Science AHSGE

Content Standard III-3, part 1- Invertebrates

The Animal Kingdom Multicellular with true

tissues Specialized eukaryotic

cells Muscular/nervous systems

unique to animals Have their own means of

locomotion Consumers- ingest food 1,326,239 classified

species 9,812,298 total species

Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate Invertebrates- Animals

lacking a backbone1. Phylum Porifera

2. Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

3. Phylum Nematoda

4. Phylum Platyhelminthes

5. Phylum Annelida

6. Phylum Mollusca

7. Phylum Echinodermata

8. Phylum Arthropoda

Vertebrates- Animals with a true backbone

• Phylum Chordata

1. Classes Agnatha, Osteichthyes, and Chondrichthyes

2. Class Amphibia

3. Class Reptilia

4. Class Aves

5. Class Mammalia

PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges

Asymmetrical- no symmetry Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia Larger openings are called oscula Sponges are sessile Bodies completely lack symmetry Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton) Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization

(sexual)

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata This phylum includes:

Jellyfish Hydra Coral (Calcium carbonate exoskeleton) Characteristics:

Radial symmetry Medusa- Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack

skeleton) Polyp- Sessile, tube-like body Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging cells

(cnidocytes/nematocysts) Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata Hydra (Top)

Jellyfish (Bottom)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata

Coral

Phylum Platyhelmithes Flatworms

Liver Flukes, Planaria and tapeworms Marine flatworms Characteristics:

Ribbon-like bodies Bilateral symmetry Branched digestive system No skeleton Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (sexual) Free movement Skin breathing

Phylum Platyhelmithes Tapeworm

Planaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Liver fluke

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Marine flatworm

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms

Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms Characteristics:

Flattened bodies Bilateral symmetry Many are parasites Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem Digestive tube No skeleton Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization) Free movement Skin breathinig

Phylum Nematoda Ascaris

Trichinella

Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis is

found in pork Trichinosis is a disease

caused by the Trichinella worm. Eggs hatch in the host’s

gut Symptoms:

Diarrhea Fever Muscle pain Death

Hookworms Hookworms attach to

the inside of the digestive tract

Often found in pets

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms

Crop and gizzard digestion Bilateral symmetry Internal fertilization (sexual) Hydrostatic endoskeleton Muscular movement Skin breathing Leeches

Used to be used in medicine to clean blood Earthworms

Benefits: Aerate the soil Provide nutrients to the soil

Phylum Annelida Earthworm

Leech

Phylum Annelida Marine segmented

worm

Phylum Echinodermata Marine animals Radial symmetry Endoskeleton of ossicles Water-vascular system for movement Spicules- spike-like projections Tube feet- suction cups External fertilization (sexual)

Phylum Echinodermata Types of Echinoderms:

Sand dollars Sea urchins Sea cucumbers Sea stars (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata Sea Urchin

Sea star (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata Sand dollar

Sea cucumber

Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs Mantle- Outer layer of the body No skeleton Radula- Tongue-like organ Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion Many have a shell to protect the soft body

Univalve- One-part shell Bivalve- Two-part shell

Sexual (external and internal fertilization)

Phylum Mollusca Types of Molluscs

Oysters Clams Mussells Snails Octopus Squid

Phylum Mollusca Oysters

Clams

Phylum Mollusca Mussells

Phylum Mollusca Snail

Octopus Ink- chemical

defense

Phylum Mollusca

Squid

Phylum Arthropoda Animals with:

Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Jointed legs- Bendable Compound eyes- Many lenses Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk Segmented bodies

Head Thorax Abdomen Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax

External and internal fertilization

Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per

segment Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per

segment

Class Crustacea

Barnacle Alaskan King Crab

Class Crustacea

Lobster Shrimp

Class Crustacea Crawfish

Crayfish

Class Insecta Ant

Cricket

Class Insecta Grasshopper

Societal insects(Hierarchy):

Ants, bees, wasps, hornets, and termites

Division of labor Castes- Roles played

by individuals

Class Insecta Left- Fly

Right- Hornet

Metamorphosis

Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult

Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph and grow into an adult.

Class Arachnida Black widow

House spider

Class Arachnida Brown recluse

Brown recluse bite

Class Arachnida

Scorpion

Class Chilopoda

Centipede

Class Diploda Millipede