science mission directorate earth surface and interior focus area john labrecque / focus area lead...

Science MissionDirectorate

Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area John LaBrecque / Focus Area LeadCraig Dobson / InSAR Devel. LeadHerbert Frey / GSFC-Cntr. Prog. ManagerRonald Blom / JPL- Cntr. Prog. ManagerAdriana Ocampo / JPL

Earth-Sun Division Science ReviewOctober 29, 2004

Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area

ESI Strategic Goals- ESI Strategic Goals- ESI Achievements in FY04ESI Achievements in FY04

ESI Programmatic Opportunities & ChallengesESI Programmatic Opportunities & Challenges

1. What is the nature of deformation at plate boundaries and what are the implications for earthquake hazards?

2. How do tectonics and climate interact to shape the Earth’s surface and create natural hazards?

3. What are the interactions among ice masses, oceans, and the solid Earth and their implications for sea level change?

4. How do magmatic systems evolve and under what conditions do volcanoes erupt?

5. What are the dynamics of the mantle and crust and how does the Earth’s surface respond?

6. What are the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetic field and its interactions with the Earth system?

Earthquake Prediction SRTM 13 of 14 Earthquakes 1st Uniform Global Topography

GRACE:1st Time Variable Gravity & Mass Flux

Performance Measures: Enable 30 Day volcanic Eruption Forecasts with > 50% confidence by 2014 Enable estimation of earthquake likelihood in North American plate boundary with > 50% confidence by 2014

Overview of ESI Focus Area

Renew NASA’s Planetary Geodetic NetworkApproach:Develop NGO: Work with DSN, ESTO, GGOS, INDIGO

Develop Geodetic Imaging and Geohazards Natural LaboratoriesApproach: TerraScope Initiative/UAVSAR

ESI Component ProgramsESI Component Programs

Gravity and Geomagnetic Field Exploration :Approach: Technology Development & Partnerships (International, DoD, Focus Areas)

Natural HazardsPredictive ModelsRemote SensingNatural Laboratories

Space GeodesyCelestial Ref Frame Terrestrial Ref FrameEarth RotationCrustal Dynamics

Planetary InteriorGeomagnetic ModelsGravity ModelsGeodynamic Models

How is the Earth changing and what are the consequences for life on Earth?







Prediction: How can knowledge of Earth’s surface change be used to predict and mitigate natural hazards?

Variability: How is the Earth’s surface being transformed by naturally occurring tectonic and climatic processes?

Response: How is global sea level affected by natural variability and human induced change in the Earth system?

Forcing: What are the dynamics of the Earth’s interior and how do these forces drive change at the Earth’s surface?

Goa

lR

esea

rch

Q

ues

tion

sS

ES

WG

Ch

alle

nge

NASA Solid Earth Strategic Goals

Shared Observational Strategies

Space Geodesy Planetary Interior

(Atmospheric Limb sounding, network observations

& gravity modeling)


Space Geodesy Natural Hazards

Planetary Interior(ITRF, EOP, POD,

Atmos. Limb Sounding, Gravity, InSAR, Lidar)

Geodetic ImagingOptical Imaging

Radar,Topography, VNIR

Natural Hazards(SAR, Lidar,

Topography, VNIR)



Space GeodesyNatural Hazards

(Water vapor, TIR, UV volcanic ash)


Space GeodesyPlanetary InteriorNatural Hazards

(Water vapor, SAR, Lidar, Gravity)


Space Geodesy Planetary Interior

Geomagnetic Fields Ionospheric Modeling


Space Geodesy Planetary Interiors

Natural HazardsGeopotential Fields, Geodetic Imaging

Ionospheric Modeling

2002 2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 2008 2009

Airborne remote sensing of surface change for long duration monitoring of earthquake, volcano, landslide, erosion, storm damage. Focus on geohazards natural laboratories e.g. Earthscope, Asia-Pacific Arc Natural Laboratory (A-PANL)

2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 20122008 2009

GPS Remote Sensing, COSMIC, etc

High sensitivity Gravity & Geomagnetic Satellite Constellation

First uniform topography of land and ice surface, sparse hyperspectral visible & thermal imaging of land surface change

GRACE and GOCE

All Weather Surface Deformation Mission(InSAR)

•Coordinated international global observation of land surface change for volcano,earthquake prediction, land and ice cover, natural disaster management•NASA mission leads in with instrument to target plate boundaries, coastal zones to measure surface deformation•InSAR data service provides science data access from international missions•Required fourth component of EarthScope Natural Lab

Wide Swath high spectral & spatial resolution visible through thermal

infrared imaging mission T

SAC-C CHAMP,Oersted

Gravity and geomagnetic models from this data provide estimates of water, atmospheric transport, plate boundary deformation, Earth interior forces, structure and deformation, geomagnetic field generation

International SAR Information Service

Shared grid computing, seamless archive and capabilities for enhanced modeling and and sharing of databases

ICESat, EO-1, TERRA, MASTER, AVIRIS

Ionospheric dynamics for geomagnetic modeling, atmospheric pressure for satellite gravity analysis, improved GPS orbits for geodesy

Models & Prediction: mm accuracy of terrestrial reference frame, reliable and timely volcanic eruption & earthquake predictions, improved Earth system mass transport and geodynamo models, Earth interior models for glacial rebound and ocean loading.

T

Advanced airborne, Repeat pass InSAR, High spatial & spectral visible & thermal imaging, high

altitude Lidar altimeter

Distributed Solid Earth computing & modeling environment

International InSAR Satellite Constellation

1 meter global topographyT

2014

High-Res topography to measure erosion, flooding, landslides, faults, & coastal zones, etc.

T

NASA

Agency Partners

Internat’l

Unfunded

2013

T

T

SRTMKn

ow

led

ge

Bas

e

Global GeodeticNetworks

T

T

GOALS:How do magmatic systems evolve

and volcanoes erupt?

How the dynamics of the mantle and crust deform Earth’s surface?

What are the dynamics of the Earth’s magnetic field and its interactions with the Earth system?

How do plate boundaries deform & create earthquake hazards?

How do tectonics and climate interact to shape the Earth’s surface?

What are sea level implications from ice masses, oceans, and the solid Earth?

Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area RoadmapHigh-Res optical for earthquake, volcano, land surface change

Terrestrial Reference Fame, Celestial Reference Frame, Earth orientation, angular momentum, time transfer; Required for planetary surface and interior measurements,and interplanetary nav.

National Geodetic Observatory

T

InSAR Science ContributionsVolcano Eruption Prediction

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

TerraScope: Geodetic Imaging Development Build the InSAR we need today Develop the technology for tomorrow

Enable an international collaboration on civilian SAR data and applications

3. Accelerate development of data handling and modeling capacity

VHF

UHF

P-band

L-band

C-band

X-band

TerraScout: A Roadmap to Understanding Surface Change3

-D D

isp

lace

men

t A

cc

ura

cy

(m

m)

3-D

Dis

pla

cem

ent

Ac

cu

rac

y (

mm

)

Revisit Frequency (days)Revisit Frequency (days)

0.10.1

55

1010

2020

5050

100100 1010 11 0.10.1 0.010.01

2025

• Systematic data acquisition• Modeling of faults in crust/mantle system• Fine resolution hazard maps

•Community Based Data System•Geohazards Natural Laboratories•Modeling-Project Columbia•National/ International Partnerships-GEOSS/ GMES

• Continuous observations• Understanding earthquake

physics and prediction• Precise hazard maps

continuously updated

Foreign Satellites/National Partnerships

Low Earth OrbitInSAR

GeoSynchronousInSAR

• Improved models and forecasts• High-resolution topography• Possible InSAR in medium Earth orbit

2010

UAVSAR

• Repeat pass InSAR for regional studies• Advanced concept testbed

2008Technology & Modeling

2005

2002 2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 2008 2009


2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 20122008 2009




GRACE and GOCE





SAC-C CHAMP,Oersted







T






2014


T

NASA

Agency Partners

Internat’l

Unfunded

2013

T

T

SRTMKn

ow

led

ge

Bas

e


T

T











T

NASA’s Space Geodetic NetworkNASA’s Space Geodetic Network

Very LongBaseline

Interferometry(VLBI)

Very LongBaseline

Interferometry(VLBI)

Satellite LaserRanging

(SLR)


(SLR)

GlobalPositioning

System (GPS)

GlobalPositioning

System (GPS)

30 Station Network International VLBI

Service (IVS)

Strength: Earth Orientation

30 Station Network International VLBI

Service (IVS)

Strength: Earth Orientation

>300 Station NetworkInternational GPS

Service (IGS)

Strength:Crustal Motion

>300 Station NetworkInternational GPS

Service (IGS)

Strength:Crustal Motion

37 Station NetworkInternational Laser Ranging

Service (ILRS)

Strength:Center of Mass

Scale

37 Station NetworkInternational Laser Ranging

Service (ILRS)

Strength:Center of Mass

Scale

•Celestial Reference Frame: Planetary Exploration Celestial Reference Frame: Planetary Exploration •Terrestrial Reference Frame: NASA POD, Sealevel, DoD, CivilianTerrestrial Reference Frame: NASA POD, Sealevel, DoD, Civilian•Earth Orientation:Earth Circulation, Planetary ExplorationEarth Orientation:Earth Circulation, Planetary Exploration•Enables Exploration and New NASA CapabilitiesEnables Exploration and New NASA Capabilities•Civilian and DoD ApplicationsCivilian and DoD Applications

2002 2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 2008 2009


2004 200720062005 2010 20112003 20122008 2009




GRACE and GOCE





SAC-C CHAMP,Oersted







T






2014


T

NASA

Agency Partners

Internat’l

Unfunded

2013

T

T

SRTMKn

ow

led

ge

Bas

e


T

T











T

QuickTime™ and a decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Comprehensive Geomagnetic Model-4: 1960-2002Sabaka,Olsen,Purucker, 2004 (Geophys. J. Int)

Separation of Geomagnetic Field Sources

Geodynamic modeling of the Earth Interior requires the separation and precise modeling of all geomagnetic components.

The GSFC CM-4 model is the most successful to date

GRACE (Mar 2002)

QuickTime™ and aPhoto - JPEG decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

CHAMP (Jul 2000)

SAC-C (Nov 2000) SWARM (2009)Oersted (Nov 1999) COSMIC (Jan 2006)

GOCE (2007)

Technology is being developed and tested for the Geomagnetic Constellation

GRACE has demonstrated an integrated BlackJack GPS receiver and non-magnetic Star Imager

Integration of GRACE/GPS and IIP technologies will provide essentials for geomagnetic nano-satellites and missions of opportunity.

Instrument Incubator Program is developing Miniature Self Calibrating Vector Helium Magnetometer

Three-Axis Coil System

RF network

InGaAs Detector

Laser Input Optics

Internal 6 cm3 Helium Cell

Back-up Viewgraphs

Future Geodetic Science Contributions

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Earthquake Prediction Space-based Seismology

Volcano Eruption PredictionMass Flux

QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressorare needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Keystone (4)

Haleakala

McDonald

Greenbelt

Arequipa

South Africa

Monument Peak

Santiago de Cuba

Herstmonceux

RiyadhHelwan

San FernandoCagliari

Grasse (2) GrazZimmerwald Wettzell

PotsdamBorowiec

Metsahovi

SimiezKatzively Maidanak

Wuhan

Komsomolsk

Changchun

Beijing

ShanghaiSimosato

Yarragadee

Mt. Stromlo

Matera

Tahiti

Riga

Kunming

Mendeleevo

Argentina

International Satellite Laser Ranging Network

Legend: NASA NASA Partner NASA Partner (Proposed) International Cooperating

Legend: NASA NASA Partner NASA Partner (Proposed) International Cooperating

International VLBI Network

4. SLR2000

SLR2000 Deployment Strategy;•12 Station Global Network by 2008•Optical Communications Option

1. E-VLBI vs Aging Equipment

2. New GNSS signals-New equipment/New Strategies

3. Global Geodetic Fiducial Network: Realtime fully automated mm-VLBI, GPS, SLR

Geodetic Network Challenges

One of several optical fiber networks as Backbone to the International Geodetic Observatory

One of several optical fiber networks as Backbone to the International Geodetic Observatory

Renovation of the Space Geodetic NetworkRenovation of the Space Geodetic NetworkImportance of NASA’s Space Geodesy Program

• Enables New Exploration Capabilities • GRACE, UAVSAR, ICESat, COSMIC, SCIGN/PBO, SRTM, J2, Lense-Thirring,

Gravity Probe B• Provides long term continuity of observations

• e.g. sea-level, ice volume, land subsidence and erosion, crustal deformation• Supports Navigation of Satellites, Space Probes,

Telescopes• Topex-Poseidon, Jason I, Cassini, DSN, VLBA

• Maintains International Leadership and collaboration in Space Geodesy

• e.g. IGS,IVS,ILRS,IERS- over 50 Int’l agreements• Supports National Defense and Civilian Activities

• e.g. radar calibration, trajectory tracking, gravity fields, navigation, surveying, commerce, flight safety, USNO, NRL, NOAA , EarthScope partnerships

Science and Technology Challenges

• Science requires better than 1 mm reference frame accuracy• Sea-level change, glacial mass balance, gravity field

variability, ocean topography and circulation• Present Frame accuracy is 1 cm or worse

• Geodetic systems require replacement before 2010 • Creaking bearings and sagging antennas-

– Yarragadee laser station and Gilmore Creek VLBI antenna celebrating 25th and 40th anniversaries

• Moving on:– GPS,Galileo,GLONASS GNSS signals in

transformation• Invasion of XM Radio:

– VLBI S band spectrum contaminated by commercial and government users

Strategy for Meeting These Challenges• Technology Development

• VLBI- test small S, X, K broad- band antenna systems • SLR- Continue development of SLR2000 • GPS- Develop GNSS capable software receiver• Continue development of real time e-VLBI, GDGPS• Develop integrated modeling and analysis algorithms

• Program Development• Develop roadmap- National Geodetic Observatory,

INDIGO,GGOS• Develop partnership funding

– ESTO, DSN, Exploration Directorate – USNO, FAA, DoD– International Partnerships

• Integrate Geodetic Operations Management

Strategy for Meeting These Challenges• Technology Development

• VLBI- test small S, X, K broad- band antenna systems • SLR- Continue development of SLR2000 • GPS- Develop GNSS capable software receiver• Continue development of real time e-VLBI, GDGPS• Develop integrated modeling and analysis algorithms

• Program Development• Develop roadmap- National Geodetic Observatory,

INDIGO,GGOS• Develop partnership funding

– ESTO, DSN, Exploration Directorate – USNO, FAA, DoD– International Partnerships

• Integrate Geodetic Operations Management

Very LongBaseline

Interferometry

Very LongBaseline

Interferometry



GlobalPositioning

System

GlobalPositioning

System

30 Station Network International VLBIService (IVS)Strength: Earth Orientation

30 Station Network International VLBIService (IVS)Strength: Earth Orientation

>300 Station NetworkInternational GPSService (IGS)Strength:Site velocity

>300 Station NetworkInternational GPSService (IGS)Strength:Site velocity

NASA’s Space Geodetic NetworkNASA’s Space Geodetic Network

37 Station NetworkInternational Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)Strength:Center of MassScale

37 Station NetworkInternational Laser Ranging Service (ILRS)Strength:Center of MassScale

science mission directorate earth surface and interior focus area john labrecque / focus area lead...

Documents