Science in our World

How science has impacted our world. An introduction to science.

Different Aspects of Science

Earth science Biology

Chemistry

Astronomy

Physics

The Three Main Branches

Biology Immunology, Plant, Animal, Earth, Cell,

Microbiology, Anatomy and Physiology, Genetics, Marine Biology,

PhysicsAstronomy, Mechanics, Engineering,

Nuclear Physics, Electronics and Circuits

ChemistryBiochemistry, Organic, Inorganic, Physical

Chemistry, Pharmacology

Biology

“Bio” – life

“logos” – branch of learning

Examples: Farming Medicine Water purification Research

Chemistry

Study of matter

Examples Medicine Food

preservation Gasoline

composition Clothing, pipes,

adhesives, etc.

Physics

Study of the interaction of matter

Examples: Electricity Light Motion Gravity Sound Energy

Biology…Things to think about.

Why do bacteria and viruses make you sick?

When bacteria gets into the body, they produce products called toxins; and this is actually what makes the body sick

Viruses enter the cell and takes over the cell’s mechanisms and causes it to make more viruses

Biology…cont.

Why do people have allergies?

Allergies are known as hypersensitivity reactions.

Allergies are caused when the immune system responds in an inappropriate or exaggerated form.

A person must be exposed to an allergen more than once for it to result in an allergy.

Biology…cont.

How come there are not two people exactly the same?

Genetics is the answer. Every person inherits half

their genes from their mom and another half from their dad

Mutation

Biology…cont.

Why does our bodies get sore if we work out a lot?

Our muscles are not getting enough oxygen and cannot carry out aerobic cellular respiration.

They “switch” over and undergo anaerobic cellular respiration.

Lactic acid is one of the products and this is actually what makes you sore.

Physics…cont.

How come water flows downhill?

GRAVITY!!! Gravity is what holds our world together, it’s the

attractive force. Gravity on earth is 9.8m/s Gravity attracts water “down” just as it attracts

everything else.

Physics…cont.

Why is there no sound in space?

Sound is made when particle vibrate against each other

These vibrating particles create waves (sound wave)

The pitch of the sound is based on the amplitudes of the wave

There is no particles in space

Physics…cont.

How does a flashlight work without a battery?

This is called a Faraday flashlight based on the law of which it follows.

Works by passing a magnet through coil. This creates charge which is stored in capacitors

(two plates with opposite charge).

Physics…cont.

Why does coffee stay warm in a thermos?

It all has to do with heat transfer The container is encapsulated in a type of

insulation (a poor conductor of heat) The vacuum that is created doesn’t allow heat

transfer due to the lack of atoms which eliminates conduction

Also the silver color has something to do with it also – it works like a mirror to reduce infrared radiation.

Chemistry…Things to think about.

How does your body convert sugars to energy?

Cellular respiration which is triggered by multiple chemical reactions

First sugars is broken into two parts and each part goes through the Krebs cycle where these molecules are broken down and energy molecules are extracted giving off CO2 as a byproduct

These energy are taken to the ETS and ATP is given off.

Chemistry…cont.

How do stain removers get stains out of your clothes?

Enzymes and bleaching chemicals are used to remove stains.

They surround the grease/stain droplets and make them more water soluble.

Then the stain can be removed.

Chemistry…cont.

Why is tape sticky (cellophane tape)?

Tape is made up of two basic materials – a carrier (plastic, rubber, cloth) and then the adhesive

Adhesive is usually made of a type of cellulose. The chemical compound of the adhesive makes

the tape sticky and thus attract to other molecules on another surface.

Chemistry Cont…

What makes coke so “fizzy”?

The fizz and bubbles is simply carbon dioxide being released.

When the molecules in the Coke are released from pressure and exposed to air, carbon dioxide is formed.

Fizz and carbon dioxide are also formed when the coke has a surface area to act.