Science EOG Sample Questions & Test Taking Strategies

Update your Table of Contents for today

We will be completing practice EOG questions each day for warm-up, so please start on page 18 and keep adding to it each day…so, number 1-15 for today’s questions!

Warm-up:

Date Session#

Activity Page#

5/10 13 Science EOG Practice Questions (keep adding to them each day)

18

Start a section separate from your class work that is for EOG review materials ONLY…maybe in the back of your notebook.

Go through the Chemistry Vocab List and circle the words you don’t remember!

Enrichment EOG Review

You need to know content vocabulary

You need to be able to read carefully and analyze exactly what the question is asking – especially if there is any type of graphic involved

You need to be able to eliminate answer choices

TOP 3 TIPS: Break It Down!

Basic Question Break Down

1-5 are random sample questions

A beaker with 100 mL of water is placed on a hot plate and heated. The water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. At what temperature would 90 mL of water boil?

A. 10 degrees CelsiusB. 90 degrees CelsiusC. 100 degrees CelsiusD. 110 degrees Celsius

Question 1

Where is the majority of Earth’s fresh water located?

A. CloudsB. OceanC. Polar ice capsD. Rivers

Question 2

A layer of marine fossils is discovered in a desert environment. Which hypothesis best explains the discovery?

A. The area was once covered by waterB. Volcanic activity once occurred in the

areaC. A catastrophic event once occurred in

the areaD. Erosion turned most of the limestone

in the area into sand

Question 3

The chart shows the worldwide number of measles cases over the last 20 years. What is most likely the cause of decline in cases of the measles?

A. AntibioticsB. ChemotherapyC. QuarantinesD. Vaccines

Question 4

Year Measles Cases

1980 3,800,000

1985 2,800,000

1990 1,400,000

1995 800,000

2000 500,000

A chemical reaction produces two new substances, and each product has a mass of 25 grams. What was the total mass of the reactants?

A. 25 gramsB. 50 gramsC. 75 gramsD. 100 grams

Question 5

Chemistry Practice

Questions Set 1

Update your Table of Contents for today

We will continue with Chemistry review, so please make sure you have a copy of the Periodic Table to follow along!

Warm-up:

Date Session#

Activity Page#

5/14 14 Science EOG Practice 19 - ??

Get seated quickly so we can get through

today’s review!

Chemistry Review

Remember! Elements are substances that are made of

only one type of atom! THEY ARE PURE SUBSTANCES…the ingredients for all other substances on Earth!

Reading the periodic table Period – Row across the periodic table

(tells you how many electron shells there are, basically the atoms in each row are the same size)

Reading the periodic table -

Group – Column going down the periodic table(The elements in each group share similar characteristics or properties)

Reading the periodic table -

Group – Column going down the periodic table(The group # can also tell you how many valence electrons there are…but there is a trick)

“Kingdoms” of the Periodic Table

Metal – Left side of the periodic table◦Broken in to two regions: Reactive metals

Group 1 – Alkali Group 2 – Alkaline

Nonreactive metals Groups 3-12 are the Transition metals

“Kingdoms” of the Periodic Table

Nonmetals – right side of the periodic table◦Two groups Group 17 - Halogens

Very reactive gases Group 18 -Noble Gases

Nonreactive gases

Halogens

Noble Gases

What About Hydrogen ?

Hydrogen the Weirdo◦ Different from any of the other elements◦ Nonmetal◦ Has 0 neutrons

Kingdoms of the Periodic Table

Metalloids- Found on the zig-zag steps◦Have properties of metals and nonmetals

Remember! We learned 2 ways to represent an individual element:

Sodium

Atomic #: __________

Atomic Mass: _______

# of Protons: _______

# of Neutrons: ______

# of Electrons:______

Name:_________

Symbol:________

Atomic # = __________

Atomic Mass = ________

# of Protons = _________

# of Neutrons = ________

# of Electrons = ________

Lets try it the other way!

Element Name: ________

Element Symbol: ______

Atomic # = __________

Atomic Mass = ________

# of Protons = _________

# of Neutrons = ________

# of Electrons = ________

One More Time…

Element Name: ________

Element Symbol: ______

Isotopes = atoms with a different number of neutrons◦ Only affects the mass of the atom because

neutrons are “heavy” but have no charge◦ Isotopes are the version NOT on the periodic

table

Ions = atoms with a different number of electrons - electrons are negative, so this affects the atom’s charge◦ Cation = lose electrons, so the atom now has a

positive charge◦ Anion = gain electrons, so the atom now has a

negative charge

Ions & Isotopes

Chemical Reactions Reactants? Product? Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed

…in other wordsWhat goes in must come out! The reactants = the products

Reactants Products

STOP, THINK, DISCUSS… If you weigh your elements before a

chemical reaction, and the compounds afterwards and they do not have the same mass before and after what likely happened during the chemical reaction?

◦A. A solid was produced◦B. The salinity of the reactants was high◦C. The temperature of the reactants was

too low◦D. A gas was produced and it escaped

But What If It Doesn’t?

Al2O3

Lets Practice…First, what are the reactants & what are the products?

Al + O2

CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Let’s Practice

Physical Change A physical change

takes place without the element’s chemical structure changing.

EXAMPLES:◦Dissolving◦Phase change

(solid, liquid, gas)◦Changing shape

Chemical ChangeProduction of a new substance

Cannot be reversed

How can you tell if something is an element, a compound or a mixture?

What types of mixtures are there?

Element, Compound or Mixture?

Must be on the Periodic Table OF ELEMENTS to be and element!

Element

Made when two or more elements combine during a chemical reaction

Examples: Water Salt Sugar

Chemical Change

Compound:

Combines 2 or more substances without producing a chemical reaction

NOT the same throughout - heterogeneous

Can be separated easily

Examples: Soil Fruit salad

Physical Change

Mixture

A type of MIXTURE that IS the same throughout

- homogenous Solute- substance being dissolved Solvent- substance doing the dissolving

Examples: Salt water Lemonade

Physical Change

Solution:

Salt = Solute

Water= Solvent

Salt Water= Solutio

n

So they are happy and stable with a full valence shell!

Ionic bond = between a metal and a non-metal (Example: NaCl)

Covalent bond = between 2 non-metals (Example: H2O)

Why do elements want to bond to become molecules or compounds?

Questions?

Chemistry Practice

Questions Set 2

Get seated quickly so we can get through

today’s review!

Earth’s History Review Part 1

The Rock Cycle

QUICK REVIEW… Layers of the Earth

◦Crust (2 types)◦Mantle◦Outer Core◦ Inner Core

Earth’s crust and the very top of the mantle form the lithosphere

Lithosphere sits on top of the asthenosphere

TECTONIC PLATES The Lithosphere is broken into many large

and small slabs of rock called tectonic plates and where two plates meet, a lot of changes can occur.

The plates move because of convection currents.

The hot, soft rock in the mantle rises…then it cools, and sinks.

TECTONIC PLATES

How do the

tectonic

plates move?

1. Divergent2. Convergent 3. Transform

TECTONIC PLATES

There are 3 types of

plate boundaries

When one tectonic plate sinks under another plate

IT CAN ONLY HAPPEN WHEN…

Continental & oceanic plate collide = oceanic plate ALWAYS sinks because it is more DENSE.

Oceanic & oceanic plate collide = the more dense plate sinks!

SUBDUCTION

What is SUBduction

?

What occurs at this boundary?

New Crust Forms

Mid-ocean Ridges

Rift ValleysEarthquakes

Volcanoes

DIVERGENT

What occurs at this boundary?

High mountains

Earthquakes

CONVERGENT: CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL

What occurs at this boundary?Deep-ocean Trenches

Volcanic Islands

Earthquakes

CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-OCEANIC

Hawaii is NOT on a plate boundary!

What occurs at this boundary?Deep-ocean trenches

Coastal mountains (some are volcanic)

Earthquakes

CONVERGENT: OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL

What occurs at this boundary?FaultsEarthquakes

TRANSFORM

PANGAEAScientist Alfred

Wegener noticed that Earth’s continents seemed to fit together like a puzzle, so he hypothesized that they were once joined in a single “super continent” called Pangaea

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

This led to his Theory of Continental Drift – that although the continents were once joined, they slowly drifted apart!

Wegener’s Evidence: 1. Matching rock layers on different continents

2. Matching fossils on different continents

3. Evidence of climate change – tropical plant fossils in cold places, ice scratches in warm places

Law of SuperpositionLaw of Superposition–

Under normal conditions, the layers of sediment get older the deeper you go

We Have a Problem…There are several things can mess up the Law of Superposition called unconformities

Types of unconformities:1 – intrusion 2 – overturning3 - faults

Law of Superposition Practice

Which types of unconformity do you see in the diagram?

Can you put the layers in order from youngest to oldest?

Fossils Fossil – traces or remains of living

things from long ago that help sort out the sedimentary rock record

Index Fossils – common fossils that are used as a “reference” to date other fossils

Geologic Time Scale – a timeline of Earth’s History divided into periods of time by major events or changes on Earth

What do we call these major events or changes?

Geologic Time Scale

Catastrophic Events – events that cause major destruction or change life completely

Examples: Mass extinctions Ice Ages Meteor strikes Major volcanic eruptions

Catastrophic Events

1. Hadean 2. Archean 3. Proterozoic 4. Phanerozoic

Eons are broken into Eras, Periods then Epochs

The first 3 eons make up Precambrian Time which is 90% of Earth’s History…only tiny life forms towards the end!

EONS – largest division of time4 Eons of Time:

Earth’s History Questions Set 1

Earth’s History Review

Get seated quickly so we can get through

today’s review!

Earth’s History Review Part 1

EVOLUTIONEvolution – The process of change over time◦Evolution can be biological, geological, technological etc.

◦How are biological & geological evolution related?

Evidence of EvolutionWhen Charles Darwin, “The Father of Evolution,” first proposed the idea that ALL species descend from a COMMON ANCESTOR he needed evidence to support his claim. The major pieces of evidence can be broken into…

1. Fossils2. Embryology3. Comparative Anatomy (homologous,

analogous, vestigial)4. Molecular Biology (DNA, genetics)

Evidence of Evolution: FossilsFossils – show change in a single species over time or similarities between species

Evolution of the Modern Horse

Evidence of Evolution: EmbryologyEmbryology – shows similar developmental stages amongst different species

Embryos of a human, chicken, tortoise, fish, rabbit & salamander…which one is which?

Evidence of Evolution: Comparative Anatomy

Homologous Structures – same anatomical structure but different function that arise from different organisms sharing a common ancestor

Evidence of Evolution: Comparative Anatomy

Analogous Structures – different anatomical structure but similar function that arise from common environmental demands

Evidence of Evolution: Comparative Anatomy

Vestigial Structures – Anatomical remains that were important in an organism’s ancestors, but are no longer used in the same way

Evidence of Evolution: Molecular Biology

Key to understanding how traits are passed from one generation to the next!

Scientists can tell how closely related organisms are – the difference in gene sequences between organisms is very small!!

4 Principles of Natural Selection

Overproduction

Variation Adaptation Selection

Definition:

Example:

Definition:

Example:

Definition:

Example:

Definition:

Example:

When an organism makes more offspring than the environment can support to ensure that at least some survive

Naturally occurring differences in traits due to differences in genetics -these variations or mutations get passed to offspring

Inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment over other members of its species

Organisms with an adaptation will be “naturally selected” to survive and reproduce passing on the adaptation.

A species reproduces (sometimes overproduces) Genes mutate causing variations Those with the best variations are selected to

survive & reproduce becoming adaptations This causes the population of that species to

evolve or change over time becoming better suited to survive in its specific habitat and they are selected to survive by nature – hence, Natural Selection

Small changes eventually accumulate into creating an entirely different species – this is called speciation

Speciation can also occur when members of the same species become isolated from each other and they evolve differently

Summarizing Natural Selection:

Biological Classification = Taxonomy

Racoon Cattle Fox Muskrat

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia AnimaliaPhylum Chordata Chordata Chordata ChordataClass Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia MammaliaOrder Carnivora Artiodactyla Carnivora Rodentia

Family Procyonids Bovidae Canidae CricetidaeGenus Procyon Bos Vulpes OndatraSpecies Procyonlotor Bostaurus Vulpesvulpes Ondatrazibethicus

• Which 2 animals are the most closely related, and how do you know?

Evolution & EOG’s

Earth’s History Questions Set 2

Earth’s History Review

Update your Table of Contents for today…

We will continue with the Hydrosphere! I would get your book out so you can put the info in your book as we go!

Warm-up:

Date Session#

Activity Page#

5/16 15 Science EOG Practice 19 - ??

The constructed response is really an example for the 6th or 7th grade science summative, but since renewable and non-renewable resources are on

your social studies vocab list & were also science topics we are

going to practice one more time!

Constructed Response

Water: Where Does It Come From?

The Water Cycle

Evaporation

When water changes from a liquid to a gas (water vapor)

What makes the water evaporate?

Condensation

When water changes from a gas (water vapor) to a liquid

Give me anexample of condensation…

Precipitation

When water falls from clouds

What are forms of precipitation?

Run-off/AccumulationWhen water moves from one location to another (run-off)

and gathers there (accumulation)

What else can thewater do?

TranspirationWater vapor coming from trees and plants

PercolationWater soaking down into the ground through the soil

Properties of Water

How do they relate to each other?

Polarity explains a lot!

Oxygen = negativeHydrogen = positive

Water is attracted to itself and other things like a magnet!!

Cohesion

Because water is polar, it sticks to itself!!

AdhesionAgain, because water is polar it sticks to OTHER things too!!

Density…you already know this!

• Water is less dense as a solid than a liquid…that’s why ice cubes float!

BuoyancyWater’s ability to push back on objects allow them to float! (Has to do with surface area)

Specific HeatWater has a really high specific heat

It takes a long time for water to heat up or cool down

Universal Solvent

Water can dissolve more substances than anything else!

Water Quality Indicators

How do they affect each other?

Temperature◦Definition: How hot or cold the water is due to

kinetic energy

Healthy:The water is the right temperature to support the things that live in it.

◦Unhealthy:The temperature is too high (970F) or too low (320F) and will hurt

or kill things that live in it.

Turbidity

Definition: A measure of how cloudy water is due to “stuff” in it.

Healthy: Clear, clean water = 1 NTU

Unhealthy: Sediment or pollution that makes the water cloudy = 5 NTU

pH Definition: The acid content of the water

Healthy: Has to be the correct level for the type of water.Most Freshwater: 6.0 8.0

Unhealthy: Is not the right level forthe type of water or to support life.

Dissolved OxygenDefinition: oxygen gas dissolved in the water

Healthy: Right amount dissolved oxygen = lots of life 4-5 ppm is optimal

Unhealthy:Low dissolved oxygen = little or no life

Nutrients Definition: Something that is usually good, but can become toxic when there is too much

Healthy: The right amount of nitrates, phosphates,◦sunlight = lots of life

Unhealthy: Too many or not enough nutrients = little or no life◦nitrates = above 1 ppm◦phosphates = above .003 ppm

EUTROPHICATION FLOW CHARTExcess Nutrients Algae Bloom (pond scum) darkness below

surface photosynthesis stops decomposers & other organismsuse up oxygen DEATH

Bio-indicators Definition: Macro-invertebrates that live in the water and are sensitive to pollution

Healthy: A lot of bio-indicators = healthy water

Unhealthy: Little or no bio-indicators = unhealthy water

MERCURY Natural element that

has increased to toxic levels due to industry

Usually affects people through eating fish from mercury contaminated water

Causes kidney damage & brain/neurological disorders

“Game Changers”

COLIFORM BACTERIA

commonly found in water, soil and vegetation

usually harmless but can indicate the presence of other harmful forms of coliform bacteria

(fecal matter & E. Coli)

“Game changers”

Steps to the

Wastewater

Treatment Cycle

Step 1. CoagulationCoagulation:The process at which chemicals are added so that dirt and other particles stick together into “floc”(Flocculation) so they can easily be removed…the “stick & scoop” step

Step 2. Sedimentation

Sedimentation:The heavy particles settle to the bottom and the clear water moves on

Step 3. FiltrationFiltration: The water passes through filters made of different materials

Step 4. DisinfectionDisinfection:A small amount of chemicals are added to kill bacteria(usually chlorine)

Step 5. StorageStorage:Water is stored in a closed tank to be used by the community

Ocean ZonesWhat types of life forms live in each zone?

Intertidal zone

Neritic zone Oceanic zone

Benthos = bottom dwellers; all organisms that live on the ocean floor

Nekton = free swimmers; all organisms that can swim freely through the ocean

Ocean Organisms

Finish the practice questions

Work on your book for the rest of class

If you finish your book check out the practice sites on the wiki page!!!

For the rest of class…

Update your Table of Contents for today… We will continue with Biology/Ecology – Life Sciences! I would get your book out so you can put the info in your book as we go!

Warm-up:

Date Session#

Activity Page#

5/20 16 Science EOG Practice 19 - ??

Read the article about shark embryos and answer the questions…you can answer the questions on the back of the paper if you need more space!

Warm-Up

5 Characteristics of Living ThingsOrganized Structure (cells & their organelles - DNA/genetic code)

Grow and Develop (change over time = evolution; repair cells; make new cells)

Respond to Environment (adapts)

Reproduction (one of many metabolic or cellular processes)

Need/use Energy

Nucleus – controls the cell; stores DNA Cell Membrane – allows things to enter &

leave the cell Vacuole – stores materials the cell needs Lysosome – breaks materials down Mitochondria – makes energy Cytoplasm – holds organelles in place Endoplasmic Reticulum – packages materials

needed to make protein Ribosomes– makes proteins Golgi Bodies – sends proteins where they are

needed in the body

Cells, Cells, they’re made of organelles…

1. Synthesis – building necessary nutrients (photosynthesis would fit here)

2. Transport – movement within or in and out of the cell

3. Excretion – breaking down or getting rid of wastes

4. Regulation – maintaining balance within the body

5. Nutrition – how an organism obtains food6. Growth – making new cells or repairing 7. Respiration – making usable energy (cellular

respiration would fit here)

8. Reproduction – producing offspring

Cellular Processes: STERNGRR

Photosynthesis

Plant cells use energy from the sun, carbon dioxide and water to make food

Starting Materials Process Products

Energy (sunlight)Carbon DioxideWater

The chloroplasts take the sunlight, carbon dioxide and water and makes food

Sugars Oxygen

Cellular Respiration

Animal Cells then use the oxygen and sugars to “breathe” and make energy (ATP)

Starting Materials Process Products

SugarsOxygen

The mitochondria takes the sugar and the oxygen and makes energy

Energy (ATP)Carbon DioxideWater

Carbohydrates = energy Proteins = growth & repair Lipids = insulation/protection or alternate

source of energy Fiber = aid in digestion/regulation Water = hydration & transport of nutrients Vitamins & Minerals = catalysts to aid in

reactions; each provides something different

Food & Nutrition

Heart Disease Diabetes Osteoporosis High Cholesterol Hypertension (High blood pressure)

Common Health Related Diseases

Environment Behavior Genetics

Factors Affecting Addiction

Pathogens Cause Disease

We will focused on 4 Types of Pathogens:◦Fungi◦Bacteria◦Viruses◦Parasites

Fungi Non-Photosynthetic

organisms

Most fungi are multicellular heterotrophs

Fungi grow in almost every habitat imaginable, as long as there is some type of organic matter present and the environment is not too extreme

Bacteria

Living organisms

Unicellular, prokaryotic

Larger than viruses, but usually more treatable

Antibiotics used to treat

Virus NOT LIVING – Needs a host to survive and reproduce

Since it is not alive, it has NO CELLS

Very small

Vaccines used to treat

Parasites Living organisms that need a host to survive – highly adapted to their host

Unicellular or multicellular

Come in many shapes and sizes

Contagion vs. Mutagen?

Carrier Vs. Vector?

Epidemic Vs. Pandemic?

In a food chain or food web, which direction do the arrows go?

Ecology…

BrainPOP

Energy Pyramids

Heterotroph Vs. Autotroph?

BrainPOP

Nitrogen Cycle…

Finish the practice questions

Work on your book for the rest of class

If you finish your book check out the practice sites on the wiki page!!!

For the rest of class…