Science OGT Fun Club

2010

Physical Science

Describe that matter is made of minute particles called atoms and atoms are comprised of even smaller components.

Explain the structure and properties of atoms.

Physical Sciences

Atom are made of neutrons and protons and electrons.

Electrons negative Move at speed of light

and they weigh all most nothing.

Outside nucleus and used in bonding

Protons positive Don’t move they shake.

They weigh 1 amu (atomic mass unit)

Found in the nucleus Neutrons 0

Same as protons.

Physical Sciences

Explain how atoms react with each other to form other substances and how molecules react with each other or other atoms to form even different substances.

Physical Sciences

Molecules Share electrons Bigger atoms pull

electrons closer, polarize (+, -)

Between Nonmetals Ions

Give and take electrons Cations take electrons

(claw) electrons away from other atoms, making them -.

Anions give electrons (add) electrons. Making them +.

Metals and nonmetals

Physical Sciences

Physical Sciences

Atomic Number Top number 79 The number of protons

Symbol Latin, Name, Place,

People. Atomic Weight

Big number at bottom. Average of all the isotopes.

Atomic Mass Isotopes

Same element, different number of neutrons

Physical Sciences

Describe the identifiable properties of substances (color, hardness, conductivity, density, concentration, and ductility). Explain how changes in these properties can occur with out changing the chemical nature of the substance. Physical Change Chemical Change

Physical Sciences

Explain how the movement of objects by applying Newton’s three laws of motion.

http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html

Physical Sciences

Demonstrate that energy can be considered to be either kinetic (motion) or potential (stored). Potential energy Kinetic energy http://www.visionlearning.com/library/fl

ash_viewer.php?oid=1429&mid=46

Physical Sciences

Explain how energy may change form or be redistributed but the total quantity of energy is conserved. The Law of Conservation of Energy

Physical Science

Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water, and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy when they interact with matter.

Physical Sciences

Demonstrate that waves (sound, seismic, water, and light) have energy and waves can transfer energy when they interact with matter. sound

http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim=Sound

Seismic http://www.forgefx.com/casestudies/prenticehall/ph

/seismic/seismic-waves-simulator.htm Water

http://www.forgefx.com/casestudies/prenticehall/ph/waves/waves.htm

Light http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/sims.php?sim

=Wave_Interference

Physical Sciences

Trace the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of physical sciences.

http://www.timeline-help.com/scientific-discoveries-timeline.html

Physical Science: History

Earth and Space Sciences

Explain how evidence from stars and other celestial objects provide information about the process that causes changes in the composition and scale of the physical universe. http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/

PPARC/bang/bang.htm

Earth and Space Sciences

Explain that many processes occur in patterns within the Earth’s systems. http://oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu/

atlantic/atlantic.html http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/

structure/visualizations/orogeny.html http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/pd/

oceans_weather_climate/welcome.html

Earth and Space Sciences

Explain the 4.5 billion-year-history of Earth and the 4 billion-year-history of life on Earth based on observable scientific evidence in the geologic period. http://

phet.colorado.edu/simulations/index.php?cat=Earth_Science

Law of Superposition

Earth and Space Sciences

Describe the finite nature of Earth’s resources and those human activities that can conserve or deplete Earth’s resources.

Earth and Space Sciences

Explain the process that move and shape Earth’s surfaces. http://phet.colorado.edu/simulations/

index.php?cat=Earth_Science http://serc.carleton.edu/

NAGTWorkshops/structure/visualizations/orogeny.html

Earth and Space Sciences

Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging issues in the study of Earth and space sciences. http://www.seasky.org/spacexp/

sky5d.html

Life Sciences

Explain that cells are the basic unit of structures and function of living organisms, that once life originated all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that there are a variety of cell types.

Basic units of life We have evolved

from single-celled organisms

Different cells have different jobs.

Life Science

Eukaryotic Cell Has cell membrane

Allows material to enter and leave the cell.

Nucleus-contains DNA Mitochondria-energy is

stored and used, contains DNA

ER- transportation system within the cell

Ribosomes- protein is made

Vacuoles- closets, store stuff

Life Science

Cell Wall Function is

protection, support, structure.

Chloroplasts Contain

chlorophyll Make the plant

green Function is to

produce food

Life Cells

RBC Form is round Function is fit through

our circulatory system Hair

Form is wide on bottom and thin at top

Function is for root stability hair formation

Sperm Form head and tail Function is to swim by

using the flagellum

Life Sciences

Explain the characteristics of life as indicated by cellular processes and describe the process of cell division and development. Cells must divide to reproduce. Cells produce an exact copy of the cells

they replace. Cells go through phases of change.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase

Life Science meiosis

Life Sciences

Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. Form and function of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

(DNA) Genes- traits Alleles- one part of two that make up a gene Mutations- is the only source of new

genetic material Sex-linked traits- traits carried by either a male

or female

Life Sciences

Explain the genetic mechanisms and molecular basis of inheritance. Genotype

What you are, in your genes Bb- heterozygous dominant brown-eyes

Phenotype What you look like, photograph

Brown-eyes

Life Sciences

Explain the flow of energy and the cycling of matter through biological and ecological systems (cellular, organismal, and ecological). Starts with the

Sun to primary producers to primary consumers to secondary and tertiary consumers

Life Sciences

Explain how evolutionary relationships contribute to an understanding or the unity and diversity of life.

Taxonomy Kingdom (5) Phyllum Class Order Family Genus Species

Sub-species Homo sapien sapien Canis lupus bailieyi Felis domesticus

Life Sciences

Explain the structure and function of ecosystems and relate how ecosystems change over time. Biotic- living components of an

ecosystem Abiotic-nonliving components of an

ecosystem

Life Sciences

Describe how human activities can impact the status of natural systems. GMOs- Genetically Modified Organisms

Scientist change the organism DNA to improve its ability to live

BT- Bacilis thuringensis has been added to cotton plants to produce a poison to protect it from bugs.

Killing bugs, cotton is poisonous, cotton grows faster and bigger, grow more cotton, need more land, eliminates ecosystems, food chain is disrupted, poison goes through food chain.

Life Sciences

Describe a foundation of biological evolution as the change in gene frequency of a population over time. Natural Selection- Charles Darwin “Origin of

Species”- survival of fittest Offspring are more likely to survive due to

Genetic, traits, genes, alleles, mutations Ability to reproduce Ability to move Ability to attract a mate Ability to support family Ability to get food Genetics that allow you to grow

Life Sciences

Explain how natural selection and other evolutionary mechanisms account for the unity and diversity of past and present life forms. Natural selection determines the

survival of the fittest Separates organisms to create diversity in

our world.

Life Sciences

Summarize the historical development of scientific theories and ideas, and describe emerging ideas.