SCIENTIFIC PLANNING AND SUPPORT FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDING DESIGN:

A CASE STUDY OF CLEANTECH TWO

BHARATH SESHADRI SUSTAINABLE BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE @ NTU

Image courtesy of Jurong Consultants Pvt Ltd

Official opening: 15 June 2010 17 Commercial Partnerships 3 Joint Industry Programs 6 Joint International University

partnerships 9 dedicated laboratories 65 Principal Investigators 106 Ph.D. & Masters students 158 Researchers

INTRODUCTION TO ERI@N

Energy Research Institute @ NTU

CLEANTECH TWO: FIRST OF ITS KIND IN

SINGAPORE

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Laboratory intensive

Multi-tenanted

25,000 sqm

@CleanTech Park: Singapore’s first eco-business park

Designed through Scientific Planning and Support (SPS) process to achieve high energy performance

Image courtesy of Jurong Consultants Pvt Ltd

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Develop integrated design process

involving all major stakeholders

Help define and develop a cost-effective sustainable building design

Validate system performances through

Modelling and Simulations

Calculate life-cycle costs for innovative technologies

SCIENTIFIC PLANNING AND SUPPORT

CLEANTECH TWO TEAM

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THE SPS TEAM

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Local relevance & expertise Capability Building Project Management

Track record of expertise in integrated design process

Innovative concepts from United States

Energy Research Institute @ NTU

Austrian Institute of Technology

Nanyang Technological

University

Lawrence Berkeley National

Lab

Local expertise Capability Building Project Management

Track record of expertise in integrated design

Innovative ideas and concepts from USA

Building Modeling and Simulation expertise

Innovative ideas and concepts from Europe

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DESIGN PROCESS

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THE INTEGRATED DESIGN CHARRETTE

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THE INTEGRATED DESIGN CHARRETTE

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PASSIVE AND ACTIVE DESIGN

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AC

MV

Lighting & Controls

Enve

lop

Sys

tem

s

MODELING AND SIMULATION

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INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN

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INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN CLEANTECH TWO

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ENERGY BREAKDOWN FOR LAB SPACES

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0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

COOLING FANS LIGHTS EQUIPMENT

LIQUID DESICCANT DE-HUMIDIFICATION

15 DUCOOL, 2011

LIQUID DESICCANT DE-HUMIDIFICATION: RESULTS

6-8 ACH: >50% of cooling and fan energy was used for providing for conditioned fresh air

Air is dehumidified by a liquid desiccant

The liquid desiccant was “regenerated” using a solar thermal collector

The solar powered L-DEC system results in a 45% improvement in cooling efficiency

16 NEA, 2009

THERMAL STORAGE

17 PCM PRODUCTS, 2012

THERMAL STORAGE: SHIFTING OF PEAK LOADS

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W/O THERMAL STORAGE

W/ THERMAL STORAGE

THERMAL STORAGE: RESULTS

Thermal Storage to optimize efficiency of the chiller

‘Charged’ and ‘discharged’ during off-peak and on-peak hours

‘Peak shaving’ of the building cooling demand

25% (off-peak) and 4% (on-peak) improvement

in cooling efficiency

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STRATIFIED COOLING

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12m

3.5m

STRATIFIED COOLING

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STRATIFIED COOLING

• Only provide cooling to the bottom occupied portion of high-ceiling spaces

• Temperature and humidity in the upper portion allowed to ‘float’.

• Reduced the cooling demand by 15% while maintaining comfort levels for all occupants.

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THE GREEN LEASE

Item Improvement*

AHU Fan Power 20 %

Lighting Power Density 30 %

Day lighting Compulsory

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“….mandatory agreement on key energy systems adoption by tenants, to ensure responsible and energy efficient operation by all tenants.”

*Over the compliance standard

HIGH PERFORMANCE LABORATORY RECOMMENDATIONS

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FLOOR PLAN FOR FITTED LAB SPACE

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1000m2 Fitted Lab Spaces (Level 6, CleanTech Two) N

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STATE-OF-ART FITTED LAB CONCEPT

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3 4

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6

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1: Low Energy Fume-hood with Sash control 2: BMS with IAQ Dashboard 3: Demand Control Ventilation interfacing with IAQ Dashboard 4: Supply Air damper 5: Exhaust Air damper 6: ON/OFF Switch

Image courtesy of Waldner, Germany

PASSIVE CHILLED CEILING SYSTEM

Benefits: Lower air change rates Higher efficiency chiller Smaller ducts Lower ceiling height Lesser cold drafts, air-flow noise and overall greater indoor thermal comfort Energy Saving Potential: Fan energy is reduced by 75% and the overall energy consumption of the HVAC system is reduced by 45% (ECOPHIT Installation, Germany)

27 0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

KW

H

EQUIPMENT LIGHTING COOLING AIR FANS CHILLED CEILING PUMPS

- 24 %

- 39 %

VAV SYSTEM CHILLED CEILING

- 26 %

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Benefits:

Personalized behavior-based control system

Lesser wiring and maintenance

High energy efficiency (lighting, and ventilation)

Greater indoor comfort

Energy Saving Potential:

According to ORNL, through the use

of wireless sensor networks, savings

on energy for motors used in

industrial processes could improve

efficiency by 20%

DC-DC GRID

Benefits:

DC power delivery may enhance micro-grid system integration, operation

DC suffers low voltage losses

Power conversion within the appliance can be avoided, and losses reduced

Energy Saving Potential:

Expected 20-30% electricity savings

effect of using direct DC powering,

and adequate controls scheme

29 Image courtesy of eMerge Alliance

LOW ENERGY FUMEHOOD

Benefits: Simple design with reduction in

airflow requirements by 50 to 70%

Improves user safety Reduction in energy use as well

as size of the mechanical systems required to provide adequate ACMV

New design reduces the flow up to 30% when compared to typical hood installation

New hood design also reduces lighting energy in order of 47%

Berkeley Lab’s High Performance Fumehood being tested by LBNL (now commercially available)

Image courtesy of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, USA

IAQ DASHBOARD

Benefits:

Reduce the levels of indoor air pollutants

Provide and maintain adequate airflow

Respond to IAQ‐related concerns and problems in a prompt and thorough manner

Best to be implemented in places that require high indoor air quality without compromising thermal comfort

Image courtesy OF Air Advice, USA

LIST OF TECH RECOMMENDATIONS

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ACMV

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Technology Recommended Decision

Best Efficiency Chiller Plant √

Optimized Operation using Thermal Storage √

Solar Thermal Liquid Desiccant system √

Demand Control Ventilation √

Indoor Air Quality Dashboard √

Low Energy Fume hoods √

Stratified Cooling √

Dedicated Outdoor Air System X

Radiant Cooling X

ACMV

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Technology Recommended Decision

Day Lighting Controls √

LED Lighting √

Smart Parking Luminaires √

Solar Light Tubes X

Automated Dimmable Ballasts X

PASSIVE DESIGN AND CONTROLS

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Technology Recommended Decision

Low Heat-Transfer Windows √

Green Walls √

Solar PV & Thermal System √

Automated Shading X

Reflective Coating X

DC-Powered Wireless Sensor Network X

Neuro Predicted Mean Vote for ACMV X

ENERGY SAVINGS = 32.8%

36 0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

Lighting (AC Spaces) Lighting (Non-ACSpaces)

Chiller Plant Air System Fans MV Fans Lifts ReceptacleEquipment

STANDARD DESIGN CLEANTECH TWO

72%

35%

55%

43%

30%

10%

0%

CO-AUTHORS

Nanyang Technological University

JTC Jurong Consultants

Nilesh Y. Jadhav Ng Kian Wee Dr. Uma Maheswaran

Majid Bin Haji Sapar

Aaron P. Boranian

Danielle M. Griego

Austrian Institute of Technology

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Markus Brychta Reshma Singh

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THANK YOU Image courtesy of Jurong Consultants Pvt Ltd