sci orthotics. review nomenclature spine support orthoses neck, thoracolumbarsacral joint support...
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SCI Orthotics
SCI Orthotics
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Review Nomenclature Spine support orthoses
Neck, ThoracoLumbarSacral Joint support orthoses
Typically lower limb motor loss adaptations Motor augmentation orthoses
Typically upper limb motor presence augmentation Protection orthoses
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Orthotic Definition
Device used to assist, resist, align or simulate function of a body part or system.
Typically applies forces to affected extremity.Force has magnitude, direction and application point.
Effectiveness depends on all 3.
Movement = rotation, translation or combination of 2.Torque is strength of rotational force.
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Orthotic Nomenclature
1971 – American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association promoted standardized nomenclature
1972 – new language put into use
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Committee on Prosthetic-Orthotic Education of the National Academy of
Sciences
All exoskeletal devices called orthotics Described by joints they encompass
Abbreviate each joint name to 1 letter Combination of symbols to indicate desired
control of designated function
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Orthotic Materials
Thin metal, plastic, foam, epoxy, plaster. Short use = low durability need High frequency & load = high durability need
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Spine Support
Goal is stabilization in desired plane of motionFlex/ext, sidebending, rotation
Absolute vs. relative restriction
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Cervical Orthoses
Halo SOMI, molded MINERVA cervical orthosis ASPEN, Miami, PHILLY MNDA for weak extensors (ALS) Headmaster collar Soft collar
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Cervical Orthoses Philly: AP motion limited to 30% normal, 43%
rotation, 67% side bend. SOMI: 13-27% sagittal motion, 34% rotation, 66%
side bend HALO: believed most restrictive, least overall C-spine
motion but individual “snaking” of vertebrae. Koch – 31% sagittal motion reduction in tetraplegia,
suggested intimate fit body vest was best. 1978
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ASPENCollar
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Miamicollar
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MNDA
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ThoracoLumbarSacral Orthoses
3 point force application theory No true immobilization, just limitation of
interspinous motion Limited sagittal control For effectiveness, must provide “inhibitory
feedback signal” over bony prominences to reduce patient movement efforts.
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LS Orthoses
Commonly used for back pain syndromes Little consistent data to support idea that disk
pressures reduced in lifting tasks.Nachemson A.
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TLSO types
Jewitt Knight-Taylor LS corsett Clamshell or turtleshell
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Limb Support Orthoses
Reciprocating gait orthosis HKAFO KAFO AFO
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Motor Augmentation Orthoses Cervical deficits can use substitution or enhancement Upper limb’s job = terminal device (hand) placement
in environment Feeding most important!
Balanced forearm orthosis (BFO), tenodesis devices, hand & digit flexion or extension assist orthoses, built up grips for grip loss.
General environmental control units Oromotor adaptive equipment
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Static Position Maintenance Orthoses
Common use in SCI, CVA Prevent contracture, maintain functional
position of hand.
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Interface technology for high cervical injuries
Eye movement tracking Sip & puff Voice recognition
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Eye Movements During Visual ScanEye Movements During Visual Scan
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Eye Movement Measurement Eye Movement Measurement TechniquesTechniques
• EOG
• Photoelectric
• Pupil Corneal Reflection
• Scleral Search Coil
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Electrooculography (EOG)Electrooculography (EOG)
Cornea Positively Charged Relative to Retina - A Rotating Dipole
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Scleral Search CoilScleral Search Coil
Contact Lens with Embedded Induction Coil
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PhotoelectricPhotoelectric
Infrared Reflectance TechniqueLimbus Eye Tracker
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Pupil Corneal Reflection SystemPupil Corneal Reflection System“Dark Pupil”“Dark Pupil”
IR Image of the Eye
Estimate ofPupil Center & Corneal Reflections
“Original” Hockey Helmet System
Mapping of Eye onto 2D CCD Array
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Human-Machine InterfacesHuman-Machine Interfaces Visual control of movement, Visual control of movement,
function or processesfunction or processes Visual control of systems from Visual control of systems from
a remote locationa remote location Combined ControlCombined Control
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Protection Orthoses
Skin protectionPRAFO, multi-Podus – many brand names
Not = heel pads, key is suspension of calcaneal posterior surface in space, no contact!
Risk of Achilles tendon irritation
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