRWXERGIF]RSXVMWOMRKSYVTVSTIVX]SVERKIVMRK SYV JVMIRHW SV I\TSWMRK SYV [MZIW XS XIQTXEXMSR SV FIMRK GEVIPIWWEFSYXSYVGLMPHVIRWLIEPXLERHWSSR
;ISJXIRXV]XSFERMWLXLIKPSSQERHHIWTSRHIRG]SJXLITVIWIRXF]WTIGYPEXMRKYTSRSYVGLERGIWSJWYGGIWWMRXLIJYXYVIETVSGIWW[LMGLPIEHWYWXSMRZIRXEKVIEXQER]GLMQIVMGEPLSTIW)ZIV]SRISJXLIQGSRXEMRWXLIKIVQSJMPPYWMSRERHHMWETTSMRXQIRXMWMRIZMXEFPI[LIRSYVLSTIWEVIWLEXXIVIHF]XLILEVHJEGXWSJPMJI
-XMWPIWWLYVXJYPXSXEOIXLIGLERGIWSJQMWJSVXYRIEWEXLIQIJSVWTIGYPEXMSRFIGEYWIMRHSMRKWS[ITVSZMHISYVWIPZIWEXSRGI[MXLQIEWYVIWSJTVIGEYXMSR
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EKEMRWXMXERHETPIEWERXWYVTVMWI[LIRMXJEMPWXSQEOIMXWETTIEVERGI-WMXRSXEJEGXXLEX[IEP[E]WJIIPEQEVOIHMQTVSZIQIRXMRSYVWTMVMXW[LIR[IFIKMRXSKIXSZIVETIVMSHSJER\MIX]#-QE]KSJYVXLIVERHWE]XLEXXLIVIMWWSQIYWIMR
SGGEWMSREPP]PSSOMRKYTSRXIVVMFPIQMWJSVXYRIWWYGLEWQMKLXLETTIRXS YWEW
XLSYKL XLI] LEH EGXYEPP] LETTIRIH JSV XLIR XLI XVMZMEP VIZIVWIW [LMGLWYFWIUYIRXP] GSQI MR VIEPMX] EVI QYGL IEWMIV XS FIEV -X MW E WSYVGI SJGSRWSPEXMSRXSPSSOFEGOYTSRXLSWIKVIEXQMWJSVXYRIW[LMGLRIZIVLETTIRIH
&YXMRJSPPS[MRKSYXXLMWVYPIGEVIQYWXFIXEOIRRSXXSRIKPIGX[LEX-LEZIWEMHMRXLITVIGIHMRKWIGXMSR
7)'8-32
8LIXLMRKW[LMGLIRKEKISYVEXXIRXMSR[LIXLIVXLI]EVIQEXXIVWSJFYWMRIWWSVSVHMREV]IZIRXWEVISJWYGLHMZIVWIOMRHWXLEXMJXEOIRUYMXIWITEVEXIP]ERHMR
RSJM\IHSVHIVSVVIPEXMSRXLI]TVIWIRXEQIHPI]SJXLIQSWXKPEVMRKGSRXVEWXW[MXL RSXLMRK MR GSQQSR I\GITX XLEX XLI] SRI ERH EPP EJJIGX YW MR TEVXMGYPEV8LIVIQYWXFIEGSVVIWTSRHMRKEFVYTXRIWWMRXLIXLSYKLXWERHER\MIXMIW[LMGLXLIWIZEVMSYWQEXXIVWEVSYWIMRYWMJSYVXLSYKLXWEVIXSFIMROIITMRK[MXLXLIMV
ZEVMSYW WYFNIGXW 8LIVIJSVI MR WIXXMRK EFSYX ER]XLMRK XLI JMVWX WXIT MW XS[MXLHVE[ SYV EXXIRXMSR JVSQ IZIV]XLMRK IPWI XLMW [MPP IREFPI YW XS EXXIRH XS
IEGLQEXXIVEXMXWS[RXMQIERHXSIRNS]SVTYXYT[MXLMXUYMXIETEVXJVSQER]XLSYKLXSJSYVVIQEMRMRKMRXIVIWXW3YVXLSYKLXWQYWXFIEVVERKIHEWMX[IVIMR
PMXXPIHVE[IVWWSXLEX[IQE]STIRSRI[MXLSYXHMWXYVFMRKER]SJXLISXLIVW
-RXLMW[E][IGEROIITXLILIEZ]FYVHIRSJER\MIX]JVSQ[IMKLMRKYTSRYWWSQYGLEWXSWTSMPXLIPMXXPITPIEWYVIWSJXLITVIWIRXSVJVSQVSFFMRKYWSJSYVVIWXSXLIV[MWIXLIGSRWMHIVEXMSRSJSRIQEXXIV[MPPMRXIVJIVI[MXLIZIV]SXLIVERHEXXIRXMSRXSWSQIMQTSVXERXFYWMRIWWQE]PIEHYWXSRIKPIGXQER]EJJEMVW[LMGLLETTIRXSFISJPIWWQSQIRX-XMWQSWXMQTSVXERXJSVIZIV]SRI[LSMWGETEFPI SJ LMKLIV ERH RSFPIV XLSYKLXW XS OIIT XLIMV QMRH JVSQ FIMRK WSGSQTPIXIP]IRKVSWWIH[MXLTVMZEXIEJJEMVWERHZYPKEVXVSYFPIWEWXSPIXXLIQXEOIYT EPP LMW EXXIRXMSR ERH GVS[H SYX [SVXLMIV QEXXIV JSV XLEX MW MR E ZIV] VIEPWIRWIXSPSWIWMKLXSJXLIXVYIIRHSJPMJITVSTXIVZMXEQZMZIRHMTIVHIVIGEYWEW
3JGSYVWIJSVXLMWEWJSVWSQYGLIPWIWIPJGSRXVSPMWRIGIWWEV][MXLSYXMX[IGERRSXQEREKISYVWIPZIWMRXLI[E]-LEZIHIWGVMFIH%RHWIPJGSRXVSPQE]RSXETTIEVWSZIV]HMJJMGYPXMJ[IGSRWMHIVXLEXIZIV]QERLEWXSWYFQMXXSEKVIEXHIEPSJZIV]WIZIVIGSRXVSPSRXLITEVXSJLMWWYVVSYRHMRKWERHXLEX[MXLSYXMXRSJSVQSJI\MWXIRGIMWTSWWMFPI *YVXLIV E PMXXPI WIPJGSRXVSP EXXLI VMKLXQSQIRXQE]TVIZIRXQYGLWYFWIUYIRXGSQTYPWMSREXXLILERHWSJSXLIVWNYWXEWEZIV]WQEPPWIGXMSRSJEGMVGPIGPSWIXSXLIGIRXVIQE]GSVVIWTSRHXSETEVXRIEVXLIGMVGYQJIVIRGIELYRHVIHXMQIWEWPEVKI2SXLMRK[MPPTVSXIGXYWJVSQI\XIVREPGSQTYPWMSRWSQYGLEWXLIGSRXVSPSJSYVWIPZIWERHEW7IRIGEWE]WXSWYFQMX
]SYVWIPJXSVIEWSRMWXLI[E]XSQEOIIZIV]XLMRKIPWIWYFQMXXS]SYWMXMFMZMWSQRME WYFNMGIVI XI WYFNMGI VEXMSRM 7IPJGSRXVSP XSS MW WSQIXLMRK [LMGL [I
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LEZIMRSYVS[RTS[IVERHMJXLI[SVWXGSQIWXSXLI[SVWXERHMXXSYGLIWYWMREZIV]WIRWMXMZITEVX[IGEREP[E]WVIPE\MXWWIZIVMX]&YXSXLIVTISTPI[MPPTE]RSVIKEVHXSSYVJIIPMRKWMJXLI]LEZIXSYWIGSQTYPWMSRERH[IWLEPPFIXVIEXIH
[MXLSYXTMX]SVQIVG]8LIVIJSVIMX[MPPFITVYHIRXXSERXMGMTEXIGSQTYPWMSRF]
WIPJGSRXVSP
7)'8-32
;IQYWXWIXPMQMXWXSSYV[MWLIWGYVFSYVHIWMVIWQSHIVEXISYVERKIVEP[E]WVIQIQFIVMRK XLEX ER MRHMZMHYEP GER EXXEMR SRP] ER MRJMRMXIWMQEP WLEVI MRER]XLMRKXLEXMW[SVXLLEZMRKERHXLEXSRXLISXLIVLERHIZIV]SRIQYWXMRGYVQER] SJ XLI MPPW SJ PMJI MR E [SVH [I QYWX FIEV ERH JSVFIEVEFWXMRIVI IXWYWXMRIVIERHMJ[IJEMPXSSFWIVZIXLMWVYPIRSTSWMXMSRSJ[IEPXLSVTS[IV[MPPTVIZIRX YW JVSQ JIIPMRK [VIXGLIH 8LMW MW [LEX ,SVEGI QIERW [LIR LI
VIGSQQIRHWYWXSWXYH]GEVIJYPP]ERHMRUYMVIHMPMKIRXP][LEX[MPPFIWXTVSQSXIEXVERUYMPPMJIRSXXSFIEP[E]WEKMXEXIHF]JVYMXPIWWHIWMVIWERHJIEVWERHLSTIWJSVXLMRKW[LMGLEJXIVEPPEVIRSX[SVXLZIV]QYGL
-RXIVGYRGXEPIKIWIXTIVGSRXEFIVIHSGXSW5YEVEXMSRIUYIEWXVEHYGIVIPIRMXIVEIZYQ2IXIWIQTIVMRSTWEKMXIXZI\IXUYIGYTMHS2ITEZSVIXVIVYQQIHMSGVMXIVYXMPMYQWTIW
7)'8-32
0MJIGSRWMWXWMRQSZIQIRXWE]W%VMWXSXPIERHLIMWSFZMSYWP]VMKLX;II\MWXTL]WMGEPP]FIGEYWISYVSVKERMWQMWXLIWIEXSJGSRWXERXQSXMSRERHMJ[IEVIXS
I\MWXMRXIPPIGXYEPP]MXGERSRP]FIF]QIERWSJGSRXMRYEPSGGYTEXMSRRSQEXXIV[MXL[LEXWSPSRKEWMXMWWSQIJSVQSJ TVEGXMGEP SVQIRXEPEGXMZMX]=SYQE]
WIIXLEXXLMWMWWSF]XLI[E]MR[LMGLTISTPI[LSLEZIRS[SVOSVRSXLMRKXSXLMROEFSYXMQQIHMEXIP]FIKMRXSFIEXXLIHIZMPWXEXXSS[MXLXLIMVORYGOPIWSVE
WXMGOSVER]XLMRKXLEXGSQIWLERH]8LIXVYXLMWXLEXSYVREXYVIMWIWWIRXMEPP]VIWXPIWW MR MXW GLEVEGXIV [I ZIV] WSSR KIX XMVIH SJ LEZMRK RSXLMRK XS HS MX MWMRXSPIVEFPIFSVIHSQ8LMWMQTYPWIXSEGXMZMX]WLSYPHFIVIKYPEXIHERHWSQIWSVX
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
PEFSVERHSJGSYVWIXLILMKLIVXLI[SVOXLIKVIEXIVTPIEWYVIMX[MPPKMZI
)TMWX-\ZMMM
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*VSQ XLMW TSMRX SJ ZMI[ XLSWI EVI LETTMIWX SJ EPP [LS EVI GSRWGMSYW SJ XLITS[IVXSTVSHYGIKVIEX[SVOWERMQEXIHF]WSQIWMKRMJMGERXTYVTSWIMXKMZIWELMKLIVOMRHSJMRXIVIWXEWSVXSJVEVIJPEZSVXSXLI[LSPISJXLIMVPMJI[LMGLF]
MXW EFWIRGI JVSQ XLI PMJI SJ XLI SVHMREV] QER QEOIW MX MR GSQTEVMWSR
WSQIXLMRKZIV]MRWMTMH*SVVMGLP]IRHS[IHREXYVIWPMJIERHXLI[SVPHLEZIEWTIGMEP MRXIVIWX FI]SRH XLI QIVI IZIV]HE] TIVWSREP MRXIVIWX [LMGL WS QER]SXLIVWWLEVIERHWSQIXLMRKLMKLIVXLERXLEXEJSVQEPMRXIVIWX-XMWJVSQPMJI
ERHXLI[SVPHXLEXXLI]KIXXLIQEXIVMEPJSVXLIMV[SVOWERHEWWSSREWXLI]EVIJVIIH JVSQ XLI TVIWWYVI SJ TIVWSREP RIIHW MX MW XS XLI HMPMKIRX GSPPIGXMSR SJQEXIVMEPXLEXXLI]HIZSXIXLIMV[LSPI I\MWXIRGI7S[MXLXLIMV MRXIPPIGX MXMW XSWSQII\XIRXSJEX[SJSPHGLEVEGXIVERHHIZSXIHTEVXP]XSXLISVHMREV]EJJEMVWSJIZIV] HE]XLSWI QEXXIVW SJ [MPP [LMGL EVI GSQQSR XS XLIQ ERH XLI VIWX SJQEROMRH ERH TEVXP] XS XLIMV TIGYPMEV [SVOXLI TYVI ERH SFNIGXMZIGSRXIQTPEXMSR SJ I\MWXIRGI %RH [LMPI SR XLI WXEKI SJ XLI [SVPH QSWX QIR
TPE]XLIMVPMXXPITEVXERHXLIRTEWWE[E]XLIKIRMYWPMZIWEHSYFPIPMJIEXSRGIEREGXSVERHEWTIGXEXSV
0IXIZIV]SRIXLIRHSWSQIXLMRKEGGSVHMRKXSXLIQIEWYVISJLMWGETEGMXMIW8S
LEZI RS VIKYPEV [SVO RS WIX WTLIVI SJ EGXMZMX][LEX E QMWIVEFPI XLMRK MX MW,S[ SJXIR PSRK XVEZIPW YRHIVXEOIR JSV TPIEWYVI QEOI E QER HS[RVMKLX
YRLETT]FIGEYWIXLIEFWIRGISJER]XLMRKXLEXGERFIGEPPIHSGGYTEXMSRJSVGIWLMQEWMX[IVISYXSJLMWVMKLXIPIQIRX)JJSVXWXVYKKPIW[MXLHMJJMGYPXMIWXLEX
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
[LMGLMWMRXSPIVEFPI%W-LEZIVIQEVOIH HMJJMGMPMWMRSXMSUYMIWMXMWHMJJMGYPXXSOIITUYMIXMJ]SYLEZIRSXLMRKXSHS
7)'8-32
%QERWLSYPH EZSMHFIMRK PIH SRF]XLI TLERXSQWSJLMW MQEKMREXMSR 8LMWMWRSXXLIWEQIXLMRKEWXSWYFQMXXSXLIKYMHERGISJMHIEWGPIEVP]XLSYKLXSYXERH]IXXLIWIEVIVYPIWSJPMJI[LMGLQSWXTISTPITIVZIVX-J]SYI\EQMRIGPSWIP]MRXSXLIGMVGYQWXERGIW[LMGLMRER]HIPMFIVEXMSRYPXMQEXIP]XYVRXLIWGEPIMRJEZSVSJWSQITEVXMGYPEVGSYVWI]SY[MPPKIRIVEPP]JMRHXLEXXLIHIGMWMSRMWMRJPYIRGIH
RSX F] ER] GPIEV EVVERKIQIRX SJ MHIEW PIEHMRK XS E JSVQEP NYHKQIRX FYX F]
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WSQI JERGMJYP TMGXYVI [LMGL WIIQW XS WXERH JSV SRI SJ XLI EPXIVREXMZIW MRUYIWXMSR
-RSRISJ:SPXEMVIWSV(MHIVSXWVSQERGIW-JSVKIXXLITVIGMWIVIJIVIRGIXLILIVSWXERHMRKPMOIE]SYRK,IVGYPIWEXXLITEVXMRKSJ[E]WGERWIIRSSXLIV
VITVIWIRXEXMSRSJ:MVXYIXLERLMWSPHXYXSVLSPHMRKEWRYJJFS\MRLMWPIJXLERHJVSQ[LMGLLIXEOIWETMRGLERHQSVEPM^IW[LMPWX:MGIETTIEVWMRXLIWLETISJ
LMWQSXLIVWGLEQFIVQEMH-XMWMR]SYXLQSVIIWTIGMEPP]XLEXXLIKSEPSJSYVIJJSVXW GSQIW XS FI E JERGMJYP TMGXYVI SJLETTMRIWW [LMGL GSRXMRYIWXS LSZIV
FIJSVISYVI]IWWSQIXMQIWJSVLEPJERHIZIRJSVXLI[LSPISJSYVPMJIEWSVXSJQSGOMRKWTMVMXJSV[LIR[IXLMROSYVHVIEQMWXSFIVIEPM^IHXLITMGXYVIJEHIW
E[E] PIEZMRK YW XLI ORS[PIHKI XLEX RSXLMRK SJ [LEX MX TVSQMWIH MW EGXYEPP]EGGSQTPMWLIH,S[SJXIRXLMWMWWS[MXLXLIZMWMSRWSJHSQIWXMGMX]XLIHIXEMPIHTMGXYVISJ[LEXSYVLSQI[MPPFIPMOISVSJPMJIEQSRKSYVJIPPS[GMXM^IRWSVMR
WSGMIX]SVEKEMRSJPMZMRKMRXLIGSYRXV]XLIOMRHSJLSYWI[IWLEPPLEZIMXWWYVVSYRHMRKWXLIQEVOWSJLSRSVERHVIWTIGXXLEX[MPPFITEMHXSYWERHWSSR
[LEXIZIVSYVLSFF]QE]FIGLEUYIJSYEWEQEVSXXI-XMWSJXIRXLIWEQIXSS[MXLSYVHVIEQWEFSYXSRI[IPSZI%RHXLMWMWEPPUYMXIREXYVEPJSVXLIZMWMSRW
[IGSRNYVIYTEJJIGXYWHMVIGXP]EWXLSYKLXLI][IVIVIEPSFNIGXWERHWSXLI]I\IVGMWIEQSVIMQQIHMEXIMRJPYIRGIYTSRSYV[MPPXLEREREFWXVEGXMHIE[LMGL
KMZIWQIVIP]EZEKYIKIRIVEPSYXPMRIHIZSMHSJHIXEMPWERHXLIHIXEMPWEVINYWXXLIVIEPTEVXSJMX;IGERFISRP]MRHMVIGXP]EJJIGXIHF]EREFWXVEGXMHIEERH]IX
MXMWXLIEFWXVEGXMHIEEPSRI[LMGL[MPPHSEWQYGLEWMXTVSQMWIWERHMXMWXLIJYRGXMSRSJIHYGEXMSRXSXIEGLYWXSTYXSYVXVYWXMRMX3JGSYVWIXLIEFWXVEGXMHIEQYWXFISGGEWMSREPP]I\TPEMRIHTEVETLVEWIHEWMX[IVIF]XLIEMHSJTMGXYVIWFYXHMWGVIIXP]GYQKVERSWEPMW
7)'8-32
8LITVIGIHMRKVYPIQE]FIXEOIREWEWTIGMEPGEWISJXLIQSVIKIRIVEPQE\MQXLEX E QER WLSYPH RIZIV PIX LMQWIPJ FI QEWXIVIH F] XLI MQTVIWWMSRW SJ XLIQSQIRXSVMRHIIHF]SYX[EVHETTIEVERGIWEXEPP[LMGLEVIMRGSQTEVEFP]QSVITS[IVJYP MRXLIMV IJJIGXWXLERXLI QIVITPE]SJ XLSYKLXSV EXVEMRSJMHIEW RSXFIGEYWI XLIWI QSQIRXEV] MQTVIWWMSRW EVI VMGL MR ZMVXYI SJ XLI HEXE XLI]WYTTP]MXMWSJXIRNYWXXLIGSRXVEV]FYXFIGEYWIXLI]EVIWSQIXLMRKTEPTEFPIXSXLIWIRWIWERHHMVIGXMRXLIMV[SVOMRKXLI]JSVGMFP]MRZEHISYVQMRHHMWXYVFMRKSYVVITSWIERHWLEXXIVMRKSYVVIWSPYXMSRW
-X MW IEW] XS YRHIVWXERH XLEX XLI XLMRK [LMGL PMIW FIJSVI SYV ZIV] I]IW [MPPTVSHYGIXLI[LSPISJMXWIJJIGXEXSRGIFYXXLEXXMQIERHPIMWYVIEVIRIGIWWEV]JSVXLI[SVOMRKSJXLSYKLXERHXLIETTVIGMEXMSRSJEVKYQIRXEWMXMWMQTSWWMFPIXS XLMRO SJ IZIV]XLMRK EX SRI ERH XLI WEQI QSQIRX 8LMW MW [L] [I EVI WSEPPYVIH F] TPIEWYVI MR WTMXI SJ EPP SYV HIXIVQMREXMSR XS VIWMWX MX SV WS QYGL
ERRS]IH F] E GVMXMGMWQ IZIR XLSYKL [I ORS[ XLEX MXW EYXLSV MX XSXEPP]MRGSQTIXIRXXSNYHKISVWSMVVMXEXIHF]ERMRWYPXXLSYKLMXGSQIWJVSQWSQI
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ZIV]GSRXIQTXMFPIUYEVXIV-RXLIWEQI[E]XSQIRXMSRRSSXLIVMRWXERGIWXIRVIEWSRWJSVXLMROMRKXLEXXLIVIMWRSHERKIVQE]FISYX[IMKLIHF]SRIQMWXEOIRRSXMSRXLEXMXMWEGXYEPP]EXLERH%PPXLMWWLS[WXLIVEHMGEPYRVIEWSRSJLYQER
REXYVI;SQIRJVIUYIRXP]WYGGYQFEPXSKIXLIVXSXLMWTVIHSQMREXMRKMRJPYIRGI
SJTVIWIRXMQTVIWWMSRWERHXLIVIEVIJI[QIRWSSZIV[IMKLXIH[MXLVIEWSREWXSIWGETIWYJJIVMRKJVSQEWMQMPEVGEYWI
-JMXMWMQTSWWMFPIXSVIWMWXXLIIJJIGXWSJWSQII\XIVREPMRJPYIRGIF]XLIQIVITPE] SJ XLSYKLX XLI FIWX XLMRK XS HS MW XS RIYXVEPM I MX F] WSQI GSRXVEV]
MRJPYIRGIJSVI\EQTPIXLIIJJIGXSJERMRWYPXQE]FISZIVGSQIF]WIIOMRKXLIWSGMIX]SJXLSWI[LSLEZIEKSSHSTMRMSRSJYWERHXLIYRTPIEWERXWIRWEXMSRSJ
MQQMRIRX HERKIV QE] FI EZSMHIH F] JM\MRK SYV EXXIRXMSR SR XLI QIERW SJ[EVHMRKMXSJJ
0IMFRMX^
XIPPWSJER-XEPMER[LSQEREKIHXSFIEVYTYRHIVXLIXSVXYVIWSJXLIVEGOF]RIZIVJSVEQSQIRXGIEWMRKXSXLMROSJXLIKEPPS[W[LMGL[SYPHLEZIE[EMXIHLMQLEHLIVIZIEPIHLMWWIGVIXLIOITXSRGV]MRKSYX-WIIMX-WIIMXEJXIV[EVHWI\TPEMRMRKXLEXXLMW[EWTEVXSJLMWTPER
-XMWJVSQWSQIWYGLVIEWSREWXLMWXLEX[IJMRHMXWSHMJJMGYPXXSWXERHEPSRIMREQEXXIV SJ STMRMSRRSX XS FI QEHI MVVIWSPYXI F] XLI JEGX XLEX IZIV]SRI IPWIHMWEKVIIW[MXLYWERHEGXWEGGSVHMRKP]IZIRXLSYKL[IEVIUYMXIWYVIXLEXXLI]EVIMRXLI[VSRK8EOIXLIGEWISJEJYKMXMZIOMRK[LSMWXV]MRKXSEZSMHGETXYVILS[QYGLGSRWSPEXMSRLIQYWXJMRHMRXLIGIVIQSRMSYWERHWYFQMWWMZIEXXMXYHI
SJE JEMXLJYPJSPPS[IVI\LMFMXIH WIGVIXP]WSEW RSX XSFIXVE]LMW QEWXIVWWXVMGXMRGSKRMXS MX QYWX FI EPQSWX RIGIWWEV] XS TVIZIRX LMQ HSYFXMRK LMW S[RI\MWXIRGI
7)'8-32
-RXLIJMVWXTEVXSJXLMW[SVO-LEZIMRWMWXIHYTSRXLIKVIEXZEPYISJ LIEPXLEWXLIGLMIJERHQSWXMQTSVXERXIPIQIRXMRLETTMRIWW0IXQIIQTLEWM^IERHGSRJMVQ[LEX-LEZIXLIVIWEMHF]KMZMRKEJI[KIRIVEPVYPIWEWXSMXWTVIWIVZEXMSR
8LI[E]XSLEVHIRXLIFSH]MWXSMQTSWIEKVIEXHIEPSJPEFSVERHIJJSVXYTSRMXMR XLI HE]W SJ KSSHLIEPXLXS I\IVGMWI MX FSXL EWE [LSPI ERH MR MXW WIZIVEPTEVXWERHXSLEFMXYEXIMXXS[MXLWXERHEPPOMRHWSJRS\MSYWMRJPYIRGIW&YXSRXLIETTIEVERGISJERMPPRIWWSVHMWSVHIVIMXLIVMRXLIFSH]EWE[LSPISVMRQER]SJ
MXWTEVXWEGSRXVEV]GSYVWIWLSYPHFIXEOIRERHIZIV]QIERWYWIHXSRYVWIXLIFSH]SVXLITEVXSJMX [LMGLMWEJJIGXIHERHXSWTEVIMXER]IJJSVXJSV[LEXMW
EMPMRKERHHIFMPMXEXIHGERRSXFILEVHIRIH
8LI QYWGPIW QE] FI WXVIRKXLIRIH F] E ZMKSVSYW YWI SJ XLIQ FYX RSX WS XLIRIVZIW XLI] EVI [IEOIRIH F] MX 8LIVIJSVI [LMPI I\IVGMWMRK XLI QYWGPIW MRIZIV][E]XLEXMWWYMXEFPIGEVIWLSYPHFIXEOIRXSWTEVIXLIRIVZIWEWQYGLEW2SYZIEY\)WWEMW0MZ-GL7IG
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TSWWMFPI8LII]IWJSVMRWXERGIWLSYPHFITVSXIGXIHJVSQXSSWXVSRKEPMKLXIWTIGMEPP][LIRMXMWVIJPIGXIHPMKLXJVSQER]WXVEMRMRKSJXLIQMRXLIHEVOSVJVSQXLIPSRKGSRXMRYIHI\EQMREXMSRSJQMRYXISFNIGXWERHXLIIEVWJVSQXSS
PSYHWSYRHW%FSZIEPPXLIFVEMRWLSYPHRIZIVFIJSVGIHSVYWIHXSSQYGLSV
EX XLI [VSRK XMQI PIX MX LEZI E VIWX HYVMRK HMKIWXMSR JSV XLIR XLI WEQI ZMXEPIRIVK] [LMGL JSVQW XLSYKLXW MR XLI FVEMR LEW E KVIEX HIEP SJ [SVO XS HSIPWI[LIVI-QIERMRXLIHMKIWXMZISVKERW[LIVIMXTVITEVIWGL]QIERHGL]PI
*SVWMQMPEVVIEWSRWXLIFVEMRWLSYPHRIZIVFIYWIHHYVMRKSVMQQIHMEXIP]EJXIVZMSPIRXQYWGYPEVI\IVGMWI*SVXLIQSXSVRIVZIWEVIMRXLMWVIWTIGXSRETEV[MXLXLI WIRWSV] RIVZIW XLI TEMR JIPX [LIR E PMQF MW [SYRHIH LEW MXW WIEX MR XLIFVEMRERHMRXLIWEQI[E]MXMWRSXVIEPP]SYVPIKWERHEVQW[LMGL[SVOERHQSZIMX MW XLI FVEMR SV QSVI WXVMGXP] XLEX TEVX SJ MX [LMGL XLVSYKL XLIQIHMYQ SJXLIWTMRI I\GMXIWXLI RIVZIWMRXLI PMQFWERHWIXWXLIQMRQSXMSR%GGSVHMRKP][LIRSYVEVQWERHPIKWJIIPXMVIHXLIXVYIWIEXSJXLMWJIIPMRKMWMR
XLIFVEMR8LMWMW[L]MXMWSRP]MRGSRRIGXMSR[MXLXLSWIQYWGPIW[LMGLEVIWIXMRQSXMSRGSRWGMSYWP]ERHZSPYRXEVMP]MRSXLIV[SVHWHITIRHJSVXLIMVEGXMSRYTSRXLIFVEMRXLEXER]JIIPMRKSJJEXMKYIGEREVMWIXLMWMWRSXXLIGEWI[MXLXLSWIQYWGPIW[LMGL[SVOMRZSPYRXEVMP]PMOIXLILIEVX-XMWSFZMSYWXLIRXLEXMRNYV]MWHSRIXSXLIFVEMRMJZMSPIRXQYWGYPEVI\IVGMWIERHMRXIPPIGXYEPI\IVXMSREVIJSVGIHYTSRMXEXXLIWEQIQSQIRXSVEXZIV]WLSVXMRXIVZEPW
;LEX-WE]WXERHWMRRSGSRXVEHMGXMSR[MXLXLIJEGXXLEXEXXLIFIKMRRMRKSJE
[EPOSVEXER]TIVMSHSJEWLSVXWXVSPPXLIVISJXIRGSQIWEJIIPMRKSJIRLERGIHMRXIPPIGXYEPZMKSV8LITEVXWSJXLIFVEMRXLEXGSQIMRXSTPE]LEZILEHRSXMQIXSFIGSQIXMVIHERHFIWMHIWWPMKLXQYWGYPEVI\IVGMWIGSRHYGIWXSEGXMZMX]SJXLIVIWTMVEXSV] SVKERW ERH GEYWIW E TYVIV ERH QSVI S\]HEXIH WYTTP] SJ EVXIVMEPFPSSHXSQSYRXXSXLIFVEMR
-X MW QSWX MQTSVXERX XS EPPS[ XLI FVEMR XLI JYPP QIEWYVI SJ WPIIT [LMGL MW
VIUYMVIHXSVIWXSVIMXJSVWPIITMWXSEQERW[LSPIREXYVI[LEX[MRHMRKYTMWXSEGPSGO8LMWQIEWYVI[MPPZEV]HMVIGXP][MXLXLIHIZIPSTQIRXERHEGXMZMX]SJ
XLIFVEMRXSSZIVWXITXLIQIEWYVIMWQIVI[EWXISJXMQIFIGEYWIMJXLEXMWHSRIWPIITKEMRWSRP]WSQYGLMRPIRKXLEWMXPSWIWMRHITXL
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
PMJI[LMGLMWI\LEYWXIHF]XLIHE]PIWSQQIMPIWXYRIQTVYRXJEMXEPEQSVX3VMXQMKLXFI
WEMHXLEXWPIITMWXLIMRXIVIWX[ILEZIXSTE]SRXLIGETMXEP[LMGLMWGEPPIHMREXHIEXLERHXLILMKLIVXLIVEXISJMRXIVIWXERHXLIQSVIVIKYPEVP]MXMWTEMHXLIJYVXLIVXLIHEXISJVIHIQTXMSRMWTSWXTSRIH
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IWWIRXMEP JYRGXMSR [LMGL GSRWMWXW MR EP[E]W ERH YR[IEVMIHP] XLMROMRKLEWYRHSYFXIHP]HVMZIRQER]TISTPIXSJSSPMWLTVEGXMGIWPIEHMRKXSEHIEHIRMRKSJXLIMRXIPPIGXYEPTS[IVW*VIHIVMGOXLI+VIEXIZIRSRGIXVMIHXSJSVQXLILEFMXSJ
HSMRK [MXLSYX WPIIT EPXSKIXLIV -X [SYPH FI [IPP MJ TVSJIWWSVW SJ TLMPSWSTL]
VIJVEMRIHJVSQKMZMRKGYVVIRG]XSERSXMSR[LMGLMWEXXIRHIHF]TVEGXMGEPVIWYPXWSJETIVRMGMSYWGLEVEGXIVFYXXLIRXLMWMWNYWX[LEXTVSJIWWSVMEPTLMPSWSTL]HSIWMRMXWSPH[SQERMWLIRHIEZSVXSOIITSRKSSHXIVQW[MXLXLIGEXIGLMWQ%QER
WLSYPHEGGYWXSQLMQWIPJXSZMI[LMWMRXIPPIGXYEPGETEGMXMIWMRRSSXLIVPMKLXXLERXLEX SJ TL]WMSPSKMGEP JYRGXMSRW ERH XS QEREKI XLIQ EGGSVHMRKP]RYVWMRK SVI\IVGMWMRKXLIQEWXLIGEWIQE]FIVIQIQFIVMRKXLEXIZIV]OMRHSJTL]WMGEPWYJJIVMRK QEPEH] SV HMWSVHIV MR [LEXIZIV TEVX SJ XLI FSH] MX SGGYVW LEW MXWIJJIGXYTSRXLIQMRH8LIFIWXEHZMGIXLEX-ORS[SRXLMWWYFNIGXMWKMZIRF]'EFERMWMRLMW6ETTSVXWHYTL]WMUYIIXHYQSVEPHIPLSQQI
8LVSYKL RIKPIGX SJ XLMW VYPI QER] QIR SJ KIRMYW ERH KVIEX WGLSPEVW LEZIFIGSQI[IEOQMRHIHERHGLMPHMWLSVIZIRKSRIUYMXIQEHEWXLI]KVI[SPH
8SXEOIRSSXLIVMRWXERGIWXLIVIGERFIRSHSYFXXLEXXLIGIPIFVEXIH)RKPMWLTSIXW SJ XLI IEVP] TEVX SJ XLMW GIRXYV] 7GSXX ;SVHW[SVXL 7SYXLI] FIGEQI
MRXIPPIGXYEPP]HYPPERHMRGETEFPIXS[EVHWXLIIRHSJXLIMVHE]WRE]WSSREJXIVTEWWMRKXLIMVWM\XMIXL]IEVERHXLEXXLIMVMQFIGMPMX]GERFIXVEGIHXSXLIJEGXXLEX
EXXLEXTIVMSHSJPMJIXLI][IVIEPPPIHSR#F]XLITVSQMWISJLMKLTE]XSXVIEXPMXIVEXYVIEWEXVEHIERHXS[VMXIJSVQSRI]8LMWWIHYGIHXLIQMRXSERYRREXYVEP
EFYWISJXLIMVMRXIPPIGXYEPTS[IVWERHEQER[LSTYXWLMW4IKEWYWMRXSLEVRIWWERHYVKIWSRLMW1YWI[MXLXLI[LMT[MPPLEZIXSTE]ETIREPX]WMQMPEVXSXLEX[LMGLMWI\EGXIHF]XLIEFYWISJSXLIVOMRHWSJTS[IV
%RHIZIRMRXLIGEWISJ/ERX-WYWTIGXXLEXXLIWIGSRHG