(scotus) brown v. entertainment merchants assoc (06.27.2011)

92
!" #$%&'"('&)&*)+" (,-(./0" -/012 " 34!4" $5%%6789" :(-/ ;" <=>?> "&@" &9"A>69&7%>2 " 6"95%%6789"#=>6B )*@>+"C&%%"7>"?>%>69>B2"69"&9 7>&)D"B*)>"&)" E*)) >E@&*) " C&@="@=&9"E69>2" 6@"@=>" @&F>"@=>" *'&)&* )"&9" &998>BG -=>"95%%6789"E*)9@&@8 @>9")*" '6?@"*A" @=>"*'&)&*)"*A" @=>",*8?@" 78@"=69" 7>>) '?>'6? >B"75" @=> 0>' *?@>?" *A" H>E &9&* )9" A*? @=> E*)I>) &>)E>" *A" @=> ?>6 B>? G" $>>"!"#$%&'($)$%* "IG"  +%$,-#$'.#/0%,'1'23/0%,'4-56 "344"JG"$G"K3!2"KKLG" !"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!' $5%%6789" .0(<:2"M(N/0:(0"(O",PQRO(0:RP2"/-"PQG"7G" /:-/0-PR:1/:-"1/0,SP:-$"P$$(,RP-R(:"/-"PQG" ,/0-R(0P0R"-("-S/"J:R-/H"$-P-/ $",(J0-"(O"PTT /PQ$"O(0" -S/":R:-S",R0,JR-" :*G"4UV!WWUG" P?D8>B":*I >F7>?"32"34!4XH>E&B>B"Y8 )>"3L2"34!!" 0>9 '*)B>)@ 92" ?>'?> 9>) @&) D" @=>" I&B >*ZD6F>" 6)B " 9*A@C6 ?>" &)B89@?&> 92" A&%>B"6"'?>>)A*?E>F>)@"E=6%%>)D>"@*"6",6%&A*?)&6"%6C"@=6@"?>9@?&E@9"@=> 96%>"*?"?>)@6%"*A"I&*%>)@"I&B>*"D6F>9"@*"F&)*?9G""-=>"O>B>?6%"H&9@?&E@" ,*8 ?@" E*) E%8 B>B" @=6 @" @=> " PE@" I&* %6@ >B" @=>" O&? 9@" PF> )BF>)@" 6)B" '>?F6)>)@%5 ">)[*&)>B"&@ 9">)A*?E>F> )@G""-=>" :&)@=",&?E8&@"6AA&? F>BG""" 8%9&:'-=>"PE@"B*>9")*@"E*F'*?@"C&@="@=>"O&?9@"PF>)BF>)@G""T'G"3V!UG #6+"N&B>*"D6F>9"\86%&A5"A*?"O&?9@"PF>)BF>)@"'?*@>E@&*)G""Q&]>"'?*Z @>E@>B"7**]92"'%6592"6)B"F*I&>92"@=>5"E*FF8)&E6@>"&B>69"@=?*8D="A6Z F&%&6 ?"%&@>?6? 5"B>I&E>9 "6)B" A>6@8 ?>9"B&9@& )E@&I >"@*" @=>"F>B& 8FG"" P)B" ^@=>"769&E"'?&)E&'%>9"*A"A?>>B*F"*A"9'>>E="G"G"G"B*")*@"I6?5_"C&@="6")>C 6)B"B&AA>?> )@" E*FF8)& E6@&* )" F>B &8FG " " ;-*%<=' >3,*$?"6 ' @"A5"IG" B#9C *-"2"KWK"JG"$G"W`a2"a4KG "" -=> "F*9@"769&E"'?&)E& '%>X@=6@ "D*I>?)F>)@ %6E]9 " @=>"'*C>? " @*"?>9@?& E@">b'?>9 9&*) " 7>E6 89>"*A"&@9" F>99 6D>2"&B>69 2 987[> E@" F6@@ >?2"*?" E*)@ >)@2 " D*=A,-E$"IG" D/%,#A)"' 4#7#9 ' 2#0% ,$#%*'!"C #-"2"aKa"JG"$G"acW2"aLKX&9"987[>E@"@*"6"A>C"%&F&@>B">bE>'@&*)9"A*?"=&9Z @*?&E6%%5"8)'?*@ >E@>B"9'>> E=2"98E="69"*79E> )&@52"&)E&@>F>) @2"6)B"A&D=@Z &)D" C* ?B 9G " " .8@" 6" %> D& 9% 6 @8 ?> " E 6 )) *@ " E ?> 6@ > " )> C" E6 @ >D * ?& >9 " *A  8)' ?*@ >E @>B" 9'> >E =" 9&F'%5 " 75" C>& D=& )D" @=> " I6%8>" *A" 6" '6? @&E 8%6 ?" E6@> D*?5"6D6&)9@"&@9" 9*E& 6%"E*9@9"6)B" @=>) " '8)& 9=&)D" &@"&A" &@"A6&%9" @=>" @ >9 @G " $> >" !"#$%&' ($)$%*" IG" ($%7%"*2" aa`" JG "$G " d2"dddG" " J)%&] >" @=>" :>C"e*?]"%6C"8'=>%B"&)" F#"*0%,G "IG" H%I'J-,K2"K`4"JG"$G"c3`2",6%&Z A*?)&6f9"PE@"B*>9")*@"6B[89@"@=>"7*8)B6?&>9"*A"6)">b&9@&)D"E6@>D*?5"*A" 8)'?*@>E@>B"9'>>E="@*">)98?>"@=6@"6"B>A&)&@&*)"B>9&D)>B"A*?"6B8%@9"&9 )*@"8)E?&@&E6%%5"6''%&>B"@*"E=&%B?>)G""R)9@>6B2"@=>"$@6@>"C&9=>9"@*"E?>Z 6@>"6"C=*%%5")>C"E6@>D*?5"*A"E*)@>)@Z769>B"?>D8%6@&*)"@=6@"&9"'>?F&9Z 9&7%>"*)%5"A*?"9'>>E="B&?>E@>B"6@"E=&%B?>)G""-=6@"&9"8)'?>E>B>)@>B"6)B"

Upload: governingworks

Post on 07-Apr-2018

215 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 1/92

!"#$%&'"('&)&*)+" (,-(./0" -/012" 34!4"

$5%%6789"

:(-/;" <=>?>"&@" &9"A>69&7%>2" 6"95%%6789"#=>6B)*@>+"C&%%"7>"?>%>69>B2"69"&97>&)D"B*)>"&)" E*))>E@&*)" C&@="@=&9"E69>2" 6@"@=>" @&F>"@=>" *'&)&*)"&9" &998>BG-=>"95%%6789"E*)9@&@8@>9")*" '6?@"*A" @=>"*'&)&*)"*A" @=>",*8?@" 78@"=69" 7>>)'?>'6?>B"75" @=>" 0>'*?@>?" *A" H>E&9&*)9" A*?" @=>" E*)I>)&>)E>" *A" @=>" ?>6B>?G"$>>"!"#$%&'($)$%*"IG" +%$,-#$'.#/0%,'1'23/0%,'4-56 "344"JG"$G"K3!2"KKLG"

!"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!'

$5%%6789"

.0(<:2"M(N/0:(0"(O",PQRO(0:RP2" /-"PQ G"7G"/:-/0-PR:1/:-"1/0,SP:-$"P$$(,RP-R(:" /-"PQ G"

,/0-R(0P0R"-("-S/"J:R-/H"$-P-/$",(J0-"(O"PTT/PQ$"O(0"-S/":R:-S",R0,JR-"

:*G"4UV!WWUG" P?D8>B":*I>F7>?"32"34!4XH>E&B>B"Y8)>"3L2"34!!"

0>9'*)B>)@92" ?>'?>9>)@&)D" @=>" I&B>*ZD6F>" 6)B" 9*A@C6?>" &)B89@?&>92"A&%>B"6"'?>>)A*?E>F>)@"E=6%%>)D>"@*"6",6%&A*?)&6"%6C"@=6@"?>9@?&E@9"@=>96%>"*?"?>)@6%"*A"I&*%>)@"I&B>*"D6F>9"@*"F&)*?9G""-=>"O>B>?6%"H&9@?&E@",*8?@" E*)E%8B>B" @=6@" @=>" PE@" I&*%6@>B" @=>" O&?9@" PF>)BF>)@" 6)B"'>?F6)>)@%5">)[*&)>B"&@9">)A*?E>F>)@G""-=>":&)@=",&?E8&@"6AA&?F>BG"""

8%9&:'-=>"PE@"B*>9")*@"E*F'*?@"C&@="@=>"O&?9@"PF>)BF>)@G""T'G"3V!UG#6+"N&B>*"D6F>9"\86%&A5"A*?"O&?9@"PF>)BF>)@"'?*@>E@&*)G""Q&]>"'?*Z

@>E@>B"7**]92"'%6592"6)B"F*I&>92"@=>5"E*FF8)&E6@>"&B>69"@=?*8D="A6ZF&%&6?"%&@>?6?5"B>I&E>9"6)B"A>6@8?>9"B&9@&)E@&I>"@*" @=>"F>B&8FG""P)B"

^@=>"769&E"'?&)E&'%>9"*A"A?>>B*F"*A"9'>>E="G"G"G"B*")*@"I6?5_"C&@="6")>C6)B"B&AA>?>)@"E*FF8)&E6@&*)" F>B&8FG" ";-*%<='>3,*$?"6' @"A5 "IG"B#9C*-" 2"KWK"JG"$G"W`a2"a4KG"" -=>"F*9@"769&E"'?&)E&'%>X@=6@"D*I>?)F>)@%6E]9"@=>"'*C>?"@*"?>9@?&E@">b'?>99&*)"7>E689>"*A"&@9" F>996D>2"&B>692987[>E@"F6@@>?2"*?" E*)@>)@2" D*=A,-E$"IG" D/%,#A)"' 4#7#9' 2#0%,$#%*' !"C#-" 2"aKa"JG"$G"acW2"aLKX&9"987[>E@"@*"6"A>C"%&F&@>B">bE>'@&*)9"A*?"=&9Z@*?&E6%%5"8)'?*@>E@>B"9'>>E=2"98E="69"*79E>)&@52"&)E&@>F>)@2"6)B"A&D=@Z&)D" C*?B9G" " .8@" 6" %>D&9%6@8?>" E6))*@" E?>6@>" )>C" E6@>D*?&>9" *A 8)'?*@>E@>B" 9'>>E=" 9&F'%5" 75" C>&D=&)D" @=>" I6%8>" *A" 6" '6?@&E8%6?"E6@>D*?5" 6D6&)9@"&@9" 9*E&6%"E*9@9"6)B" @=>)" '8)&9=&)D" &@"&A" &@"A6&%9"@=>"@>9@G" $>>"!"#$%&' ($)$%*" IG"($%7%"*2" aa " JG"$G" ddd2"dddG" " J)%&]>" @=>":>C"e*?]"%6C"8'=>%B"&)" F#"*0%,G "IG"H%I'J-,K 2"K`4"JG"$G"c3`2",6%&ZA*?)&6f9"PE@"B*>9")*@"6B[89@"@=>"7*8)B6?&>9"*A"6)">b&9@&)D"E6@>D*?5"*A"8)'?*@>E@>B"9'>>E="@*">)98?>"@=6@"6"B>A&)&@&*)"B>9&D)>B"A*?"6B8%@9"&9

)*@"8)E?&@&E6%%5"6''%&>B"@*"E=&%B?>)G""R)9@>6B2"@=>"$@6@>"C&9=>9"@*"E?>Z6@>"6"C=*%%5")>C"E6@>D*?5"*A"E*)@>)@Z769>B"?>D8%6@&*)"@=6@"&9"'>?F&9Z9&7%>"*)%5"A*?"9'>>E="B&?>E@>B"6@"E=&%B?>)G""-=6@"&9"8)'?>E>B>)@>B"6)B"

Page 2: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 2/92

3" .0(<:" 75"/:-/0-PR:1/:-"1/0,SP:-$"P$$:G"

$5%%6789"

F&9@6]>)G""-=&9"E*8)@?5"=69")*"@?6B&@&*)"*A"9'>E&6%%5"?>9@?&E@&)D"E=&%ZB?>)f9" 6EE>99" @*"B>'&E@&*)9" *A" I&*%>)E>G" " P)B",6%&A*?)&6f9"E%6&F" @=6@"^&)@>?6E@&I>_"I&B>*"D6F>9"'?>9>)@"9'>E&6%"'?*7%>F92"&)"@=6@"@=>"'%65>?'6?@&E&'6@>9"&)" @=>"I&*%>)@" 6E@&*)" *)"9E?>>)"6)B" B>@>?F&)>9"&@9" *8@ZE*F>2"&9"8)'>?9869&I>G""T'G"3V!!G

#7+".>E689>" @=>" PE@" &F'*9>9" 6" ?>9@?&E@&*)" *)" @=>" E*)@>)@" *A" '?*Z@>E@>B"9'>>E=2"&@"&9"&)I6%&B"8)%>99",6%&A*?)&6"E6)"B>F*)9@?6@>"@=6@"&@'699>9"9@?&E@"9E?8@&)52"#5%56'&@"&9"[89@&A&>B"75"6"E*F'>%%&)D"D*I>?)F>)@&)@>?>9@"6)B"&9")6??*C%5"B?6C)"@*"9>?I>"@=6@"&)@>?>9@G"L5'D5'M5"IG"($5' N)39 2"a4a"JG"$G"KLL2"K`aG"",6%&A*?)&6"E6))*@"F>>@"@=6@"9@6)B6?BG""T95ZE=*%*D&E6%"9@8B&>9"'8?'*?@&)D"@*"9=*C"6"E*))>E@&*)"7>@C>>)">b'*98?>@*"I&*%>)@"I&B>*"D6F>9"6)B"=6?FA8%" >AA>E@9"*)"E=&%B?>)"B*" )*@"'?*I>"@=6@"98E=">b'*98?>" E689>9"F&)*?9"@*" 6E@"6DD?>99&I>%5G" " P)5"B>F*)Z

9@?6@>B">AA>E@9"6?>"7*@="9F6%%"6)B"&)B&9@&)D8&9=67%>"A?*F">AA>E@9"'?*ZB8E>B"75"*@=>?"F>B&6G "$&)E>",6%&A*?)&6"=69"B>E%&)>B"@*"?>9@?&E@"@=*9>"*@=>?"F>B&62"%5G56"$6@8?B65"F*?)&)D"E6?@**)92"&@9"I&B>*ZD6F>"?>D8%6Z@&*)"&9" C&%B%5" 8)B>?&)E%89&I>2" ?6&9&)D" 9>?&*89"B*87@9" 67*8@" C=>@=>?"@=>"$@6@>"&9"'8?98&)D"@=>"&)@>?>9@"&@"&)I*]>9"*?"&9"&)9@>6B"B&9A6I*?&)D"6"'6?@&E8%6?"9'>6]>?"*?"I&>C'*&)@G"" ,6%&A*?)&6"6%9*"E6))*@"9=*C"@=6@"@=>" PE@f9" ?>9@?&E@&*)9" F>>@" @=>" 6%%>D>B" 9879@6)@&6%" )>>B" *A" '6?>)@9"C=*" C&9=" @*" ?>9@?&E@" @=>&?" E=&%B?>)f9" 6EE>99" @*" I&*%>)@" I&B>*9G" " -=>"I&B>*ZD6F>"&)B89@?5f9"I*%8)@6?5"?6@&)D"959@>F"6%?>6B5"6EE*F'%&9=>9"@=6@"@*"6"%6?D>">b@>)@G""1*?>*I>?2"69"6"F>6)9"*A"699&9@&)D"'6?>)@9"@=>" PE@"&9"D?>6@%5"*I>?&)E%89&I>2"9&)E>")*@"6%%"*A"@=>"E=&%B?>)"C=*"6?>"'?*Z=&7&@>B"A?*F" '8?E=69&)D"I&*%>)@"I&B>*"D6F>9"=6I>" '6?>)@9"C=*" B&9Z6''?*I>" *A" @=>&?" B*&)D" 9*G" " -=>" PE@" E6))*@" 96@&9A5" 9@?&E@" 9E?8@&)5G"T'G"!!V!UG"

aac"OG"KB"`a42"6AA&?F>BG"

$ ,PQRP 2" YG2" B>%&I>?>B" @=>" *'&)&*)" *A" @=>" ,*8?@2" &)" C=&E=" g /::/He 2"MR:$.J0M 2"$(-(1Pe(0 2"6)B"g PMP: 2"YYG2"[*&)>BG""P QR-( 2"YG2"A&%>B"6)"*'&)Z&*)"E*)E8??&)D"&)"@=>"[8BDF>)@2"&)"C=&E="0(./0-$ 2",G"YG2"[*&)>BG" -S(Z

1P$ 2"YG2"6)B".0/e/0 2"YG2"A&%>B"B&99>)@&)D"*'&)&*)9G"

Page 3: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 3/92

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

=5>?$@*" >:%)"86%7%87"%)");AB'C&"&8"98<D(E"<'F%)%87"A'98<'"6;AE%C(&%87"%7"&:'6<'E%D%7(<G"6<%7&"89" &:'".7%&'H"0&(&')"I'68<&)/" I'(H'<)"(<'" <'J;')&'H"&878&%9G"&:'"I'68<&'<"89"K'C%)%87)L"0;6<'D'"$8;<&"89"&:'".7%&'H"0&(&')L"M():N%7O&87L" K/"$/"23+-PL" 89" (7G" &G68O<(6:%C(E" 8<" 8&:'<"98<D(E" '<<8<)L" %7" 8<H'<&:(&"C8<<'C&%87)"D(G"A'"D(H'"A'98<'"&:'"6<'E%D%7(<G"6<%7&"O8')"&8"6<'))/"

!"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!'

=8/"3QR#--Q"

@KS.=K"T/"UI5M=L"V I /L"T5W@I=5I"5X"$YZN" ?X5I=?YL" @>"YZ/L"[@>?>?5=@I0" !""@=>@I>Y?=N"

S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y005$?Y>?5=" @>"YZ/"

5="MI?>"5X"$@I>?5IYI?">5">\@".=?>@K"0>Y>@0"$5.I>"5X" Y[[@YZ0"X5I">\@"=?=>\"$?I$.?>

]V;7'"2^L"23##_"

V.0>?$@" 0 $YZ?Y "H'E%F'<'H"&:'"86%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&/"M'"C87)%H'<"`:'&:'<"("$(E%98<7%("E(`"%D68)%7O"<')&<%CN

&%87)" 87" F%8E'7&" F%H'8" O(D')" C8D68<&)" `%&:" &:'" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&/"

?"$(E%98<7%(" Y))'DAEG" U%EE" ##^a" 1233+4L" $(E/" $%F/" $8H'"

Y77/"bb# -,R#^-,/+"1M')&"233a4"1YC&4L" 6<8:%A%&)"&:'" )(E'"8<"<'7&(E"89"cF%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')d"&8"D%78<)L"(7H"<'J;%<')"&:'%<"6(Ce(O%7O"&8"A'"E(A'E'H"c#Q/d"">:'"YC&"C8F'<)"O(D')"c%7" `:%C:" &:'" <(7O'" 89" 86&%87)" (F(%E(AE'" &8" (" 6E(G'<" %7NCE;H')" e%EE%7OL" D(%D%7OL" H%)D'DA'<%7OL" 8<" )'f;(EEG" ()N)(;E&%7O" (7" %D(O'" 89" (" :;D(7" A'%7OL" %9" &:8)'" (C&)" (<'"H'6%C&'Hd"%7"("D(77'<"&:(&"c](_"<'()87(AE'"6'<)87L"C87)%HN'<%7O"&:'"O(D'"()"("`:8E'L"`8;EH"9%7H"(66'(E)"&8"("H'F%(7&"8<"D8<A%H"%7&'<')&"89"D%78<)Ld"&:(&"%)"c6(&'7&EG"899'7)%F'"&86<'F(%E%7O")&(7H(<H)"%7"&:'"C8DD;7%&G"()"&8"`:(&"%)");%&N(AE'"98<"D%78<)Ld"(7H"&:(&"cC(;)')"&:'"O(D'L"()"("`:8E'L"&8"E(Ce" )'<%8;)" E%&'<(<GL" (<&%)&%CL" 68E%&%C(EL"8<" )C%'7&%9%C"F(E;'98<"D%78<)/d " b#^-,1H41#41Y4/" W%8E(&%87"89" &:'" YC&"%)" 6;7N%):(AE'"AG"("C%F%E"9%7'"89";6"&8"g#L333/""b#^-,/P/"

Page 4: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 4/92

2" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

I')687H'7&)L"<'6<')'7&%7O"&:'"F%H'8NO(D'"(7H")89&`(<'%7H;)&<%')L"A<8;O:&"("6<''798<C'D'7&"C:(EE'7O'"&8"&:'"YC&%7"&:'".7%&'H"0&(&')"K%)&<%C&"$8;<&"98<"&:'"=8<&:'<7"K%)N&<%C&" 89" $(E%98<7%(/" >:(&" C8;<&" C87CE;H'H" &:(&" &:'" YC&"F%8E(&'H" &:'"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&" (7H"6'<D(7'7&EG"'7B8%7'H"%&)"'798<C'D'7&/" #$%&'()'*+,-.&(/&-0&.1(2113" "F/")45,-.67&3&88&.L" =8/" $R3+R3-#QQ" ISM" 1233^4L" Y66/" &8" ['&/" 98<"$'<&/"Pa(/"">:'"$8;<&"89"Y66'(E)"(99%<D'HL" #$%&'()'*+,-.&( /&-0&.1( 2113" " F/" )45,-.7&3&88&. L" ++," X/"PH" a+3" 1$Ya"233a4L"(7H"`'"O<(7&'H"C'<&%8<(<%L"++a"./"0/"!!!!"123#34/"

??"$(E%98<7%(" C8<<'C&EG" (Ce78`E'HO')" &:(&" F%H'8" O(D')"

J;(E%9G"98<"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"6<8&'C&%87/" >:'"X<''"06''C:$E(;)'" 'f%)&)" 6<%7C%6(EEG" &8" 6<8&'C&" H%)C8;<)'" 87" 6;AE%CD(&&'<)L"A;&"`'":(F'"E87O"<'C8O7%h'H"&:(&"%&"%)"H%99%C;E&"&8H%)&%7O;%):"68E%&%C)"9<8D"'7&'<&(%7D'7&L"(7H"H(7O'<8;)"&8"&<G/" c@F'<G87'" %)" 9(D%E%(<"`%&:" %7)&(7C')" 89" 6<86(O(7H("&:<8;O:" 9%C&%87/" M:(&" %)" 87'" D(7i)" (D;)'D'7&L" &'(C:')"(78&:'<i)"H8C&<%7'/d""9$3+&.1 "F/":&,(;'.< L" PPP" ./"0/" +3^L"+#3" 1#a-Q4/" Z%e'" &:'" 6<8&'C&'H"A88e)L" 6E(G)L"(7H" D8F%')&:(&"6<'C'H'H"&:'DL"F%H'8"O(D')"C8DD;7%C(&'"%H'()j(7H'F'7" )8C%(E" D'))(O')j&:<8;O:" D(7G" 9(D%E%(<" E%&'<(<G"H'F%C')"1);C:"()"C:(<(C&'<)L"H%(E8O;'L"6E8&L"(7H"D;)%C4"(7H"&:<8;O:" 9'(&;<')" H%)&%7C&%F'" &8" &:'" D'H%;D" 1);C:" ()" &:'6E(G'<i)"%7&'<(C&%87"`%&:"&:'"F%<&;(E"`8<EH4/"">:(&");99%C')"&8"C879'<"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"6<8&'C&%87/"".7H'<"8;<"$87)&%N&;&%87L" c')&:'&%C" (7H" D8<(E" B;HOD'7&)" (A8;&" (<&" (7H" E%&N'<(&;<'" /"/"/" (<'" 98<" &:'" %7H%F%H;(E" &8" D(e'L" 78&" 98<" &:'"T8F'<7D'7&"&8"H'C<''L"'F'7"`%&:"&:'"D(7H(&'"8<"(66<8F(E89" (" D(B8<%&G/d"=3$+&%( )+-+&1" F/" >0-?@'?( A3+&.+-$3B&3+(C.'DEF(G34" L"+2a"./"0/"Q3PL"Q#Q"123334/""Y7H"`:(&'F'<"&:'"C:(EE'7O')"89"(66EG%7O"&:'"$87)&%&;&%87"&8"'F'<N(HF(7C%7O"&'C:78E8OGL"c&:'"A()%C"6<%7C%6E')"89"9<''H8D"89")6''C:"(7H"

&:'" 6<'))L" E%e'" &:'" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&i)" C8DD(7HL" H8" 78&F(<Gd"`:'7" (" 7'`" (7H" H%99'<'7&"D'H%;D"98<" C8DD;7%C(N

Page 5: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 5/92

P"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

&%87" (66'(<)/" H'1&E5( ID.1+?3F( G34" " F/"9$01'3 L" P-P" ./"0/"-a+L"+3P"1#a+24/

>:'"D8)&"A()%C"89"&:8)'"6<%7C%6E')"%)"&:%)*"c]Y_)"("O'7'<(ED(&&'<L" /"/"/" O8F'<7D'7&" :()" 78" 68`'<" &8" <')&<%C&" 'f6<')N)%87"A'C(;)'"89"%&)"D'))(O'L"%&)"%H'()L"%&)");AB'C&"D(&&'<L"8<%&)"C87&'7&/d" 2154.'*+ "F/" 2B&.$4-3(J$!$0( K$@&.+$&1(=3$'3 L"+P+"./"0/"+,-L"+^P"123324"1%7&'<7(E"J;8&(&%87"D(<e)"8D%&N&'H4/" >:'<'"(<'"89"C8;<)'"'fC'6&%87)/" ckX<8D"#^a#"&8"&:'"6<')'7&Li"/"/"/"&:'"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&":()"k6'<D%&&'H"<')&<%CN&%87)" ;687" &:'" C87&'7&" 89" )6''C:" %7" (" 9'`"E%D%&'H" (<'()Li"(7H" :()" 7'F'<" k%7CE;H']H_" (" 9<''H8D" &8" H%)<'O(<H" &:')'"&<(H%&%87(E" E%D%&(&%87)/id" "=3$+&%( )+-+&1" F/")+&!&31L" ++a"./"0/"!!!L"!!!"123#34"1)E%6"86/L"(&"+4"1J;8&%7O"L"(2"(#" "F/")+"( >-D0 L" +3+" ./"0/" P^^L" PQ2RPQP" 1#aa244/" " >:')'" E%D%&'H" (<N'()j);C:" ()" 8A)C'7%&GL" L'+5 " F/"=3$+&%( )+-+&1L" P+-" ./"0/"-^,L" -QP" 1#a+^4L" %7C%&'D'7&L" I.-3%&[email protected] " F/"M5$' L" Pa+"./"0/" ---L" -- R--a" 1#a,a4" NE&.( 4D.$-BOL" (7H" 9%O:&%7O"`8<H)L" J5-E0$31<? " F/" :&,( P-BE15$.& L" P#+" ./"0/" +,QL"+^2"1#a-24j<'6<')'7&"c`'EENH'9%7'H"(7H"7(<<8`EG"E%D%&'HCE())')"89")6''C:L"&:'"6<'F'7&%87"(7H"6;7%):D'7&"89"`:%C:":(F'"7'F'<"A''7"&:8;O:&"&8"<(%)'"(7G"$87)&%&;&%87(E"6<8ANE'DLd"$%"L"(&"+^#R+^2/"

Z()&" >'<DL" %7")+&!&31L" `'" :'EH" &:(&" 7' " C(&'O8<%')"89";76<8&'C&'H" )6''C:" D(G" 78&" A'" (HH'H" &8" &:'" E%)&" AG" ("E'O%)E(&;<'"&:(&"C87CE;H')"C'<&(%7")6''C:"%)"&88":(<D9;E"&8"A'"&8E'<(&'H/" )+&!&31(C87C'<7'H"("9'H'<(E")&(&;&'"6;<68<&N%7O" &8"C<%D%7(E%h'"&:'" C<'(&%87L")(E'L"8<" 68))'))%87"89" C'<N&(%7" H'6%C&%87)" 89" (7%D(E" C<;'E&G/" " 0''" #Q" ./"0/"$/" b-Q"1(D'7H'H"23#34/" >:'")&(&;&'"C8F'<'H"H'6%C&%87)"c%7"`:%C:"(" E%F%7O" (7%D(E" %)" %7&'7&%87(EEG" D(%D'HL" D;&%E(&'HL" &8<N&;<'HL"`8;7H'HL"8<"e%EE'Hd"%9"&:(&":(<D"&8"&:'"(7%D(E"`()"%EE'O(E" `:'<'" &:'" c&:'" C<'(&%87L" )(E'L" 8<" 68))'))%87" &]88e_"6E(C'Ld" b-Q1C41#4/" Y" )(F%7O" CE(;)'" E(<O'EG" A8<<8`'H" 9<8D8;<"8A)C'7%&G" B;<%)6<;H'7C'L" )''" Q$00&."F/"J-0$*'.3$- L"-#P"./"0/" #+L" 2-" 1#a^P4L" 'f'D6&'H" H'6%C&%87)" `%&:" c)'<%8;)<'E%O%8;)L" 68E%&%C(EL" )C%'7&%9%CL" 'H;C(&%87(EL" B8;<7(E%)&%CL"

Page 6: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 6/92

-" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

:%)&8<%C(EL"8<"(<&%)&%C"F(E;'Ld"b-Q1A4/""M'":'EH"&:(&")&(&;&'"&8" A'" (7" %D6'<D%))%AE'" C87&'7&NA()'H" <')&<%C&%87" 87")6''C:/" >:'<'"`()"78"YD'<%C(7"&<(H%&%87"89"98<A%HH%7O"&:'"%&E$4+$'3('* "(7%D(E"C<;'E&Gj&:8;O:"0&(&')":(F'"E87O":(HE(`)"(O(%7)&" 4'BB$++$38( %&/"

>:'" T8F'<7D'7&" (<O;'H" %7" )+&!&31(&:(&" E(Ce" 89" (" :%)N&8<%C(E" `(<<(7&" H%H" 78&" D(&&'<l" &:(&" %&" C8;EH" C<'(&'" 7' "C(&'O8<%')" 89" ;76<8&'C&'H" )6''C:" AG" (66EG%7O" (" c)%D6E'"A(E(7C%7O"&')&d"&:(&"`'%O:)"&:'"F(E;'"89"("6(<&%C;E(<"C(&'NO8<G" 89")6''C:" (O(%7)&" %&)" )8C%(E"C8)&)" (7H" &:'7" 6;7%):')"&:(&" C(&'O8<G" 89" )6''C:" %9" %&" 9(%E)" &:'" &')&/" ")+&!&31L" ++a"./"0/L"(&"!!!"1)E%6"86/L"(&"^4/" M'"'D6:(&%C(EEG"<'B'C&'H"&:(&c)&(<&E%7O"(7H"H(7O'<8;)d"6<868)%&%87/""G@$%"(cS(GA'"&:'<'(<'")8D'"C(&'O8<%')"89" )6''C:"&:(&":(F'"A''7" :%)&8<%C(EEG";76<8&'C&'HL" A;&" :(F'" 78&" G'&" A''7" )6'C%9%C(EEG"%H'7&%9%'H"8<"H%)C;))'H"()");C:"%7"8;<"C()'"E(`/d"" G%"L"(&"!!!"1)E%6"86/L"(&" a4/" U;&" `%&:8;&" 6'<);()%F'" 'F%H'7C'" &:(&" (" 78F'E" <'N)&<%C&%87" 87"C87&'7&"%)"6(<&"89"("E87O" 1%9" :'<'&898<'" ;7<'CN8O7%h'H4" &<(H%&%87" 89" 6<8)C<%6&%87L" (" E'O%)E(&;<'" D(G" 78&"<'F%)'"&:'"cB;HOD'7&"]89_"&:'"YD'<%C(7"6'86E'Ld"'DA8H%'H"%7"&:'" X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&L"c&:(&"&:'" A'7'9%&)"89" %&)" <')&<%CN&%87)"87"&:'"T8F'<7D'7&"8;&`'%O:"&:'"C8)&)/d" " G%"L"(&"!!!"

1)E%6"86/L"(&"^4/>:(&":8EH%7O"C87&<8E)"&:%)"C()'/#""Y)"%7")+&!&31L"$(E%98<N

jjjjjj"#"V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5 "H%)&%7O;%):')")+&!&31"87")'F'<(E"O<8;7H)"&:(&")''D"&8"

;)"%EE" 98;7H'H/" \'" );OO')&)L" E'1+L" (&"#3" 186%7%87"C87C;<<%7O" %7"B;HOND'7&4L"&:(&")+&!&31(H%H"78&"(66EG")&<%C&")C<;&%7G/""?9" &:(&"%)")8"1(7H"`'"H8;A&"%&4L"%&"`8;EH"D(e'"&:%)"(7"-(*'.+$'.$( C()'/""\'")(G)L" E'1+L"(&"aL"#3L"&:(&" &:'" $(E%98<7%(" YC&" 6;7%):')" &:'" )(E'" 8<" <'7&(E" <(&:'<" &:(7" &:'cC<'(&%87d" 8<" c68))'))%87d" 89" F%8E'7&" H'6%C&%87)/" " >:(&" H%)&%7C&%87" (6N6'(<)" 78`:'<'"%7" )+&!&31" %&)'E9L" (7H" 98<" O88H"<'()87*" ?&"`8;EH" D(e'6'<D%))%AE'"&:'"6<8:%A%&%87"89"6<%7&%7O"8<")'EE%7O"A88e)j&:8;O:"78&"&:'"`<%&%7O"89" &:'D/" M:'&:'<"O8F'<7D'7&"<'O;E(&%87"(66E%')"&8" C<'(&%7OL"H%)&<%A;&%7OL" 8<" C87);D%7O" )6''C:" D(e')" 78" H%99'<'7C'/" " Y7H" 9%7(EEGL"

V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5" 68%7&)"8;&L" E'1+ L"(&"#3L"&:(&")+&!&31(cE'9&"86'7"&:'"68))%NA%E%&G" &:(&" (" D8<'" 7(<<8`EG" H<( 7" )&(&;&'d" `8;EH" A'" C87)&%&;&%87(E/"><;'L"A;&"'7&%<'EG"%<<'E'F(7&/"")+&!&31()(%HL"++a"./"0/L"(&"!!!"1)E%6"86/L"(&"

Page 7: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 7/92

+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

7%(" :()" &<%'H" &8"D(e'" F%8E'7&N)6''C:" <'O;E(&%87" E88e" E%e'"8A)C'7%&G" <'O;E(&%87" AG" (66'7H%7O" (" )(F%7O" CE(;)'" <'NJ;%<'H" 98<" &:'" E(&&'</" >:(&" H8')" 78&" );99%C'/" 5;<" C()')":(F'"A''7"CE'(<"&:(&"&:'"8A)C'7%&G"'fC'6&%87"&8"&:'"X%<)& YD'7HD'7&" H8')" 78&" C8F'<" `:(&'F'<" (" E'O%)E(&;<'" 9%7H)"):8Ce%7OL" A;&" 87EG" H'6%C&%87)"89" c)'f;(E" C87H;C&Ld"Q$00&.L"1DE.-F "(&"2-/""0''"(E)8" J'5&3 "F/"J-0$*'.3$- L"-3P"./"0/"#+L"23"1#a^#4l" L'+5 L"1DE.-F( (&"-Q^L"(7H"7/"23/"

)+&!&31(`()"78&"&:'"9%<)&"&%D'"`'":(F'"'7C8;7&'<'H"(7H"<'B'C&'H" (" 0&(&'i)" (&&'D6&" &8" ):8':8<7" )6''C:" (A8;&" F%8NE'7C'" %7&8" 8A)C'7%&G/" " ?7"9$3+&.1 L" `'" C87)%H'<'H" (" =' " m8<e"C<%D%7(E")&(&;&'"c98<A%H]H%7O_"&:'"D())%7O"89")&8<%')"89"AE88H):'H"(7H"E;)&"%7");C:"("`(G"()"&8"%7C%&'"&8"C<%D'(O(%7)&" &:'" 6'<)87Ld" PPP" ./"0/L" (&" +#-/" " >:'" =' " m8<e"$8;<&" 89" Y66'(E)" ;6:'EH" &:'" 6<8F%)%87" ()" (" E( " (O(%7)&"8A)C'7%&G/" c]>_:'<'"C(7"A'"78"D8<'"6<'C%)'"&')&"89"`<%&&'7%7H'C'7CG"8<"8A)C'7%&GLd"%&")(%HL"c&:(7"&:'"C87&%7;%7O"(7HC:(7O'(AE'"'f6'<%'7C'"89"&:'"C8DD;7%&G"()"&8"`:(&"&G6')89"A88e)"(<'"E%e'EG"&8"A<%7O"(A8;&"&:'"C8<<;6&%87"89"6;AE%CD8<(E)"8<"8&:'<"(7(E8O8;)"%7B;<G"&8"&:'"6;AE%C"8<H'</d""G%"L"(&" +#-" 1%7&'<7(E" J;8&(&%87" D(<e)" 8D%&&'H4/" >:(&" %)" 89"C8;<)'"&:'")(D'"'f6(7)%F'"F%'`"89"O8F'<7D'7&(E"68`'<"&8"

(A<%HO'"&:'"9<''H8D"89")6''C:"A()'H"87"%7&'<')&NA(E(7C%7O"&:(&"`'"<'B'C&'H"%7")+&!&31/" 5;<"86%7%87"%7"9$3+&.1 L"`:%C:"C87CE;H'H"&:(&"&:'"='`"m8<e")&(&;&'" 9(%E'H" (" :'%O:&'7'H"F(O;'7'))")&(7H(<H"(66E%C(AE'"&8"<')&<%C&%87)";687")6''C:"'7&%&E'H"&8"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"6<8&'C&%87L"PPP"./"0/L"(&"+#^R +#aL"D(H'"CE'(<"&:(&"F%8E'7C'"%)"78&"6(<&"89"&:'"8A)C'7%&G"&:(&"&:'"$87)&%&;&%87"6'<D%&)"&8"A'"<'O;E(&'H/" >:'")6''C:"<'(C:'H"AG"&:'")&(&;&'"C87&(%7'H"c78"%7H'C'7CG"8<"8A)C'7N%&G"%7"(7G")'7)'":'<'&898<'"e78`7"&8"&:'"E(`/d"" G%"L"(&"+#a/" jjjjjj"

#a4L"&:(&"&:'"cC<;):NF%H'8d")&(&;&'"(&"%));'"&:'<'"D%O:&"6())"D;)&'<"%9"%&`'<'" E%D%&'H"&8" F%H'8)"89" (C&)"89" (7%D(E" C<;'E&G"&:(&"F%8E(&'H" &:'"E(`"

`:'<'"&:'"(C&)"`'<'"6'<98<D'H/" >:'<'"%)"78"C87&'7&%87"&:(&"(7G" 89"&:'"F%<&;(E"C:(<(C&'<)"H'6%C&'H"%7"&:'"%D(O%7(&%F'"F%H'8)"(&"%));'":'<'"(<'"C<%D%7(EEG"E%(AE'/""

Page 8: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 8/92

," UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

U'C(;)'")6''C:"(A8;&"F%8E'7C'"%)"78&"8A)C'7'L"%&"%)"89"78C87)'J;'7C'" &:(&" $(E%98<7%(i)" )&(&;&'" D%D%C)" &:'" ='`" m8<e" )&(&;&'" <'O;E(&%7O" 8A)C'7%&GN98<ND%78<)" &:(&" `';6:'EH" %7" C$31@&.8 " F/":&,( ;'.< L" Pa3" ./"0/" ,2a" 1#a,Q4/>:(&"C()'"(66<8F'H"("6<8:%A%&%87"87"&:'")(E'"&8"D%78<)"89"1&RD-0" D(&'<%(E"&:(&" `8;EH" A'" 8A)C'7'"9<8D" &:'" 6'<)6'CN&%F'" 89" (" C:%EH/2 " M'" :'EH" &:(&" &:'" E'O%)E(&;<'" C8;EHc(HB;)]&_" &:'" H'9%7%&%87" 89" 8A)C'7%&G" k&8" )8C%(E" <'(E%&%')" AG"6'<D%&&%7O" &:'" (66'(E" 89" &:%)" &G6'" 89" D(&'<%(E" &8" A'" ()N)'))'H"%7"&'<D)"89"&:'")'f;(E"%7&'<')&)"/"/"/i"89"/"/"/"D%78<)/"d"G%"L"(&",PQ"1J;8&%7O"Q$15<$3 "F/":&,( ;'.< L"PQP"./"0/"+32L"+3a" 1#a,,44/" Y7H" A'C(;)'" c8A)C'7%&G" %)" 78&" 6<8&'C&'H'f6<'))%87Ld" &:'" ='`" m8<e" )&(&;&'" C8;EH" A'" );)&(%7'H" )8"E87O" ()" &:'" E'O%)E(&;<'i)" B;HOD'7&" &:(&" &:'" 6<8)C<%A'H"D(&'<%(E)" `'<'" :(<D9;E" &8" C:%EH<'7" c`()" 78&" %<<(&%87(E/d"Pa3"./"0/L"(&",-#/"

>:'" $(E%98<7%(" YC&" %)" )8D'&:%7O" 'E)'" '7&%<'EG/" " ?&" H8')"78&"(HB;)&"&:'"A8;7H(<%')"89"(7"'f%)&%7O"C(&'O8<G"89";76<8N&'C&'H" )6''C:" &8" '7);<'" &:(&" (" H'9%7%&%87" H')%O7'H" 98<(H;E&)" %)" 78&" ;7C<%&%C(EEG" (66E%'H" &8" C:%EH<'7/" " $(E%98<7%("H8')" 78&" (<O;'" &:(&" %&" %)" 'D68 '<'H" &8" 6<8:%A%&" )'EE%7O"899'7)%F'EG"F%8E'7&"`8<e)"+'(-%D0+1 j(7H"%&"%)"`%)'"78&"&8L"

)%7C'" &:(&" %)" A;&" (" :(%<i)"A<'(H&:" 9<8D" &:'" (<O;D'7&" <'N B'C&'H" %7")+&!&31/" ?7)&'(HL" %&" `%):')" &8" C<'(&'" (" `:8EEG"7'`"C(&'O8<G"89"C87&'7&NA()'H"<'O;E(&%87"&:(&"%)"6'<D%))%NAE'"87EG"98<")6''C:"H%<'C&'H"(&"C:%EH<'7/"

>:(&" %)" ;76<'C'H'7&'H" (7H" D%)&(e'7/" c]S_%78<)" (<'" jjjjjj"

2 >:'")&(&;&'" %7" C$31@&.8 " <')&<%C&'H"&:'" )(E'"89" C'<&(%7"H'6%C&%87)"89"c7;H%&GL")'f;(E"C87H;C&L")'f;(E"'fC%&'D'7&L"8<")(H8ND()8C:%)&%C"(A;)'Ld&:(&"`'<'"ck]:_(<D9;E"&8"D%78<)/id" Y"H'6%C&%87" ()":(<D9;E"&8"D%78<)"%9"%&*

c1%4" 6<'H8D%7(7&EG" (66'(E)" &8" &:'" 6<;<%'7&L" ):(D'9;E" 8<" D8<A%H%7&'<')&)"89"D%78<)L"(7H""

c1%%4"%)"6(&'7&EG"899'7)%F'"&8"6<'F(%E%7O")&(7H(<H)"%7"&:'"(H;E&"C8DD;N7%&G"()"("`:8E'"`%&:"<')6'C&"&8"`:(&"%)");%&(AE'"D(&'<%(E"98<"D%78<)L"(7H

c1%%%4"%)";&&'<EG"`%&:8;&"<'H''D%7O")8C%(E"%D68<&(7C'"98<"D%78<)/d""Pa3"./"0/L"(&",-,"1Y66'7H%f"Y"&8"86%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&4"1J;8&%7O"=/"m/"['7(EZ(`"b-Q-R:1#41944/"

Page 9: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 9/92

^"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

'7&%&E'H" &8" (" )%O7%9%C(7&" D'();<'" 89" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&6<8&'C&%87L"(7H"87EG"%7"<'E(&%F'EG"7(<<8`"(7H"`'EENH'9%7'HC%<C;D)&(7C')" D(G" O8F'<7D'7&" A(<" 6;AE%C" H%))'D%7(&%87"89" 6<8&'C&'H" D(&'<%(E)" &8" &:'D/d"A.73'73$< " F/"H-4<1'36!$00&L"-22"./"0/"23+L"2#2R2#P"1#a^+4"1C%&(&%87"8D%&&'H4/""=8"H8;A&" (" 0&(&'" 68))'))')" E'O%&%D(&'" 68`'<" &8" 6<8&'C&" C:%ENH<'7" 9<8D" :(<DL" C$31@&.8 L"1DE.- L" (&" ,-3R,-#l" >.$34&" F/"Q-11-45D1&++1 L" P2#" ./"0/" #+QL" #,+" 1#a--4L" A;&" &:(&" H8')78&" %7CE;H'" (" 9<''N9E8(&%7O" 68 '<" &8" <')&<%C&" &:'" %H'()" &8"`:%C:"C:%EH<'7"D(G"A'" 'f68)'H/" " c06''C:" &:(&" %)" 7'%&:'<"8A)C'7'"()"&8"G8;&:)"78<");AB'C&"&8")8D'"8&:'<"E'O%&%D(&'"6<8)C<%6&%87" C(778&" A'" );66<'))'H" )8E'EG" &8" 6<8&'C&" &:'"G8;7O"9<8D"%H'()"8<"%D(O')"&:(&"("E'O%)E(&%F'"A8HG"&:%7e);7);%&(AE'"98<"&:'D/d"" A.73'73$< L"1DE.-F "(&"2#PR2#-/ P"

jjjjjj"P"V.0>?$@" > \5SY0 " %O78<')"&:'" :8EH%7O"89"A.73'73$< L"(7H"H'7%')"&:(&"

6'<)87)";7H'<"#Q":(F'"(7G"C87)&%&;&%87(E"<%O:&"&8")6'(e"8<"A'")68e'7"&8`%&:8;&" &:'%<" 6(<'7&)i" C87)'7&/" " \'" C%&')" 78" C()'L" )&(&'" 8<" 9'H'<(EL");668<&%7O"&:%)"F%'`L"(7H"&8"8;<"e78 E'HO'"&:'<'"%)"787'/"" S8)&"89":%)"H%))'7&"%)"H'F8&'H"&8"&:'"6<868)%&%87"&:(&"6(<'7&)":(F'"&<(H%&%87(EEG":(H"&:'" 68`'<" &8"C87&<8E"`:(&"&:'%<" C:%EH<'7":'(<" (7H" )(G/" " >:%)" %)"&<;'"'78;O:/" Y7H"%&"6'<:(6)"98EE8 )"9<8D"&:%)"&:(&"&:'")&(&'":()"&:'"68 '<"&8"&3*'.4&" 6(<'7&(E" 6<8:%A%&%87)j&8" <'J;%<'L" 98<" 'f(D6E'L" &:(&" &:'

6<8D8&'<)"89"(" <8Ce" C87C'<&"'fCE;H'"&:8)'"D%78<)"`:8)'"6(<'7&)":(F'"(HF%)'H"&:'"6<8D8&'<)"&:(&"&:'%<"C:%EH<'7"(<'"98<A%HH'7"&8"(&&'7H/""U;&"%&"H8')"78&"98EE8`"&:(&"&:'")&(&'":()"&:'"68`'<"&8"6<'F'7&"C:%EH<'7"9<8D:'(<%7O"8<")(G%7O" (7G&:%7O",$+5'D+( +5&$.( E-.&3+1S( E.$'.( 4'31&3+ /" >:'"E(&&'<"`8;EH"D'(7L"98<"'f(D6E'L"&:(&"%&"C8;EH"A'"D(H'"C<%D%7(E"&8"(HD%&6'<)87)";7H'<"#Q"&8"("68E%&%C(E"<(EEG"`%&:8;&"&:'%<"6(<'7&)i"6<%8<"`<%&&'7"C87)'7&j'F'7" (" 68E%&%C(E" <(EEG" %7" );668<&" 89" E( )" (O(%7)&" C8<68<(E6;7%):D'7&"89"C:%EH<'7L" 8<"E(`)" %7"9(F8<" 89"O<'(&'<"<%O:&)"98<" D%78<)/" Y7H"`:(&"%)"O88H"98<"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"<%O:&)"89")6''C:"D;)&"A'"O88H"98<"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"<%O:&)"89"<'E%O%87"()"`'EE*"?&"C8;EH"A'"D(H'"C<%D%N7(E"&8"(HD%&"("6'<)87";7H'<"#Q"&8"C:;<C:L"8<"&8"O%F'"("6'<)87";7H'<"#Q"(<'E%O%8;)"&<(C&L"`%&:8;&":%)"6(<'7&)i"6<%8<"C87)'7&/""5;<"68%7&"%)"78&L"()"V.0>?$@" > \5SY0 " A'E%'F')L" E'1+L"(&" #,L" 7/"2L"D'<'EG" &:(&");C:"E(`)" (<'"c;7H')%<(AE'/d" >:'G"(<'"8AF%8;)EG"(7"%79<%7O'D'7&";687"&:'"<'E%O%8;)

9<''H8D" 89" G8;7O" 6'86E'" (7H" &:8)'" `:8" `%):" &8" 6<8)'EG&%h'" G8;7O"6'86E'/" 0;C:" E(`)" H8" 78&" '798<C'" E-.&3+-0 " (;&:8<%&G" 8F'<" C:%EH<'7i))6''C:"(7H" <'E%O%87l"&:'G" %D68)'" 8'!&.3B&3+-0 "(;&:8<%&GL");AB'C&"87EG"

Page 10: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 10/92

Q" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

$(E%98<7%(i)"(<O;D'7&"`8;EH"9(<'"A'&&'<"%9"&:'<'"`'<'"(E87O)&(7H%7O"&<(H%&%87"%7"&:%)"C8;7&<G"89")6'C%(EEG"<')&<%C&N%7O"C:%EH<'7i)"(CC'))"&8"H'6%C&%87)"89"F%8E'7C'L"A;&"&:'<'"%)"787'/" $'<&(%7EG" &:'" @''<1 " `'" O%F'" C:%EH<'7" &8" <'(Hj8<<'(H"&8"&:'D"`:'7"&:'G"(<'"G8;7O'<jC87&(%7"78"):8<&(O'89" O8<'/" T<%DDi)" X(%<G" >(E')L" 98<" 'f(D6E'L" (<'" O<%D" %7NH''H/" Y)":'<"B;)&"H')'<&)"98<"&<G%7O"&8"68%)87"078`"M:%&'L"&:'"`%Ce'H"J;''7"%)"D(H'"&8"H(7C'"%7"<'H":8&")E%66'<)"c&%EE"):'"9'EE"H'(H"87"&:'"9E88<L"(")(H"'f(D6E'"89"'7FG"(7H"B'(EN8;)G/d" >:'" $8D6E'&'" U<8&:'<)" T<%DD" X(%<G" >(E')" #aQ"1233," 'H/4/" " $%7H'<'EE(i)" 'F%E" )&'6)%)&'<)" :(F'" &:'%<" 'G')"6'Ce'H"8;&"AG"H8F')/"" G%"L"(&" a+/" Y7H"\(7)'E"(7H" T<'&'E"1C:%EH<'7n4"e%EE"&:'%<"C(6&8<"AG"A(e%7O":'<"%7"(7"8F'7/"G%"L"(&"+-/"

\%O:N)C:88E" <'(H%7O" E%)&)" (<'" 9;EE" 89" )%D%E(<" 9(<'/"\8D'<i)" 5HG))';)" AE%7H)" [8EG6:'D;)" &:'" $GCE86)" AGO<%7H%7O"8;&":%)"'G'"`%&:"(":'(&'H")&(e'/"">:'"5HG))'G"89 \8D'<L" U88e" ?oL" 6/" #2+" 10/" U;&C:'<" p" Y/" Z(7O" &<(7)E)/#a3a4"1c@F'7" )8"H%H" `'" )'%h'" &:'" 9%'<GN68%7&'H"A<(7H" (7H"`:%<E'H"%&"<8;7H"%7":%)"'G'L"(7H"&:'"AE88H"9E8`'H"(A8;&"&:'":'(&'H"A(</""Y7H"&:'"A<'(&:"89"&:'"9E(D'")%7O'H":%)"'G'E%H)"(7H"A<8`)"(EE"(A8;&L"()"&:'"A(EE"89"&:'"'G'"A;<7&"(`(GL"(7H"

&:'" <88&)" &:'<'89"C<(CeE'H"%7"&:'"9E(D'd4/"" ?7"&:'"?79'<78L"K(7&'"(7H"W%<O%E"`(&C:"C8<<;6&"68E%&%C%(7)")&<;OOE'"&8")&(G");AD'<O'H" A'7'(&:" (" E(e'" 89" A8%E%7O" 6%&C:L" E')&" &:'G" A')e' '<'H" AG" H'F%E)" (A8F'" &:'" );<9(C'/" " $(7&8" oo?L" 66/#Q^R#Qa" 1Y/" S(7H'EA(;D" &<(7)E/" U(7&(D" $E())%C" 'H/#aQ24/" Y7H" T8EH%7Oi)" Z8<H" 89" &:'" XE%')" <'C8;7&)" :8`" (")C:88EA8G" C(EE'H" [%OOG" %)" )(F(O'EG" D;<H'<'H"@?( '+5&.(

jjjjjj"

&8"(" 6(<'7&(E"F'&8/"" ?7"&:'" (A)'7C'"89" (7G"6<'C'H'7&"98<")&(&'" C87&<8EL" ;7%7F%&'H" AG" &:'"6(<'7&)L"8F'<" (" C:%EHi)" )6''C:" (7H"<'E%O%87"1V.0>?$@

> \5SY0 " C%&')" 787'4L" (7H" %7" &:'" (A)'7C'" 89" (7G" B;)&%9%C(&%87" 98<" );C: C87&<8E"&:(&"`8;EH")(&%)9G")&<%C&")C<;&%7GL"&:8)'"E(`)"D;)&"A'";7C87)&% N

&;&%87(E/" >:%)"(<O;D'7&"%)"78&L"()" V.0>?$@" > \5SY0 "())'<&)L"cC%<C;E(<Ld" $@$%"""?&"%)"&:'"(A)'7C'"89"(7G":%)&8<%C(E"`(<<(7&"8<"C8D6'EE%7O"B;)&%9%C( N&%87"98<");C:"<')&<%C&%87)L"78&"8;<"$E1&(%$R$+L"&:(&"<'7H'<)"&:'D"%7F(E%H/""

Page 11: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 11/92

a"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

45$0%.&3"`:%E'"D(<887'H"87"(7"%)E(7H/""M/"T8EH%7OL"Z8<H"89"&:'"XE%')"23QR23a"1#aa^"'H/4/ -"

>:%)" %)" 78&" &8" )(G" &:(&" D%78<)i" C87);D6&%87" 89" F%8E'7&"'7&'<&(%7D'7&" :()" 7'F'<" '7C8;7&'<'H" <')%)&(7C'/" ?7" &:'"#Q33i)L"H%D'"78F'E)"H'6%C&%7O"C<%D'"(7H"c6'77G"H<'(H9;E)d"17(D'H"98<"&:'%<"6<%C'" (7H" C87&'7&4"`'<'"AE(D'H"%7")8D'"J;(<&'<)" 98<" B;F'7%E'" H'E%7J;'7CG/" " 0''" U<%'9" 98<" $(&8"?7)&%&;&'" ()" 2B$4D1( JD.$-& " ,R^/" " M:'7" D8&%87" 6%C&;<')"C(D'"(E87OL"&:'G"A'C(D'"&:'"F%EE(%7)"%7)&'(H/""c>:'"H(G)`:'7" &:'" 68E%C'" E88e'H" ;687" H%D'" 78F'E)" ()" &:'" D8)&H(7O'<8;)"89"&'f&A88e)"%7"&:'")C:88E"98<"C<%D'"(<'"H<( %7O"&8"("CE8)'/"/"/"/"">:'G")(G"&:(&"&:'"D8F%7O"6%C&;<'"D(C:%7'"/"/"/"&'7H)"'F'7"D8<'"&:(7"H%H"&:'"H%D'"78F'E"&8"&;<7"&:'"&:8;O:&)" 89" &:'" '()%EG" %79E;'7C'H" &8" 6(&:)" `:%C:" )8D'N&%D')"E'(H"&8"6<%)87/d" S8F%7O"[%C&;<')"()"\'E6)"&8"$<%D'L=/"m/">%D')L"X'A/"2#L"#a3aL"J;8&'H"%7"U<%'9"98<"$(&8"?7)&%N&;&'L"(&"Q/" X8<"("&%D'L"8;<"$8;<&"H%H"6'<D%&"A<8(H"C'7)8<N):%6" 89" D8F%')" A'C(;)'" 89" &:'%<" C(6(C%&G" &8" A'" c;)'H" 98<'F%ELd")''"QD+D-0(T$0B(J'.E" "F/"G3%D1+.$-0(J'BBS3('*(M5$' L"2P," ./"0/" 2P3L" 2-2" 1#a#+4L" A;&" `'" 'F'7&;(EEG" <'F'<)'H"C8;<)'L" H'1&E5( ID.1+?3F( G34" L" P-P" ./"0/L" (&" +32l" )''" (E)8"A.73'73$< L"1DE.-F " (&" 2#2R2#-" 1%7F(E%H(&%7O" (" H<%F'N%7"

jjjjjj"-"V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5" (CC;)')";)"89"6<878;7C%7O"&:(&"6E(G%7O"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"

O(D')"c%)"78&"H%99'<'7&"%7"ke%7Hi"d"9<8D"<'(H%7O"F%8E'7&"E%&'<(&;<'/"" >'1+ L"(&"2/" M'EE"89"C8;<)'"%&"%)"H%99'<'7&"%7"e%7HL"A;&"78&"%7"("`(G"&:(&"C(;)')&:'"6<8F%)%87"(7H"F%'`%7O"89"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')L";7E%e'"&:'"6<8F%)%87"(7H" <'(H%7O" 89" A88e)L" 78&" &8" A'" 'f6<'))%F'" (C&%F%&G" (7H" :'7C'" 78&" &8'7B8G" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&" 6<8&'C&%87/"" I'(H%7O"K(7&'"%)";7J;')&%87(AEG"D8<'"C;E&;<'H"(7H"%7&'EE'C&;(EEG"'H%9G%7O"&:(7"6E(G%7O"S8<&(E"q8DA(&/U;&" &:')'" C;E&;<(E" (7H" %7&'EE'C&;(E" H%99'<'7C')" (<'" 78&"4'31+$+D+$'3-0(87')/" $<;H'EG"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')L"&(`H<G">W"):8`)L"(7H"C:'(6"78F'E)"(7H"D(O(h%7')" (<'"78" E'))"98<D)"89" )6''C:"&:(7">:'"K%F%7'" $8D'HGL(7H"<')&<%C&%87)";687"&:'D"D;)&");<F%F'")&<%C&")C<;&%7Gj("J;')&%87"&8`:%C:"`'"H'F8&'"8;<"(&&'7&%87"%7"[(<&"???L" $3*.-" ""@F'7"%9"`'"C(7")''"%7"&:'D"c78&:%7O"89"(7G"68))%AE'"F(E;'"&8")8C%'&G"/"/"/"L"&:'G"(<'"()"D;C:

'7&%&E'H" &8" &:'" 6<8&'C&%87" 89" 9<''" )6''C:" ()" &:'" A')&" 89" E%&'<(&;<'/d"9$3+&.1(F/(:&,(;'.< L"PPP"./"0/"+3^L"+#3"1#a-Q4/""

Page 12: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 12/92

#3" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

D8F%')" <')&<%C&%87" H')%O7'H" &8" 6<8&'C&" C:%EH<'74/" " I(H%8"H<(D()"`'<'"7'f&L"(7H"&:'7"C(D'"C8D%C"A88e)/""U<%'9"98<"$(&8" ?7)&%&;&'L" (&" #3R##/" S(7G" %7" &:'" E(&'" #a-3i)" (7H'(<EG"#a+3i)" AE(D'H"C8D%C" A88e)"98<"98)&'<%7O" ("c6<'8CC;N6(&%87"`%&:"F%8E'7C'"(7H":8<<8<d"(D87O"&:'"G8;7OL"E'(H%7O"&8" (" <%)%7O" B;F'7%E'" C<%D'" <(&'/" " 0''" =8&'L" I'O;E(&%87" 89 $8D%C"U88e)L",Q"\(<F/"Z/"I'F/"-QaL"-a3"1#a++4/ "U;&"'998<&)"&8"C87F%7C'" $87O<'))"&8" <')&<%C&"C8D%C"A88e)"9(%E'H/"" U<%'9"98<"$8D%C"U88e"Z'O(E"K'9'7)'"X;7H"()" 2B$4D1(JD.$-& "##R"#+/ +""Y7HL"89"C8;<)'L"(9&'<"C8D%C"A88e)"C(D'"&'E'F%)%87"(7H"D;)%C"EG<%C)/

$(E%98<7%(" CE(%D)" &:(&" F%H'8" O(D')" 6<')'7&" )6'C%(E6<8AE'D)"A'C(;)'"&:'G"(<'"c%7&'<(C&%F'Ld"%7"&:(&"&:'"6E(G'<6(<&%C%6(&')"%7"&:'"F%8E'7&"(C&%87"87")C<''7"(7H"H'&'<D%7')"%&)" 8;&C8D'/" >:'" E(&&'<" 9'(&;<'" %)" 78&:%7O" 7' *" 0%7C'(&"E'()&"&:'"6;AE%C(&%87"89">:'"YHF'7&;<')"89"m8;*"0;O(<NC(7'" ?)E(7H" %7" #a,aL" G8;7O" <'(H'<)" 89" C:88)'NG8;<N8`7N(HF'7&;<'" )&8<%')" :(F'" A''7" (AE'" &8" D(e'" H'C%)%87)" &:(&"H'&'<D%7'"&:'" 6E8&" AG"98EE8`%7O" %7)&<;C&%87)" (A8;&" `:%C:"6(O'" &8" &;<7" &8/" $9/"G3+&.-4+$!&( /$8$+-0()'*+,-.&(2113" "F/")+"(K'D$1(J'D3+?F "P2a"X/"PH"a+-L"a+^Ra+Q"1$YQ"233P4/""Y)"98<"&:'"(<O;D'7&"&:(&"F%H'8"O(D')"'7(AE'"6(<&%C%6(&%87"%7

&:'"F%8E'7&"(C&%87L"&:(&")''D)"&8";)"D8<'"("D(&&'<"89"H'NO<''" &:(7" 89" e%7H/" Y)" V;HO'" [8)7'<" :()" 8A)'<F'HL" (EE"

jjjjjj"+ >:'"C<;)(H'"(O(%7)&"C8D%C"A88e)"`()"E'H"AG"("6)GC:%(&<%)&L"X<'H'<%C"

M'<&:(DL" `:8"&8EH" &:'"0'7(&'" V;H%C%(<G" $8DD%&&''" &:(&"c()" E87O" ()&:'"C<%D'"C8D%C"A88e)"%7H;)&<G"'f%)&)"%7"%&)"6<')'7&"98<D)"&:'<'"(<'"78)'C;<'":8D')/d" " V;F'7%E'"K'E%7J;'7CG"1$8D%C"U88e)4*" \'(<%7O)"A'98<'"&:'"0;AC8DD%&&''"&8" ?7F')&%O(&'"V;F'7%E'" K'E%7J;'7CGL"QPH"$87O/L"2H0'))/L" Q-" 1#a+-4/" " M'<&:(Di)" 8AB'C&%87)" 'f&'7H'H" 'F'7" &8" 0;6'<D(7C8D%C)L" `:%C:" :'" H')C<%A'H" ()" c6(<&%C;E(<EG" %7B;<%8;)" &8" &:'" '&:%C(E"H'F'E86D'7&"89"C:%EH<'7/d" G%"L"(&"Q,/""M'<&:(Di)"C<;)(H'"H%H"C87F%7C'"&:'" =' " m8<e"Z'O%)E(&;<'" &8"6())" (" A(7" 87" &:'" )(E'" 89"C'<&(%7" C8D%C"A88e)"&8"D%78<)L"A;&"%&" `()"F'&8'H"AG"T8F'<78<">:8D()"K'`'G"87"&:'"

O<8;7H" &:(&" %&" `()" ;7C87)&%&;&%87(E" O%F'7" 8;<" 86%7%87" %7"9$3+&.1F(1DE.-" "0''" >&'E0&"F/" I''<4-1&F(G34" L"#-"=/"m/"2H"-3aL"-#2R-#PL"23#"=/"@/"2H"#-L"#+R#,"1#a,-4/"

Page 13: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 13/92

##"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

E%&'<(&;<'" %)" %7&'<(C&%F'/" " c]>_:'" A'&&'<" %&" %)L" &:'" D8<'%7&'<(C&%F'/" " Z%&'<(&;<'" `:'7" %&" %)" );CC'))9;E" H<( )" &:'"<'(H'<"%7&8"&:'")&8<GL"D(e')":%D"%H'7&%9G"`%&:"&:'"C:(<(CN&'<)L"%7F%&')":%D"&8"B;HO'"&:'D"(7H"J;(<<'E"`%&:"&:'DL"&8'f6'<%'7C'"&:'%<"B8G)"(7H");99'<%7O)"()"&:'"<'(H'<i)"8`7/d" 2B&.$4-3( 2BD1&B&3+( Q-45$3&( 2113" " F/" U&3%.$4<L" 2--"X/"PH"+^2L"+^^"1$Y^"233#4"1)&<%e%7O"H8`7"(")%D%E(<"<')&<%CN&%87"87"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')4/"

V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5 " :()" H87'" C87)%H'<(AE'" %7H'6'7H'7&" <'N)'(<C:" &8" %H'7&%9GL" )''" E'1+L" (&" #-R#+L" 77/" #PR#QL" F%H'8"O(D')" %7"`:%C:"c&:'" F%8E'7C'" %)" ()&8;7H%7OLd" E'1+L"(&"#-/"cW%C&%D)"(<'"H%)D'DA'<'HL"H'C(6%&(&'HL"H%)'DA8`'E'HL")'&"87"9%<'L" (7H" C:866'H" %7&8" E%&&E'" 6%'C')/" /" /" /" UE88H" O;):')L")6E(&&'<)L" (7H" 688E)/d" "G@$%"(V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5" <'C8;7&)" (EE"&:')'"H%)O;)&%7O" F%H'8" O(D')" %7"8<H'<"&8" H%)O;)&" ;)jA;&H%)O;)&"%)"78&"("F(E%H"A()%)"98<"<')&<%C&%7O"'f6<'))%87/""Y7H"&:'" )(D'" %)" &<;'" 89" V .0>?$@" Y Z?>5 i)" H')C<%6&%87L" E'1+L" (&"#-R#+L"89"&:8)'"F%H'8"O(D')":'":()"H%)C8F'<'H"&:(&":(F'"("<(C%(E" 8<" '&:7%C" D8&%F'"98<"&:'%<"F%8E'7C'jc k'&:7%C" CE'(7N)%7Oi" ]89_" /" /" /" Y9<%C(7" YD'<%C(7)L" Z(&%78)L" 8<" V' )/d" " >8"`:(&"'7H"H8')":'"<'E(&'"&:%)r""K8')"%&")8D':8`"%7C<'()'"&:'" c(OO<'))%F'7'))d" &:(&" $(E%98<7%(" `%):')" &8" );66<'))r"

M:8"e78`)r""U;&"%&"H8')"(<8;)'"&:'"<'(H'<i)"%<'L"(7H"&:'"<'(H'<i)" H')%<'" &8" 6;&" (7" '7H" &8" &:%)" :8<<%AE'" D'))(O'/">:;)L"%<87%C(EEGL"V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5 i)"(<O;D'7&":%O:E%O:&)"&:'"6<'C%)'"H(7O'<"68)'H"AG"&:'"$(E%98<7%("YC&*"&:(&"&:'"$%&-1('f6<'))'H" AG" )6''C:j :'&:'<" %&" A'" F%8E'7C'L" 8<" O8<'L" 8<"<(C%)Dj(7H" 78&" %&)" 8AB'C&%F'" '99'C&)L" D(G" A'" &:'" <'(E"<'()87"98<"O8F'<7D'7&(E"6<8)C<%6&%87/"

???"U'C(;)'"&:'"YC&"%D68)')" ("<')&<%C&%87"87"&:'"C87&'7&"89

6<8&'C&'H" )6''C:L" %&"%)" %7F(E%H" ;7E'))"$(E%98<7%(" C(7" H'DN87)&<(&'"&:(&"%&"6())')")&<%C&")C<;&%7Gj&:(&"%)L";7E'))"%&"%)

B;)&%9%'H"AG"("C8D6'EE%7O"O8F'<7D'7&"%7&'<')&"(7H"%)"7(<N<8`EG"H<(`7"&8")'<F'"&:(&"%7&'<')&/"" L"(2"(#" L"+3+"./"0/L"(&"

Page 14: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 14/92

#2" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

Pa+/" >:'"0&(&'"D;)&")6'C%9%C(EEG"%H'7&%9G"(7"c(C&;(E"6<8ANE'Dd" %7" 7''H" 89" )8EF%7OL" >0-?@'? L" +2a" ./"0/L" (&" Q22RQ2PL"(7H"&:'"C;<&(%ED'7&"89"9<''")6''C:"D;)&"A'"(C&;(EEG"7'C')N)(<G"&8"&:'")8E;&%87L")''"L"(2"(#" L"1DE.-F "(&"Pa+/"">:(&"%)"("H'D(7H%7O")&(7H(<H/" c?&"%)"<(<'"&:(&"("<'O;E(&%87"<')&<%C&N%7O")6''C:"A'C(;)'"89"%&)"C87&'7&"`%EE"'F'<"A'"6'<D%))%AE'/d" >0-?@'? L"1DE.-F "(&"Q#Q/"

$(E%98<7%("C(778&"D''&"&:(&")&(7H(<H/" Y&"&:'"8;&)'&L"%&"(Ce78`E'HO')" &:(&" %&" C(778&" ):8`" (" H%<'C&" C(;)(E" E%7e"A'&`''7"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"(7H":(<D"&8"D%78<)/""I(&:'<L"<'EG%7O";687"8;<"H'C%)%87"%7"VD.3&.(I.'-%4-1+$38()?1+&BF(G34""F/"TJJ L"+#2"./"0/",22"1#aa-4L"&:'"0&(&'"CE(%D)"&:(&"%&"7''H" 78&" 6<8H;C'" );C:" 6<889" A'C(;)'" &:'" E'O%)E(&;<'" C(7D(e'"("6<'H%C&%F'"B;HOD'7&"&:(&");C:"("E%7e"'f%)&)L"A()'H87" C8D6'&%7O" 6)GC:8E8O%C(E" )&;H%')/" " U;&" <'E%(7C'" 87"VD.3&.(I.'-%4-1+$38 " %)"D%)6E(C'H/" >:(&"H'C%)%87" (66E%'H"$3+&.B&%$-+&(14.D+$3?(&8"("C87&'7&N7';&<(E"<'O;E(&%87/""G%"L"(&" ,,#R,,2/" $(E%98<7%(i)" A;<H'7" %)" D;C:" :%O:'<L" (7H"A'C(;)'" %&" A'(<)" &:'" <%)e" 89" ;7C'<&(%7&GL" )''" >0-?@'? L"1DE.-F "(&"Q#,RQ#^L"(DA%O;8;)"6<889"`%EE"78&");99%C'/"

>:'"0&(&'i)"'F%H'7C'"%)"78&"C8D6'EE%7O/""$(E%98<7%("<'E%')"6<%D(<%EG"87"&:'"<')'(<C:"89"K</"$<(%O"Y7H'<)87"(7H"("9'`"

8&:'<" <')'(<C:" 6)GC:8E8O%)&)" `:8)'" )&;H%')" 6;<68<&" &8):8 " (" C877'C&%87" A'& ''7" 'f68);<'" &8" F%8E'7&" F%H'8"O(D')" (7H" :(<D9;E" '99'C&)" 87" C:%EH<'7/" " >:')'" )&;H%')":(F'"A''7"<'B'C&'H"AG"'F'<G"C8;<&"&8"C87)%H'<"&:'DL , "(7H"`%&:" O88H" <'()87*" >:'G" H8" 78&" 6<8F'" &:(&" F%8E'7&" F%H'8" jjjjjj"

, 0''" #$%&'()'*+,-.&(/&-0&.1(2113" "F/()45,-.7&3&88&.F "++,"X/"PH"a+3L"a,PRa,-" 1$Ya" 233a4l" G3+&.-4+$!&( /$8$+-0( )'*+,-.&( 2113" " F/" )+"(K'D$1(J'D3+?F( P2a"X/"PH"a+-"1$YQ"233P4l" 2B&.$4-3(2BD1&B&3+(Q-45$3&(2113"(F/" U&3%.$4<L" 2--" X/"PH"+^2L" +^QR+^a" 1$Y^" 233#4l"A3+&.+-$3B&3+( )'*+6,-.&(2113"( F/"T'+$ L"-+#"X/"0;66/"2H"Q2PL"QP2RQPP"1SK"Z(/"233,4l" A3+&.6+-$3B&3+()'*+,-.&(2113" "F/"P-+45 L"--P"X/"0;66/"2H"#3,+L"#3^3"1S%77/"233,4L"(99"iHL"+#a"X/"PH"^,Q"1$YQ"233Q4l"A3+&.+-$3B&3+()'*+,-.&(2113" "F/"

C.-35'0B L"-2," X/"0;66/" 2H",-,L" ,+P" 1@K"S%C:/"233,4l" A3+&.+-$3B&3+()'*+,-.&( 2113" " F/" I0-8'W&!$45 L" -3-" X/"0;66/" 2H" #3+#L" #3,P" 1=K" ?EE/"233+4L"(99"iHL"-,a"X/"PH",-#"1$Y^"233,4/"

Page 15: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 15/92

#P"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

O(D')" 4-D1&(D%78<)" &8"-4+( (OO<'))%F'EG" 1`:%C:" `8;EH" (&"E'()&"A'"("A'O%77%7O4/" ?7)&'(HL"c]7_'(<EG"(EE"89"&:'"<')'(<C:%)" A()'H" 87" C8<<'E(&%87L" 78&" 'F%H'7C'" 89" C(;)(&%87L" (7H"D8)&"89"&:'")&;H%')");99'<"9<8D")%O7%9%C(7&L"(HD%&&'H"9E(`)"%7"D'&:8H8E8OG/d"#$%&'()'*+,-.&(/&-0&.1(2113" "++,"X/"PHL"(&"a,-/" >:'G"):8`"(&"A')&")8D'"C8<<'E(&%87"A'&`''7"'f68N);<'" &8" F%8E'7&" '7&'<&(%7D'7&" (7H" D%7;)C;E'" <'(EN`8<EH"'99'C&)L");C:"()"C:%EH<'7i)"9''E%7O"D8<'"(OO<'))%F'"8<"D(eN%7O" E8;H'<"78%)')" %7"&:'" 9'`"D%7;&')" (9&'<"6E(G%7O" (" F%8NE'7&"O(D'"&:(7"(9&'<"6E(G%7O"("787F%8E'7&"O(D'/ ^"

@F'7"&(e%7O"98<"O<(7&'H"K</"Y7H'<)87i)"C87CE;)%87)"&:(&F%8E'7&" F%H'8" O(D')" 6<8H;C'" )8D'" '99'C&" 87" C:%EH<'7i)"9''E%7O)" 89" (OO<'))%87L" &:8)'" '99'C&)" (<'" A8&:" )D(EE" (7H"%7H%)&%7O;%):(AE'" 9<8D" '99'C&)" 6<8H;C'H" AG" 8&:'<" D'H%(/?7":%)"&')&%D87G"%7"(")%D%E(<"E(`);%&L"K</"Y7H'<)87"(HD%&N&'H"&:(&"&:'"c'99'C&")%h')d"89"C:%EH<'7i)"'f68);<'"&8"F%8E'7&"F%H'8" O(D')" (<'" c(A8;&" &:'" )(D'd" ()" &:(&" 6<8H;C'H" AG&:'%<"'f68);<'"&8"F%8E'7C'"87"&'E'F%)%87/" Y66/"#2,P/" Y7H":'" (HD%&)" &:(&" &:'" 1-B& " '99'C&)" :(F'" A''7" 98;7H" `:'7"C:%EH<'7"`(&C:"C(<&887)")&(<<%7O"U;O)"U;77G"8<"&:'"I8(H"I;77'<L" $%"F"(&"#P3-L"8<"`:'7"&:'G"6E(G"F%H'8"O(D')"E%e'"087%C"&:'"\'HO':8O"&:(&"(<'"<(&'H"c@d"1(66<86<%(&'"98<"(EE"

(O')4L"$%"F"(&"#2^3L"8<"'F'7"`:'7"&:'G"cF%']`_"("6%C&;<'"89"("O;7Ld"$%"F"(&"#P#+R#P#,/ Q"

jjjjjj"^ 57'")&;HGL" 98<"'f(D6E'L"98;7H"&:(&"C:%EH<'7" `:8":(H"B;)&" 9%7%):'H

6E(G%7O"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"`'<'"D8<'"E%e'EG"&8"9%EE"%7"&:'"AE(7e"E'&&'<"%7" c'f6E8!'d" `%&:" (" cHd" 1)8" &:(&" %&" <'(H)" c'f6E8H'd4" &:(7" `%&:" (7" c<d"1c'f6E8<'d4/" Y66/" -a,L" +3," 1%7&'<7(E" J;8&(&%87" D(<e)" 8D%&&'H4/ " >:'"6<'F'7&%87" 89" &:%)" 6:'78D'787L" `:%C:" D%O:&" :(F'" A''7" (7&%C%6(&'H"`%&:"C8DD87")'7)'L"%)"78&"("C8D6'EE%7O")&(&'"%7&'<')&/"

QV.0>?$@" Y Z?>5 "%)"D%)&(e'7"%7"&:%7e%7O"&:(&"`'"9(%E"&8"&(e'"(CC8;7&"89 c7' " (7H" <(6%HEG" 'F8EF%7O" &'C:78E8OGLd" E'1+L" (&" #/" >:'" )&;H%')" %7"J;')&%87"6'<&(%7"&8"&:(&"7'`"(7H"<(6%HEG"'F8EF%7O"&'C:78E8OGL"(7H"9(%E"&8"):8`L"`%&:"&:'"H'O<''"89"C'<&%&;H'"&:(&")&<%C&")C<;&%7G"<'J;%<')L"&:(&

&:%)" );AB'C&ND(&&'<" <')&<%C&%87"87" )6''C:" %)" B;)&%9%'H/" =8<" %)" V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5" C8<<'C&"%7" (&&<%A;&%7O" &8" ;)" &:'"F%'`" &:(&" cF%8E'7&"F%H'8" O(D')<'(EEG"6<')'7&"78")'<%8;)"6<8AE'D/d"" >'1+ L"(&"2/""['<:(6)"&:'G"H8"6<')'7&"

Page 16: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 16/92

#-" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

59" C8;<)'L" $(E%98<7%(" :()" 1`%)'EG4" H'CE%7'H" &8" <')&<%C&0(&;<H(G" D8<7%7O" C(<&887)L" &:'" )(E'" 89" O(D')" <(&'H" 98<G8;7O" C:%EH<'7L" 8<" &:'" H%)&<%A;&%87" 89" 6%C&;<')" 89" O;7)/">:'" C87)'J;'7C'" %)"&:(&" %&)" <'O;E(&%87" %)" `%EHEG" ;7H'<%7NCE;)%F'" `:'7" B;HO'H" (O(%7)&" %&)" ())'<&'H" B;)&%9%C(&%87L`:%C:"%7"8;<"F%'`"%)"(E87'"'78;O:"&8"H'9'(&"%&/"".7H'<%7NCE;)%F'7'))" <(%)')")'<%8;)" H8;A&)"(A8;&" `:'&:'<" &:'" O8FN'<7D'7&"%)"%7"9(C&"6;<);%7O"&:'"%7&'<')&"%&"%7F8e')L"<(&:'<&:(7" H%)9(F8<%7O" (" 6(<&%C;E(<" )6'(e'<" 8<" F%'`68%7&/" " 0''"J$+?( '*( K-%D&" F/"C$00&'L" +#2" ./"0/" -PL" +#" 1#aa-4l" T0'.$%-()+-. "F/" I"(H"(T"L"-a#"./"0/"+2-L"+-3"1#aQa4/""\'<'L"$(E%98<N7%(":()")%7OE'H"8;&"&:'"6;<F'G8<)"89"F%H'8"O(D')"98<"H%)9(NF8<'H" &<'(&D'7&j(&" E'()&"`:'7" C8D6(<'H" &8"A88e)'EE'<)LC(<&887%)&)L" (7H" D8F%'" 6<8H;C'<)j(7H":()" O%F'7" 78"6'<N);()%F'"<'()87"`:G/"

>:'" YC&" %)" (E)8" )'<%8;)EG" ;7H'<%7CE;)%F'" %7" (78&:'<<')6'C&j(7H"("<')6'C&"&:(&"<'7H'<)"%<<'E'F(7&"&:'"C87&'7N&%87)"89"&:'"C87C;<<'7C'"(7H"&:'"H%))'7&)"&:(&"F%H'8"O(D')" jjjjjj"

("6<8AE'DL"(7H"6'<:(6)"787'"89";)"`8;EH"(EE8`"8;<"8`7"C:%EH<'7"&8"6E(G"&:'D/" U;&"&:'<'"(<'"(EE")8<&)"89"c6<8AE'D)dj)8D'"89"&:'D");<'EG"D8<')'<%8;)" &:(7" &:%)" 87'j&:(&" C(778&" A'" (HH<'))'H" AG" O8F'<7D'7&(E<')&<%C&%87"89"9<''"'f6<'))%87*"98<"'f(D6E'L"&:'"6<8AE'D"89"'7C8;<(O%7O

(7&%N0'D%&%)D"1:-+$'3-0()'4$-0$1+(>-.+?('*(2B&.$4- "F/")<'<$& L"-P2"./"0/"-P"1#a^^4" NE&.(4D.$-BO4L"&:'"6<8AE'D"89")6<'(H%7O"("68E%&%C(E"6:%E8)86:G:8)&%E'"&8"&:'"$87)&%&;&%87"1:'+' "F/"=3$+&%()+-+&1L"P,^"./"0/"2a3"1#a,#44L8<"&:'"6<8AE'D"89"'7C8;<(O%7O"H%)<')6'C&"98<"&:'"=(&%87i)"9E(O"1V&R-1"F/"H'531'3 L"-a#"./"0/"Pa^"1#aQa44/"

V.0>?$@" UI@m@I " `8;EH" :8EH" &:(&" $(E%98<7%(" :()" )(&%)9%'H" )&<%C&")C<;&%7G"A()'H";687":%)"8`7"<')'(<C:"%7&8"&:'"%));'"89"&:'":(<D9;E7'))"89"F%8E'7&" F%H'8" O(D')/" 0''" E'1+L" (&" 23RP+" 1Y66'7H%f')"&8" H%))'7&%7O86%7%874" 1E%)&%7O" C8D6'&%7O" (C(H'D%C" (<&%CE')" H%)C;))%7O" &:'" :(<D9;EN7'))" !&0(3'3 " 89"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')4/" " >:'"F()&"6<'687H'<(7C'"89" &:%)<')'(<C:"%)"8;&)%H'"&:'"<'C8<Hj(7H"%7"(7G"'F'7&"`'"H8"78&")''":8`"%&C8;EH" E'(H"&8" V.0>?$@" UI@m@I i)"C87CE;)%87L")%7C'":'" (HD%&)" :'"C(778&")(G" `:'&:'<" &:'" )&;H%')" 87":%)" )%H'" (<'" <%O:&"8<" `<87O/" " >'1+ L" (&"#+/"0%D%E(<EGL" V.0>?$@" Y Z?>5 " )(G)":'" %)"78&"c);<'d"`:'&:'<" &:'<'"(<'"(7G"

C87)&%&;&%87(EEG"H%)68)%&%F'"H%99'<'7C')"A'&`''7"F%H'8"O(D')"(7H"8&:'<D'H%(/" >'1+ L"(&"2/""?9"&:(&"%)")8L"&:'7")&<%C&")C<;&%7G"6E(%7EG":()"78&"A''7")(&%)9%'H/"

Page 17: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 17/92

#+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

(<'" J;(E%&(&%F'EG" H%99'<'7&" 9<8D" 8&:'<" 68<&<(G(E)" 89" F%8NE'7C'/" " >:'" $(E%98<7%(" Z'O%)E(&;<'" %)" 6'<9'C&EG" `%EE%7O" &8"E'(F'"&:%)"H(7O'<8;)L"D%7HN(E&'<%7O"D(&'<%(E"%7"&:'":(7H)89"C:%EH<'7")8"E87O"()"87'"6(<'7&"18<"'F'7"(7"(;7&"8<";7CE'4")(G)"%&i)"5q/""Y7H"&:'<'"(<'"78&"'F'7"(7G"<'J;%<'D'7&)"()"&8" :8`" &:%)" 6(<'7&(E" 8<" (F;7C;E(<" <'E(&%87):%6" %)" &8" A'"F'<%9%'Hl"(66(<'7&EG"&:'"C:%EHi)"8<"6;&(&%F'"6(<'7&i)L"(;7&i)L"8<";7CE'i)")(GN)8");99%C')/"">:(&"%)"78&":8`"87'"(HH<'))')"(")'<%8;)")8C%(E"6<8AE'D/

$(E%98<7%(" CE(%D)" &:(&" &:'" YC&" %)" B;)&%9%'H" %7"(%H" 89" 6(N<'7&(E"(;&:8<%&G*"UG"<'J;%<%7O"&:(&"&:'"6;<C:()'"89"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"C(7"A'"D(H'"87EG"AG" (H;E&)L"&:'"YC&"'7);<')"&:(&"6(<'7&)"C(7"H'C%H'"`:(&"O(D')"(<'"(66<86<%(&'/""Y&"&:'"8;&)'&L"`'"78&'"8;<"H8;A&)"&:(&"6;7%):%7O"&:%<H"6(<&%')98<" C87F'G%7O" 6<8&'C&'H" )6''C:" &8" C:%EH<'7" WD1+( $3( 4-1&&:'%<" 6(<'7&)" H%)(66<8F'" 89" &:(&" )6''C:" %)" (" 6<86'<" O8FN'<7D'7&(E"D'(7)"89"(%H%7O"6(<'7&(E"(;&:8<%&G/""YCC'6&%7O"&:(&" 68)%&%87" `8;EH" E(<O'EG" F%&%(&'" &:'" <;E'" &:(&" c87EG" %7<'E(&%F'EG" 7(<<8`" (7H" `'EENH'9%7'H" C%<C;D)&(7C')" D(G"O8F'<7D'7&"A(<"6;AE%C"H%))'D%7(&%87"89"6<8&'C&'H"D(&'<%N(E)"&8"]D%78<)_/d"A.73'73$< L"-22"./"0/L"(&"2#2R2#P/"

U;&"E'(F%7O"&:(&"()%H'L"$(E%98<7%("C(778&"):8`"&:(&"&:'

YC&i)"<')&<%C&%87)" D''&" (" );A)&(7&%(E"7''H"89"6(<'7&)" `:8"`%):" &8" <')&<%C&" &:'%<" C:%EH<'7i)" (CC'))" &8" F%8E'7&" F%H'8"O(D')"A;&"C(778&"H8")8/"">:'"F%H'8NO(D'"%7H;)&<G":()"%76E(C'" (" F8E;7&(<G" <(&%7O" )G)&'D" H')%O7'H" &8" %798<D" C87N);D'<)" (A8;&" &:'" C87&'7&" 89"O(D')/" >:'" )G)&'DL" %D6E'ND'7&'H" AG" &:'" @7&'<&(%7D'7&" 089&`(<'" I(&%7O" U8(<H1@0IU4L" ())%O7)" (O'N)6'C%9%C" <(&%7O)" &8" '(C:" F%H'8" O(D');AD%&&'H*" @$" 1@(<EG" $:%EH:88H4l" @" 1@F'<G87'4l" @#3s"1@F'<G87'"#3"(7H"8EH'<4l">"1>''7)4l"S"1#^"(7H"8EH'<4l"(7H" Y5" 1YH;E&)" 57EGj#Q" (7H" 8EH'<4/" " Y66/" Q,/ " >:'" W%H'8"089&`(<'" K'(E'<)" Y))8C%(&%87" '7C8;<(O')" <'&(%E'<)" &86<8D%7'7&EG" H%)6E(G"%798<D(&%87" (A8;&"&:'" @0IU" )G)&'D%7" &:'%<" )&8<')l" &8" <'9<(%7" 9<8D" <'7&%7O" 8<" )'EE%7O" (H;E&)N87EG"O(D')"&8"D%78<)l"(7H"&8"<'7&"8<")'EE"cSd"<(&'H"O(D')"

Page 18: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 18/92

#," UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

&8"D%78<)"87EG"`%&:"6(<'7&(E"C87)'7&/""G%"F"(&"-^/" ?7"233aL"&:'" X'H'<(E" ><(H'" $8DD%))%87" 1X>$4" 98;7H" &:(&L" ()" ("<');E&" 89" &:%)" )G)&'DL" c&:'" F%H'8" O(D'" %7H;)&<G" 8;&6(C')&:'"D8F%'"(7H"D;)%C"%7H;)&<%')d"%7"c1#4"<')&<%C&%7O"&(<O'&ND(<e'&%7O"89"D(&;<'N<(&'H"6<8H;C&)"&8"C:%EH<'7l"124"CE'(<EG(7H"6<8D%7'7&EG"H%)CE8)%7O"<(&%7O"%798<D(&%87l"(7H"1P4"<'N)&<%C&%7O" C:%EH<'7i)" (CC'))" &8" D(&;<'N<(&'H" 6<8H;C&)" (&"<'&(%E/d" X>$L" I'68<&" &8" $87O<'))L" S(<e'&%7O" W%8E'7&@7&'<&(%7D'7&"&8"$:%EH<'7"P3"1K'C/"233a4L"87E%7'"(&":&&6*tt```/9&C/O8Ft8)t233at#2t[aa-+##F%8E'7&'7&'<&(%7D'7&/6H9"1()"F%)%&'H"V;7'"2-L"23##L"(7H"(F(%E(AE'"%7"$E'<e"89"$8;<&i)C()'"9%E'4"1X>$"I'68<&4/ ">:%)")G)&'D"H8')"D;C:"&8"'7);<'&:(&" D%78<)" C(778&" 6;<C:()'" )'<%8;)EG" F%8E'7&" O(D')" 87&:'%<"8`7L"(7H"&:(&"6(<'7&)"`:8"C(<'"(A8;&"&:'"D(&&'<"C(7<'(H%EG" 'F(E;(&'" &:'" O(D')" &:'%<" C:%EH<'7" A<%7O" :8D'/X%EE%7O" &:'" <'D(%7%7O" D8H')&" O(6" %7" C87C'<7'HN6(<'7&)i"C87&<8E"C(7":(<HEG"A'"("C8D6'EE%7O")&(&'"%7&'<')&/a"

Y7H"9%7(EEGL"&:'"YC&i)"6;<68<&'H"(%H"&8"6(<'7&(E"(;&:8<N%&G"%)"F()&EG"8F'<%7CE;)%F'/""=8&"(EE"89"&:'"C:%EH<'7"`:8"(<'"98<A%HH'7" &8" 6;<C:()'" F%8E'7&" F%H'8" O(D')" 87" &:'%<" 8`7":(F'" 6(<'7&)" `:8" 4-.& " `:'&:'<" &:'G" 6;<C:()'" F%8E'7&"F%H'8" O(D')/" M:%E'" )8D'" 89" &:'" E'O%)E(&%87i)" '99'C&" D(G"

%7H''H" A'" %7" );668<&" 89" `:(&" )8D'" 6(<'7&)" 89" &:'" <'N)&<%C&'H"C:%EH<'7"(C&;(EEG"`(7&L"%&)"'7&%<'"'99'C&"%)"87EG"%7");668<&" 89" `:(&" &:'" 0&(&'"&:%7e)"6(<'7&)" 'D85+( &8"`(7&/">:%)"%)"78&"&:'"7(<<8`"&(%E8<%7O"&8"c())%)&%7O"6(<'7&)d"&:(&" jjjjjj"

a"V.0>?$@" UI@m@I" C87CE;H')" &:(&" &:'" <'D(%7%7O" O(6" %)" C8D6'EE%7O"A'C(;)'L"(CC8<H%7O"&8"&:'"X>$i)"<'68<&L")8D'"c23u"89"&:8)'";7H'<"#^"(<')&%EE" (AE'"&8" A;G"SN<(&'H" O(D')/d"" >'1+ L"(&"#Q"1C%&%7O"X>$"I'68<&"2Q4/U;&" )8D'" O(6" %7" C8D6E%(7C'" %)" ;7(F8%H(AE'/" " >:'" )(E'" 89" (EC8:8E" &8"D%78<)L"98<" 'f(D6E'L" :()"E87O"A''7" %EE'O(EL"A;&" ("233+")&;HG");OO')&)"&:(&"(A8;&"#Qu"89"<'&(%E'<)")&%EE")'EE"(EC8:8E"&8"&:8)'";7H'<"&:'"H<%7e%7O"(O'/" U<%'9"98<"0&(&'"89"I:8H'"?)E(7H"'&"(E""()" 2B$4$(JD.$-& "#Q/""@F'7"%9"&:'")(E'"89"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"&8"D%78<)"C8;EH"A'" H'&'<<'H"9;<&:'<"AG

%7C<'()%7O" <'O;E(&%87L" &:'" O8F'<7D'7&" H8')" 78&" :(F'" (" C8D6'EE%7O"%7&'<')&" %7" '(C:" D(<O%7(E" 6'<C'7&(O'" 68%7&" AG" `:%C:" %&)" O8(E)" (<'(HF(7C'H/"

Page 19: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 19/92

" "

#^"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

<')&<%C&%87"89"X%<)&"YD'7HD'7&"<%O:&)"<'J;%<')/"

v" v" v"$(E%98<7%(i)"'998<&"&8"<'O;E(&'"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"%)"&:'"

E(&')&"'6%)8H'"%7"("E87O")'<%')"89"9(%E'H"(&&'D6&)"&8"C'7)8<F%8E'7&"'7&'<&(%7D'7&"98<"D%78<)/""M:%E'"`'":(F'"68%7&'H"8;&" (A8F'" &:(&" )8D'" 89" &:'" 'F%H'7C'" A<8;O:&" 98<`(<H" &8);668<&" &:'" :(<D9;E7'))"89"F%H'8"O(D')" %)";76'<);()%F'L`'"H8"78&"D'(7"&8"H'D'(7"8<"H%)6(<(O'"&:'"C87C'<7)"&:(&;7H'<E%'"&:'"(&&'D6&"&8"<'O;E(&'"&:'DjC87C'<7)"&:(&"D(G"(7H"H8;A&E'))"H8"6<8D6&"("O88H"H'(E"89"6(<'7&(E"8F'<)%O:&/

M'":(F'"78"A;)%7'))"6())%7O"B;HOD'7&"87"&:'"F%'`"89"&:'$(E%98<7%(" Z'O%)E(&;<'" &:(&" F%8E'7&" F%H'8" O(D')" 18<L" 98<"&:(&"D(&&'<L"(7G"8&:'<"98<D)"89")6''C:4"C8<<;6&"&:'"G8;7O8<":(<D"&:'%<"D8<(E"H'F'E86D'7&/ "5;<"&()e"%)"87EG"&8")(G`:'&:'<"8<"78&");C:"`8<e)"C87)&%&;&'"("c`'EENH'9%7'H"(7H"7(<<8`EG" E%D%&'H" CE()])_" 89" )6''C:L" &:'" 6<'F'7&%87" (7H6;7%):D'7&"89"`:%C:":(F'"7'F'<"A''7"&:8;O:&"&8"<(%)'"(7G"$87)&%&;&%87(E" 6<8AE'DLd"J5-E0$31<? L" P#+" ./"0/L" (&" +^#R"+^2" 1&:'" (7) '<" 6E(%7EG" %)" 784l" (7H" %9" 78&L" `:'&:'<" &:'"<'O;E(&%87"89");C:"`8<e)"%)"B;)&%9%'H"AG"&:(&":%O:"H'O<''"89 7'C'))%&G"`'":(F'"H')C<%A'H"()"("C8D6'EE%7O")&(&'"%7&'<')&"1%&" %)" 78&4/" " @F'7" `:'<'" &:'" 6<8&'C&%87" 89" C:%EH<'7" %)" &:'"8AB'C&L" &:'" C87)&%&;&%87(E" E%D%&)" 87" O8F'<7D'7&(E" (C&%87(66EG/

$(E%98<7%(i)" E'O%)E(&%87" )&<(HHE')" &:'" 9'7C'" A'&`''7" 1#4"(HH<'))%7O" (" )'<%8;)" )8C%(E" 6<8AE'D" (7H" 124" :'E6%7O" C87NC'<7'H" 6(<'7&)" C87&<8E" &:'%<" C:%EH<'7/" " U8&:" '7H)" (<'"E'O%&%D(&'L"A;&"`:'7"&:'G"(99'C&" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&"<%O:&)&:'G"D;)&"A'"6;<);'H"AG"D'(7)"&:(&"(<'"7'%&:'<")'<%8;)EG";7H'<%7CE;)%F'"78<")'<%8;)EG"8F'<%7CE;)%F'/"" 0''" J5D.45('*(KD<DB$( I-@-0D( 2?&F( G34"" F/"P$-0&-5 L" +3Q" ./"0/" +23L" +-,"1#aaP4/" Y)"("D'(7)"89"6<8&'C&%7O"C:%EH<'7"9<8D"68<&<(G(E)"89"F%8E'7C'L"&:'"E'O%)E(&%87"%)")'<%8;)EG";7H'<%7CE;)%F'L"78&"

87EG" A'C(;)'" %&" 'fCE;H')" 68<&<(G(E)" 8&:'<" &:(7" F%H'8"O(D')L"A;&"(E)8"A'C(;)'"%&"6'<D%&)"("6(<'7&(E"8<"(F;7C;E(<"

Page 20: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 20/92

#Q" UI5M=" !""@=>@I>Y?=S@=>"S@I$\Y=>0"Y00=/"

56%7%87"89"&:'"$8;<&"

F'&8/" Y7H"()" ("D'(7)"89" ())%)&%7O"C87C'<7'H"6(<'7&)"%&"%))'<%8;)EG" 8F'<%7CE;)%F'" A'C(;)'" %&" (A<%HO')" &:'" X%<)&" YD'7HD'7&" <%O:&)" 89" G8;7O" 6'86E'" `:8)'" 6(<'7&)" 1(7H"(;7&)"(7H";7CE')4"&:%7e"F%8E'7&"F%H'8"O(D')"(<'"(":(<DNE'))"6()&%D'/" Y7H"&:'"8F'<A<'(H&:"%7"(C:%'F%7O"87'"O8(E"%)78&" C;<'H" AG" &:'" ;7H'<A<'(H&:" %7" (C:%'F%7O" &:'" 8&:'</Z'O%)E(&%87" );C:" ()" &:%)L" `:%C:" %)" 7'%&:'<" 9%):" 78<" 98`EL"C(778&");<F%F'")&<%C&")C<;&%7G/

M'"(99%<D"&:'"B;HOD'7&"A'E8`/"G+($1(1'('.%&.&%"(

Page 21: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 21/92

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

!"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!'

E=/"3FG#--F"

HIJ.EI"K/"LM9NE:"; M/:"K9OHME9M"9P"$56Q" 7P9ME75:" H8"56 /:"RH87879EHM0" !""HE8HM857EQ"

JHE8"JHM$S5E80"5009$75879E" H8"56 /"

9E"NM78"9P"$HM879M5M7"89"8SH".E78HI"0858H0"$9.M8"9P" 5RRH560"P9M"8SH"E7E8S"$7M$.78

T;?>'"2U:"23##V

"; .087$H" 5 6789 :" W%&X" WX=D" 8SH" $ S7HP" ; .087$H " B=%>):<=><?@@%>A"%>"&X'"B?CAD'>&/"

8X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" )&(&?&'" &X(&" %)" ['Z=@'" ?)" %>" &X%)" <()'"@'\@')'>&)" (" \%=>''@%>A" 'ZZ=@&" &=" (CC@'))" WX(&" &X'" )&(&'Y'A%)Y(&?@'" (>C" =&X'@)" @'A(@C" ()" (" \=&'>&%(YY]" )'@%=?)")=<%(Y" \@=[Y'D*" &X'" 'ZZ'<&" =Z" '^<'\&%=>(YY]" _%=Y'>&" _%C'="A(D')"=>"%D\@'))%=>([Y'"D%>=@):" WX=" =Z&'>")\'>C"<=?>&QY'))" X=?@)"%DD'@)'C"%>"&X'" (Y&'@>(&%_'"W=@YC)"&X(&"&X')'"A(D')" <@'(&'/" " 5Y&X=?AX" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" )&(&?&'" %)" W'YY"%>&'>&%=>'C:" %&)" &'@D)" (@'" >=&" Z@(D'C" W%&X" &X'" \@'<%)%=>&X(&"&X'"$=>)&%&?&%=>"C'D(>C):"(>C"7"&X'@'Z=@'"(A@''"W%&X"&X'"$=?@&"&X(&"&X%)"\(@&%<?Y(@"Y(W"<(>>=&"['")?)&(%>'C/"

7" C%)(A@'':" X=W'_'@:" W%&X" &X'" (\\@=(<X" &( '>" %>" &X'$=?@&a)" =\%>%=>/" " 7>" <=>)%C'@%>A" &X'" (\\Y%<(&%=>" =Z" ?>Q<X(>A%>A" <=>)&%&?&%=>(Y" \@%><%\Y')" &=" >'W" (>C" @(\%CY]"'_=Y_%>A" &'<X>=Y=A]:" &X%)" $=?@&")X=?YC"\@=<''C"W%&X" <(?Q&%=>/" N'")X=?YC"D( '"'_'@]"'ZZ=@&"&="?>C'@)&(>C"&X'">'W"&'<X>=Y=A]/" N'" )X=?YC" &(`'" %>&=" (<<=?>&" &X'" \=))%[%Y%&]&X(&" C'_'Y=\%>A" &'<X>=Y=A]" D(]" X(_'" %D\=@&(>&" )=<%'&(Y"%D\Y%<(&%=>)" &X(&" W%YY" ['<=D'" (\\(@'>&" =>Y]" W%&X" &%D'/"N'")X=?YC">=&"B?D\"&="&X'"<=><Y?)%=>"&X(&">'W"&'<X>=Y=A]%)"Z?>C(D'>&(YY]"&X'")(D'"()")=D'"=YC'@"&X%>A"W%&X"WX%<X"

W'" (@'" Z(D%Y%(@/" 5>C" W'" )X=?YC" >=&" X()&%Y]" C%)D%))" &X'" B?CAD'>&" =Z" Y'A%)Y(&=@):" WX=" D(]" ['" %>" (" ['&&'@" \=)%&%=>"

Page 22: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 22/92

2" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

&X(>"W'"(@'"&="())'))"&X'"%D\Y%<(&%=>)"=Z">'W"&'<X>=Y=A]/"8X'"=\%>%=>"=Z"&X'"$=?@&"'^X%[%&)">=>'"=Z"&X%)"<(?&%=>/"

7>"&X'"_%'W"=Z"&X'"$=?@&:"(YY"&X=)'"<=><'@>'C"([=?&"&X'"'ZZ'<&)" =Z" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D')bZ'C'@(Y" (>C" )&(&'" Y'A%)Y(Q&=@):"'C?<(&=@):")=<%(Y")<%'>&%)&):"(>C"\(@'>&)b(@'"?>C?Y]"Z'(@Z?Y:" Z=@" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D')" @'(YY]" \@')'>&" >=")'@%=?)\@=[Y'D/" 0''" #$%&:"(&"#3G#c:"#+G#,/""0\'>C%>A"X=?@"?\=>"X=?@"<=>&@=YY%>A"&X'"(<&%=>)"=Z"("<X(@(<&'@"WX="A?>)"C=W>")<=@')" =Z" %>>=<'>&" _%<&%D)" %)" >=&" C%ZZ'@'>&" %>"d`%>Ce" Z@=D"@'(C%>A" (" C')<@%\&%=>" =Z" _%=Y'><'" %>" (" W=@ " =Z" Y%&'@(&?@'/0''" #$%&:"(&"#3G##/"

8X'"$=?@&"%)")?@'"=Z"&X%)f"7"(D">=&/" 8X'@'"(@'"@'()=>)"&=")?)\'<&"&X(&"&X'"'^\'@%'><'"=Z"\Y(]%>A"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D')" B?)&"D%AX&"['"_'@]"C%ZZ'@'>&"Z@=D"@'(C%>A"("[==`:"Y%)&'>%>A"&="&X'"@(C%=:"=@"W(&<X%>A"("D=_%'"=@"("&'Y'_%)%=>")X=W/"

7"M')\=>C'>&)" %>" &X%)" <()':" @'\@')'>&%>A" &X'" _%C'=QA(D'"

%>C?)&@]:"()`"?)"&=")&@%`'"C=W>"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W"=>"&W="A@=?>C)*"8X'"[@=(C"A@=?>C"(C=\&'C"[]"&X'"$=?@&"(>C"&X'">(@@=W'@"A@=?>C"&X(&"&X'"Y(Wa)"C'Z%>%&%=>"=Z"d_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D':e")''"$(Y/"$%_/"$=C'"5>>/"g#U-,1C41#4154"1N')&"233h4:%)"%D\'@D%))%[Y]"_(A?'/""0''"L@%'Z"Z=@"M')\=>C'>&)"2cG,#/L'<(?)'"7"(A@''"W%&X"&X'"Y(&&'@"(@A?D'>&:"7")''">=">''C"&="@'(<X" &X'" [@=(C'@"P%@)&" 5D'>CD'>&" %))?')" (CC@'))'C" []&X'"$=?@&/#"

5"I?'" \@=<'))"@'i?%@')"&X(&" Y(W)" A%_'" \'=\Y'" =Z"=@C%>(@]"

%>&'YY%A'><'"Z(%@" >=&%<'" =Z"WX(&"%)"\@=X%[%&'C/" "'(#)$&* "_/"+,%)- ./-0.12/.(* :"-3F"./"0/"#3-:"#3F"1#hU24/""8X'"Y(<`"=Z")?<X" >=&%<'" %>" (" Y(W" &X(&" @'A?Y(&')" '^\@'))%=>" d@(%)')"

bbbbbb"# 7&"%)"W'YY"')&([Y%)X'C"&X(&"("B?CAD'>&"D(]"['"(ZZ%@D'C"=>"(>"(Y&'@Q

>(&%_'"A@=?>C"&X(&"W()"\@=\'@Y]"@(%)'C"[?&">=&"(CC@'))'C"[]"&X'"Y=W'@"<=?@&/" 3#45,$6%.$ " _/" +.$/&*&(#%&*- 7#$*4- #$*- 8(,9&4- ./- :#2,;#-<#%,.$ :"-ch"./"0/"-,c:"-UF:">/"23"1#hUh4/"

Page 23: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 23/92

c"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

)\'<%(Y" P%@)&"5D'>CD'>&" <=><'@>)" ['<(?)'" =Z"%&)" =[_%=?)<X%YY%>A" 'ZZ'<&" =>" Z@''" )\''<X/e"0&$. " _/" =;&(,1#$- +,!,>-?,9&(%,&4- @$,.$ :" +2#" ./"0/" F--:" FU#GFU2" 1#hhU4/" " O(A?'Y(W)" Z=@<'" \=&'>&%(Y" )\'( '@)" &=" d j)&''@" Z(@" W%C'@" =Z" &X'"?>Y(WZ?Y"k=>'a"/"/"/"&X(>"%Z"&X'"[=?>C(@%')"=Z"&X'"Z=@[%CC'>"(@'()"W'@'"<Y'(@Y]"D(@`'C/e" 7#66&%%"_/" 7A>>,%%:"cUU"./"0/"c,3:"cU2"1#h,-4"1i?=&%>A" BC&,4&("_/"0#$*#>> :"c+U"./"0/"+#c:"+2," 1#h+F44/" NX%Y'" d\'@Z'<&" <Y(@%&]" (>C" \@'<%)'" A?%C(><'X(_'">'_'@"[''>"@'i?%@'C"'_'>"=Z"@'A?Y(&%=>)"&X(&"@')&@%<&'^\@'))%_'" (<&%_%&]:e"3#(* " _/"0.12- =6#,$4%- 0#1,4; :" -h#"./"0/" UF#:" Uh-" 1#hFh4:" dA=_'@>D'>&" D(]" @'A?Y(&'" %>" &X'(@'(e" =Z" P%@)&" 5D'>CD'>&" Z@''C=D)" d=>Y]" W%&X" >(@@=W")\'<%Z%<%&]:e"<==+D "_/" 7A%%.$:"cU#"./"0/"-#+:"-cc"1#h,c4f")''" (Y)=" E.//;#$- F4%#%&4 " _/" G>,C4,*&H- E.//;#$- F4%#%&4H-I$1" :"-++"./"0/"-Fh:"-hh"1#hF24/" 8X')'"\@%><%\Y')"(\\Y]"&=Y(W)"&X(&"@'A?Y(&'"'^\@'))%=>"Z=@"&X'"\?@\=)'"=Z"\@=&'<&%>A"<X%YC@'>/" 0''"I$%&(4%#%&- +,(1A,%H-I$1""_/" J#>>#4 :"ch3"./"0/",U,:",Fh"1#h,F4/

S'@':" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" C=')">=&" C'Z%>'" d_%=Y'>&" _%C'="A(D')e"W%&X"&X'"d>(@@=W")\'<%Z%<%&]e"&X(&"&X'"$=>)&%&?&%=>C'D(>C)/" 7>" (>" 'ZZ=@&" &=" (_=%C" P%@)&" 5D'>CD'>&" \@=[QY'D):"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("6'A%)Y(&?@'"D=C'Y'C"%&)"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="

A(D'")&(&?&'"=>"&X'"E'W"l=@`"Y(W"&X(&"&X%)"$=?@&"?\X'YC"%>"',$49&(6 "_/"<&K-:.(2 :"ch3"./"0/",2h"1#h,F4b("Y(W"&X(&\@=X%[%&'C"&X'")(Y'"=Z"<'@&(%>")'^?(YY]"@'Y(&'C"D(&'@%(Y)"&=D%>=@):" )''" ,*" :" (&" ,c#G,cc/" L?&" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" 6'A%)Y(Q&?@'" C'\(@&'C" Z@=D" &X'"',$49&(6 " D=C'Y" %>" (>" %D\=@&(>&"@')\'<&:" (>C" &X'" Y'A%)Y(&?@'" =_'@Y== 'C" %D\=@&(>&" C%ZZ'@Q'><')"['&W''>"&X'"D(&'@%(Y)"Z(YY%>A"W%&X%>"&X'")<=\'"=Z"&X'"&W=")&(&?&')/"

L"8X'" Y(W" (&" %))?'" %>"',$49&(6 " \@=X%[%&'C" &X'" )(Y'" &="

D%>=@)" =Z" D(&'@%(Y)" &X(&" W'@'" C''D'C" dX(@DZ?Y" &=" D%Q

>=@):e"(>C"&X'"Y(W"C'Z%>'C"dX(@DZ?Y"&="D%>=@)e")%D\Y]"[](CC%>A" &X'" W=@C)" dZ=@" D%>=@)e" &=" '(<X" 'Y'D'>&" =Z" &X'"

Page 24: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 24/92

-" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

C'Z%>%&%=>" =Z" =[)<'>%&]" )'&" =?&" %>" WX(&" W'@'" &X'>" &X'"$=?@&a)" Y'(C%>A" =[)<'>%&]" C'<%)%=>):" )''"0.%5 " _/" @$,%&*-B%#%&4:"c+-"./"0/"-U,"1#h+U4:"(>C" 7..2-<#;&*-LM.5$-+>&N>#$*O4-P&;.,(4-./-#-3.;#$-./-D>&#4A(&Q "_/" =%%.($&)-'&$N&(#>-./-P#44" :"cFc"./"0/"-#c"1#h,,4/"

0''`%>A" &="[@%>A"%&)" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D'" Y(W" W%&X%>" &X'\@=&'<&%=>" =Z"',$49&(6 :" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" 6'A%)Y(&?@'" ['A(>W%&X"&X'"=[)<'>%&]"&')&"(C=\&'C"%>"P,>>&("_/"+#>,/.($,# :"-#c"./"0/"#+"1#hUc4:"("C'<%)%=>"&X(&"@'_%)'C"&X'"=[)<'>%&]"&')&)\@'_%=?)Y]" )'&"=?&"%>"0.%5 "(>C" P&;.,(4 /" 8X'"Y'A%)Y(&?@'&X'>"D(C'"<'@&(%>"D=C%Z%<(&%=>)"&="(<<=DD=C(&'"&X'"(%D"=Z"&X'"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D'"Y(W/"" .>C'@" P,>>&(:"(>"=[)<'>%&]")&(&?&'"D?)&"<=>&(%>"("&X@')XQ=YC" Y%D%&(&%=>" &X(&"@')&@%<&)"&X'" )&(&?&'a)")<=\'" &=")\'<%Z%Q<(YY]" C')<@%['C" dX(@C" <=@'e" D(&'@%(Y)/" " 0''" -#c" ./"0/:"(&"2cG2+:"2U/" " J(&'@%(Y)" &X(&" Z(YY"W%&X%>" &X%)" dX(@C"<=@'e"<(&'A=@]"D(]" ['"C''D'C"&="['"=[)<'>'"%Z"&X@''" (CC%&%=>(Y"@'i?%@'D'>&)"(@'"D'&*

1#4" (>" d(_'@(A'" \'@)=>:" (\\Y]%>A" <=>&'D\=@(@]" <=DQD?>%&]")&(>C(@C)"TD?)&V"Z%>C"/"/"/"&X'"W=@`:"&(`'>"()"("WX=Y':"(\\'(Y)"&="&X'"\@?@%'>&"%>&'@')&ef124" d&X'" W=@`" TD?)&V" C'\%<T&V" =@" C')<@%[T'V:" %>" (" \(&Q

'>&Y]" =ZZ'>)%_'" W(]:" )'^?(Y" <=>C?<&" )\'<%Z%<(YY]" C'QZ%>'C"[]"&X'"(\\Y%<([Y'")&(&'"Y(Wf"(>Ce1c4"d&X'"W=@`:"&(`'>" ()"(" WX=Y':"TD?)&V"Y(<T`V")'@%=?)"Y%&'@(@]:"(@&%)&%<:"\=Y%&%<(Y:"=@")<%'>&%Z%<"_(Y?'/e""I*" :"(&"2-"1%>&'@>(Y"i?=&(&%=>"D(@`)"=D%&&'C4/"

5C(\&%>A" &X')'" )&(>C(@C):" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" %D\=)')&X'"Z=YY=W%>A"&X@')X=YC"Y%D%&(&%=>*"dT8VX'"@(>A'"=Z"=\&%=>)(_(%Y([Y'" &=" (" \Y(]'@" TD?)&V" %><Y?CT'V" `%YY%>A:" D(%D%>A:"C%)D'D['@%>A:" =@" )'^?(YY]" ())(?Y&%>A" (>" %D(A'" =Z" (" X?QD(>"['%>A/e" g#U-,1C41#4/" 5>]"_%C'="A(D'"&X(&"D''&)"&X%)&X@')X=YC"&')&"%)")?[B'<&"&="&X'" Y(Wa)"@')&@%<&%=>)"%Z"%&" (Y)="

)(&%)Z%')"&X@''"Z?@&X'@"@'i?%@'D'>&)*"d1%4"5"@'()=>([Y'"\'@)=>:"<=>)%C'@%>A"&X'"A(D'"()"("

Page 25: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 25/92

+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

WX=Y':"W=?YC"Z%>C"T&X'"A(D'V"(\\'(Y)"&="("C'_%(>&"=@"D=@[%C"%>&'@')&"=Z"D%>=@)/"

d1%%4"7&"%)"\(&'>&Y]"=ZZ'>)%_'"&="\@'_(%Y%>A")&(>C(@C)%>"&X'"<=DD?>%&]"()"&="WX(&"%)")?%&([Y'"Z=@"D%>=@)/"

d1%%%4"7&"<(?)')"&X'"A(D':"()"("WX=Y':"&="Y(<`")'@%=?)Y%&'@(@]:" (@&%)&%<:" \=Y%&%<(Y:" =@" )<%'>&%Z%<" _(Y?'" Z=@" D%Q>=@)/e" g#U-,1C41#4154/2"

$"8X'"Z%@)&"%D\=@&(>&"C%ZZ'@'><'"['&W''>"&X'"',$49&(6 "Y(W"

(>C" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D'" )&(&?&'" <=><'@>)

&X'%@" @')\'<&%_'" &X@')X=YC" @'i?%@'D'>&)/" " 5)" >=&'C:" &X'"',$49&(6 "Y(W"[?%Y&"?\=>"&X'"&')&"Z=@"(C?Y&"=[)<'>%&]:"(>C"&X'" <?@@'>&" (C?Y&" =[)<'>%&]" &')&:" WX%<X" W()" )'&" =?&" %>"P,>>&(H-@'i?%@')"(>"=[)<'>%&]")&(&?&'"&="<=>&(%>"("&X@')X=YC"Y%D%&(&%=>" &X(&" @')&@%<&)" &X'" )&(&?&'a)" <=_'@(A'" &=" )\'<%Z%Q<(YY]"C'Z%>'C"dX(@C"<=@'e"C'\%<&%=>)/" 0''"-#c"./"0/:"(&"2cG"2+:"2U/" 8X'" P,>>&(- $=?@&" A(_'" ()" (>" '^(D\Y'" (" )&(&?&'&X(&" (\\Y%')" &=" =>Y]" dT\V(&'>&Y]" =ZZ'>)%_'" @'\@')'>&(&%=>)"=@" C')<@%\&%=>)" =Z" ?Y&%D(&'" )'^?(Y" (<&):e" dD()&?@[(&%=>:"'^<@'&=@]" Z?><&%=>):" (>C" Y'WC" '^X%[%&%=>" =Z" &X'" A'>%&(Y)/e"I* /:"(&"2+/" 8X'"P,>>&(- $=?@&"<Y'(@Y]"_%'W'C"&X%)"&X@')X=YC"Y%D%&(&%=>" ()" )'@_%>A" (" _%&(Y" >=&%<'" Z?><&%=>/" " dN'" (@'")(&%)Z%'C:e" &X'" $=?@&" W@=&':" d&X(&" &X')'" )\'<%Z%<" \@'@'i?%Q)%&')"W%YY"\@=_%C'"Z(%@">=&%<'"&="("C'(Y'@"%>")?<X"D(&'@%(Y)&X(&"X%)"\?[Y%<"(>C"<=DD'@<%(Y"(<&%_%&%')"D(]"[@%>A"\@=)'Q<?&%=>/e"I*" :"(&"2Uf")''"(Y)=" 0&$. :"4AC(#:"(&"FUc"1=[)'@_%>A"&X(&"P,>>&(a)" &X@')X=YC" Y%D%&(&%=>" d@'C?<')" &X'" _(A?'>'))" bbbbbb"

2 .>C'@"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W:"("A(D'"&X(&"D''&)"&X'"&X@')X=YC"@'i?%@'QD'>&")'&"=?&"%>"&'^&"(Y)="i?(Y%Z%')"()"d_%=Y'>&e"%Z"%&"dT'V>([Y')"&X'"\Y(]'@&=" _%@&?(YY]" %>ZY%<&" )'@%=?)" %>B?@]" ?\=>" %D(A')" =Z" X?D(>" ['%>A)" =@<X(@(<&'@)"W%&X")?[)&(>&%(YY]"X?D(>"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<)"%>"("D(>>'@"WX%<X"%)" ')\'<%(YY]" X'%>=?):"<@?'Y:"=@" C'\@(_'C" %>"&X(&"%&" %>_=Y_')" &=@&?@'"=@)'@%=?)"\X])%<(Y"([?)'"&="&X'"_%<&%D/e""g#U-,1C41#41L4/""7>"&X'"$=?@&"=Z"

5\\'(Y):"$(Y%Z=@>%("<=><'C'C" &X(&" &X%)"(Y&'@>(&%_'" C'Z%>%&%=>"%)"?><=>Q)&%&?&%=>(Y:"++,"P/"cC"h+3:"h+-:">/"+"1$5h"233h4:"(>C"&X'@'Z=@'"=>Y]"&X'@'i?%@'D'>&)")'&"=?&"%>"&'^&"(@'">=W"['Z=@'"?)/"

Page 26: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 26/92

," LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

%>X'@'>&"%>"&X'"=\'>Q'>C'C"&'@D"j\(&'>&Y]"=ZZ'>)%_'a e4/c"

L]"<=>&@()&:"&X'"&X@')X=YC"@'i?%@'D'>&"=Z"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%(Y(W"C=')">=&"\'@Z=@D"&X'">(@@=W%>A"Z?><&%=>")'@_'C"[]"&X'"Y%D%&(&%=>" %>"P,>>&(/" 5&" Y'()&" WX'>"P,>>&(" W()" C'<%C'C:"C'\%<&%=>)" =Z" dX(@C"<=@'e" )'^?(Y"<=>C?<&" W'@'" >=&" (" <=DQD=>" Z'(&?@'" =Z" D(%>)&@'(D" '>&'@&(%>D'>&/" " L?&" >=&X%>A")%D%Y(@"<(>"['")(%C"([=?&"D?<X"=Z"&X'"<=>C?<&"<=_'@'C"[]&X'" $(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W/" 7&"\@=_%C')"&X(&" ("_%C'="A(D'"<(>>=&"i?(Y%Z]"()"d_%=Y'>&e"?>Y'))"d&X'"@(>A'"=Z"=\&%=>)"(_(%Y([Y'&=" (" \Y(]'@" %><Y?C')" `%YY%>A:" D(%D%>A:" C%)D'D['@%>A:" =@")'^?(YY]" ())(?Y&%>A" (>" %D(A'" =Z" (" X?D(>" ['%>A "e"g#U-,1C41#4/

P=@"['&&'@"=@"W=@)':"=?@")=<%'&]"X()"Y=>A"@'A(@C'C"D(>]C'\%<&%=>)"=Z"`%YY%>A"(>C"D(%D%>A- "()")?%&([Y'"Z'(&?@')"=Z"\=\?Y(@" '>&'@&(%>D'>&:" %><Y?C%>A" '>&'@&(%>D'>&" &X(&" %)W%C'Y]"(_(%Y([Y'"&="D%>=@)/""8X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(Wa)"&X@')X=YC"@'i?%@'D'>&"W=?YC"D=@'"<Y=)'Y]"@')'D[Y'"&X'"Y%D%&(&%=>"%>"P,>>&("%Z"%&"&(@A'&'C"(">(@@=W'@"<Y())"=Z"A@(\X%<"C'\%<&%=>)/"

L'<(?)'"=Z"&X%)"Z'(&?@'"=Z"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(Wa)"&X@')X=YC"&')&:"&X'"W=@`"=Z" \@=_%C%>A"Z(%@">=&%<'"%)"Y'Z&"%>"Y(@A'"\(@&&="&X'"&X@''"@'i?%@'D'>&)"&X(&"Z=YY=W:"[?&"&X=)'"'Y'D'>&)"(@'"(Y)=">=&"?\"&="&X'"&()`/""7>"C@(Z&%>A"&X'"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="

A(D'"Y(W:"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("6'A%)Y(&?@'"<=?YC"X(_'"D(C'"%&)=W>" B?CAD'>&" @'A(@C%>A"&X'" `%>C" (>C" C'A@''" =Z" _%=Y'><'&X(&"%)"(<<'\&([Y'"%>"A(D')"\Y(]'C"[]"D%>=@)"1=@"[]"D%>=@)"%>"\(@&%<?Y(@" (A'"A@=?\)4/" " 7>)&'(C:" &X'" Y'A%)Y(&?@'"@'Y%'C=>"?>C'Z%>'C")=<%'&(Y"=@"<=DD?>%&]")&(>C(@C)/" bbbbbb"

c 8X'"\@=_%)%=>"=Z"E'W"l=@`"Y(W"?>C'@"WX%<X"&X'"\'&%&%=>'@"W()"<=>Q_%<&'C"%>"',$49&(6 "W()"Z@(D'C"W%&X")%D%Y(@")\'<%Z%<%&]/"" 8X%)"\@=_%)%=>(\\Y%'C"&="C'\%<&%=>)"=Z" d>?C%&]e"(>C"d)'^?(Y" <=>C?<&:e" (>C"[=&X"&X=)'&'@D)"W'@'")\'<%Z%<(YY]"(>C"?>(D[%A?=?)Y]"C'Z%>'C/"" 0''"ch3"./"0/:" (&",-+G,-U"15\\'>C%^"5"&="=\%>%=>"=Z"&X'"$=?@&4/"

- 8X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W"C=')">=&"C'Z%>'"&X'"&'@D"dD(%D%>A:e">=@"X()"&X'"0&(&'" <%&'C" (>]"C'<%)%=>)" Z@=D" %&)"<=?@&)" &X(&"C'Z%>'"&X'" &'@D" %>" &X%)"

<=>&'^&/"" 5<<=@C%>AY]:" 7" &( '" &X'" &'@D" &="X(_'" %&)" =@C%>(@]" D'(>%>A:WX%<X"%><Y?C')"&X'"%>ZY%<&%=>"=Z"(>]")'@%=?)"W=?>C:")''"N'[)&'@a)"8X%@CE'W"7>&'@>(&%=>(Y"I%<&%=>(@]"#c,2"123324"1X'@'%>(Z&'@"N'[)&'@a)4/"

Page 27: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 27/92

U"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

9>'"=Z"&X'"&X@''"'Y'D'>&)"(&"%))?'"X'@'"@'Z'@)"'^\@'))Y]"&=" d\@'_(%Y%>A" )&(>C(@C)"%>"&X'" <=DD?>%&]" ()" &=" WX(&" %))?%&([Y'"Z=@"D%>=@)/e" g#U-,1C41#41541%%4/"" 5>=&X'@" 'Y'D'>&"\=%>&)"%>" &X'" )(D'" C%@'<&%=>:" ()`%>A"WX'&X'@"dT(V"@'()=>Q([Y'"\'@)=>:"<=>)%C'@%>A"T(V"A(D'"()"("WX=Y':e"W=?YC"Z%>C&X(&"%&"d(\\'(Y)"&="("*&!,#$%"=@";.(9,* "%>&'@')&"=Z"D%>=@)/e"g#U-,1C41#41541%4"1'D\X()%)"(CC'C4/

8X'" &'@D)" dC'_%(>&e" (>C" dD=@[%Ce" (@'" >=&" C'Z%>'C" %>"&X'" )&(&?&':"(>C" $(Y%Z=@>%("=ZZ'@)">=" @'()=>"&=" &X%>`"&X(&"%&)"<=?@&)"W=?YC"A%_'"&X'"&'@D)"(>]&X%>A"=&X'@"&X(>"&X'%@"=@C%>(@]"D'(>%>A/""0''"M'\Y]"L@%'Z"Z=@"R'&%&%=>'@)"+"1(@A?Q%>A" &X(&" dT(V" @'()=>([Y'" \'@)=>" <(>" D( '" &X%)" B?CAD'>&"&X@=?AX"/"/"/"("<=DD=>"?>C'@)&(>C%>A"(>C"C'Z%>%&%=>"=Z"&X'"(\\Y%<([Y'"&'@D)e4/" 7"&X'@'Z=@'"())?D'"&X(&"dC'_%(>&e"(>C"dD=@[%Ce"<(@@]"&X'"D'(>%>A" &X(&"&X']"<=>_']"%>" =@C%>(@]")\''<X/" 8X'"(CB'<&%_'"dC'_%(>&e"=@C%>(@%Y]"D'(>)"dC'_%(&Q%>A"/"/"/"Z@=D")=D'"(<<'\&'C">=@D:e"(>C"&X'"&'@D"dD=@[%CeD'(>)"d=Z:"@'Y(&%>A"&=:"=@"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<"=Z"C%)'()'/e""N'[Q)&'@a)" ,#F:" #-,h/" 5" dC'_%(>&" =@" D=@[%C" %>&'@')&e" %>"_%=Y'><':" &X'@'Z=@':" (\\'(@)" &=" ['" (>" %>&'@')&" &X(&" C'Q_%(&')" Z@=D" WX(&" %)" @'A(@C'Cb\@')?D([Y]" %>"(<<=@C(><'W%&X" )=D'" A'>'@(YY]" (<<'\&'C" )&(>C(@Cb()" >=@D(Y" (>C

X'(Y&X]/" 8X?):" &X'" (\\Y%<(&%=>" =Z" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" %)"X'(_%Y]" C'\'>C'>&" =>" &X'" %C'>&%Z%<(&%=>" =Z" A'>'@(YY]" (<Q<'\&'C")&(>C(@C)"@'A(@C%>A"&X'")?%&([%Y%&]"=Z"_%=Y'>&"'>&'@Q&(%>D'>&"Z=@"D%>=@)/"

8X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("6'A%)Y(&?@'")''D)"&="X(_'"())?D'C"&X(&&X')'" )&(>C(@C)" (@'" )?ZZ%<%'>&Y]" W'YY" `>=W>" )=" &X(&" (\'@)=>"=Z"=@C%>(@]"%>&'YY%A'><'"W=?YC"X(_'"Z(%@">=&%<'"()"&=WX'&X'@" &X'" `%>C" (>C" C'A@''" =Z" _%=Y'><'" %>" (" \(@&%<?Y(@"A(D'" %)" '>=?AX" &=" i?(Y%Z]" &X'" A(D'" ()" d_%=Y'>&/e" 5>C"['<(?)'"&X'" P,>>&(-&')&"Y==`)"&="<=DD?>%&]")&(>C(@C):"&X'"Y'A%)Y(&?@'" D(]" X(_'" &X=?AX&" &X(&" &X'" ?)'" =Z" ?>C'Z%>'C"<=DD?>%&]")&(>C(@C)"%>"&X'"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D'"Y(W"W=?YC">=&"\@')'>&"_(A?'>'))"\@=[Y'D)/

8X'@'"%)"("<@%&%<(Y"C%ZZ'@'><':"X=W'_'@:"['&W''>"=[)<'>Q

Page 28: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 28/92

F" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

%&]" Y(W)" (>C" Y(W)" @'A?Y(&%>A" _%=Y'><'" %>" '>&'@&(%>D'>&/"L]" &X'" &%D'" =Z" &X%)" $=?@&a)" Y(>CD(@`" =[)<'>%&]" <()')" %>"&X'" #h,3a):" =[)<'>%&]"X(C" Y=>A" [''>" \@=X%[%&'C:" )''" 0.%5 :"c+-"./"0/:"(&"-F-G-F+:"(>C"&X%)"'^\'@%'><'"X(C"X'Y\'C"&=)X(\'" <'@&(%>" A'>'@(YY]" (<<'\&'C" >=@D)" <=><'@>%>A" '^Q\@'))%=>"@'Y(&'C"&=")'^/

8X'@'"%)">=")%D%Y(@"X%)&=@]"@'A(@C%>A"'^\@'))%=>"@'Y(&'C"&="_%=Y'><'/" 5)"&X'"$=?@&">=&'):"<Y())%<"Y%&'@(&?@'"<=>&(%>)"C')<@%\&%=>)"=Z"A@'(&"_%=Y'><':" (>C" '_'>" <X%YC@'>a)" )&=@%')")=D'&%D')"C'\%<&"_'@]"_%=Y'>&")<'>')/""0''" #$%&:"(&"FGh/"

5Y&X=?AX"=?@")=<%'&]"C=')">=&"A'>'@(YY]"@'A(@C"(YY"C'\%<Q&%=>)"=Z"_%=Y'><'"()")?%&([Y'"Z=@"<X%YC@'>"=@"(C=Y')<'>&):"&X'"\@'_(Y'><'"=Z"_%=Y'>&"C'\%<&%=>)"%>"<X%YC@'>a)"Y%&'@(&?@'"(>C"'>&'@&(%>D'>&"<@'(&')">?D'@=?)"=\\=@&?>%&%')"Z=@"@'()=>Q([Y'"\'=\Y'"&="C%)(A@''"([=?&"WX%<X"C'\%<&%=>)"D(]"'^<%&'dC'_%(>&e"=@"dD=@[%Ce"%D\?Y)')/" 0''"HCW(@C)"m"L'@D(>:"M'A?Y(&%>A"O%=Y'><'"=>"8'Y'_%)%=>:"Fh"EW/"./"6/"M'_/"#-FU:"#+2c"1#hh+4"1=[)'@_%>A"&X(&"&X'"P,>>&("&')&"W=?YC"['"C%ZZ%Q<?Y&"&="(\\Y]"&="_%=Y'>&"'^\@'))%=>"['<(?)'"d&X'@'"%)">=&XQ%>A"'_'>"(\\@=(<X%>A"("<=>)'>)?)"=>"Y=WQ_(Y?'"_%=Y'><'e4/

P%>(YY]:" &X'" C%ZZ%<?Y&]" =Z" ()<'@&(%>%>A" &X'" <=DD?>%&])&(>C(@C)" %><=@\=@(&'C" %>&=" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" %)" <=DQ

\=?>C'C" []" &X'" Y'A%)Y(&?@'a)" C'<%)%=>" &=" Y?D\" (YY" D%>=@)"&=A'&X'@/" 8X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W"C@(W)">="C%)&%><&%=>"['&W''>"]=?>A"<X%YC@'>"(>C"(C=Y')<'>&)"WX="(@'">'(@%>A"&X'"(A'"=Z"D(B=@%&]/

7>"@')\=>)'"&="("i?')&%=>"(&"=@(Y"(@A?D'>&:"&X'"(&&=@>']C'Z'>C%>A" &X'"<=>)&%&?&%=>(Y%&]" =Z" &X'"$(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W")(%C&X(&" &X'" 0&(&'" W=?YC" (<<'\&" (" >(@@=W%>A" <=>)&@?<&%=>" =Z"&X'" Y(W" ?>C'@" WX%<X" &X'" Y(Wa)" @'Z'@'><')" &=" dD%>=@)e"W=?YC"['"%>&'@\@'&'C"&="@'Z'@"&="&X'"=YC')&"D%>=@)b&X(&"%):"&X=)'"B?)&")X=@&"=Z"#F/" 8@/"=Z"9@(Y"5@A/"##G#2/"" S=W'_'@:"d%&" %)">=&" W%&X%>" =?@" \=W'@" &="<=>)&@?'" (>C" >(@@=W")&(&'"Y(W)/e" '(#)$&* :"-3F"./"0/:"(&"##3/""N'"<(>"=>Y]"d j'^&@(\=QY(&'" T&X'%@V" (YY=W([Y'" D'(>%>Aa e" Z@=D" &X'" )&(&?&=@]" &' &"(>C"(?&X=@%&(&%_'"%>&'@\@'&(&%=>)"=Z")%D%Y(@"Y(W)"[]"<=?@&)"

Page 29: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 29/92

h"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

=Z"&X'"0&(&'/"I9,* /"1i?=&%>A"'#($&( "_/"?.A,4,#$# :"c,F"./"0/"#+U:"#U-"1#h,#4"1P@(>`Z?@&'@:";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&44/"

7>" &X%)" <()':" $(Y%Z=@>%(" X()" >=&" \@=_%C'C" (>]" '_%C'><'&X(&" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" 6'A%)Y(&?@'" %>&'>C'C" &X'" Y(W" &=" ['Y%D%&'C"%>"&X%)"W(]:"=@" <%&'C"(>]"C'<%)%=>)"Z@=D"%&)"<=?@&)&X(&"W=?YC")?\\=@&"(>"d=YC')&"D%>=@)e"<=>)&@?<&%=>/+"

P=@"&X')'"@'()=>):"7"<=><Y?C'"&X(&"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("_%=Y'>&"_%C'=" A(D'" Y(W" Z(%Y)" &=" \@=_%C'" &X'" Z(%@" >=&%<'" &X(&" &X'"$=>)&%&?&%=>"@'i?%@')/" 5>C"7"W=?YC"A=">="Z?@&X'@/""7"W=?YC">=&"'^\@'))"(>]"_%'W"=>"WX'&X'@"("\@=\'@Y]"C@(W>")&(&?&'W=?YC" =@" W=?YC" >=&" )?@_%_'" P%@)&" 5D'>CD'>&" )<@?&%>]/N'" )X=?YC" (CC@'))" &X(&" i?')&%=>" =>Y]" %Z" (>C" WX'>" %&" %)>'<'))(@]"&="C=")=/"

77"S(_%>A"=?&Y%>'C"X=W"7"W=?YC"C'<%C'"&X%)"<()':"7"W%YY">=W"

[@%'ZY]" 'Y([=@(&'" =>" D]" @'()=>)" Z=@" i?')&%=>%>A" &X'" W%)QC=D" =Z"&X'" $=?@&a)"(\\@=(<X/" 0=D'"=Z"&X')'"@'()=>)" (@'"&=?<X'C"?\=>"[]"&X'"C%))'>&):"(>C"WX%Y'"7"(D">=&"\@'\(@'C(&" &X%)" &%D'" &=" A=" ()" Z(@" ()" '%&X'@" ;.087$H" 8 S9J50 " =@"; .087$H" L MHlHM :"&X']"@(%)'"_(Y%C"<=><'@>)/"

5"

8X'"$=?@&"%)"W@=>A"%>")(]%>A"&X(&"&X'"X=YC%>A"%>"@$,%&*-B%#%&4"_/"B%&!&$4:"++h"./"0/"!!!"123#34:"d<=>&@=Y)"&X%)"<()'/e" =$%&:" (&" -/ " P%@)&:" &X'" )&(&?&'" %>"B%&!&$4" C%ZZ'@'C" )X(@\Y]Z@=D"&X'")&(&?&'"(&"%))?'"X'@'/"B%&!&$4")&@?<`"C=W>"("Y(W"&X(&"[@=(CY]"\@=X%[%&'C"#$)-C&(4.$ "Z@=D"<@'(&%>A:")'YY%>A:=@"\=))'))%>A"C'\%<&%=>)"=Z"(>%D(Y"<@?'Y&]"Z=@"<=DD'@<%(YA(%>/" 8X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" %>_=Y_'C" X'@':" []" <=>&@()&:" %)"

bbbbbb"+ 5&"=@(Y" (@A?D'>&:"$(Y%Z=@>%("(Y)="\@=\=)'C"&X(&" &X'"&'@D"dD%>=@)e

<=?YC" ['"%>&'@\@'&'C"()" @'Z'@@%>A" &="&X'"d&]\%<(Y" (A'"A@=?\"=Z"D%>=@)e"WX=" \Y(]"_%C'="A(D')/" 8@/"=Z"9@(Y"5@A/"##/"" L?&" >=&X%>A"%>"&X'"Y(Wa)"

&'^&")?\\=@&)")?<X"("Y%D%&(&%=>/""E=@"X()"$(Y%Z=@>%("<%&'C"(>]"C'<%)%=>)"%>C%<(&%>A"&X(&"%&)"<=?@&)"W=?YC"@')&@%<&"&X'"Y(W"%>"&X%)"W(]/""5>C"&X'@'"%)">=&X%>A"%>"&X'"@'<=@C"%>C%<(&%>A"WX(&"&X%)"(A'"A@=?\"D%AX&"['/"

Page 30: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 30/92

#3" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

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

0'<=>C:" B%&!&$4-C=')">=&")?\\=@&"&X'"\@=\=)%&%=>"&X(&"(Y(W"Y%`'"&X'"=>'"(&"%))?'"D?)&")(&%)Z]")&@%<&")<@?&%>]/""8X'"\=@&%=>" =Z"B%&!&$4" =>"WX%<X"&X'" $=?@&"@'Y%')"@'B'<&'C" &X'K=_'@>D'>&a)"<=>&'>&%=>"&X(&"C'\%<&%=>)"=Z"(>%D(Y"<@?'Y&]W'@'"<(&'A=@%<(YY]"=?&)%C'"&X'"@(>A'"=Z"#$) "P%@)&"5D'>CQD'>&" \@=&'<&%=>/" ++h" ./"0/:" (&" !!"1)Y%\" =\/:" (&" +4/" " K=%>A"W'YY" [']=>C" B%&!&$):" &X'" $=?@&" >=W" X=YC)" &X(&" (>]" Y(W"&X(&" (&&'D\&)" &="\@'_'>&" D%>=@)"Z@=D" \?@<X()%>A" _%=Y'>&"_%C'=" A(D')" D?)&" )(&%)Z]" )&@%<&" )<@?&%>]" %>)&'(C" =Z" &X'"D=@'"Y'>%'>&")&(>C(@C"(\\Y%'C"%>"',$49&(6 :"ch3"./"0/",2h:"=?@"D=)&"<Y=)'Y]"@'Y(&'C"\@'<'C'>&/""5)"(" @')?Y&"=Z"&=C(]a)"C'<%)%=>:"("0&(&'"D(]" \@=X%[%&"&X'" )(Y'"&="D%>=@)"=Z"WX(&"',$49&(6 "C')<@%['C"()"dA%@Y%'"D(A(k%>'):e"[?&"("0&(&'"D?)&

)?@D=?>&" (" Z=@D%C([Y'" 1(>C" \'@X(\)" %>)?@D=?>&([Y'4=[)&(<Y'" %Z"%&" W%)X')"&=" \@'_'>&" <X%YC@'>"Z@=D" \?@<X()%>A"&X'"D=)&"_%=Y'>&"(>C"C'\@(_'C"_%C'="A(D')"%D(A%>([Y'/

8X%@C:"B%&!&$4" '^\@'))Y]"Y'Z&"=\'>"&X'"\=))%[%Y%&]"&X(&"("D=@'" >(@@=WY]" C@(W>" )&(&?&'" &(@A'&%>A" C'\%<&%=>)" =Z"(>%D(Y" <@?'Y&]" D%AX&" ['" <=D\(&%[Y'" W%&X" &X'" P%@)&" 5D'>CD'>&/" 0''"++h"./"0/:"(&"!!!"1)Y%\"=\/:"(&"#h4/""7>"&X%)"<()':" &X'" $=?@&a)" )W''\%>A" =\%>%=>" W%YY" Y% 'Y]"['" @'(C" []"D(>]:"[=&X"%>)%C'"(>C"=?&)%C'"&X'"_%C'=QA(D'"%>C?)&@]:"())?AA')&%>A" &X(&">="@'A?Y(&%=>"=Z"D%>=@)a" (<<'))"&=" _%=Y'>&"_%C'=" A(D')" %)" (YY=W'Cb(&" Y'()&" W%&X=?&" )?\\=@&%>A" '_%QC'><'" &X(&" D(]" >=&" ['" @'(Y%)&%<(YY]" =[&(%>([Y'" A%_'>" &X'">(&?@'"=Z"&X'"\X'>=D'>=>"%>"i?')&%=>/"

Page 31: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 31/92

##"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&

L"

8X'"$=?@&a)"=\%>%=>"C%)&=@&)"&X'"'ZZ'<&"=Z"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W/" 7"<'@&(%>Y]"(A@''"W%&X"&X'"$=?@&"&X(&"&X'"A=_'@>D'>&X()" >="dZ@''QZY=(&%>A" \=W'@" &="@')&@%<&" &X'" %C'()" &="WX%<X<X%YC@'>" D(]" ['" '^\=)'C:e" #$%&:" (&" U:" [?&" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W"C=')">=&"'^'@<%)'")?<X"("\=W'@/" 7Z"\(@'>&)"W(>&"&X'%@<X%YC"&="X(_'"("_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D':"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%("Y(W"C=')">=&"%>&'@Z'@'"W%&X"&X(&"\(@'>&(Y"\@'@=A(&%_'/" 7>)&'(C:"&X'"$(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" @'%>Z=@<')" \(@'>&(Y" C'<%)%=>D( %>A" %>'^(<&Y]"&X'")(D'"W(]"()"&X'"E'W"l=@`")&(&?&'"?\X'YC"%>"',$49&(6 /" .>C'@" [=&X" Y(W):" D%>=@)" (@'" \@'_'>&'C" Z@=D\?@<X()%>A" <'@&(%>" D(&'@%(Y)f" (>C" ?>C'@" [=&X" Y(W):" \(@Q'>&)"(@'"Z@''"&=")?\\Y]"&X'%@"<X%YC@'>"W%&X"&X')'"%&'D)"%Z"&X(&"%)"&X'%@"W%)X/"

$%&%>A" &X'" _%C'=QA(D'" %>C?)&@]a)" _=Y?>&(@]" @(&%>A" )])Q&'D:" &X'" $=?@&" (@A?')" &X(&" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" C=')" >=&"dD''&"(" )?[)&(>&%(Y">''C" =Z" \(@'>&)" WX=" W%)X" &="@')&@%<&&X'%@" <X%YC@'>a)" (<<'))"&=" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D')" [?&" <(>>=&"C=")=/e" =$%&:"(&"#+/""8X'"$=?@&"C=')">=&"D'>&%=>"&X'"Z(<&"&X(&" &X'" %>C?)&@]"(C=\&'C" &X%)" )])&'D"%>"@')\=>)'" &="&X'&X@'(&"=Z"Z'C'@(Y"@'A?Y(&%=>:"L@%'Z"Z=@"5<&%_%)%=>"LY%kk(@C:"7></:" ()" =;,1A4- +A(,#& " UG#3:" (" &X@'(&" &X(&" &X'" $=?@&a)"

=\%>%=>"D(]">=W"['")''>"()"Y(@A'Y]"'Y%D%>(&%>A/""E=@"C=')"&X'" $=?@&"(<`>=WY'CA'"&X(&"<=D\Y%(><'" W%&X" &X%)" )])&'D(&" &X'" &%D'" =Z" &X'" '>(<&D'>&" =Z" &X'" $(Y%Z=@>%(" Y(W" Y'Z&"D?<X" &=" ['" C')%@'C, b=@" &X(&" Z?&?@'" '>Z=@<'D'>&" D(]C'<Y%>'" %Z" &X'" _%C'=QA(D'" %>C?)&@]" \'@<'%_')" &X(&" (>]&X@'(&" =Z"A=_'@>D'>&" @'A?Y(&%=>" X()" _(>%)X'C/"" E=@"C=')"

bbbbbb", 5"233-"P'C'@(Y"8@(C'"$=DD%))%=>"M'\=@&")X=W'C"&X(&",h"\'@<'>&"=Z

?>(<<=D\(>%'C"<X%YC@'>"(A')"#c"&="#,"W'@'"([Y'"&="[?]"JQ@(&'C"A(D')(>C"&X(&"+,"\'@<'>&"=Z"#cQ]'(@Q=YC)"W'@'"([Y'"&="[?]"(>"JQ@(&'C"A(D'/"J(@`'&%>A" O%=Y'>&" H>&'@&(%>D'>&" &=" $X%YC@'>*" 5" P=?@&X" P=YY=WQ.\"M'_%'W"=Z"7>C?)&@]"R@(<&%<')"%>"&X'"J=&%=>"R%<&?@':"J?)%<"M'<=@C%>A"m"

HY'<&@=>%<" K(D'" 7>C?)&@%')" 2,G2F" 1;?Y]" 233-4:"X&&\*nnWWW/Z&</A=_n=)n233-n3Un3-3U3F`%C)_%=Y'><'@\&/\CZ" 1(YY" 7>&'@>'&" D(&'@%(Y)" ()" _%)%&'C";?>'"2-:"23##:"(>C"(_(%Y([Y'"%>"$Y'@`"=Z"$=?@&a)"<()'"Z%Y'4/"

Page 32: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 32/92

#2" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

&X'"$=?@&">=&':"()";.087$H" L MHlHM "\=%>&)"=?&:")''" C.4%:"(&"##" 1C%))'>&%>A" =\%>%=>4:" &X(&" D(>]" \(@'>&)" &=C(]" (@'")%D\Y]" >=&" ([Y'" &=" D=>%&=@" &X'%@" <X%YC@'>a)" ?)'" =Z" <=DQ\?&'@)"(>C"A(D%>A"C'_%<')/"

$"P%>(YY]:"&X'"$=?@&"%)"Z(@"&=="i?%<`"&="C%)D%))"&X'"\=))%Q

[%Y%&]"&X(&"&X'"'^\'@%'><'"=Z"\Y(]%>A"_%C'="A(D')"1(>C"&X'"'ZZ'<&)"=>"D%>=@)"=Z"\Y(]%>A"_%=Y'>&"_%C'="A(D')4"D(]"['_'@]" C%ZZ'@'>&" Z@=D" (>]&X%>A" &X(&" W'" X(_'" )''>" ['Z=@'/" 5>]"())'))D'>&"=Z"&X'" '^\'@%'><'"=Z" \Y(]%>A"_%C'="A(D')

D?)&"&(`'"%>&="(<<=?>&"<'@&(%>"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<)"=Z"&X'"_%C'="A(D')" &X(&" (@'" >=W" =>" &X'" D(@ '&" (>C" &X=)'" &X(&" (@'Y%`'Y]"&="['"(_(%Y([Y'"%>"&X'">'(@"Z?&?@'/"

8=C(]a)" D=)&" (C_(><'C" _%C'=" A(D')" <@'(&'" @'(Y%)&%<"(Y&'@>(&%_'" W=@YC)" %>" WX%<X" D%YY%=>)" =Z" \Y(]'@)" %DD'@)'&X'D)'Y_')"Z=@"X=?@)"=>"'>C/""8X')'"A(D')"Z'(&?@'"_%)?(Y"%D(A'@]" (>C" )=?>C)" &X(&" (@'" )&@%`%>AY]" @'(Y%)&%<:" (>C" %>"&X'" >'(@" Z?&?@'" _%C'=QA(D'" A@(\X%<)" D(]" ['" _%@&?(YY]"%>C%)&%>A?%)X([Y'"Z@=D"(<&?(Y"_%C'="Z==&(A'/U" J(>]"=Z"&X'A(D')"(Y@'(C]"=>"&X'"D(@`'&"<(>"\@=C?<'"X%AX"C'Z%>%&%=>"%D(A'): F"(>C"%&"%)"\@'C%<&'C"&X(&"%&"W%YY">=&"['"Y=>A"['Z=@'"_%C'=QA(D'"%D(A')"W%YY"['")''>"%>"&X@''"C%D'>)%=>)/h""7&"%)"(Y)=" Z=@'<()&" &X(&" _%C'=" A(D')" W%YY" )==>" \@=_%C'" )'>)=@]"

bbbbbb"U0''"$X(]`(:"O%)?(Y"K(D')*"RX=&=@'(Y%)D"%>"$@%)%):"o%YY"0<@''>"1J(]"

23##4:"X&&\*nn`%YY)<@''>C(%Y]/<=Dn(@&%<Y')n_%)?(YQA(D')Q\X=&=@'(Y%)DQ<@%)%)/"F 8=")''"[@%'Z"_%C'="'^<'@\&)"Z@=D"A(D')"W%&X"X%AXY]"@'(Y%)&%<"A@(\XQ

%<):")''"0\%`'"8O"O%C'="K(D'"5W(@C)"23#3bK(D'"=Z" &X'"l'(@"E=D%Q>''):" K(D'8@(%Y'@)/<=D" 1I'</" #3:"23#34:" X&&\*nnWWW/A(D'&@(%Y'@)/<=Dn_%C'=nA(D'Q=ZQ)\%`'Q&_Q_A(nU3UU++p&]\'qZY_/"

h 0''"0'YY'<`:"0=>]" R0c" 6(?><X%>A"+3" cIQ$(\([Y'" O%C'=" K(D')" %>&X'"E'(@"P?&?@':"0Y()XK'(@"1E=_/"2c:"23#34:" X&&\*nnWWW/)Y()XA'(@/<=Dn")=>]Q\)cQY(?><X%>AQ+3QcCQ<(\([Y'Q_%C'=QA(D')Q%>Q&X'Q>'(@QZ?&?@'Q2c##+F,,f"

0=ZA':"NX]" cI"I=')>a&" N=@`"Z=@"8O:"L?&"7)" K@'(&"Z=@"K(D%>A:" R=\?Q"Y(@" J'<X(>%<)" 1J(@/" ##:" 23#34:" X&&\*nnWWW/\=\?Y(@D'<X(>%<)/<=Dn"&'<X>=Y=A]nC%A%&(YnA(D%>An-c-2-cU/"

Page 33: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 33/92

#c"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

Z''C[(<`/ #3 " " L]" W'(@%>A" (" )\'<%(Y" _')&" =@"=&X'@" C'_%<':" ("\Y(]'@"W%YY"['"([Y'"&="'^\'@%'><'"\X])%<(Y")'>)(&%=>)")?\Q\=)'CY]" Z'Y&" []" (" <X(@(<&'@"=>" &X'" )<@''>/##""0=D'" #;,1,-WX=" )?\\=@&" @')\=>C'>&)" Z=@')''" &X'" C(]"WX'>" d j_%@&?(YQ@'(Y%&]")X==&Qj'DQ?\)ae"W%YY"(YY=W"<X%YC@'>"&="d j(<&?(YY]"Z''Y"&X'")\Y(&&%>A"[Y==C"Z@=D"&X'"[Y=W>Q=ZZ"X'(Cae"=Z"("_%<&%D/L@%'Z"Z=@"M'\=@&'@)"$=DD/"Z=@"P@''C=D"=Z"&X'"R@'))"'&"(Y/"()" =;,1,- +A(,#& " 2h" 1i?=&%>A" S/" 0<X'<X&'@:" 0(_(A'" R()Q&%D')"#F"1233+44/"

R'@)=>)" WX=" \Y(]" _%C'=" A(D')" (Y)=" X(_'" (>" ?>\@'<'QC'>&'C"([%Y%&]"&="\(@&%<%\(&'"%>"&X'"'_'>&)"&X(&"&(`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`:" \Y(]'@)" C%<&(&'"&X'" (<&%=>" %>" >'W'@" A(D')" []"'>A(A%>A" %>" &X'" )(D'"D=Q

bbbbbb"#3 8/"$X(&Z%'YC:"P?>"7></*"NX]"K(D')"(@'"&X'"8W'>&]QZ%@)&"$'>&?@]a)"

J=)&"0'@%=?)"L?)%>'))"2##"123#34"1\@'C%<&%>A"&X(&"dTWV'"<(>"'^\'<&"/"/"/"\X])%<(Y"Z''C[(< " (>C"D=&%=>" C'&'<&%=>" ()" )&(>C(@C"%>" '_'@]" A(D%>A"C'_%<'" %>" &X'" >'(@" Z?&?@'e4f" ;/" LY()<=_%<X" m" ;/" L(%Y'>)=>:" 7>Z%>%&'"M'(Y%&]*" 5_(&(@):" H&'@>(Y" 6%Z':" E'W" N=@YC):" (>C" &X'" I(W>" =Z" &X'" O%@&?(Y" M'_=Y?&%=>" 2" 123##4" 1d8'<X>=Y=A%<(Y" C'_'Y=\D'>&)" \=W'@%>A_%@&?(Y"W=@YC)"(@'" (<<'Y'@(&%>A:" '>)?@%>A"&X(&"_%@&?(Y" '^\'@%'><')"W%YY"['<=D'"D=@'" ,;;&(4,!& " []"\@=_%C%>A" )'>)=@]"%>Z=@D(&%=>" &X(&"D(`')\'=\Y'"Z''Y"&X']"(@'"j%>)%C'a"_%@&?(Y"W=@YC)e"1'D\X()%)"%>"&X'"=@%A%>(Y44/"

## 0''"8=\=Y)`]:"8X'"J%>CW%@'"O+"8?@>)"K(D%>A"%>&="R?@'"HY'<&@=Q)X=<`" 8=@&?@':" H>A(CA'&" 1J(@/" h:" 233F4:"X&&\*nnWWW/'>A(CA'&/<=Dn233Fn3cn3hn&X'QD%>CW%@'Q_+Q&?@>)QA(D%>AQ%>&=Q\?@'Q'Y'<&@=)X=<`Q&=@&?@'f"

K@''>'D'%'@:"O%C'="K(D'"O')&"0%D?Y(&')"0'>)(&%=>"=Z"L'%>A"$(\\'C:0<%'>&%Z%<"5D'@%<(>"19<&/"2+:"233U4:"X&&\*nnWWW/)<%'>&%Z%<(D'@%<(>/<=Dn"(@&%<Y'/<ZDp%Cq_%C'=QA(D'Q_')&Q)%D?Y(&')/"

Page 34: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 34/92

#-" LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

&%=>)" &X(&" &X']" C')%@'" (" <X(@(<&'@" %>" &X'" A(D'" &=" \'@QZ=@D/#2" " P=@" '^(D\Y':" (" \Y(]'@" WX=" W(>&)" (" _%C'=QA(D'<X(@(<&'@"&=")W%>A"(" [()'[(YY"[(&b'%&X'@"&="X%&" (" [(YY"=@")D()X"(" )`?YYb<=?YC"[@%>A"&X(&" ([=?&"[]" )%D?Y(&%>A" &X'"D=&%=>"=Z"(<&?(YY]")W%>A%>A"("[(&/

8X')'"\@')'>&QC(]"(>C"'D'@A%>A"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<)"=Z"_%C'="A(D')"D?)&"['"<=>)%C'@'C"&=A'&X'@"W%&X"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<)"=Z &X'"_%=Y'>&"A(D')"&X(&"X(_'"(Y@'(C]"[''>"D(@`'&'C/"

7>" )=D'" =Z" &X')'" A(D'):" &X'" _%=Y'><'" %)" ()&=?>C%>A/#c"

O%<&%D)" []" &X'" C=k'>)" (@'" `%YY'C" W%&X" '_'@]" %D(A%>([Y'"%D\Y'D'>&:" %><Y?C%>A" D(<X%>'" A?>):" )X=&A?>):" <Y?[):"X(DD'@):" ( '):" )W=@C):" (>C" <X(%>)(W)/" " O%<&%D)" (@'"C%)D'D['@'C:"C'<(\%&(&'C:"C%)'D[=W'Y'C:")'&"=>"Z%@':"(>C"<X=\\'C"%>&="Y%&&Y'"\%'<')/" 8X']"<@]"=?&"%>"(A=>]"(>C"['A"Z=@" D'@<]/" LY==C" A?)X'):" )\Y(&&'@):" (>C" \==Y)/" 0'_'@'C"[=C]" \(@&)" (>C" A=[)" =Z" X?D(>" @'D(%>)" (@'" A@(\X%<(YY]")X=W>/" 7>" )=D'" A(D'):" \=%>&)" (@'" (W(@C'C" [()'C:" >=&"=>Y]" =>" &X'" >?D['@" =Z" _%<&%D)" `%YY'C:" [?&" =>" &X'" `%YY%>A&'<X>%i?'"'D\Y=]'C/

7&"(Y)="(\\'(@)"&X(&"&X'@'"%)">="(>&%)=<%(Y"&X'D'"&=="[()'"Z=@")=D'"%>"&X'"_%C'=QA(D'"%>C?)&@]"&="'^\Y=%&/""8X'@'"(@'"A(D')" %>" WX%<X" (" \Y(]'@" <(>" &( '" =>" &X'" %C'>&%&]" (>C"

@''>(<&"&X'"`%YY%>A)"<(@@%'C"=?&"[]"&X'"\'@\'&@(&=@)"=Z"&X'D?@C'@)" (&" $=Y?D[%>'" S%AX" 0<X==Y" (>C" O%@A%>%(" 8'<X/#-"

bbbbbb"#2 0''" 0<X%')'Y:" 5" M'(Y" 8X@'(&" E=W" P(<')" &X'" E%>&'>C=" N%%:" E/"l/"

8%D'):"I'</"c:"23#3:"\/"PU"1C')<@%[%>A"X=W"Y'(C%>A"C'_'Y=\'@)"=Z"_%C'=QA(D'" <=>)=Y')" (@'" <=D\'&%>A" &=" C'Y%_'@" A')&?@'Q<=>&@=YY'C" A(D%>AC'_%<')4/"

#c P=@" (" )(D\Y'" =Z" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D'):" )''" N%Y)=>:" 8X'" #3" J=)&" O%=Y'>&" O%C'=" K(D')" =Z" 5YY" 8%D':" R$J(A/<=D" 1P'[/" #3:" 23##4:X&&\*nnWWW/\<D(A/<=Dn(@&%<Y'2n3:2F#U:2cUhh+h:33/()\/" " 8=" )''" [@%'Z"_%C'=" '^<'@\&)" Z@=D" _%=Y'>&"A(D'):")''" $X=D%`:"8=\"#3*" J=)&" O%=Y'>&" O%C'="K(D'):" 5)`J'>/<=D :"X&&\*nnWWW/()`D'>/<=Dn&=\!#3n_%C'=A(D'n&=\Q#3QD=)&Q_%=Y'>&Q_%C'=QA(D')/X&DYf" 0(]'C:" #+" J=)&" O%=Y'>&" O%C'="

K(D')" 8X(&" J(C'" l=?" R? ':" K(D%>A[=Y&" 1J(]" 2:" 23#34:" X&&\*nn"A(D%>A[=Y&/<=Dn#+QD=)&Q_%=Y'>&Q_%C'=QA(D')Q&X(&QD(C'Q]=?Q\?`'/"#- N'[Y']:"d0<X==Y" 0X==&'@e" O%C'="K(D'" &="M''>(<&" $=Y?D[%>':"O%@Q

Page 35: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 35/92

#+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

8X'" =[B'<&%_'" =Z" =>'" A(D'" %)" &=" @(\'" (" D=&X'@" (>C" X'@"C(?AX&'@)f#+"%>"(>=&X'@:"&X'"A=(Y"%)"&="@(\'"E(&%_'"5D'@%Q<(>"W=D'>/ #, ""8X'@'"%)"("A(D'"%>"WX%<X"\Y(]'@)"'>A(A'"%>d'&X>%<" <Y'(>)%>Ae" (>C" <(>" <X==)'" &=" A?>" C=W>" 5Z@%<(>Q 5D'@%<(>):" 6(&%>=):" =@" ;'W)/#U " 7>" )&%YY" (>=&X'@" A(D':\Y(]'@)"(&&'D\&"&="Z%@'" ("@%ZY'" )X=&"%>&="&X'"X'(C"=Z"R@')%QC'>&"o'>>'C]"()"X%)"D=&=@<(C'"\())')"[]"&X'"8'^()"0<X==Y"L==`"I'\=)%&=@]/ #F"

7Z" &X'" &'<X>=Y=A%<(Y" <X(@(<&'@%)&%<)" =Z" &X'" )=\X%)&%<(&'CA(D')"&X(&"(@'"Y%`'Y]"&="['"(_(%Y([Y'"%>"&X'">'(@"Z?&?@'"(@'<=D[%>'C" W%&X" &X'" <X(@(<&'@%)&%<)" =Z" &X'" D=)&" _%=Y'>&"A(D')" (Y@'(C]" D(@ '&'C:" &X'" @')?Y&" W%YY" ['" A(D')" &X(&(YY=W" &@=?[Y'C" &''>)" &=" '^\'@%'><'" %>" (>" '^&@(=@C%>(@%Y]"\'@)=>(Y"(>C"_%_%C"W(]"WX(&"%&"W=?YC"['"Y%`'"&="<(@@]"=?&"?>)\'(`([Y'"(<&)"=Z"_%=Y'><'/

8X'"$=?@&"%)"?>&@=?[Y'C"[]"&X%)"\=))%[%Y%&]/""5<<=@C%>A"&=&X'"$=?@&:"&X'"d%>&'@(<&%_'e">(&?@'"=Z"_%C'="A(D')"%)"d>=&XQ%>A" >'We" ['<(?)'" d(YY" Y%&'@(&?@'" %)" %>&'@(<&%_'/e" =$%&:" (&"#3G##/" I%)(A@''%>A" W%&X" &X%)" ())'))D'>&:" &X'" 7>&'@>(Q&%=>(Y"K(D'"I'_'Y=\'@)"5))=<%(&%=>"17KI54b("A@=?\"&X(&\@')?D([Y]" ?>C'@)&(>C)" &X'" >(&?@'" =Z" _%C'=" A(D')" (>C"&X(&")?\\=@&)"@')\=>C'>&)b&'YY)"?)"&X(&"_%C'="A(D')"(@'"

bbbbbb"A%>%(" 8'<X" o%YY%>A):" 8%D'" 15\@/" 23:" 23##4:"X&&\*nn>'W)Z''C/&%D'/<=Dn23##n3-n23n)<X==YQ)X==&'@Q_%C'=QA(D'Q@''>(<&)Q<=Y?D[%>'Q_%@A%>%(Q&'<XQ`%YY%>A)/ " 5Z&'@" (" N'[" )%&'" &X(&" D(C'" 0<X==Y" 0X==&'@" (_(%Y([Y'" Z=@"C=W>Y=(C" @'D=_'C" %&"%>" @')\=>)'" &="D=?>&%>A"<@%&%<%)D:"&X'" C'_'Y=\'@")&(&'C"&X(&"%&"D(]"D(`'"&X'"A(D'"(_(%Y([Y'"=>"%&)"=W>"N'[")%&'/""7>)%C'"&X'"0%<`"0%&'"=Z"("0<X==Y"0X==&'@"J=C"1J(@/"2,:"23##4:"X&&\*nn))>(&/<=D/"

#+ 6(X:" dM(\'6(]e" O%C'=" K(D'" K=')" O%@(Y" 5D%C" 9?&@(A':" $EE"1J(@/" c3:" 23#34:" X&&\*nn(@&%<Y')/<>>/<=Dn23#3Q3cQc3nW=@YCnB(\(>/_%C'=/"A(D'/@(\'!#!A(D'Q&''>(A'QA%@YQB(\(>')'QA=_'@>D'>&p!)qRJ*N9M6I/"

#, K@(X(D:"$?)&'@"J(]"['"0X=&"I=W>"5A(%>"%>"(" L(&&Y'"=Z"&X'"0'^')"9_'@"rQM(&'C"O%C'="K(D'):"R'=\Y':"E=_/"#+:"#hF2:"\\/"##3:"##+/"

#U 0<X''@'):" K(D')" HY'_(&'" S(&'" &=" E' &" 6'_'Y:" N%@'C" 1P'[/" 23:"

23324:"X&&\*nnWWW/W%@'C/<=Dn<?Y&?@'nY%Z')&]Y'n>'W)n2332n32n+3+2c/"#F 8X=D\)=>:" 5" O%'W" &="(" o%YY*";Po" M'Y=(C'C" %)" ;?)&"RY(%>" $@''\]:0Y(&'"1E=_/"22:"233-4:" X&&\*nnWWW/)Y(&'/<=Dn%Cn2##33c-/"

Page 36: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 36/92

#," LM9NE" !""HE8HM857EJHE8"JHM$S5E80"500E/"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

dZ(@"D=@'"<=><@'&'Y]"%>&'@(<&%_'/e""L@%'Z"Z=@"7KI5"'&"(Y/"()" =;,1,- +A(,#& " c/" 5>C" =>" &X%)" \=%>&:"&X'" A(D'"C'_'Y=\'@)"(@'")?@'Y]"<=@@'<&/

7&" %)" <'@&(%>Y]" &@?':" ()" &X'" $=?@&" >=&'):" &X(&" djTYV%&Q'@(&?@':" WX'>" %&" %)" )?<<'))Z?Y" C@(W)" &X'" @'(C'@" %>&=" &X'")&=@]:" D( ')" X%D" %C'>&%Z]" W%&X" &X'" <X(@(<&'@):" %>_%&')"X%D" &="B?CA'" &X'D" (>C" i?(@@'Y" W%&X" &X'D:" &=" '^\'@%'><'"&X'%@"B=])"(>C")?ZZ'@%>A)"()"&X'"@'(C'@a)"=W>/a e"" =$%&:"(&"##"1i?=&%>A" =;&(,1#$-=;A4&;&$%-P#15,$&-=44$" "_/" R&$*(,12 :"2--"P/"cC"+U2:"+UU"1$5U"233#44/""L?&"=>Y]"(>"'^&@(=@C%>(@Q%Y]"%D(A%>(&%_'"@'(C'@"WX="@'(C)"("C')<@%\&%=>"=Z"("`%YY%>A"%>"("Y%&'@(@]"W=@`"W%YY"'^\'@%'><'"&X(&"'_'>&"()"_%_%CY]"()"X'"D%AX&"%Z"X'"\Y(]'C"&X'"@=Y'"=Z"&X'"`%YY'@"%>"("_%C'="A(D'/"8=" &( '" (>" '^(D\Y':" &X%>`" =Z" (" \'@)=>" WX=" @'(C)" &X'\())(A'" %>" $@%D'" (>C" R?>%)XD'>&" %>" WX%<X" M()`=Y>%Q"`=_" `%YY)" &X'" =YC" \(W>" [@=`'@" W%&X" (>" (^'/" 0''" P/"I=)&=]'_)`]:"$@%D'"(>C"R?>%)XD'>&"UF"1J=C'@>"6%[@(@]"'C/"#h+34/" $=D\(@'"&X(&"@'(C'@"W%&X"("_%C'=QA(D'"\Y(]'@"WX="<@'(&')"(>"(_(&(@"&X(&"['(@)"X%)"=W>"%D(A'f"WX=")'')"("@'(Y%)&%<"%D(A'"=Z"&X'"_%<&%D"(>C"&X'")<'>'"=Z"&X'"`%YY%>A"%>"X%AX"C'Z%>%&%=>"(>C"%>"&X@''"C%D'>)%=>)f"WX="%)"Z=@<'C"&="C'<%C'"WX'&X'@"=@">=&"&="`%YY"&X'"_%<&%D"(>C"C'<%C')"&="C="

)=f"WX="&X'>"\@'&'>C)"&="A@()\"(>"(^':"&="@(%)'"%&"([=_'"&X'"X'(C"=Z"&X'"_%<&%D:"(>C"&X'>"&="[@%>A"%&"C=W>f"WX="X'(@)&X'"&X?C"=Z"&X'"(^'"X%&&%>A"X'@"X'(C"(>C"X'@"<@]"=Z"\(%>fWX=")'')"X'@")\Y%&")`?YY"(>C"Z''Y)"&X'")'>)(&%=>"=Z"[Y==C"=>X%)"Z(<'"(>C"X(>C)/""P=@"D=)&"\'=\Y':"&X'"&W="'^\'@%'><')"W%YY">=&"['"&X'")(D'/#h"

NX'>"(YY"=Z"&X'"<X(@(<&'@%)&%<)"=Z"_%C'="A(D')"(@'"&(`'>"%>&=" (<<=?>&:" &X'@'" %)" <'@&(%>Y]" (" @'()=>([Y'" [()%)" Z=@" bbbbbb"

#h 5)"&X'"$=?@&">=&'):"&X'@'"(@'"("Z'W"<X%YC@'>a)"[==`)"&X(&"()`"]=?>A@'(C'@)"&=")&'\"%>&="&X'")X=')"=Z"("<X(@(<&'@"(>C"&="D(`'"<X=%<')"&X(&&(`'" &X'")&=@%')"(Y=>A"=>'" =Z"(" _'@]" Y%D%&'C">?D['@"=Z" \=))%[Y'"Y%>')/"

0''" #$%&:" (&"#3/" " L?&" &X'" _'@]" >(&?@'" =Z"&X'" \@%>&"D'C%?D"D(`')" %&%D\=))%[Y'"Z=@"("[==`"&="=ZZ'@"(>]&X%>A"Y%`'"&X'")(D'">?D['@"=Z"<X=%<')"()"&X=)'"\@=_%C'C"[]"("_%C'="A(D'/"

Page 37: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 37/92

" "

#U"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 6789 :";/:"<=><?@@%>A"%>"B?CAD'>&"

&X%>`%>A"&X(&"&X'"'^\'@%'><'"=Z"\Y(]%>A"("_%C'="A(D'"D(]"['" i?%&'"C%ZZ'@'>&"Z@=D" &X'" '^\'@%'><'"=Z" @'(C%>A" (" [== :"Y%)&'>%>A"&="("@(C%="[@=(C<()&:"=@"_%'W%>A"("D=_%'/""5>C"%Z"&X%)" %)" )=:" &X'>" Z=@" (&" Y'()&" )=D'" D%>=@):" &X'" 'ZZ'<&)" =Z"\Y(]%>A" _%=Y'>&" _%C'=" A(D')" D(]" (Y)=" ['" i?%&'" C%ZZ'@'>&/"8X'"$=?@&"(<&)"\@'D(&?@'Y]"%>"C%)D%))%>A"&X%)"\=))%[%Y%&]"=?&"=Z"X(>C/"

s" s" s"P=@"(YY"&X')'"@'()=>):"7"W=?YC"X=YC"=>Y]"&X(&"&X'"\(@&%<?Q

Y(@"Y(W"(&"%))?'"X'@'"Z(%Y)"&="\@=_%C'"&X'"<Y'(@">=&%<'"&X(&

&X'"$=>)&%&?&%=>"@'i?%@')/" 7"W=?YC">=&")i?'Y<X"Y'A%)Y(&%_''ZZ=@&)" &=" C'(Y" W%&X" WX(&" %)" \'@<'%_'C" []" )=D'" &=" ['" (")%A>%Z%<(>&" (>C" C'_'Y=\%>A" )=<%(Y" \@=[Y'D/" " 7Z" C%ZZ'@'>&Y]Z@(D'C")&(&?&')"(@'"'>(<&'C"[]"&X'"0&(&')"=@"[]"&X'"P'CQ'@(Y"K=_'@>D'>&:"W'"<(>"<=>)%C'@"&X'"<=>)&%&?&%=>(Y%&]"=Z &X=)'" Y(W)" WX'>" <()')" <X(YY'>A%>A" &X'D" (@'" \@')'>&'C"&="?)/"

Page 38: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 38/92

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

!"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!'

?@/"3AB#--A"

CD8.?D"E/"FG7H?:"; G/:"E7ICG?7G"7J"$9KL" MJ7G?M9:" C5"9K /:"NC5M5M7?CG0" !""C?5CG59M?L"

8C?5"8CG$69?50"9007$M95M7?" C5"9K /"

7?"HGM5"7J"$CG5M7G9GM"57"56C".?M5CD"0595C0"$7.G5"7J" 9NNC9K0"J7G"56C"?M?56"$MG$.M5

O;P='"2Q:"23##R

"; .05M$C" 5 67890 :"<%))'=&%=>/"5S'" $@PT&U)" <'V%)%@=" &@<(W" <@')" =@&" V@XY@T&" Z%&S" &S'

@T%>%=([" YP\[%V" P=<'T)&(=<%=>" @]" &S'" J%T)&" 9X'=<X'=&/"5S'"X(^@T%&W")&T%_')"<@Z=:"()"](V%([[W"P=V@=)&%&P&%@=([:"(")&(&'"[(Z"&S(&"YT@S%\%&)"&S'"<%T'V&")(['"@T"T'=&(["@]"V'T&(%=`%<'@" >(X')" &@" X%=@T)" \'V(P)'" &S'" [(Z" a(\T%<>O')R" &S']T''<@X" @]" )Y''VS/b" ./"0/"$@=)&/:" 9X<&/" #/"" FP&"M"<@" =@&"&S%=_"&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&")&T'&VS')"&S(&"](T/""5S'"YT(VL&%V')"(=<"\'[%'])"@]"&S'"]@P=<%=>">'='T(&%@="')&(\[%)S"&S(&"a&S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VS:b"()"@T%>%=([[W"P=<'T)&@@<:"<@')"=@&"%=V[P<'"("T%>S&"&@")Y'(_"&@"X%=@T)"1@T"("T%>S&"@]"X%=@T)"&@(VV'))")Y''VS4"Z%&S@P&">@%=>"&ST@P>S"&S'"X%=@T)U"Y(T'=&)"@T" >P(T<%(=)/" " M" Z@P[<" S@[<" &S(&" &S'" [(Z" (&" %))P'" %)" =@&"](V%([[W"P=V@=)&%&P&%@=(["P=<'T"&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&:"(=<"T'`'T)'"(=<"T'X(=<"]@T"]PT&S'T"YT@V''<%=>)/ #"

cccccc"#"; .05M$C" 9 KM57" V@=V[P<')" &S(&" &S'" [(Z" %)" &@@" `(>P'" &@" )(&%)]W" <P'

YT@V')):" \P&" ='%&S'T" &S'" D%)&T%V&"$@PT&" =@T" &S'" $@PT&" @]"9YY'([)" (<L<T'))'<"&S(&"dP')&%@=/"" #$%&:"(&"2Be"1@Y%=%@="V@=VPTT%=>"%="^P<>X'=&4/ 9)" Z'"S(`'" @]&'=")(%<:"&S%)"$@PT&" %)"a@='" @]"]%=([" T'`%'Z:"f=@&"@]" ]%T)&"

`%'Z/U"b"'(( "`/" ')*+,&-&!./.)$+0%1%.)$/2+3$4" :"++,"./"0/"!!!:"!!!"1233e4"1)[%Y" @Y/:" (&" 2+4"1dP@&%=>"(5%%&6"`/" 7.-8.$/)$ :"+--" ./"0/" Q3e:"Q#A:"=/"Q"1233+44/"

Page 39: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 39/92

2" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

M"HS'="%=&'TYT'&%=>" (" V@=)&%&P&%@=(["YT@`%)%@=:" a&S'">@([

%)"&@"<%)V'T="&S'"X@)&"[%_'[W"YP\[%V"P=<'T)&(=<%=>"@]"O&S(&R"YT@`%)%@="(&"&S'"&%X'"%&"Z()"(<@Y&'</b"94:)$1-; "`/" (<.=41>) :"+,#"./"0/"!!!:"!!!"123#34"1)[%Y"@Y/:"(&"2+4"1567890 :";/:"V@=VPTT%=>"%="Y(T&"(=<"V@=VPTT%=>"%="^P<>X'=&4/""F'V(P)'"&S'" $@=)&%&P&%@=" %)" (" ZT%&&'=" %=)&TPX'=&:" a%&)" X'(=%=><@')"=@&"([&'T/b"943$%?6&"`/" @<.)+A-&4%.)$/+ ()BBC$ :"+#-"./"0/"gg-:"g+e"1#ee+4"15 67890 :";/:"V@=VPTT%=>"%="^P<>X'=&4"1%=&'T=(["dP@&(&%@="X(T_)"@X%&&'<4/""a5S(&"ZS%VS"%&"X'(=&"ZS'=" (<@Y&'<:" %&" X'(=)" =@Z/b" 3D.;" " 1%=&'T=([" dP@&(&%@=X(T_)"@X%&&'<4/"

9)"@T%>%=([[W"P=<'T)&@@<:"&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&U)"YT@&'VL&%@=" (>(%=)&" [(Z)" a(\T%<>%=>" &S'" ]T''<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" <%<"=@&"'h&'=<"&@"1--+)Y''VS/""a5S'T'"(T'"V'T&(%="Z'[[L<']%='<"(=<"=(TT@Z[W"[%X%&'<"V[())')"@]")Y''VS:"&S'"YT'`'=&%@="(=<"YP=%)SX'=&"@]"ZS%VS"S(`'"='`'T"\''="&S@P>S&"&@"T(%)'"(=W"$@=)&%&P&%@=(["YT@\['X/b"(<1E-.$/8? "`/" F&G+ H1BE/<.6& :"g#+" ./"0/" +,A:" +Q#B+Q2" 1#e-24i" )''" ([)@" I$.%&;+ 0%1%&/" `/"0%&!&$/:"++e"./"0/"!!!:"!!!"123#34"1)[%Y"@Y/:"(&"+B,4/""K(Z)"T'>P[(&%=>" )PVS" )Y''VS" <@" =@&" a(\T%<>O'R" &S'" ]T''<@X" @] )Y''VSb" \'V(P)'")PVS")Y''VS" %)"P=<'T)&@@<"&@"]([["@P&)%<'"

a&S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VS/b""0''" #/<46)J% "`/" '6&&+0E&&4<+()1=-.%.)$ :"+g+"./"0/"2g-:"2-+B2-,"123324/

M="XW"`%'Z:"&S'"aYT(V&%V')"(=<"\'[%'])"S'[<"\W"&S'"J@P=L<'T)b"T'`'(["(=@&S'T"V(&'>@TW"@]"'hV[P<'<")Y''VS*")Y''VS"&@"X%=@T"VS%[<T'="\WY())%=>"&S'%T"Y(T'=&)/"943$%?6&:+/5E612+(&" g,3/" 5S'" S%)&@T%V([" '`%<'=V'" )S@Z)" &S(&" &S'" ]@P=<%=>">'='T(&%@=" \'[%'`'<" Y(T'=&)" S(<" (\)@[P&'" (P&S@T%&W" @`'T"&S'%T" X%=@T" VS%[<T'=" (=<" 'hY'V&'<" Y(T'=&)" &@" P)'" &S(&(P&S@T%&W" &@" <%T'V&" &S'" YT@Y'T" <'`'[@YX'=&" @]" &S'%T" VS%[L<T'=/" M&" Z@P[<" \'" (\)PT<" &@" )P>>')&" &S(&" )PVS" (" )@V%'&W"P=<'T)&@@<" a&S'" ]T''<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" &@" %=V[P<'" (" T%>S&" &@)Y'(_" &@" X%=@T)" 1@T" (" V@TT')Y@=<%=>" T%>S&" @]" X%=@T)" &@(VV'))")Y''VS4"Z%&S@P&">@%=>"&ST@P>S"&S'"X%=@T)U"Y(T'=&)/$]/"FT%']"]@T"$@XX@="0'=)'"8'<%("()" #B.45/+(56.1& "#2B"

Page 40: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 40/92

g"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

#+/" 5S'" ]@P=<%=>" >'='T(&%@=" Z@P[<" =@&" S( '" V@=)%<'T'<"%&" (=" (\T%<>X'=&" @]" a&S'" ]T''<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" &@" )PYY@T&Y(T'=&([" (P&S@T%&W" \W" T')&T%V&%=>" )Y''VS" &S(&" \WY())')"X%=@T)U"Y(T'=&)/"

9" 9&&%&P<')" &@Z(T<"VS%[<T'="Z'T'" %="(" )&(&'"@]"&T(=)%&%@="

(T@P=<"&S'"&%X'"&S(&"&S'"0&(&')"T(&%]%'<"&S'"F%[["@]"G%>S&)/ 9" V@XY['&'" P=<'T)&(=<%=>" @]" &S'" ]@P=<%=>" >'='T(&%@=U)"`%'Z)"@="VS%[<T'="(=<"&S'"Y(T'=&LVS%[<"T'[(&%@=)S%Y"XP)&&S'T']@T'"\'>%="T@P>S[W"("V'=&PTW"'(T[%'T:"%="V@[@=%(["?'Z"

C=>[(=</M=" &S'" NPT%&(=" &T(<%&%@=" V@XX@=" %=" &S'" ?'Z" C=>[(=<

$@[@=%'):" ](&S'T)" TP['<" ](X%[%')" Z%&S" (\)@[P&'" (P&S@T%&W/"a5S'" Y(&T%(TVS([" ](X%[W" Z()" &S'" \()%V" \P%[<%=>" \[@V_" @]"NPT%&(=")@V%'&W/b" 0/"8%=&j:"6PV_U)"G(]&"#g"1233-4"1S'T'%=L(]&'T"8%=&j4i" )''" ([)@" G/"8(VD@=([<:"K%&'T(&PT'" ]@T"$S%[L<T'=" %=" C=>[(=<" (=<" 9X'T%V(" ]T@X" #,-," &@" #QQ-:" Y/"Q1#eA24" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" 8(VD@=([<4/" 5S'" NPT%&(=)" T' 'V&'<X(=W" VP)&@X):" )PVS" ()" >@<Y(T'=&S@@<:" &S(&" &S'W" V@=)%<L'T'<" %=V@=)%)&'=&" Z%&S" &S'" Y(&T%(TVS([" )&TPV&PT'/" " 8%=&j"#g/"

N(T&" @]" &S'" ](&S'TU)" (\)@[P&'" Y@Z'T" Z()" &S'" T%>S&" (=<<P&W" a&@" ]%[["S%)" VS%[<T'=U)" X%=<)"Z%&S"_=@Z['<>'" (=<" /"/"/"X(_'" &S'X" (YY[W" &S'%T" _=@Z['<>'" %=" T%>S&" (V&%@=/b" " C/"8@T>(=:" 5S'" NPT%&(=" J(X%[W" eQ" 1T'`/" '</" #e,,4" 1S'T'%=L(]&'T"8@T>(=4/" NPT%&(=)"&S@P>S&"VS%[<T'=" Z'T'" a%==(&'[W)%=]P[" (=<" &S(&" Y(T'=&)U" YT%X(TW" &()_" Z()" &@" )PYYT'))"&S'%T"VS%[<T'=U)"=(&PT(["<'YT(`%&W/b" 0/"8%=&j"k"0/"l'[[@>>:D@X')&%V" G'`@[P&%@=)" 2" 1#eAA4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T"8%=&j"k" l'[L[@>>4i")''"([)@"F/"H(<)Z@T&S:"5S'"H'[[L7T<'T'<"J(X%[W"++1#Q#24"1a$S%[<T'=")S@P[<"=@&"\'"[']&"&@"&S'X)'[`')"/"/"/"&@"<@()"&S'W"Y['()'i"/"/"/"=@&"\'%=>"]%&"&@">@`'T="&S'X)'[`')b4i"$/8(&S'T:" 9" J(X%[W" H'[[L7T<'T'<" gA" 1#,ee4/" " 9VV@T<%=>[W:"

Y(T'=&)" Z'T'" =@&" &@" ['&" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=" T'(<" a`(%=" F@@_):"YT@](='" F([[(<):" (=<" ]%[&SW" 0@=>)b" @T" a]@=<"(=<"(X@T@P)"

Page 41: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 41/92

Page 42: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 42/92

+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

Z'T'"("<T%`%=>"]@TV'"\'S%=<"&S'"VS(=>'<"P=<'T)&(=<%=>"@] VS%[<T'=" (=<" VS%[<S@@</" 0''" G'%=%'T" 2B+i" 6/"FT'Z'T:" FW"F%T&S"@T" $@=)'=&" eQ" 1233+4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" FT'Z'T4i" l/" $([L`'T&:" $S%[<T'=" %=" &S'" 6@P)'" +eB,3" 1#ee24" 1S'T'%=(]&'T"$([ 'T&4/" K@V_'"&(P>S&" &S(&"VS%[<T'=U)" X%=<)"Z'T'" \[(=_")[(&')" (=<" &S(&" Y(T'=&)" &S'T']@T'" S(<" &@" \'" V(T']P[" (=<<'[%\'T(&'" (\@P&" ZS(&" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=" Z'T'" &@[<" (=<" @\L)'T '</" N(T'=&)"S(<"@=[W"&S'X)'[`')"&@" \[(X'"%]:"a\W"SPLX@PT%=>" (=<" V@V_'T%=>b" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=:" &S'W" aY@%)@=U<&S'"]@P=&(%=b"(=<"[(&'T"a&()&'O<R"&S'"\%&&'T"Z(&'T)/b""0@X'"5S@P>S&)" $@=V'T=%=>" C<PV(&%@=" 1#,e24:" %=" gQ" C=>[%)S"NS%[@)@YS'T)"@]"&S'"0'`'=&''=&S"(=<"C%>S&''=&S"$'=&PT%')"2QB2A" 1$/" C[%@&" '</" #e#34/" " 9[[" `%V'):" S'" 'hY[(%='<:" Z'T')@Z'<" \W"Y(T'=&)" (=<" a&S@)'"(\@P&"VS%[<T'=/b""3;"2"(&"2e/"0%>=%]%V(=&[W:"K@V_'"<%<"=@&")P>>')&"V%TVPX)VT%\%=>"Y(T'=L&([" (P&S@T%&W" \P&" T(&S'T" (T&%VP[(&'<" (" ='Z" \()%)" ]@T" %&/"G@P))'(P"<%)(>T''<"Z%&S"K@V_'"%="%XY@T&(=&"T')Y'V&):"\P&"S%)"YS%[@)@YSW"Z()")%X%[(T[W"YT'X%)'<"@="Y(T'=&(["V@=&T@[@`'T"("VS%[<U)"<'`'[@YX'=&/" 9[&S@P>S"G@P))'(P"(<`@V(&'<&S(&" VS%[<T'=" )S@P[<" \'" ([[@Z'<" &@" <'`'[@Y" =(&PT([[W:" S'"%=)&TPV&'<" &S(&" &S'" '=`%T@=X'=&" \'" <%T'V&'<" \W" a(" &P&@TZS@"%)">%`'="&@&(["V@=&T@["@`'T"&S'"VS%[<"(=<"ZS@"T'X@`')"

S%X"]T@X")@V%'&W:"]T@X"([["V@XY'&%=>")@PTV')"@]"(P&S@T%&W(=<"%=][P'=V'/b"";/"J[%'>'[X(=:"NT@<%>([)"(=<"N%[>T%X)"g31#eA24"1S'T'%=(]&'T"J[%'>'[X(=4i")''"([)@"G'%=%'T"#+/"

5S')'"ZT%&%=>)"T'V'%`'<"V@=)%<'T(\['"(&&'=&%@="%="9X'TL%V(/" K@V_'U)"9="C))(W"$@=V'T=%=>"6PX(=".=<'T)&(=<%=>(=<" S%)" 0@X'" 5S@P>S&)" $@=V'T=%=>" C<PV(&%@=" Z'T'" )%>L=%]%V(=&[W" X@T'" Y@YP[(T" &S(=" S%)" 5Z@" 5T'(&%)')" @]" E@`L'T=X'=&:" (VV@T<%=>" &@" (" )&P<W" @]" e2" V@[@=%([" [%\T(T%')"\'&Z''=" #Q33" (=<"#QQ,/" KP=<\'T>"k" 8(W:" 5S'"C=[%>S&L'='<"G'(<'T"%="9X'T%V(:"2A"9X'T%V(="mP(T&'T[W"2,2:"2Qg1#eQ,4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" KP=<\'T>4/" 9=<"G@P))'(PU)" CX%[':" ("&T'(&%)'" @=" '<PV(&%@=:" Z()" X@T'" Z%<'[W" (< 'T&%)'<" (=<"<%)&T%\P&'<" &S(=" S%)" Y@[%&%V([" Z@T_:" 5S'" 0@V%([" $@=&T(V&/J[%'>'[X(=" 2ei" )''" ([)@" KP=<\'T>" 2A+/" " M=" >'='T([:" &S'"

Page 43: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 43/92

," FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

X@)&" Y@YP[(T" \@@_)" %=" &S'" $@[@=%')" @=" &S'" ' '" @]" &S'" 9X'T%V(=" G' @[P&%@=" Z'T'" =@&" Y@[%&%V([" <%)V@PT)')" \P&"@=')" V@=V'T='<" Z%&S" VS%[<"T'(T%=>/" " 0''"8%=&j" k" l'[[@>>-+/"

2"K@V_'U)"(=<"G@P))'(PU)"ZT%&%=>)"]@)&'T'<"("='Z"V@=V'YL

&%@=" @]" VS%[<S@@</" $S%[<T'=" Z'T'" %=VT'()%=>[W" `%'Z'<" ()X([['(\['"VT'(&PT'):"(=<"VS%[<S@@<"V(X'"&@"\'")''="()"(="%XY@T&(=&"Y'T%@<"@]">T@Z&S:"<'`'[@YX'=&:"(=<"YT'Y(T(&%@="]@T"(<P[&S@@</" 0''"8%=&j"k"l'[[@>>"#Q:"2#:"-Qi"8/"ET@))L

\'T>:" E@`'T=%=>" &S'" 6'(T&S" A" 1#eA+4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" ET@))L\'T>4/" ?@(S"H'\)&'T:"V([['<"&S'"](&S'T"@]"9X'T%V(="'<PV(L&%@=:" ZT@&'" &S(&" aO&RS'" %XYT'))%@=)" T'V'%`'<" %=" '(T[W" [%]'P)P([[W"]@TX"&S'"VS(T(V&'T)"@]"%=<%`%<P([)/b"" 7="&S'"C<PLV(&%@=" @]" n@P&S"%="9X'T%V(" 1#Qe34" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" H'\)&'T4:%="C))(W)"@="C<PV(&%@="%="&S'"C(T[W"G'YP\[%V"-g"1J/"GPL<@[YS" '</" #e,+4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" GP<@[YS4i" V]/" 0[(&'T:" ?@(SH'\)&'T*" J@P=<%=>" J(&S'T" @]" 9X'T%V(=" 0VS@[(T)S%Y" (=<C<PV(&%@=:" %="?@(S" H'\)&'TU)"J%T)&"C<%&%@=" @]"(="9X'T%LV(="D%V&%@=(TW"@]"&S'"C=>[%)S"K(=>P(>'"1#e,Q4/""C[%j(\'&S"0X%&S:")%)&'TL%=L[(Z"&@";@S="9<(X):")%X%[(T[W"ZT@&'*"a5S'"M=](=&" 8%=<:" M" \'['%`'O:R"%)" (" \[(=_:" &S(&" '())%[W" T'V'%`')"(=W" %XYT'))%@=/b" 8/" ?@T&@=:" K%\'T&WU)" D(P>S&'T)" #3#"1#ee,4" 1%=&'T=([" dP@&(&%@=" X(T_)" @X%&&'<4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T?@T&@=4i" )''" ([)@" 0/" D@>>'&&:" 9" D%)V@PT)'" @=" C<PV(&%@="1#Qe,4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" D@>>'&&4:" %=" GP<@[YS" #+#" 1aOMR=" '(T[W"W@P&S:"/"/"/"'`'TW"Y@Z'T"(=<"V(Y(V%&W"%)"Y[%(\['"(=<")P)V'YL&%\['" @]" (=W" <%T'V&%@=" @T" %XYT'))%@=b4i" ;/" 9\\@&&:" 5S'"8@&S'T" (&" 6@X'" 2" 1#Ag-4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" 9\\@&&4" 1aHS(&"%XYT'))%@=)" V(=" \'" X@T'" )&T@=>:" (=<" X@T'" [()&%=>:" &S(=&S@)'" T'V'% '<" PY@=" &S'" X%=<" %=" &S'" ]T')S='))" (=<" &S'")P)V'Y&%\%[%&W"@]"W@P&Sb4/

$S%[<T'=" [(V_'<" T'()@=" (=<" <'V%)%@=X(_%=>" (\%[%&W/

5S'W" aS( '" =@&" ;P<>X'=&" @T" H%[[" @]" &S'%T" @Z=:b" ;@S=" 9<(X)"=@&'</" K'&&'T"&@";(X')"0P[[%`(="18(W"2,:"#QQ,4:"%="

Page 44: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 44/92

Page 45: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 45/92

A" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

GP<@[YS"+-/" 6'"(<`@V(&'<")S'[&'T%=>"VS%[<T'="]T@X"a'`'TW[@ZL\T'<:"<TP=_'=:"%XX@T(["VS(T(V&'Tb"(=<"_''Y%=>"&S'%T"X%=<)" aP=&(%=&'<" &%[[" &S'%T" T'()@=%=>" ](VP[&%')" S(`'" (VLdP%T'<" )&T'=>&S" (=<" &S'" >@@<" YT%=V%Y[')" ZS%VS" X(W" \'Y[(=&'<"%="&S'%T"X%=<)"S(`'"&(_'="<''Y"T@@&/b""3;"2"(&",gi")''" ([)@" GP)S:" %=" .;"2 " (&" #," 1aO5RS'" X@)&" P)']P[" V%&%j'=)S(`'"\''="]@TX'<"]T@X"&S@)'"W@P&S"ZS@"S(`'"='`'T"_=@Z="@T"]'[&"&S'%T"@Z="Z%[[)"&%[["&S'W"Z'T'"@='"(=<"&Z'=&W"W'(T)@]"(>'b4i"FPT>S"Q"1aO5RS'")@P[)"@]"n@P&S"(T'"X@T'"%XX'<%L(&'[W" V@XX%&&'<" &@" &S'" V(T'" @]" N(T'=&)" (=<" M=)&TPV&@T)&S(="'`'="&S@)'"@]"("N'@Y['"(T'"&@"&S'%T"N()&@Tb4/"

5S'"G'`@[P&%@="@=[W"(XY[%]%'<"&S')'"V@=V'T=)/" 5S'"G'LYP\[%V" Z@P[<" T'dP%T'" `%T&P@P)" V%&%j'=):" ZS%VS" ='V'))%L"&(&'<" YT@Y'T" &T(%=%=>" ]T@X" VS%[<S@@</" " 0''"8%=&j"+-:"Q#i"8(VK'@<"-3i"0(h&@=:"JT'=VS"(=<"9X'T%V(="$S%[<S@@<):"%="$S%[<T'=" (=<" n@P&S" %=" (" ?'Z" ?(&%@=" ,e" 1;/" 8(T&'=" '</233e4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" 8(T&'=4i" )''" ([)@" H/" $(T<'[[:" 0&@TW" @] ;(V_" 6([W(T<:" YY/" h`Bh`%" 1g3&S" '</" #Ag-4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T"$(T<'[[4"1aO5RS'" >[@TW"(=<" ']]%V(VW"@]"@PT" %=)&%&P&%@=)"Z%[[)@@="T')&"Z%&S"&S@)'"ZS@"(T'">T@Z%=>"PY"&@")PVV'<'"P)b4/"$S%[<T'=" Z'T'" a&S'" Y%`@&" @]" &S'" X@T([" Z@T[<:b" (=<" &S'%T"YT@Y'T"<'`'[@YX'=&"Z()"a(")P\ 'V&" @]"()" S%>S"%=&'T')&:"()"

(=W"&@"ZS%VS"&S'"SPX(="X%=<"S(O<R"'`'T"\''="V([['</b"" 3;"2+(&"h`%/"

g"F()'<"@="&S')'"`%'Z)"@]"VS%[<S@@<:"&S'"]@P=<%=>">'='T(L

&%@="P=<'T)&@@<"Y(T'=&)"&@"S(`'"("T%>S&"(=<"<P&W"&@">@`'T=&S'%T" VS%[<T'=U)" >T@Z&S/" " N(T'=&)" Z'T'" 'hY'V&'<" &@" <%T'V&&S'" <'`'[@YX'=&" (=<" '<PV(&%@=" @]" &S'%T"VS%[<T'=" (=<" '=L)PT'"&S(&"\(<"S(\%&)"<%<"=@&"&(_'"T@@&/""0''"$([`'T&"+AB+ei"8(VK'@<"Q2i"8%=&j"k" l'[[@>>"2g/"" 5S'W"Z'T'"T')Y@=)%\[']@T" %=)&%[[%=>" aX@T([" YT@S%\%&%@=):" \'S(`%@T([" )&(=<(T<):"(=<" (" V(Y(V%&W" ]@T" )'[]L>@ 'T=X'=&" &S(&" Z@P[<" YT'Y(T'

(" VS%[<" ]@T" &S'" @P&)%<'" Z@T[</b" 8%=&j" k" l'[[@>>" +Ai" )''"([)@" n@P&SU)" $@XY(=%@=:"9YT/" #,:"#A2Q:" Y/" #" 1S'T'%=(]&'T"

Page 46: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 46/92

e"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

n@P&SU)" $@XY(=%@=4" 1aK'&" OVS%[<T'=U)R" X%=<)" \'" ]@TX'<:&S'%T" S'(T&)" YT'Y(T'<:" (=<" &S'%T" VS(T(V&'T)" X@P[<'<" ]@T&S'" )V'=')" (=<" &S'" <P&%')" @]" (" \T%>S&'T" <(Wb4/" " M=" )S@T&:"aOSR@X'" (=<" ](X%[W" \@T'" &S'" X(^@T" T')Y@=)%\%[%&W" ]@T" &S'"X@T(["&T(%=%=>"@]"VS%[<T'="(=<"&SP):"\W"%XY[%V(&%@=:"]@T"&S'X@T(["S'([&S" @]"&S'"=(&%@=/b" 8(VK'@<" 2ei")''" ([)@"M=&T@L<PV&%@=:"%="8(T&'=",i"G'%=%'T:"Y/"h%i"0X%&S:"9P&@=@XW"(=<" 9]]'V&%@=*" N(T'=&)" (=<" $S%[<T'=" %=" C%>S&''=&SL$'=&PTW$S')(Y'(_'" J(X%[%'):" %=" ET@Z%=>" PY" %=" 9X'T%V(" +-"1?/"6%='T"k";/"6(Z')"'<)/"#eA+4/

5S%)"V@=V'Y&%@="@]"Y(T'=&(["T%>S&)"(=<"<P&%')"Z()"'h'XLY[%]%'<"\W"5S@X()";']]'T)@=U)"(YYT@(VS"&@"T(%)%=>"VS%[<T'=/6'" ZT@&'" ['&&'T)" &@" S%)" <(P>S&'T)" V@=)&(=&[W" (=<" @]&'=>(`'")Y'V%]%V"%=)&TPV&%@=)"(\@P&"ZS(&"&S'"VS%[<T'=")S@P[<<@/" 0' ':" &">"2"K'&&'T"&@"8(T&S(";']]'T)@="1?@`/"2A:"#QAg4:%="0/"G(=<@[YS:"5S'"D@X')&%V"K%]'"@]"5S@X()";']]'T)@="--"1#ege4" 1<%V&(&%=>" S'T" <(%[W" )VS'<P['" @]" XP)%V:" <(=V%=>:<T(Z%=>:" (=<")&P<W%=>4i" K'&&'T" &@"8(T&S(" ;']]'T)@="1D'V/"22:"#QAg4:"%=".;"2 "(&"-+B-,"1aM"<@"=@&"Z%)S"W@P"&@"\'">(%[W"V[@&S'<"(&" &S%)"&%X'"@]" [%]'"/"/"/"/"" O9R\@`'" ([["&S%=>)"(=<"(&"([["&%X')"['&"W@PT"V[@&S')"\'"='(&:"ZS@[':"(=<"YT@Y'T[W"YP&"@=b4/" ;']]'T)@=" 'hY'V&'<" S%)" <(P>S&'T:" 8(T&S(:" &@" ZT%&'

a\W"'`'TW"Y@)&b"(=<"%=)&TPV&'<"S'T:"aM=]@TX"X'"ZS(&"\@@_)W@P" T'(<" O(=<R" ZS(&" &P=')" W@P" ['(T=/b" " K'&&'T" 1?@`/" 2A:"#QAg4:"%=".;"2 " (&" --/" 6'"&@@_"&S'" )(X'"(YYT@(VS"Z%&S"S%)='YS'Z:"N'&'T"$(TT:"(]&'T"$(TTU)"](&S'T"<%'</""0''"K'&&'T"19P>/"#e:"#QA+4:"%="A"5S'"N(Y'T)"@]"5S@X()";']]'T)@="-3+B -3A"1;/"F@W<"'</"#e+g4"1<'&(%[%=>"("V@PT)'"@]"T'(<%=>"(=<"'h'TV%)':"(=<"()_%=>"]@T"X@=&S[W"YT@>T'))"T'Y@T&)"<')VT%\L%=>"a%="ZS(&"X(=='T"W@P"'XY[@W"'`'TW"S@PT"%="&S'"<(Wb4i")''"([)@"g"D%V&%@=(TW"@]"I%T>%=%("F%@>T(YSW"2e"1233,4/"

;']]'T)@=U)"T%>@T@P)"X(=(>'X'=&"@]"S%)"VS(T>')"Z()"=@&"P=V@XX@=/" aO8RPVS"'`%<'=V'"%=<%V(&')"&S(&"X@&S'T)"(=<"](&S'T)" \@&S"\'[%' '<"%=">%`%=>" &S'%T"VS%[<T'=" (" )&T%V&" PYL\T%=>%=>:" '=]@TV%=>" @\'<%'=V'" &@" &S'%T" V@XX(=<)" (=<)&T'))%=>"V@=&%=P'<")P\^'V&%@="&@"&S'"Y(T'=&(["Z%[[/b""?@TL

Page 47: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 47/92

Page 48: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 48/92

##"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

W@P=>">%T[)/" 0''";/"8@T)':"5S'"9X'T%V(="E'@>T(YSW"#e#"1#QAe4i")''"([)@"9<(X):"%="8(T&'="#,-/"

9=" '=&%T'" >'=T'" @]" \@@_):" a[@@)'[W" &'TX'<" f(<`%V'" &@W@P&S:Ub" &(P>S&" )%X%[(T" ['))@=)" Z'[[" %=&@" &S'" #A33U)/" " ;/"D'X@):" $%TV[')" (=<" K%=')*" 5S'" 0S(Y'" @]" K%]'" %=" C(T[W" 9X'T%V(" Qg" 1233-4i" V]/" H%)SW" +-/" " a?'h&" &@" W@PT" <P&W" &@"E@<:b" (<`%)'<" @='" \@@_:" a%)" W@PT" <P&W" &@" W@PT" Y(T'=&)b'`'=" %]"&S'" VS%[<"<%<"=@&" aP=<'T)&(=<" &S'" T'()@="@]" &S'%T"V@XX(=<)/b" K/" 0%>@PT='W:" 5S'" E%T[U)" G'(<%=>" F@@_" --1#-&S" '</" #A-g4i" )''" ([)@" J%[%([" DP&W" G'V@XX'=<'<" (=<"C=]@TV'<:" M=&T@<PV&%@=:" Y/"%%%" 1V/" #QeA4i" 5S'" N(T'=&U)" NT'L)'=&"--"1g<"'</"#A-#4/" aD%)@\'<%'=V'"%)">'='T([[W"YP=%)S'<%=" )@X'" Z(W" @T" @&S'T:b" Z(T='<" (=@&S'T:" a(=<" @]&'=" `'TW")' 'T'[W/b" 0/" E@@<T%VS:" N'&'T"N(T['WU)" F@@_" @]" J(\[')"-g1#Ag,4i" )''" ([)@" 5S'" $@P=&TW" 0VS@@[L6@P)'" 2Q" 1#A-A41aO5RS'" =PX\'T" @]" VS%[<T'=" ZS@" <%'" ]T@X" &S'" ']]'V&)" @] <%)@\'<%'=V'"&@"&S'%T"Y(T'=&)"%)"`'TW"[(T>'b4/"

-"0@V%'&WU)" V@=V'T=" Z%&S"VS%[<T'=U)"<'`'[@YX'=&" 'h&'=<'<

&@" &S'" \@@_)" &S'W" T'(</" aI%V'" ([Z(W)" )YT'(<)" \W" \'%=>YP\[%)S'<:b"?@(S"H'\)&'T"@\)'T`'</""GP<@[YS",2/" aOnR@P=>Y'@Y['" (T'" &(P>S&" X(=W" `%V')" \W" ]%V&%@=:" \@@_):" @T" YP\L"[%V"'hS%\%&%@=):"`%V')"ZS%VS"&S'W"='`'T"Z@P[<"S(`'"_=@Z=S(<" &S'W" =' 'T" T'(<" )PVS" \@@_)" @T" (&&'=<'<" )PVS" YP\L[%V"Y[(V')/b"3D.;"L")''"([)@"$(T<'[[:"Y/"h%%"1V(P&%@=%=>"Y(TL'=&)" &S(&" aO&RS'" ]%T)&" T'(<%=>" ['))@=)" ]@T" VS%[<T'=" S( '"(=" 'h&'=)%`'" %=][P'=V'" @=" &S'" (VdP%)%&%@=)" (=<" S(\%&)" @] ]P&PT'" W'(T)b4i" n@P&SU)" $@XY(=%@="#" 1aO5RS'" V(Y(V%&%')"@] VS%[<T'=:" (=<"&S'" Y'VP[%(T" )%&P(&%@=" (=<" <P&%')" @]" W@P&S:T'dP%T'" )'['V&" (=<" (YYT@YT%(&'" T'(<%=>b4/ " NT@X%='=&"VS%[<T'=U)" (P&S@T)" S(T)S[W" VT%&%V%j'<" ](%TW" &([')" (=<" &S'P)'"@]"(=&ST@Y@X@TYS%V"(=%X([)/" 0'':"&">"2"0/"E@@<T%VS:"2"G'V@[['V&%@=)"@]"("K%]'&%X'"g23:"=/o"1#A+,4"1<')VT%\%=>"](%TW"

&([')" ()" aV([VP[(&'<" &@" ](X%[%(T%j'" &S'" X%=<" Z%&S" &S%=>)")S@V_%=>" (=<" X@=)&T@P)i" &@" VP[&% (&'" (" &()&'" ]@T" &([')" @]"

Page 49: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 49/92

#2" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

\[@@<)S'<" (=<" `%@['=V'i" &@"&'(VS"&S'" W@P=>" &@"P)'"V@(T)'"[(=>P(>':" (=<" VS'T%)S" `P[>(T" %<'()i" /"/"/" (=<" &@" ]%[[" O&S'"W@P&S]P[" X%=<R" Z%&S" &S'" S@TT@T)" @]" (" <'\()'<" (=<" <'L\(PVS'<" ](=VWb4i" #" .;"2 " (&" #,Q" 1T'V([[%=>" &S(&" VS%[<T'=U)\@@_)" Z'T'" a]P[[" @]" =@=)'=)'b" (=<" a[%')b4i" $(T<'[[:" Y/" h%`1a5S'"](=VW"@]"V@=`'T&%=>"%=]'T%@T"(=%X([)"%=&@"f&'(VS'T)"@]"VS%[<T'=:U" S()" \''=" V(TT%'<" &@" T%<%VP[@P)" 'h&T(`(>(=V'b4i)''"([)@"8(VD@=([<"Ag:"#3g"1=@&%=>"&S(&"](\[')"(=<"Z@T_)@]"](=&()W"Z'T'"=@&"Y@YP[(T"%="9X'T%V("%="&S'"#Q33U)4/

9<P[&)" V(T']P[[W" V@=&T@[['<" ZS(&" &S'W" YP\[%)S'<" ]@TVS%[<T'=/" 0&@T%')" ZT%&&'=" ]@T" VS%[<T'=" Z'T'" <'<%V(&'<" &@"X@T([" %=)&TPV&%@=" (=<" Z'T'" T'[(&%`'[W" (P)&'T':" [(V_%=><'&(%[)"&S(&"X%>S&"&%&%[[(&'"VS%[<T'=U)"X%=<)/" 0''"8(VK'@<"2-B2+:"-2B-Ai")''"([)@" .;"2 "(&"-2"1a5S'"(P&S@T)"@]"^P`'=%[']%V&%@=" %XY@)'<" &S'" V@=)&T(%=&)" PY@=" &S'X)'[`')" %=" &S'"=(X'" @]" <P&W:" (=<" ]@T" &S'" )(_'" @]" >%`%=>" VS%[<T'=" ZS(&"&S'W" &S@P>S&" VS%[<T'=" )S@P[<" S( ':" ([&S@P>S" &S'W" Z'T'@]&'=" Z'[[" (Z(T'" &S(&" VS%[<T'=" X%>S&" YT']'T" X@T'" 'hV%&L%=>" ](T'b4i" JT(=V%):" 9X'T%V(=" $S%[<T'=U)" K%&'T(&PT':"#,-,B#AA3:" %="9X'T%V(=" $S%[<S@@<"23AB23e"1;/" 6(Z')" k"?/" 6%='T" '<)/" #eA+4/" ;@S="?'Z\'TW:"&S'"YP\[%)S'T" @]&'="VT'<%&'<" Z%&S" VT'(&%=>" &S'" >'=T'" @]" VS%[<T'=U)" [%&'T(&PT':

T'X@`'<" &T(<%&%@=([" ]@[_" VS(T(V&'T):" [%_'" 5@X" 5SPX\:"]T@X"&S'%T"@T%>%=([")&@T%')"(=<"Y[(V'<"&S'X"%="='Z"X@T([L%&W" &([')" %=" ZS%VS" >@@<" VS%[<T'=" Z'T'" T'Z(T<'<" (=<" <%)L@\'<%'=&"VS%[<T'="YP=%)S'</" G'%=%'T"#2"+

N(T'=&)" S(<" &@&([" (P&S@T%&W" @`'T" ZS(&" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=T'(</" 0''" 9/" 8(VK'@<:" 9X'T%V(=" $S%[<S@@<" #QQ" 1#ee-4"1aM<'([[W:" %]" =@&" ([Z(W)" (V&P([[W:" =%='&''=&SLV'=&PTW" Y(TL'=&)"T'>P[(&'<"&S'%T"VS%[<T'=U)"[%`')"]P[[W:"V'T&(%=[W"%=V[P<L%=>" &S'%T" T'(<%=>b4/" KW<%(" $S%[<" YP&" %&" \[P=&[W" %=" 5S'"8@&S'TU)" F@@_*" a$S%[<T'=" /"/"/" )S@P[<" =@&" T'(<" (=W&S%=>"Z%&S@P&" (" X@&S'TU)" _=@Z['<>'" (=<" )(=V&%@=i" &S%)" %)" Y(TL&%VP[(T[W" ='V'))(TW" \'&Z''=" &S'" (>')" @]" &Z'[`'" (=<" )%hL&''=/b" $S%[<"e2i" )''" ([)@" .;"2 " (&"#-g" 1aONR(T'=&):"@T" )@X'">P(T<%(="]T%'=<):" )S@P[<"V(T']P[[W" 'h(X%='" '`'TW" `@[PX'"

Page 50: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 50/92

#g"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

&S'W" YP&" %=&@" &S'" S(=<)"@]"W@P=>"Y'@Y['b4i"C/"8@=(>S(=:"K'(T=%=>" &@" G'(<" (=<" HT%&'" %=" $@[@=%([" 9X'T%V(" ggQ1233+4" 1T'`%'Z%=>" (" #2LW'(TL@[<" >%T[U)" ^@PT=([" ]T@X" &S''(T[W" #QQ3U)" (=<" =@&%=>" &S(&" &S'" VS%[<U)" (P=&)" X@=%&@T'<"(=<">P%<'<"S'T"T'(<%=>4/"

+"5S'"[(Z"(&"&S'"&%X'"T']['V&'<"&S'"]@P=<%=>">'='T(&%@=U)

P=<'T)&(=<%=>"@]"Y(T'=&LVS%[<"T'[(&%@=)/""9VV@T<%=>"&@"0%TH%[[%(X" F[(V_)&@=':" Y(T'=&)" Z'T'" T')Y@=)%\['" ]@T" X(%=L&(%=%=>:" YT@&'V&%=>:" (=<" '<PV(&%@=" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=:" (=<"

&S'T']@T'"S(<"aY@Z'Tb"@`'T"&S'%T"VS%[<T'=/""#"$@XX'=&(TL%')"@="&S'"K(Z)"@]"C=>[(=<"-g-:"--3"1#Q,+4i"V]/" 71/<.$>%)$+`/" M-548/D&6> :" +2#" ./"0/" Q32:" Q#2" 1#eeQ4" 1F[(V_)&@='U)"$@XX'=&(T%')" Z()" a(" YT%X(TW" ['>([" (P&S@T%&W" ]@T" #A&SL"(=<" #e&SLV'=&PTW" 9X'T%V(="[(ZW'T)b4/" $S(=V'[[@T";(X')"l'=&" (>T''</" 2" $@XX'=&(T%')" @=" 9X'T%V(=" K(Z" o#AeB"o23Q/" 5S'" [(Z" '=&%&['<" Y(T'=&)" &@" a&S'" VP)&@<W" @]" &S'%TOVS%[<T'=R:b" a&S'" `([P'" @]" &SO'R" OVS%[<T'=U)R" [(\@T" (=<" )'TL`%V'):b" (=<" &S'"aT%>S&" &@"&S'"'h'TV%)'"@]" )PVS"<%)V%Y[%='"()"X(W" \'"T'dP%)%&'"]@T"&S'" <%)VS(T>'" @]"&S'%T")(VT'<"&TP)&/b"3;"2" (&" o#eg:"o23g/" $S%[<T'=:" %=" &PT=:"Z'T'" VS(T>'<" Z%&S"a@\'<%'=V'"(=<"())%)&(=V'"<PT%=>"&S'%T"@Z="X%=@T%&W:"(=<>T(&%&P<'"(=<"T'`'T(=V'"<PT%=>"&S'"T')&"@]"&S'%T"[%`')/b""3;"2+(&"o23Q/"

5SP):"%="V()'"(]&'T"V()':"V@PT&)"X(<'"V['(T"&S(&"Y(T'=&)S(<"("T%>S&"&@"&S'"VS%[<U)"[(\@T"(=<")'T`%V')"P=&%["&S'"VS%[<"T'(VS'<"X(^@T%&W/" M="#A#3:"&S'"0PYT'X'";P<%V%(["$@PT&"@] 8())(VSP)'&&)"'hY[(%='<:"a5S'T'"%)"=@"dP')&%@="\P&"&S(&"("](&S'T:"ZS@"%)"'=&%&['<"&@"&S'")'T`%V')"@]"S%)"X%=@T")@=:"(=<"]@T" ZS@X" S'" %)" @\[%>'<" &@" YT@`%<':" X(W:" (&" &S'" V@XX@=[(Z:"())%>="&S@)'")'T`%V')"&@"@&S'T):"]@T"("V@=)%<'T(&%@="&@'=PT'"&@" S%X)'[]/b" :1? "`/" A!&6&%%2"Q"8())/"#-+:"#-Qi")''"([)@" N&$/)$ "`/" O&B.$>%)$ :"2"8())/"##g:"##+"1#A3,4"1@Y%=L

%@=" @]"N(T)@=):" $/";/4" 1a5S'" [(Z" %)" `'TW" Z'[[" )'&&['<:" &S(&"Y(T'=&)" (T'" P=<'T" @\[%>(&%@=)" &@" )PYY@T&" &S'%T" VS%[<T'=:"

Page 51: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 51/92

#-" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

(=<" &S(&"&S'W"(T'"'=&%&['<"&@"&S'%T" '(T=%=>)b4/"" 0%X%[(T[W:&S'"0PYT'X'"$@PT&"@]";P<%V(&PT'"@]"?'Z"6(XY)S%T'"=@&'<"&S(&"&S'"T%>S&"@]"Y(T'=&)"&@"T'V@`'T"]@T"&S'")'T`%V')"@]"&S'%TVS%[<:"ZS%['"("X%=@T:"aV(==@&"\'"V@=&')&'</b"M1-&"`/" K166)%:"#"?/"6/"2A:"2e"1#A#Q4/""9=<"Y(T'=&)"V@P[<"\T%=>"&@T&")P%&)(>(%=)&" &S@)'" ZS@" _=@Z%=>[W"'=&%V'<" (" X%=@T"(Z(W" ]T@X&S'X/" 0'':" &">"2+P.68E1%6.48"`/"Q)48<16%:"2"FT'`/"2Q,"10/"$/"$@=)&%&P&%@=([" $&/" #A3e4i"R)$&/ " `/" ,&!./ :" -" K%&&/" 2+" 1lW/" 9YY/"#A2g4/

G'[(&'<[W:"\@W)"V@P[<"=@&"'=[%)&"%="&S'"X%[%&(TW"Z%&S@P&Y(T'=&([" V@=)'=&/" 8(=W" @]" &S@)'" ZS@" <%<" )@" <PT%=>" &S'"G'`@[P&%@=(TW" H(T" ]@P=<:" (]&'TZ(T<):" &S(&" &S'%T" ](&S'T)Z'T'"'=&%&['<"&@"&S'%T"X%[%&(TW"Z(>')/""0''"$@h:"F@W"0@[L<%'T)"@]"&S'"9X'T%V(="G'`@[P&%@=:"%="8(T&'=" 2#B2-/"" 9=<"(]&'T"&S'" Z(T:"X%=@T)"ZS@" '=[%)&'<"Z%&S@P&"Y(T'=&(["V@=L)'=&" %=" `%@[(&%@=" @]" ]'<'T([" [(Z" V@P[<" ]%=<" &S'X)'[ ')"T'&PT='<" S@X'" @="ZT%&)" @]" S(\'()" V@TYP)"%))P'<"(&"&S'%T"Y(T'=&)U"T'dP')&/""0'':" &">"2+I$.%&;+0%1%&/"`/" #$;&6/)$ :"2-"J/"$()/"A#g"1?@/"#-:--e4"1$$"5'==/"#A#24i" ()BB)$G&1-%<+`/" (1--1$ :","F%==/"2++"1N(/"#A#-4"SE&6+456.1BT/"

K(Z)" ([)@" )'&" (>'" [%X%&)" T')&T%V&%=>" X(TT%(>'" Z%&S@P&Y(T'=&([" V@=)'=&/" J@T" 'h(XY[':" ]T@X" #Qg3" P=&%[" (&" ['()&"

#A-e:"N'==)W[`(=%("[(Z"T'dP%T'<"Y(T'=&(["V@=)'=&"]@T"&S'X(TT%(>'"@]"(=W@='"P=<'T"&S'"(>'"@]"2#/""0''"-"0&(&P&')"(&"K(T>'"@]"N'==)W[ (=%("#+g"1;/"8%&VS'[["k"6/"J[(=<'T)"'<)/#AeQ4" 1S'T'%=(]&'T" N(/" 0&(&)/" (&" K(T>'4i" E'='T([" K(Z)" @]"N'==)W[`(=%("A2BAg"1;/"DP=[@Y"2<"'</"#A-e4"1%=V[P<%=>"&S'"#Qg3"X(TT%(>'"[(Z"Z%&S"=@"(X'=<X'=&)4i")''"([)@"N'TY'&LP([" K(Z)" @]" &S'" $@XX@=Z'([&S" @]" 8())(VSP)'&&)" 2+g"1#QAA4:"%="5S'"J%T)&"K(Z)"@]"&S'"$@XX@=Z'([&S"@]"8())(LVSP)'&&)" 1;/" $P)S%=>" '</" #eA#4/" M=" >'='T([:" aOYR@)&LG'`@[P&%@=(TW"X(TT%(>'"[(Z"())PX'<"&S(&"\'[@Z"("V'T&(%="(>':" VS%[<T'="V@P[<"/"/"/"=@O&R"%=&'[['V&P([[W"P=<'T)&(=<" %&)")%>=%]%V(=V'/b" ET@))\'T>"#3+/

M=<''<:" &S'" [(Z" %XY@)'<" (>'" [%X%&)" @=" ([[" X(=='T" @]"(V&%`%&%')" &S(&" T'dP%T'<" ^P<>X'=&" (=<" T'()@=/" $S%[<T'="

Page 52: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 52/92

#+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

V@P[<" =@&" `@&':" V@P[<" =@&" )'T`'" @=" ^PT%'):" (=<" >'='T([[W"V@P[<"=@&"\'"Z%&='))')"%="VT%X%=(["V()')"P=['))"&S'W"Z'T'"@[<'T"&S(="#-/""0''"FT'Z'T"-g:"#-+:"#-A:"#+e/""?@T"V@P[<"&S'W" )Z'(T" [@W([&W" &@" (" 0&(&'/" 0'':"&">"2" e" N(/" 0&(&)/" (&"K(T>'"###" 1#e3g" '</4/" C(T[W"]'<'T([" [(Z)">T(=&%=>" ([%'=)&S'"(\%[%&W"&@"\'V@X'"V%&%j'=)"YT@`%<'<"&S(&"&S@)'"P=<'T"2#"Z'T'" <''X'<"V%&%j'=)"%]"&S'%T" ](&S'T)"VS@)'"&@"=(&PT([%j'/"0'':" &">"2"9V&"@]"8(T/"2,:"#Qe3:"#"0&(&/"#3-i"9V&"@]";(=/"2e:"#Qe+:"VS/"23:"#"0&(&/"-#+/"

$"

5S'" S%)&@TW" V['(T[W" )S@Z)" (" ]@P=<%=>" >'='T(&%@=" &S(&\'[%'`'<" Y(T'=&)" &@" S( '" V@XY['&'" (P&S@T%&W" @`'T" &S'%T"X%=@T" VS%[<T'=" (=<" 'hY'V&'<" Y(T'=&)" &@" <%T'V&" &S'" <'`'[L@YX'=&"@]" &S@)'" VS%[<T'=/"" 5S'" NPT%&(=" &T(<%&%@=" %="?'Z"C=>[(=<"[(%<"&S'"]@P=<(&%@="@]"9X'T%V(="Y(T'=&(["(P&S@TL%&W"(=<"<P&W/" 0''"8(VD@=([<","1a5S'"NPT%&(=)"(T'"`%T&PL([[W"&S'"%=`'=&@T)"@]"&S'"](X%[W"()"Z'"_=@Z"%&"&@<(Wb4/""M="&S'" <'V(<')" ['(<%=>" PY" &@" (=<" ]@[[@Z%=>" &S'" G'`@[P&%@=:&S'"V@=V'Y&%@="@]"&S'"VS%[<U)"X%=<"'`@[`'<"\P&"&S'"<P&W"(=<(P&S@T%&W"@]"Y(T'=&)"T'X(%='</" M=<''<:")@V%'&W"Y(%<"V[@)'T(&&'=&%@=" &@"Y@&'=&%(["%=][P'=V')" @="VS%[<T'="&S(=" \']@T'/0''"8%=&j"Q2"1aFW"Z'(_'=%=>"'(T[%'T"]@TX)"@]"Y(&T%(TVS([(P&S@T%&W:" &S'" G' @[P&%@=" '=S(=V'<" &S'" %XY@T&(=V'" @]"VS%[<T'(T%=>" (=<" '<PV(&%@=" %=" '=)PT%=>" )@V%([" )&(\%[%&Wb4/"5'(VS'T)"(=<")VS@@[)"V(X'"P=<'T")VTP&%=W:"(=<"VS%[<T'=U)T'(<%=>"X(&'T%(["Z()"V(T']P[[W")PY'T`%)'</""K(Z)"T']['V&'<"&S')'" V@=V'T=)" (=<" @]&'=" )PYY@T&'<" Y(T'=&([" (P&S@T%&W"Z%&S"&S'"V@'TV%`'"Y@Z'T"@]"&S'")&(&'/"

MM" 9"

M="[%>S&" @]"&S%)" S%)&@TW:"&S'" JT(X'T)" V@P[<"=@&" Y@))%\[W"S( '" P=<'T)&@@<" a&S'" ]T''<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" &@" %=V[P<'" (=P=dP([%]%'<" T%>S&" &@" )Y'(_" &@" X%=@T)/" " 0Y'V%]%V([[W:" M" (X)PT'"&S(&"&S'"]@P=<%=>">'='T(&%@="Z@P[<"=@&"S(`'"P=<'TL

Page 53: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 53/92

#," FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

)&@@<"a&S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VSb"&@"%=V[P<'"("T%>S&"&@")Y'(_"&@"VS%[<T'="Z%&S@P&">@%=>"&ST@P>S"&S'%T"Y(T'=&)/""9)"("V@=)'LdP'=V':"M"<@"=@&"\'[%' '"&S(&"[(Z)"[%X%&%=>")PVS")Y''VSc ]@T" 'h(XY[':" \W" T'dP%T%=>" Y(T'=&([" V@=)'=&" &@")Y'(_" &@"(X%=@Tca(\T%<>O'R"&S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VSb"Z%&S%="&S'"@T%>%L=(["X'(=%=>"@]"&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&/"

H'" S( '" T'V'=&[W" =@&'<" &S(&" &S%)" $@PT&" <@')" =@&" S( 'a]T''ZS''[%=>" (P&S@T%&W" &@" <'V[(T'" ='Z" V(&'>@T%')" @] )Y''VS" @P&)%<'" &S'" )V@Y'" @]" &S'" J%T)&" 9X'=<X'=&/b"0%&=!&$/ :"++e"./"0/:"(&"!!!"1)[%Y"@Y/:"(&"e4/""FP&"Z'"([)@"T'V@>L=%j'<" &S(&" &S'T'" X(W" \'" a)@X'" V(&'>@T%')" @]" )Y''VS" &S(&S(`'"\''="S%)&@T%V([[W"P=YT@&'V&'<"O(=<R"S(`'"=@&"W'&"\''=)Y'V%]%V([[W" %<'=&%]%'<" @T" <%)VP))'<" ()" )PVS" %=" @PT" V()'"[(Z/b" 3D.;" " " M=" XW" @Y%=%@=:" &S'" S%)&@T%V([" '`%<'=V'" S'T'Y[(%=[W"T'`'([)"@='")PVS"V(&'>@TW/2"

F" 9<X%&&'<[W:" &S'" @T%>%=([" YP\[%V" P=<'T)&(=<%=>" @]" (

V@=)&%&P&%@=([" YT@`%)%@=" <@')" =@&" ([Z(W)" V@XY@T&" Z%&S"X@<'T=" )'=)%\%[%&%')/ " 0''" 9)6/& :" ++#" ./"0/:" (&" -#e"1567890 :";/:" V@=VPTT%=>4"1&T'(&%=>" )&P<'=&)" a()" &S@P>S" %&"

cccccc"

2 5S'"X(^@T%&W"T')Y@=<)" &S(&"a%&" <@')" =@&"]@[[@Zb" ]T@X" &S'"S%)&@T%V(['`%<'=V'"a&S(&"&S'")&(&'"S()"&S'"Y@Z'T"&@"YT'`'=&"VS%[<T'="]T@X"S'(T%=>"/"/"/" (=W&S%=>"G.%<)5%+ %<&.6+ E16&$%/C+ E6.)6+ 4)$/&$%/b" #$%&:" (&" Q:" =/ g/"0PVS"("V@=V[P)%@=:"&S'"X(^@T%&W"())'T&):"Z@P[<"['(<"&@"[(Z)"&S(&:"%="%&)`%'Z:"Z@P[<"\'"P=<')%T(\['"(=<"a@\`%@P)[Wb"P=V@=)&%&P&%@=([/""3D.;"+

5S'"X(^@T%&WU)" V%TVP[(T"(T>PX'=&"X%))')" &S'"Y@%=&/" 5S'" dP')&%@="%)"=@&" ZS'&S'T" V'T&(%=" [(Z)" X%>S&" X(_'" )'=)'" &@" ^P<>')" @T" ['>%)[(&@T)"&@<(W:" \P&" T(&S'T" ZS(&" &S'" YP\[%V" [%_'[W" P=<'T)&@@<" a&S'" ]T''<@X" @] )Y''VSb"&@"X'(="ZS'="&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&"Z()"(<@Y&'</""0''" :./%6.4%+)J+ ()-5BD.1 " `/" H&--&6:" ++-" ./"0/" +Q3:" ,g-B,g+" 1233A4/" " M" \'[%' '" %&"%)"V['(T"&S(&"&S'"]@P=<%=>"YP\[%V"Z@P[<"=@&"S(`'"P=<'T)&@@<"a&S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VSb"&@"%=V[P<'")Y''VS"&@"X%=@T"VS%[<T'="\WY())%=>"&S'%T"Y(T'=&)/"M&" ]@[[@Z)" &S(&" &S'" J%T)&" 9X'=<X'=&" %XY@)')" =@" T')&T%V&%@=" @=" )&(&'"T'>P[(&%@="@]")PVS")Y''VS/""5@"=@&'"&S(&"&S'T'"X(W"=@&"\'"aYT'V'<'=&"]@T"

O)PVSR")&(&'"V@=&T@[:b"1$%&:"(&"A:"=/"g:"a%)"=@&"&@"')&(\[%)S"&S(&"O&S'T'R"%)"("V@=)&%&P&%@=(["T%>S&:b"943$%?6&"`/"@<.)+A-&4%.)$/+()BBC$ :"+#-"./"0/"gg-:"gQg"1#ee+4"10$9KM9 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>4/"

Page 54: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 54/92

Page 55: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 55/92

#A" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

$@PT&"S()"S'[<"&S(&"VS%[<T'="(T'"'=&%&['<"&@"&S'"YT@&'V&%@=@]" &S'" J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&:" )'':" &">"2+ A6U$)U$.8"`/" R148/)$=!.--&:" -22"./"0/"23+:"2#2B2#g" 1#eQ+4:" (=<" &S'" >@`'T=X'=&"X(W" =@&" P=%[(&'T([[W" <%V&(&'" ZS(&" VS%[<T'=" V(=" )(W" @TS'(T:")''" .;"2 "(&"2#gB2#-i" ,.$8&6 "`/" :&/+9).$&/+3$;&E&$;=&$%+ ()BB5$.%?+ 04<))-+ :./%" :" geg" ./"0/" +3g:" +##" 1#e,e4/FP&"&S%)"$@PT&"S()"='`'T"S'[<:"P=&%["&@<(W:"&S(&"a&S'"]T''L<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" %=V[P<')"(" T%>S&"&@")Y'(_" &@"X%=@T)"1@T"("T%>S&" @]" X%=@T)" &@" (VV'))" )Y''VS4" Z%&S@P&" >@%=>" &ST@P>S"&S'" X%=@T)U" Y(T'=&)/" 5@"&S'" V@=&T(TW:"aO%R&" %)"Z'[[")'&&['<"&S(&" (" 0&(&'" @T" XP=%V%Y([%&W" V(=" (<@Y&" X@T'" )&T%=>'=&"V@=&T@[)" @=" V@XXP=%V(&%`'" X(&'T%([)" (`(%[(\['" &@" W@P&S)"&S(=" @=" &S@)'" (`(%[(\['" &@" (<P[&)/b" "A6U$)U$.8 :+ /5E612"(&"2#2i"V]/" E)/%:"(&"g"1FGCnCG :";/:"<%))'=&%=>4/"

5S'" $@PT&U)" V@=)&%&P&%@=([" ^PT%)YTP<'=V'" aS%)&@T%V([[WS()"T']['V&'<"H')&'T="V%`%[%j(&%@="V@=V'Y&)"@]"&S'"](X%[W"()("P=%&"Z%&S"\T@(<"Y(T'=&(["(P&S@T%&W"@`'T"X%=@T"VS%[<T'=/b" K16<1B "`/" R"+O":" --2" ./"0/" +A-:" ,32" 1#eQe4/" " .=<'T" &S(&"V()'" [(Z:"a['>%)[(&PT'O)R"OV(=R"YT@Y'T[W" V@=V[P<'"&S(&" Y(TL'=&)" (=<" @&S'T):" &'(VS'T)" ]@T" 'h(XY[':" ZS@" S( '" /"/"/" YT%LX(TW"T')Y@=)%\%[%&W"]@T"VS%[<T'=U)"Z'[[L\'%=>"(T'"'=&%&['<"&@&S'" )PYY@T&" @]"[(Z)" <')%>='<" &@"(%<"<%)VS(T>'"@]"&S(&" T'L

)Y@=)%\%[%&W/b" "M.$/D&6> "`/" F&G+ V)68 :" ge3" ./"0/" ,2e:" ,ge"1#e,A4i")''"([)@" N&--)%%."`/" N1.6; :"--g"./"0/",22:",g+"1#eQe4"1@Y%=%@="@]"N@Z'[[:";/4"1aO5RS'"0&(&'"%)"'=&%&['<"&@"(<^P)&"%&)"['>([" )W)&'X" &@" (VV@P=&" ]@T" VS%[<T'=U)" `P[='T(\%[%&W" (=<"&S'%T" =''<)" ]@T" V@=V'T=:" /"/"/" )WXY(&SW:" (=<" /"/"/" Y(&'T=(["(&&'=&%@=b" 1%=&'T=([" dP@&(&%@=" X(T_)" @X%&&'<44/" " 5S%)" %)"\'V(P)'" a&S'" &T(<%&%@=" @]"Y(T'=&(["(P&S@T%&W" %)"=@&" %=V@=L)%)&'=&"Z%&S"@PT"&T(<%&%@="@]"%=<%`%<P(["[%\'T&Wi"T(&S'T:"&S'"]@TX'T" %)" @='" @]" &S'" \()%V" YT')PYY@)%&%@=)" @]" &S'" [(&&'T/b"3;"2"(&",gAi".;" :"(&",gAB,ge"1aK'>(["T')&T%V&%@=)"@="X%=@T):')Y'V%([[W" &S@)'" )PYY@T&% '" @]" &S'" Y(T'=&([" T@[':" X(W" \'"%XY@T&(=&" &@" &S'" VS%[<U)" VS(=V')" ]@T" &S'" ]P[[" >T@Z&S" (=<"X(&PT%&W"&S(&"X(_'" '`'=&P([" Y(T&%V%Y(&%@="%="(" ]T''" )@V%L'&W"X'(=%=>]P["(=<"T'Z(T<%=>b4/"

Page 56: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 56/92

Page 57: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 57/92

" "

23" FG7H?" !""C?5CG59M?8C?5"8CG$69?50"900?/"

5 67890 :";/:"<%))'=&%=>"

>(X'"Z%&S"S%)"Y(T'=&U)"@T">P(T<%(=U)"S'[Y/"" M="&S'"&WY%V([V()':" &S'" @=[W" )Y''VS" (]]'V&'<" %)" )Y''VS" &S(&" \WY())')" (X%=@TU)"Y(T'=&"@T">P(T<%(=/" F'V(P)'")PVS")Y''VS"<@')"=@&"]([[" Z%&S%=" a&S'" ]T''<@X" @]" )Y''VSb" ()" @T%>%=([[W" P=<'TL)&@@<:" $([%]@T=%(U)" [(Z" <@')" =@&" @T<%=(T%[W" %XY[%V(&'" &S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&"(=<"%)"=@&"](V%([[W"P=V@=)&%&P&%@=([/g"

o" o" o"a5S'"]T''<@X"@]")Y''VS:b"()"@T%>%=([[W"P=<'T)&@@<:"<@')"

=@&" %=V[P<'" (" T%>S&" &@" )Y'(_" &@" X%=@T)" Z%&S@P&" >@%=>&ST@P>S" &S'" X%=@T)U" Y(T'=&)" @T" >P(T<%(=)/" " 5S'T']@T':" M"

V(==@&"(>T''"&S(&"&S'")&(&P&'"(&"%))P'"%)"](V%([[W"P=V@=)&%L&P&%@=(["P=<'T"&S'"J%T)&"9X'=<X'=&/"

M"T')Y'V&]P[[W"<%))'=&/"

cccccc"g HS'&S'T"&S'" )&(&P&'" Z@P[<" )PT`%`'" (=" ()L(YY[%'<" VS([['=>'" %=" &S'"

P=P)P(["V()'" @]"(=" 'X(=V%Y(&'<"X%=@T"%)"(" dP')&%@=" ]@T"(=@&S'T" <(W/5@"<'V%<'"&S%)"V()':"%&"%)"'=@P>S"&S(&"&S'")&(&P&'"%)"=@&"P=V@=)&%&P&%@=([@="%&)"](V'/"

Page 58: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 58/92

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"

#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

!"#$%&%'()"$*')+'*,%'"-.*%/'!*0*%!'

>?/"3@A#--@"

7BC.>B"D/"56EF>9": 6 /9"DEG76>E6"EH"$IJK" LHE6>LI9" 7M"IJ /9"N7MLMLE>760" !""7>M76MIL>K"

C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00E$LIMLE>" 7M"IJ /"

E>"F6LM"EH"$76MLE6I6L"ME"MO7".>LM7B"0MIM70"$E.6M"EH" INN7IJ0"HE6"MO7">L>MO"$L6$.LM

P:Q<'"2R9"23##S"

: .0ML$7" 5 67876 9";%))'<&%<=/"$(T%U?V<%("%WX?)')"("Y%Z%T"U%<'"?U"QX"&?"[#9333"QX?<"(<\"

X'V)?<"]^?";%)&V%_Q&')"("Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W'"%<"$(T%U?V<%("]%&^?Q&" T(_'T%<=" %&" `#@9a" ?V" ]^?" )'TT)" ?V" V'<&)" (" T(_'T';"Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W'"&?"("X'V)?<"Q<;'V"&^'"(='"?U"#@/" 6'XKV')'<&(&%Z')" ?U" & '" Z%;'?" =(W'" (<;" )?U&](V'" %<;Q)&V%')9"YT(%W%<="&^(&"&^'")&(&Q&'"Z%?T(&')"&^'"H%V)&"IW'<;W'<&"?<%&)" U(Y'9" )''b" (<"%<cQ<Y&%?<"(=(%<)&"%&)" '<U?VY'W'<&/"" IXKXT\%<=" &V(;%&%?<(T" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" (<(T\)%)9" L" ]?QT;"QX^?T;"&^'")&(&Q&'"()"Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(T"?<"%&)"U(Y'"(<;"]?QT;"Y?<)'dQ'<&T\"V'c'Y&"&^'"%<;Q)&V%')e"U(Y%(T"Y^(TT'<='/"

L" I"

$(T%U?V<%(e)" )&(&Q&'" ;'U%<')" (" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W'" ()*" I =(W'"%<"]^%Y^"("XT(\'V"`b%TTP)S9"W(%WP)S9";%)W'W_'VP)S9"?V)'fQ(TT\"())(QT&P)S"(<"%W(='"?U"("^QW(<"_'%<=9a"#$%&

`P(S" V'()?<(_T'" X'V)?<9" Y?<)%;'V%<=" & '" =(W'" ()" (]^?T'9"]?QT;"U%<;"P&^'"=(W'S"(XX'(T)"&?"(";'Z%(<&"?V"W?V_%;"%<&'V')&"?U"W%<?V)9a"

#$%&

`P&^'"=(W'S"%)"X(&'<&T\"?UU'<)%Z'"&?"XV'Z(%T%<=")&(<;(V;)%<"&^'"Y?WWQ<%&\"()"&?"]^(&"%)")Q%&(_T'"U?V"W%<?V)9a"

Page 59: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 59/92

2" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

#$%&

`&^'"=(W'9"()"("]^?T'9"/"/"/"T(YbP)S")'V%?Q)"T%&'V(V\9"(VK&%)&%Y9" X?T%&%Y(T9" ?V" )Y%'<&%U%Y" Z(TQ'" U?V" W%<?V)/a" " $(T/"$%Z/"$?;'"I<</"g#R-,1;41#4"1F')&"233h4/"

M '" )&(&Q&'" %<" 'UU'Y&" U?V_%;)" & '" )(T'" ?U" )QY^" (" =(W'" &?W%<?V)" Q<T'))" & '\" (V'" (YY?WX(<%';" _\" (" X(V'<&i" %&" V'KdQ%V')"&^'"W(b'V)"?U"&^'"=(W'"&?"(UU%f"(" T(_'T"%;'<&%U\%<=%&" ()"(" =(W'")Q%&(_T'" ?<T\" U?V" &^?)'" (=';" #@" (<;" ?Z'Vi"%&"'f'WX&)" V'&(%T'V)" UV?W" T%(_%T%&\" Q<T'))" )QY^" (" T(_'T" %)"XV?X'VT\"(UU%f';"&?"&^'"=(W'i"(<;"%&"%WX?)')"("Y%Z%T"U%<'"?U"

QX"&?"[#9333"QX?<"("Z%?T(&?V/" 0''"gg#R-,/#A#R-,/j/"5"

I" U(Y%(T" Y (TT'<='" &?" &^%)" )&(&Q&'" _()';" ?<" & '" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&"Y(<")QYY'';"?<T\"%U"`(")Q_)&(<&%(T"<QW_'V"?U"%&)"(XXT%Y(&%?<)"(V'"Q<Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(T9"cQ;=';"%<"V'T(&%?<"&?&^'" )&(&Q&'e)" XT(%<T\" T'=%&%W(&'" )]''X/a"'$()*%& +)#)*, "Z/"+)*!*$, 9"++h"./"0/"!!9"!!""123#34"1)T%X"?X/9"(&"#34"1%<&'V<(T"dQ?&(&%?<"W(Vb)"?W%&&';4" "C?V'?Z'V9"%&"%)"W?V'";%UU%YQT&"&?"W?Q<&"("U(Y%(T"H%V)&"IW'<;W'<&"(&&(Yb"?<"(")&(&Q&'"&^(&")''b)" &?" V'=QT(&'" (Y&%Z%&\" &^(&" %<Z?TZ')" (Y&%?<" ()" ]'TT" ())X''Y /" 0'' & -./#%.(01 "Z/"213#4/5# 9"-#j"./"0/",3#9",#-A",#+"1#hRj4/" O'<Y'9"L")^(TT"U?YQ)"^'V'"QX?<"(<"(V'("]%&^%<]^%Y^"L" _'T%'Z'" &^'" 0&(&'"Y(<" T'=%&%W(&'T\"(XXT\"%&)" )&(&KQ&'9"<(W'T\")(T')"&?"W%<?V)"Q<;'V"&^'"(='"?U"#R"1&^'"(='"YQ&?UU" Q)';" _\" & '" %<;Q)&V\e)" ?]<" V(&%<=)" )\)&'W49" ?U"^%=^T\" V'(T%)&%Y" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')9" ]^%Y^" (" V'()?<(_T'=(W'" W(b'V" ]?QT;" b<?]" W''&" & '" IY&e)" YV%&'V%(/" " M^(&"(V'("T%')"(&"&^'"^'(V&"?U"&^'")&(&Q&'/""L")^(TT"())QW'"&^(&"& '" <QW_'V" ?U" %<)&(<Y')" %<" ]^%Y^" & '" 0&(&'" ]%TT" '<U?VY'"&^'" )&(&Q&'" ]%&^%<" &^(&" (V'(" %)" Y?WX(V(&%Z'T\" T(V='9" (<;"&^(&" &^'" <QW_'V" ?Q&)%;'" &^(&" (V'(" 1U?V" 'f(WXT'9" )(T')" &?#RK\'(VK?T;)4"%)"Y?WX(V(&%Z'T\")W(TT/""I<;"&^'"(Y&%Z%&\"&^'")&(&Q&'" V'=QT(&')" Y?W_%<')" )X''Y^" ]%&^" (Y&%?<" 1(" Z%V&Q(T"U?VW"?U"&(V='&"XV(Y&%Y'4/"

Page 60: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 60/92

j"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

$"L<";'&'VW%<%<="]^'&^'V"&^'")&(&Q&'"%)"Q<Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(T9"

L"]?QT;"(XXT\"_?&^"&^%)"$?QV&e)"`Z(=Q'<'))a"XV'Y';'<&)"(<;"(" )&V%Y&" U?VW" ?U"H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" )YVQ&%<\/" L<" ;?%<=" )?9&^'" )X'Y%(T" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" Y(&'=?V\" L" U%<;" V'T'Z(<&" %)"<?&" 1()" & '" $?QV&" YT(%W)4" & '" Y(&'=?V\" ?U" `;'X%Y&%?<)" ?U Z%?T'<Y'9a"#$)* 9"(&"@9"_Q&"V(&^'V"&^'"Y(&'=?V\"?U"`XV?&'Y&%?<"?U" Y^%T;V'</a" M^%)" $?QV&" ^()" ^'T;" &^(&" & '" `X?]'V"?U" & ')&(&'"&?"Y?<&V?T"&^'"Y?<;QY&"?U"Y^%T;V'<"V'(Y^')"_'\?<;"&^'")Y?X'" ?U"%&)" (Q&^?V%&\" ?Z'V" (;QT&)/a" " 6.($0* "Z/"7#,,#0489,*)), 9"j2#"./"0/"#+@9"#R3"1#h--4/""I<;"&^'"`kV'=QT(&%?P<S"?U"Y?WWQ<%Y(&%?<" (;;V'))';" &?" PY^%T;V'<S" <'';" <?&" Y?<U?VW"&?" & '" V'dQ%V'W'<&)" ?U" & '" PHS%V)&" PISW'<;W'<&" %<" & ')(W'"](\"()"&^?)'"(XXT%Y(_T'"&?"(;QT&)/ea"" :($,;*.<& Z/"=*>&?/.1 9" jh3" ./"0/" ,2h9" ,j@9" </" ," 1#h,@4" 1dQ?&%<=" 7W'V)?<9M?](V;" (" D'<'V(T" M '?V\" ?U" & '" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&9" R2 8(T'"J/":/"@RR9"hjh"1#h,j44/"

M^'" W(c?V%&\e)" YT(%W"&^(&" &^'" $(T%U?V<%(")&(&Q&'9" %U"QXK^'T;9" ]?QT;" YV'(&'" (" `<']" Y(&'=?VP\S" ?U" Q<XV?&'Y&';")X''Y^9a" #$)* 9"(&"j9",9"%)"?Z'V)&(&';/"">?"?<'"^'V'"(V=Q')"&^(&" ;'X%Y&%?<)" ?U" Z%?T'<Y'9" 'Z'<" 'f&V'W'" Z%?T'<Y'9"#8)/95#)(0#33@" U(TT" ?Q&)%;'" & '" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&e)" XV?&'Y&%Z'

)Y?X'"()9"U?V"'f(WXT'9";?"?_)Y'<%&\"(<;";'X%Y&%?<)"?U"Y^%T;"X?V<?=V(X^\/" F'"XV?X'VT\" )X'(b" ?U" 0#)*</.(*,& ?U" 'fXV')K)%?<" &^(&" T(Yb" XV?&'Y&%?<" ]^'<9" T%b'" `Y^%T;" X?V<?=V(X \9a"&^'" Y(&'=?V\"%)"_V?(;9" ]^'<" %&"(XXT%')" (Q&?W(&%Y(TT\9"(<;"]^'<" &^'" 0&(&'" Y(<" XV?^%_%&" 'Z'V\?<'9" %<YTQ;%<=" (;QT&)9"UV?W" ?_&(%<%<=" (YY'))" &?" &^'" W(&'V%(T" ]%&^%<" %&/" 5Q&"]^'V'9"()"^'V'9"Y(V'UQT"(<(T\)%)"WQ)&"XV'Y';'"("<(VV?]'V" cQ;%Y%(T" Y?<YTQ)%?<" 1)(\9" ;'<\%<=" XV?&'Y&%?<" &?" (" )^?Q&" ?U `U%V'a"%<"("YV?];';"&^'(&'V9"?V"&?"(<"'UU?V&"&?"&'(Y^"("&'VV?VK%)&" =V?QX" ^?]" &?"X'(Y'UQTT\" X'&%&%?<" &^'" .<%&';">(&%?<)49]'";?"<?&"<?VW(TT\";')YV%_'"&^'"V')QT&"()"YV'(&%<="("`<']"Y(&'=?V\" ?U" Q<XV?&'Y&';" )X''Y^/a" 0''" +04*$01 " Z/"'$()*%&+)#)*, 9" 2-h" ./"0/" -R9" +2" 1#h#h4i" A/3%*. " Z/"A85#$()#.(#$&B#>&6./C*0) 9"+,#"./"0/"!!"123#34/"

Page 61: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 61/92

-" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

" M^Q)9" %<"+)*!*$,D&(U&'V" V'c'Y&%<=" &^'" YT(%W" &^(&"#33&;'KX%Y&%?<)" ?U" (<%W(T" YVQ'T&\" 1(" Y(&'=?V\4" U(TT" ?Q&)%;'" & '"H%V)&"IW'<;W'<&e)"XV?&'Y&%Z'")Y?X'9"]'"]'<&"?<"&?";'Y%;']^'&^'V" &^'" X(V&%YQT(V" )&(&Q&'" (&"%))Q'"Z%?T(&')"&^'" H%V)& IW'<;W'<&" Q<;'V" &V(;%&%?<(T" )&(<;(V;)i" (<;" ]'" ^'T;"&^(&9"_'Y(Q)'"&^'")&(&Q&'"]()"?Z'VT\"_V?(;9"%&"]()"%<Z(T%;/"0%W%T(VT\9"^'V'"&^'"%))Q'"%)"]^'&^'V9"(XXT\%<="&V(;%&%?<(T"H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" )&(<;(V;)9" &^%)" )&(&Q&'" ;?')9" ?V" ;?')"<?&9"X())"WQ)&'V/"

LL"

L<"W\" Z%']9"$(T%U?V<%(e)")&(&Q&'"XV?Z%;')"`U(%V"<?&%Y'"?U"]^(&"%)"XV?^%_%&';9a"(<;"Y?<)'dQ'<&T\"%&"%)"<?&"%WX'VW%)K)%_T\"Z(=Q'/" '$()*%&+)#)*, "Z/"E(33(#5, 9"++j"./"0/"2@+9"j3-"1233@4/":($,;*.< "'fXT(%<)"]^\"&^(&"%)")?/""M^'"$?QV&"&^'V'"Y?<)%;'V';"(">']"8?Vb"T(]"&^(&"U?V_(;'"&^'")(T'"&?"W%<?V)"?U"("

`X%Y&QV'9"X^?&?=V(X^9" ;V(]%<=9" )YQTX&QV'9"W?&%?<" X%YK&QV'"U%TW9"?V")%W%T(V"Z%)Q(T"V'XV')'<&(&%?<"?V"%W(='"?U ("X'V)?<"?V"X?V&%?<"?U"&^'"^QW(<"_?;\"]^%Y^";'X%Y&)"<Q;%&\"/"/"/"9a"

)4#)&

`XV';?W%<(&'T\" (XX'(T)" &?" &^'" XVQV%'<&9" )^(W'UQT" ?VW?V_%;"%<&'V')&"?U"W%<?V)9a"

#$%&

`%)" X(&'<&T\" ?UU'<)%Z'" &?" XV'Z(%T%<=" )&(<;(V;)" %<" &^'(;QT&"Y?WWQ<%&\" ()" (" ]^?T'" ]%&^" V')X'Y&" &?"]^(&" %))Q%&(_T'"W(&'V%(T"U?V"W%<?V)9a"

#$%&

`%)" Q&&'VT\" ]%&^?Q&" V';''W%<=" )?Y%(T" %WX?V&(<Y'" U?V"W%<?V)/a" jh3"./"0/9"(&",-,A,-R/"

M^%)" $?QV&" QX^'T;" & '" >']" 8?Vb" )&(&Q&'" %<":($,;*.< 1]^%Y " %)" )?W'&%W')" Q<U?V&Q<(&'T\" Y?<UQ)';" ]%&^" (" Z'V\"

Page 62: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 62/92

Page 63: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 63/92

Page 64: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 64/92

R"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

=()?T%<'9"T%=^&)"^%W"?<"U%V'9"QV%<(&')"?<"^%)"_QV<%<="_?;\9(<;" U%<(TT\" b%TT)" ^%W"]%&^" ("=Q<)^?&" &?" & '" ^'(;/" 1H??&K(='"?U"?<'")QY^"=(W'")'dQ'<Y'"^()"_''<")Q_W%&&';"%<"&^'"V'Y?V;/4" 0''" (T)?" #$)* 9"(&"#-A#+"1I JLME 9":/9"Y?<YQVV%<="%<" cQ;=W'<&4/" I)"%<"7(33*. "(<;" :($,;*.< 9"&^'"$(T%U?V<%("T(]"YT'(VT\" G./)*0), "'Z'<"&^'"W?)&"Z%?T'<&"=(W')"&^(&"X?))')))'V%?Q)" T%&'V(V\9" (V&%)&%Y9" X?T%&%Y(T9" ?V" )Y%'<&%U%Y" Z(TQ'/"g#R-,1;41#41I41%%%4/" I<;" %&" %)" '()%'V" ^'V'" & (<" %<"7(33*.&?V":($,;*.< " &?" )'X(V(&'" & '" ) ''X" UV?W" & '" =?(&)" (&" & '")&(&Q&'e)" _?V;'V/" M^(&" %)" _'Y(Q)'" ^'V'" & '" %<;Q)&V\" %&K)'TU" ^()" XV?WQT=(&';" )&(<;(V;)" (<;" YV'(&';" (" V'Z%']"XV?Y'))9" %<" ]^%Y^" (;QT&)" ]^?" `&\X%Y(TT\" ^(Z'" 'fX'V%'<Y']%&^" Y^%T;V'<a" ())'))" ]^(&" =(W')" (V'" %<(XXV?XV%(&'" U?V"W%<?V)/""0''"7<&'V&(%<W'<&"0?U&](V'"6(&%<="5?(V;9"6(&%<=NV?Y'))9" ?<T%<'" (&" &&X*mm]]]/')V_/?V=mV(&%<=)mnV(&%<=)! XV?Y'))/c)X" 1(TT" L<&'V<'&" W(&'V%(T)" ()" Z%)%&';" :Q<'" 2-923##9"(<;"(Z(%T(_T'"%<"$T'Vb"?U"$?QV&e)"Y()'"U%T'4/"

M^'V'"%)9"?U"Y?QV)'9"?<'"?_Z%?Q)";%UU'V'<Y'*"M^'":($,;*.< )&(&Q&'"Y?<Y'V<';";'X%Y&%?<)"?U"`<Q;%&\9a"]^%T'"$(T%U?V<%(e)")&(&Q&'" Y?<Y'V<)" 'f&V'W'T\" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')/" " 5Q&" U?V"XQVX?)')"?U"Z(=Q'<'))9"]^\")^?QT;"&^(&"W(&&'Vl" : .0ML$7" I JLME " (V=Q')" & (&" & '"7(33*.& )&(<;(V;" )QUU%Y';" _'Y(Q)'"

& 'V'" (V'" `Y'V&(%<" ='<'V(TT\" (YY'X&';" <?VW)" Y?<Y'V<%<='fXV'))%?<"V'T(&';"&?")'f9a"]^'V'()"&^'V'"(V'"<?")%W%T(VT\"`(YY'X&';" )&(<;(V;)" V'=(V;%<=" & '" )Q%&(_%T%&\" ?U" Z%?T'<&'<&'V&(%<W'<&/a" H$)* 9" (&" RA@/" " 5Q&" & 'V'" %)" <?" 'Z%;'<Y'"&^(&"%)")?/" M^'"$?QV&"V'T%';"?<"`Y?WWQ<%&\")&(<;(V;)a"%<"7(33*. " XV'Y%)'T\" _'Y(Q)'" ?U" & '" ;%UU%YQT&\" ?U" (V&%YQT(&%<=`(YY'X&';" <?VW)a" (_?Q&" ;'X%Y&%?<)" ?U" )'f/" " L" Y(<" U%<;" <?";%UU'V'<Y'o^%)&?V%Y(T"?V"?&^'V]%)'o&^(&"%)".*3*!#$) "&?"&^'"Z(=Q'<'))" dQ')&%?</" L<;'';9" & '" W(c?V%&\e)" 'f(WXT')" ?U T%&'V(V\" ;')YV%X&%?<)"?U"Z%?T'<Y'9"?<"]^%Y^" :.0ML$7" I JLME"V'T%')9";?"<?&")^?]"(<\&^%<="V'T'Z(<&"(&"(TT/"

IU&'V"(TT9"?<'"Y(<"U%<;"%<"T%&'V(&QV'"()"W(<\"1%U"<?&"W?V'4;')YV%X&%?<)" ?U" X^\)%Y(T" T?Z'" ()" ;')YV%X&%?<)" ?U" Z%?T'<Y'/"L<;'' ;9" )'f" `^()" _' '<" (" &^'W'" %<" (V&" (<;" T%&'V(&QV'"

Page 65: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 65/92

@" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

&^V?Q=^?Q&"&^'" (=')/a" H,40./J)& Z/& K.**& +G**04& I/#3()(/$9"+j+" ./"0/" 2j-9" 2-," 123324 "&H?V" 'Z'V\" O?W'V9" & 'V'" %)" ("M%&%(</" H?V"'Z'V\"B(<&'9"&^'V'"%)"(<"EZ%;/""I<;"U?V"(TT"&^'"&''<(='V)"]^?"^(Z'"V'(;"&^'"?V%=%<(T"Z'V)%?<)"?U"DV%WWe)"H(%V\"M(T')9"L")Q)X'Y&"&^'V'"(V'"&^?)'"]^?"b<?]"&^'")&?V\"?U"J(;\"D?;%Z(/

M^Q)9" L" Y(<" U%<;" <?" W'(<%<=UQT" Z(=Q'<'))KV'T(&';" ;%UKU'V'<Y')" _'&]''<" $(T%U?V<%(e)"T(]" (<;" &^'" >']" 8?Vb" T(]"QX^'T;" %<":($,;*.< /" I<;" %U" & 'V'" V'W(%<" (<\" Z(=Q'<'))"XV?_T'W)9" &^'" )&(&'" Y?QV&)" Y(<" YQV'" &^'W" &^V?Q=^" %<&'VKXV'&(&%?</" 0''"O.F$/F$(1 "Z/"N#01,/$!(33* 9" -22" ./"0/" 23+9"2#,"1#hR+4"1`P0S&(&'")&(&Q&'")^?QT;"<?&"_'";''W';"U(Y%(TT\"%<Z(T%;" Q<T'))" %&" %)" <?&" V'(;%T\" )Q_c'Y&" &?" (" <(VV?]%<=Y?<)&VQY&%?<"_\"&^'")&(&'"Y?QV&)a4/""$U/":($,;*.< 9",8G.# 9"(&",--"1V'T\%<="?<"&^'"U(Y&"&^(&">']"8?Vb"$?QV&"?U"IXX'(T)"]?QT;" V'(;" (" b<?]T';='" V'dQ%V'W'<&" %<&?" & '" )&(&Q&'4i" -*..@ " Z/"+#$)#& -#.;#.# 9" -3" $(T/" IXX/" -&^" #3R+9" #3@@A #3@h9"-R"$(T/"6X&V/"2;",,#9",,h"1#hh+4"1V'(;%<="("b<?]TK';='" V'dQ%V'W'<&"%<&?"(" )&(&Q&'4/"" $?<)'dQ'<&T\9"U?V" XQVKX?)')"?U"&^%)"U(Y%(T"Y^(TT'<='9"L"]?QT;"<?&"U%<;"&^'")&(&Q&'"Q<Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(TT\"Z(=Q'/"

LLL" G%;'?" =(W')" Y?W_%<'" X^\)%Y(T" (Y&%?<" ]%&^" 'fXV'))%?</"

F'V'"X^\)%Y(T"(Y&%Z%&\"&?"XV';?W%<(&'"%<"("=(W'9"=?Z'V<KW'<&" Y?QT;" (XXV?XV%(&'T\" %<&'VZ'<'9" )(\" _\" V'dQ%V%<=X(V'<&)" &?" (YY?WX(<\" Y^%T;V'<" ]^'<" XT(\%<=" (" =(W'" %<KZ?TZ%<=" (Y&Q(T" &(V='&" XV(Y&%Y'9" ?V" V')&V%Y&%<=" & '" )(T'" ?U &?\)" XV')'<&%<=" X^\)%Y(T" ;(<='V)" &?"Y^%T;V'</"" 0''"='<'VK(TT\" $?<)QW'V" NV?;QY&" 0(U'&\" LWXV?Z'W'<&" IY&" ?U" 233@9"#22"0&(&/"j3#,"1`M%&T'"Lo$^%T;V'<e)"NV?;QY&"0(U'&\a4/ "5Q&"_'Y(Q)'" Z%;'?" =(W')" (T)?" 'W_?;\" %WX?V&(<&" 'fXV'))%Z'(<;"(V&%)&%Y"'T'W'<&)9"L"(=V''"]%&^"&^'"$?QV&"&^(&"&^'"H%V)& IW'<;W'<&")%=<%U%Y(<&T\"T%W%&)"&^'"0&(&'e)"X?]'V"&?"V'=QK

T(&'/" I<;" L" ]?QT;" ;'&'VW%<'" ] '&^'V" & '" 0&(&'" ^()" 'fKY'';';"&^?)'"T%W%&)"_\"(XXT\%<="(")&V%Y&")&(<;(V;"?U"V'Z%']/"

Page 66: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 66/92

$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4" h"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

J%b'"&^'"W(c?V%&\9"L"_'T%'Z'"&^(&"&^'"$(T%U?V<%("T(]"WQ)&_'" `<(VV?]T\" &(%T?V';a" &?" UQV&^'V" (" `Y?WX'TT%<=" %<&'V')&9a"]%&^?Q&" & 'V'" _'%<=" (" `T'))" V')&V%Y&%Z'a" (T&'V<(&%Z'" &^(&]?QT;" _'" `(&" T'()&" ()" 'UU'Y&%Z'/a" "P*$/ "Z/" H5*.(0#$& I(!(3&B(;*.)(*,& '$(/$ 9" +2#" ./"0/" @--9" @R-9" @R+9" @Rh" 1#hhR4/" " L"]?QT;" <?&" (XXT\" &^%)" )&V%Y&" )&(<;(V;" `W'Y^(<%Y(TT\/a"'$()*%& +)#)*, "Z/" 63#@;/@& O$)*.)#($5*$)&:./8GD& L$0" 9" +2h"./"0/" @3j9" @-#" 123334" 15 67876 9" :/9" c?%<';" _\" 6'^<dQ%)&9"$/":/9"(<;"Ee$?<<?V"(<;"0 $IJLI 9"::/9";%))'<&%<=4/""6(&^'V9"%<" (XXT\%<=" %&9" L" ]?QT;" 'Z(TQ(&'" & '" ;'=V''" &?" ]^%Y^" & '")&(&Q&'"%<cQV')")X''Y^KV'T(&';"%<&'V')&)9"&^'"<(&QV'"?U"&^'X?&'<&%(TT\KcQ)&%U\%<="`Y?WX'TT%<="%<&'V')&)9a"&^'";'=V''"&?]^%Y^" &^'" )&(&Q&'" UQV&^'V)" &^(&" %<&'V')&9" &^'" <(&QV'" (<;"'UU'Y&%Z'<'))"?U"X?))%_T'" (T&'V<(&%Z')9" (<;9"%<"T%=^&" ?U"&^%)'Z(TQ(&%?<9" ]^'&^'V9" ?Z'V(TT9" `& '" )&(&Q&'" ]?Vb)" )X''Y^KV'T(&';"^(VW"/"/"/"?Q&"?U"XV?X?V&%?<"&?"&^'"_'<'U%&)"&^(&"&^')&(&Q&'")''b)"&?"XV?Z%;'/a""L;(%"&0''"(T)?" -8.,/$ "Z/"K.**95#$ 9"+3-"./"0/"#h#9"2#3"1#hh24"1XTQV(T%&\"?X%<%?<4"1(XXT\K%<=" )&V%Y&" )YVQ&%<\" (<;" U%<;%<=" V'T'Z(<&" &^'" T(Yb" ?U" ("`)%=<%U%Y(<&"%WX%<='W'<&a"?<")X''Y^4/

H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" )&(<;(V;)" (XXT%';" %<" &^%)" ](\" (V';%UU%YQT&" _Q&" <?&" %WX?))%_T'" &?" )(&%)U\/" IXXT\%<=" `)&V%Y&

)YVQ&%<\a"&^'"$?QV&"^()"QX^'T;"V')&V%Y&%?<)"?<")X''Y^"&^(&9U?V" 'f(WXT'9" _(<" &^'" &'(Y^%<="?U"X'(Y'UQT" ;%)XQ&'" V')?TQK&%?<"&?"("=V?QX"?<"&^'"0&(&'"B'X(V&W'<&e)"T%)&"?U"&'VV?V%)&?V=(<%p(&%?<)9"A/3%*. 9"+,#"./"0/9"(&"!!!"1)T%X"?X/9"(&"22Aj-4i"_Q&"YU/"(%"9"(&"!!!"1)T%X"?X/9"(&"#4"1567876 9":/9";%))'<&%<=49"(<;" T%W%&" )X''Y^" <'(V" X?TT%<=" XT(Y')9" -8.,/$ 9",8G.# 9" (&"2#3A2##" 1XTQV(T%&\" ?X%<%?<4/" I<;" (XXT\%<=" T'))" YT'(VT\;'U%<';"_Q&")&%TT"V%=?V?Q)")&(<;(V;)9"&^'"$?QV&"^()"(TT?]';"0&(&')" &?" V'dQ%V'" ;%)YT?)QV'" ?U" X'&%&%?<" )%=<'V)9" Q/* " Z/"P**%9" +,#" ./"0/" !!!"123#349" (<;"&?" %WX?)'"Y(WX(%=<"Y?<K&V%_Q&%?<" T%W%&)" & (&" ]'V'" ` kYT?)'T\" ;V(]<e" &?" W(&Y^" (k)QUU%Y%'<&T\"%WX?V&(<&"%<&'V')&9e a"=(R/$ "Z/"+4.($1&7(,,/8.(&:/!*.$5*$)&6HI 9"+2@"./"0/"jRR9"j@RAj@@"123334/"

C?V'?Z'V9"(T&^?Q=^"&^'"$?QV&";%;"<?&")X'Y%U\"&^'"`T'Z'T"

Page 67: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 67/92

#3" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

?U")YVQ&%<\a"%&"(XXT%';"%<":($,;*.< 9"]'"^(Z'")Q_)'dQ'<&T\;')YV%_';" &^(&" Y()'" ()" U%<;%<=" (" `Y?WX'TT%<=" %<&'V')&a" %<"XV?&'Y&%<="Y^%T;V'<"UV?W"^(VW")QUU%Y%'<&"&?"cQ)&%U\"T%W%&(K&%?<)"?<")X''Y^/""0''" +#;3*&I/558$(0#)(/$,&/J&I#3"D&L$0" "Z/"KII 9"-h2"./"0/"##+9"#2,"1#h@h4/"" 0%<Y'"&^'"$?QV&"%<":($,9;*.< " )X'Y%U%';" & (&" & '" )&(&Q&'e)" XV?^%_%&%?<" (XXT%';" &?W(&'V%(T"&^(&"]()"$/)&?_)Y'<'9"jh3"./"0/9"(&",j-9"L"Y(<<?&";%)W%))":($,;*.< "?<"&^'"=V?Q<;"&^(&"%&"Y?<Y'V<';"?_)Y'<K%&\/" 5Q&"YU/"#$)* 9"(&","1W(c?V%&\"?X%<%?<4/"">?V"<'';"L";'KX'<;" QX?<" & '" U(Y&" & (&" & '" $?QV&" %<":($,;*.< " %<)%)&';"?<T\"&^(&"&^'"T'=%)T(&QV'"^(Z'"("`V(&%?<(Ta"_()%)"U?V"U%<;%<="& '" ;'X%Y&%?<)" & 'V'" (&" %))Q'" ^(VWUQT" &?" Y^%T;V'</" " jh3"./"0/9" (&" ,jh/" H?V" %<" &^%)" Y()'9" $(T%U?V<%(" ^()" )Q_)&(<K&%(&';" %&)" YT(%W" ?U" ^(VW" ]%&^" Y?<)%;'V(_T\" )&V?<='V'Z%;'<Y'/"

I"$(T%U?V<%(e)"T(]"%WX?)')"<?"W?V'"&^(<"("W?;')&"V')&V%YK

&%?<" ?<" 'fXV'))%?</" " M '" )&(&Q&'" XV'Z'<&)" <?" ?<'" UV?W"XT(\%<="("Z%;'?"=(W'9"%&"XV'Z'<&)"<?"(;QT&"UV?W"_Q\%<="(Z%;'?" =(W'9" (<;" %&" XV'Z'<&)" <?" Y^%T;" ?V" (;?T')Y'<&" UV?W"?_&(%<%<=" (" =(W'" XV?Z%;';" (" X(V'<&" %)" ]%TT%<=" &?" ^'TX/"g#R-,/#1Y4/" ITT" %&" XV'Z'<&)" %)" (" Y^%T;" ?V" (;?T')Y'<&" UV?W"_Q\%<=9" ]%&^?Q&" (" X(V'<&e)" ())%)&(<Y'9" (" =VQ')?W'T\" Z%?KT'<&"Z%;'?"=(W'"?U"("b%<;"&^(&"&^'"%<;Q)&V\"(),*3J "&'TT)"Q)"%&"](<&)"&?"b''X"?Q&"?U"&^'"^(<;)"?U"&^?)'"Q<;'V"&^'"(='"?U"#R/" 0''"5V%'U"U?V"6')X?<;'<&)"@/

>?V" %)" & '" )&(&Q&'9" %U" QX^'T;9" T%b'T\" &?" YV'(&'" (" XV'Y'K;'<&"&^(&"]?QT;"(;Z'V)'T\"(UU'Y&"?& 'V"W';%(9")(\"U%TW)9"?V"Z%;'?)9"?V"_??b)/""I"&\X%Y(T"Z%;'?"=(W'"%<Z?TZ')"(")%=<%U%KY(<&" (W?Q<&" ?U" X \)%Y(T" (Y&%Z%&\/" " 0''"#$)* 9" (&" #jA#-"1I JLME 9":/9"Y?<YQVV%<="%<"cQ;=W'<&4"1Y%&%<="'f(WXT')"?U"&^'"%<YV'()%<=" %<&'V(Y&%Z%&\" ?U" Z%;'?" =(W'" Y?<&V?TT'V)4/" " I<;"XQ)^%<="_Q&&?<)"&^(&"(Y^%'Z'"(<"%<&'V(Y&%Z'9"Z%V&Q(T"U?VW"

?U" &(V='&"XV(Y&%Y'" 1Q)%<=" %W(=')"?U" ^QW(<"_'%<=)" ()" &(VK='&)49" ]^%T'" Y?<&(%<%<=" (<" 'fXV'))%Z'" Y?WX?<'<&9" %)" <?&"

Page 68: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 68/92

##"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

cQ)&"T%b'"](&Y^%<="("&\X%Y(T"W?Z%'/" 0''"($J.# 9"(&"#-/"

5"M^'"%<&'V')&"&^(&"$(T%U?V<%("(;Z(<Y')"%<")QXX?V&"?U"&^'

)&(&Q&'" %)" Y?WX'TT%<=/" I)" &^%)" $?QV&" ^()" XV'Z%?Q)T\" ;'K)YV%_';" & (&" %<&'V')&9" %&" Y?<)%)&)" ?U" _?& " 1#4" & '" `_()%YaX(V'<&(T" YT(%W" `&?" (Q&^?V%&\" %<" & '%V" ?]<" ^?Q)'^?T;" &?";%V'Y&"&^'"V'(V%<="?U"&^'%V"Y^%T;V'<9a"]^%Y^"W(b')"%&"XV?X'V&?" '<(Y&" `T(])" ;')%=<';" &?" (%;" ;%)Y^(V='" ?U" PX(V'<&(TSV')X?<)%_%T%&\9a"(<;"124"&^'"0&(&'e)"`%<;'X'<;'<&"%<&'V')&"%<"&^'"]'TTK_'%<="?U"%&)"\?Q&^/a"":($,;*.< 9"jh3"./"0/9"(&",jhA"

,-3/" $U/" (%"9"(&",jh9"</"R"1`kPES<'"Y(<"]'TT";%)&%<=Q%)^"T(])]^%Y^" ;?" <?&" %WX?)'" (" W?V(T%&\" ?<" Y^%T;V'<9" _Q&" ]^%Y^")QXX?V&" & '" V%=^&" ?U" X(V'<&)" &?" ;'(T" ]%& " & '" W?V(T)" ?U"& '%V" Y^%T;V'<" ()" & '\" )''" U%&ea" 1dQ?&%<=" O'<b%<9" C?V(T)"(<;" & '" $?<)&%&Q&%?<*" M '" 0%<" ?U" E_)Y'<%&\9" ,j" $?TQW/J/"6'Z/"jh#9"-#j9"</",@"1#h,j444/""I<;"]^'V'"&^')'"%<&'V')&)"]?Vb" %<" &(<;'W9" %&" %)" <?&" U(&(TT\" `Q<;'V%<YTQ)%Z'a" U?V" ("0&(&'" &?" (;Z(<Y'" %&)" %<&'V')&)" %<" XV?&'Y&%<=" Y^%T;V'<"(=(%<)&"&^'")X'Y%(T"^(VW)"XV')'<&"%<"(<"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"Z%;'?"=(W'" W';%QW" &^V?Q=^" (" ;'U(QT&" VQT'" & (&" )&%TT" (TT?])X(V'<&)"&?"XV?Z%;'"&^'%V"Y^%T;V'<"]%&^"]^(&"&^'%V"X(V'<&)"]%)^/"

5?&^"%<&'V')&)"(V'"XV')'<&"^'V'/"I)"&?"&^'"<'';"&?"^'TX"X(V'<&)" =Q%;'" & '%V" Y^%T;V'<9" & '" $?QV&" <?&';" %<" #h,@&^(&" `kX(V'<&(T" Y?<&V?T" ?V" =Q%;(<Y'" Y(<<?&" (T](\)" _'XV?Z%;';/e a" jh3" ./"0/9" (&" ,-3/" " M?;(\9" +/j" W%TT%?<" =V(;'K)Y^??TK(='" Y^%T;V'<" ?U" ]?Vb%<=" X(V'<&)" (V'" V?Q&%<'T\"^?W'" (T?<'/" 0''" B'X&/" ?U" $?WW'VY'9" $'<)Q)" 5QV'(Q9F^?e)" C%<;%<=" & '" q%;)l" " $^%T;" $(V'" IVV(<='W'<&)*"0XV%<=" 233+m0QWW'V" 233,9" X/#2" 123#349" ?<T%<'" (&" ^&&X*mm]]]/Y'<)Q)/=?ZmXV?;m23#3XQ_)mXR3K#2#/X;U/""M^Q)9"%&"^()9"%U" (<\&^%<=9" _'Y?W'" W?V'" %WX?V&(<&" &?" )QXXT'W'<&" X(VK'<&)e"(Q&^?V%&\"&?"=Q%;'"&^'%V"Y^%T;V'<e)";'Z'T?XW'<&/

I)"&?"&^'"0&(&'e)"%<;'X'<;'<&"%<&'V')&9"]'"^(Z'"X?%<&';"?Q&"&^(&"cQZ'<%T')"(V'"W?V'"T%b'T\"&?")^?]"("`kT(Yb"?U"W(K

Page 69: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 69/92

#2" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

&QV%&\e a" (<;" (V'" `W?V'" ZQT<'V(_T'" ?V" )Q)Y'X&%_T'" &?"<'=(K&%Z'" %<UTQ'<Y')" (<;" ?Q&)%;'" XV'))QV')9a" (<;" & (&" & '%V`Y^(V(Y&'V"/"/"/"%)"<?&"()"]'TT"U?VW';"()"&^(&"?U"(<"(;QT&/a"P/G*. "Z/"+(55/$, 9"+-j"./"0/"++#9"+,hA+R3"1233+4/""I<;"]'"^(Z'" & 'V'U?V'" V'Y?=<%p';" `(" Y?WX'TT%<=" %<&'V')&" %<" XV?K&'Y&%<=" & '" X^\)%Y(T" (<;" X)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" ]'TTK_'%<=" ?U" W%K<?V)/a" +#;3*&I/558$(0#)(/$, 9",8G.# 9"(&"#2,/"

I&" & '" )(W'" &%W'9" & 'V'" %)" Y?<)%;'V(_T'" 'Z%;'<Y'" &^(&"$(T%U?V<%(e)" )&(&Q&'" )%=<%U%Y(<&T\" UQV& 'V)" &^%)" Y?WX'TT%<="%<&'V')&/" M^(&"%)9"%<"X(V&9"_'Y(Q)'"Z%;'?"=(W')"(V'"'fY'TKT'<&"&'(Y^%<="&??T)/" J'(V<%<="("XV(Y&%Y(T"&()b"?U&'<"W'(<)";'Z'T?X%<="^(_%&)9"_'Y?W%<="(YYQ)&?W';"&?"X'VU?VW%<="&^'&()b9"(<;"V'Y'%Z%<="X?)%&%Z'"V'%<U?VY'W'<&"]^'<"X'VU?VWK%<="&^(&"&()b"]'TT/" G%;'?"=(W')"Y(<"^'TX";'Z'T?X"^(_%&)9(YYQ)&?W" & '" XT(\'V" &?" X'VU?VW(<Y'" ?U" & '" &()b9" (<;"V'](V;" & '" XT(\'V" U?V" X'VU?VW%<=" & (&" &()b" ]'TT/" " F^\'T)'" ]?QT;" & '" IVW';" H?VY')" %<Y?VX?V(&'" Z%;'?" =(W')"%<&?"%&)" &V(%<%<=l" 0''"$>>9"F(V" D(W')*"C%T%&(V\"MV(%<K%<=" D?')" O%=^KM'Y^" 1>?Z/" 229" 233#49" ?<T%<'" (&"^&&X*mm(V&%YT')/Y<</Y?Wm233#A##A2m&'Y^m2](V/=(W')!#!%Y&K"_%TTK)](V&?Q&KV'(TK]?VT;K&V(%<%<=l!)rNC*M7$O/"

F '<" & '" W%T%&(V\" Q)')" Z%;'?" =(W')" &?" ^'TX" )?T;%'V)"

&V(%<"U?V"W%))%?<)9"%&"%)"Q)%<="&^%)"W';%QW"U?V"("_'<'U%Y%(T"XQVX?)'/" 5Q&" $(T%U?V<%(" (V=Q')" &^(&" ] '<" & '" &'(Y^%<=U'(&QV')" ?U" Z%;'?" =(W')" (V'" XQ&" &?" T'))" ;')%V(_T'" '<;)9"^(VW" Y(<" '<)Q'/" L<"X(V&%YQT(V9" 'f&V'W'T\"Z%?T'<&" =(W')Y(<" ^(VW"Y^%T;V'<"_\" V'](V;%<="&^'W"U?V" _'%<="Z%?T'<&T\"(==V'))%Z'"%<"XT(\9"(<;"&^'V'_\"?U&'<"&'(Y^%<="&^'W"&?"_'Z%?T'<&T\" (==V'))%Z'" %<" T%U'/" I<;" Z%;'?" =(W')" Y(<" Y(Q)'"W?V'" ^(VW" %<" &^%)" V')X'Y&" &^(<" Y(<" &\X%Y(TT\" X())%Z'W';%(9")QY^"()"_??b)"?V"U%TW)"?V"&'T'Z%)%?<"XV?=V(W)/"

M^'V'" (V'" W(<\" )Y%'<&%U%Y")&Q;%')" &^(&" )QXX?V&" $(T%U?VK<%(e)" Z%'])/" " 0?Y%(T" )Y%'<&%)&)9" U?V" 'f(WXT'9" ^(Z'" U?Q<;"0#8,#3 "'Z%;'<Y'"&^(&"XT(\%<="&^')'"=(W')"V')QT&)"%<"^(VW/"J?<=%&Q;%<(T" )&Q;%')9" ]^%Y^" W'()QV'" Y^(<=')" ?Z'V" &%W'9^(Z'"U?Q<;"&^(&"%<YV'()';"'fX?)QV'"&?"Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W')"

Page 70: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 70/92

Page 71: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 71/92

#-" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

Y?=<%&%?<9"(<;"(==V'))%Z'"(UU'Y&9a"(<;"&^(&"`XT(\%<="Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W')"%)"(" 0#8,#3 "V%)b"U(Y&?V"U?V"T?<=K&'VW"^(VWUQT?Q&Y?W')/a" I<;'V)?<"'&"(T/9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"7UU'Y&)"?<" I==V'))%?<9" 7WX(&^\9" (<;"NV?)?Y%(T"5'^(Z%?V" %<"7()&'V<(<;" F')&'V<" $?Q<&V%')*" I" C'&(KI<(T\&%Y" 6'Z%']9" #j,"N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" 5QTT'&%<" #+#9" #,R9" #,h" 123#34" 1'WX^()%)(;;';4/

0?W'"?U"&^')'")&Q;%')"&(b'"Y(V'"&?"'fXT(%<"%<"("Y?WW?<K")'<)'"](\"]^\"Z%;'?"=(W')"(V'"X?&'<&%(TT\"W?V'"^(VWUQT&^(<9" )(\9" U%TW)" ?V" _??b)" ?V" &'T'Z%)%?</" " L<" '))'<Y'9" & '\")(\"&^(&"&^'"YT?)'V"("Y^%T;e)"_'^(Z%?V"Y?W')9"<?&"&?"](&Y^K%<=9" _Q&" &?"#0)($< " ?Q&" ^?VV%U%Y" Z%?T'<Y'9" & '" =V'(&'V" & '"X?&'<&%(T" X)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" ^(VW/" 0''" 5Q)^W(<" n" OQ')KW(<<9" I==V'))%?<9" %<" 2" O(<;_??b" ?U" 0?Y%(T" N)Y\ ?T?=\"@jj9"@+#"10/"H%)b'9"B/"D%T_'V&9"n"D/"J%<;p'\"';)/9"+&^"';/"23#34" 1Z%;'?" =(W')" )&%WQT(&'" W?V'" (==V'))%?<" _'Y(Q)'`PXS'?XT'" T'(V<" _'&&'V" ] '<" & '\" (V'" (Y&%Z'T\" %<Z?TZ';9a"XT(\'V)" (V'" `W?V'" T%b'T\" &?" %;'<&%U\" ]%&^" Z%?T'<&" Y^(V(YK&'V)9a" (<;" `Z%?T'<&" =(W')" ;%V'Y&T\" V'](V;" Z%?T'<&" _'^(ZK%?Va4i"N?TW(<9";'"$()&V?9"n"Z(<"Ib'<9"7fX'V%W'<&(T"0&Q;\"?U" & '" B%UU'V'<&%(T" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" NT(\%<=" G'V)Q)" F(&Y^%<=" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" $^%T;V'<e)" I==V'))%Z'" 5'^(Z%?V9

j-" I==V'))%Z'" 5' (Z%?V" 2+," 1233@4" 1U%<;%<=" =V'(&'V" (=K=V'))%?<"V')QT&%<="UV?W"XT(\%<=9"()"?XX?)';"&?"](&Y^%<=9"(Z%?T'<&" =(W'4i" $/" I<;'V)?<9" B/" D'<&%T'9" n" q/" 5QYbT'\9 G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W'" 7UU'Y&)" ?<"$^%T;V'<"(<;" I;?T')Y'<&)"#j,A#jR"1233R4"1&^V''")&Q;%')"U%<;%<="=V'(&'V"'UU'Y&)"UV?W"=(W')"()"?XX?)';"&?"&'T'Z%)%?<4/" 0''"(T)?" ($J.# 9"(&"#+A#,"1)&(&'W'<&)"?U" 'fX'V&"XQ_T%Y" ^'(T&^" ())?Y%(&%?<)"(=V''%<="&^(&"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"=(W')"Y(<"_'"W?V'"^(VWUQT"&^(<"`X())%Z'aW';%(" T%b'" &'T'Z%)%?<4i"#$)* 9" (&" #2A#R" 1I JLME 9" :/9" Y?<YQVKV%<="%<"cQ;=W'<&4/

7fX'V&)";'_(&'"&^'"Y?<YTQ)%?<)"?U"(TT"&^')'")&Q;%')/"J%b'W(<\9" X'V^(X)" W?)&9" )&Q;%')" ?U" ^QW(<" _' (Z%?V9" '(Y^)&Q;\" ^()" %&)" YV%&%Y)9"(<;" )?W'" ?U" &^?)'" YV%&%Y)" ^(Z'"XV?K;QY';" )&Q;%')" ?U" &^'%V"?]<" %<"]^%Y^"&^'\" V'(Y^" ;%UU'V'<&"

Page 72: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 72/92

Page 73: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 73/92

#," 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

^&&X*mm]]]/(X(/?V=m(_?Q&m=?Z'V<(<Y'mY?Q<Y%TmX?T%Y\m"%<&'V(Y&%Z'KW';%(/X;U/"

M^'"I))?Y%(&%?<"(;;';*"

`PMS '"XV(Y&%Y'9"V'X'&%&%?<9"(<;"V'](V;)"U?V"(Y&)"?U"Z%?KT'<Y'"W(\"_'" 5/.*&0/$%80(!* "&?"%<YV'()%<="(==V'))%Z'_' (Z%?V" (W?<=" Y^%T;V'<" (<;" \?Q&^" &^(<" X())%Z'T\"](&Y^%<="Z%?T'<Y'"?<"MG"(<;"%<"U%TW)/a""L;(%""1'WX^(K)%)"(;;';4/"

H?QV"\'(V)"(U&'V"&^(&9"%<"233h9"&^'"IW'V%Y(<"IY(;'W\"?U N';%(&V%Y)" %))Q';" (" )&(&'W'<&" %<" )%=<%U%Y(<&" X(V&" (_?Q&%<&'V(Y&%Z'"W';%(/""L&")(%;*"

`0&Q;%')" ?U" &^')'" V(X%;T\" =V?]%<=" (<;" 'Z'VKW?V'K)?X^%)&%Y(&';"&\X')" ?U" W';%(" ^(Z'" %<;%Y(&';" &^(&" &^'"'UU'Y&)" ?U" Y^%T;K%<%&%(&';" Z%V&Q(T" Z%?T'<Y'" W(\"_'"*!*$&5/.*& G./J/8$%& )4#$& )4/,*& /J& G#,,(!*& 5*%(#& )QY^" ()"&'T'Z%)%?</" L<" W(<\" =(W')" & '" Y^%T;" ?V" &''<(='V" %)"k'W_';;';e"%<"&^'"=(W'"(<;"Q)')"("kc?\)&%Ybe"1^(<;^'T;"Y?<&V?TT'V4"&^(&"'<^(<Y')"_?&^"&^'"'fX'V%'<Y'"(<;"&^'"(==V'))%Z'" U''T%<=)/a" N?T%Y\" 0&(&'W'<&oC';%(" G%?KT'<Y'9" #2-" N';%(&V%Y)" #-h+9" #-h@" 1233h4" 1'WX^()%)"(;;';4/"

L&"(;;';*"

`$?VV'T(&%?<(T" (<;" 'fX'V%W'<&(T" )&Q;%')" ^(Z'" V'KZ'(T';" &^(&" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')" T'(;" &?" %<YV'()')" %<(==V'))%Z'" _'^(Z%?V" (<;" (==V'))%Z'" &^%<b%<=" (<;" ;'KYV'()')" %<" XV?)?Y%(T" _' (Z%?V/" 6'Y'<&" T?<=%&Q;%<(T")&Q;%')"/"/"/"^(Z'"V'Z'(T';"&^(&"%<"()"T%&&T'"()"j"W?<&^)9"^%=^"'fX?)QV'"&?"Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W')"%<YV'()';"X^\)%KY(T" (==V'))%?</" E& 'V"V'Y'<&"T?<=%&Q;%<(T")&Q;%')" /" /" /^(Z'" V'Z'(T';" )%W%T(V" 'UU'Y&)" (YV?))" 2" \'(V)/a" " L;(%"&1U??&<?&')"?W%&&';4/"

.<T%b'" &^'" W(c?V%&\9"L" ]?QT;"U%<;" )QUU%Y%'<&" =V?Q<;)"%<&^')'")&Q;%')"(<;"'fX'V&"?X%<%?<)"U?V"&^%)"$?QV&"&?";'U'V"&?"

Page 74: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 74/92

#R"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

(<"'T'Y&';"T'=%)T(&QV'e)"Y?<YTQ)%?<"&^(&"&^'"Z%;'?"=(W')"%<dQ')&%?<" (V'" X(V&%YQT(VT\" T%b'T\" &?" ^(VW" Y^%T;V'</" " M^%)"$?QV&" ^()" (T](\)" &^?Q=^&" %&" ?]';" (<" 'T'Y&';" T'=%)T(&QV')?W'" ;'=V''" ?U";'U'V'<Y'"%<"V')X'Y&"&?"T'=%)T(&%Z'"U(Y&)"?U &^%)" b%<;9" X(V&%YQT(VT\" ]^'<" &^'\" %<Z?TZ'" &'Y^<%Y(T" W(&K&'V)" &^(&" (V'" _'\?<;" ?QV" Y?WX'&'<Y'9" (<;" 'Z'<" %<" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&"Y()')/" 0''" A/3%*. 9"+,#"./"0/9"(&"!!!"1)T%X"?X/9"(&"2@A2h4"1;'U'VV%<=9"]^%T'"(XXT\%<=")&V%Y&")YVQ&%<\9"&?"&^'D?Z'V<W'<&e)" <(&%?<(T" )'YQV%&\" cQ;=W'<&)4i"S8.$*.& -./#%0#,)($<&+@,)*5D&L$0" "Z/"KII 9"+23"./"0/"#@39"#h+A#h,"1#hhR4"1;'U'VV%<=9"]^%T'"(XXT\%<="%<&'VW';%(&'")YVQ&%<\9"&?"&^'"D?Z'V<W'<&e)"&'Y^<?T?=%Y(T"cQ;=W'<&)4/""M^'"W(c?V%&\9%<"V'(Y^%<="%&)"?]<9"?XX?)%&'"Y?<YTQ)%?<"(_?Q&"&^'"Z(T%;%&\"?U"&^'"V'T'Z(<&")&Q;%')9"=V(<&)"&^'"T'=%)T(&QV'"<?";'U'V'<Y'"(&"(TT/" $?WX(V'"#$)* 9"(&"#2A#j"1)&(&%<="&^(&"&^'")&Q;%')";?<?&" XV?Z%;'" 'Z%;'<Y'" & (&" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')" `Y(Q)'a^(VW" 1'WX^()%)" ;'T'&';449" ]%&^" ,8G.# 9" (&" #2A#j" 1Y%&%<="T?<=%&Q;%<(T")&Q;%')"U%<;%<="Y(Q)(&%?<4/"

$"L"Y(<"U%<;"<?"`T'))"V')&V%Y&%Z'a"(T&'V<(&%Z'"&?"$(T%U?V<%(e)"

T(]" &^(&" ]?QT;" _'" `(&" T'()&" ()" 'UU'Y&%Z'/a" 0''" P*$/ 9" +2#"./"0/9"(&"@R-/" M^'"W(c?V%&\"X?%<&)"&?"("Z?TQ<&(V\"(T&'V<(K&%Z'*" M '" %<;Q)&V\" &V%')" &?" XV'Z'<&" &^?)'" Q<;'V" #R" UV?W_Q\%<=" 'f&V'W'T\" Z%?T'<&" =(W')" _\" T(_'T%<=" &^?)'" =(W')"]%&^"(<"`Ca"1C(&QV'4"(<;"'<Y?QV(=%<="V'&(%T'V)"&?"V')&V%Y&&^'%V")(T')"&?"&^?)'"#R"(<;"?T;'V/""0''" #$)* 9"(&"#+A#,/" 5Q&"&^%)" Z?TQ<&(V\" )\)&'W" ^()" )'V%?Q)" '<U?VY'W'<&" =(X)/F '<" $(T%U?V<%(" '<(Y&';" %&)" T(]9" (" H';'V(T" MV(;'" $?WKW%))%?<"1HM$4")&Q;\"^(;"U?Q<;"&^(&"<'(VT\"R3v"?U"Q<(YKY?WX(<%';" #jK" &?" #,K\'(VK?T;)" ]'V'" (_T'" &?" _Q\" CKV(&';"Z%;'?" =(W')/" HM$9" C(Vb'&%<=" G%?T'<&" 7<&'V&(%<W'<&" &?"$^%T;V'<" 2R" 1233-49" ?<T%<'" (&" &&X*mm]]]/U&Y/=?Zm?)m233-m"3Rm3-3R3@b%;)Z%?T'<Y'VX&/X;U/" 0Q_)'dQ'<&T\" & '" Z?TQ<K

&(V\" XV?=V(W" ^()" _'Y?W'" W?V'" 'UU'Y&%Z'/" " 5Q&" ()" ?U"& '" HM$e)" W?)&" V'Y'<&" QX;(&'" &?" $?<=V'))9" 23v" ?U" &^?)'"

Page 75: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 75/92

#@" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

Q<;'V"#R"(V'")&%TT"(_T'"&?"_Q\"CKV(&';"Z%;'?"=(W')9"(<;9_V'(b%<=" ;?]<" )(T')" _\" )&?V'9" ?<'" U%<;)" &^(&" &^%)" <QWK"_'V" V%)')" &?"<'(VT\" +3v"%<"&^'" Y()'" ?U"?<'"T(V='"<(&%?<(T"Y^(%</" HM$9" C(Vb'&%<=" G%?T'<&" 7<&'V&(%<W'<&" &?" $^%TK";V'<" 2@" 1233h49" ?<T%<'" (&"&&X*mm]]]/U&Y/=?Zm?)m233hm#2m"Nhh-+##Z%?T'<&'<&'V&(%<W'<&/X;U/" I<;"&^'"%<;Q)&V\"Y?QT;"'()%T\" V'Z'V&" _(Yb" &?" &^'" )Q_)&(<&%(T" <?<Y?WXT%(<Y'" &^(&"'f%)&';" %<" 233-9" X(V&%YQT(VT\" (U&'V" &?;(\e)" _V?(;" VQT%<="V';QY')"&^'"%<;Q)&V\e)"%<Y'<&%Z'"&?"X?T%Y'"%&)'TU/"

M^'"%<;Q)&V\"(T)?"(V=Q')"U?V"(<"(T&'V<(&%Z'"&'Y^<?T?=%Y(T)?TQ&%?<9" <(W'T\" `U%T&'V%<=" (&" & '" Y?<)?T'" T'Z'T/a" " 5V%'U"U?V" 6')X?<;'<&)" +j/" 5Q&" %&" &(b')" ?<T\" (" dQ%Yb" )'(VY^" ?U"& '" L<&'V<'&" &?" U%<;" =Q%;')" 'fXT(%<%<=" ^?]" &?" Y%VYQWKZ'<&" (<\" )QY " &'Y^<?T?=%Y(T" Y?<&V?T)/" " 8?QMQ_'" Z%']'V)9"U?V" 'f(WXT'9" ^(Z'" ](&Y^';" ?<'" ?U" &^?)'" =Q%;')" 1Y(TT';"`O?]"&?"_\X())"X(V'<&(T"Y?<&V?T)"?<"&^'"w_?f"j,3a4"W?V'&^(<"-R9333"&%W')/" 0''" ^&&X*mm]]]/\?Q&Q_'/Y?Wm](&Y^lZr "$HTGUGWZ>,b/"

LG"M^'"QX)^?&"%)"&^(&"$(T%U?V<%(e)")&(&Q&'9"()"(XXT%';"&?"%&)"

^'(V&T(<;"?U"(XXT%Y(&%?<)"1("*"D"_Q\'V)"Q<;'V"#Ri"'f&V'W'T\"Z%?T'<&9" V'(T%)&%Y" Z%;'?" =(W')49" %WX?)')" (" V')&V%Y&%?<" ?<")X''Y^"& (&"%)"W?;')&"(&"W?)&/" M^(&"V')&V%Y&%?<"%)"cQ)&%U%';"_\"("Y?WX'TT%<="%<&'V')&"1)QXXT'W'<&%<="X(V'<&)e"'UU?V&)"&?XV'Z'<&"&^'%V"Y^%T;V'<"UV?W"XQVY^()%<="X?&'<&%(TT\"^(VWKUQT"Z%?T'<&9"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"W(&'V%(T4/""I<;"&^'V'"%)"<?"'dQ(TT\"'UU'Y&%Z'9" T'))" V')&V%Y&%Z'"(T&'V<(&%Z'/"" $(T%U?V<%(e)")&(&Q&'"%)"Y?<)'dQ'<&T\"Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(T"?<"%&)"U(Y'o&^?Q=^"T%&%=(<&)V'W(%<"UV''"&?"Y^(TT'<='"&^'")&(&Q&'"()"(XXT%';"%<"X(V&%YQKT(V"%<)&(<Y')9"%<YTQ;%<="(<\"'UU?V&"_\"&^'"0&(&'"&?"(XXT\"%&&?"W%<?V)"(=';"#R/"

L" (;;"&^(&" &^'" W(c?V%&\e)" ;%UU'V'<&" Y?<YTQ)%?<" YV'(&')" ()'V%?Q)" (<?W(T\" %<" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" T(]/" " :($,;*.<

W(b')"YT'(V"&^(&"("0&(&'"Y(<"XV?^%_%&"&^'")(T'"&?"W%<?V)"?U ;'X%Y&%?<)" ?U" <Q;%&\i" &?;(\" &^'" $?QV&" W(b')" YT'(V"&^(&" ("

Page 76: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 76/92

#h"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

5 67876 9":/9";%))'<&%<="

0&(&'"Y(<<?&" XV?^%_%&" &^'" )(T'" &?"W%<?V)"?U" & '" W?)&" Z%?KT'<&"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"Z%;'?"=(W')/" 5Q&"]^(&")'<)'";?')"%&"W(b'"&?"U?V_%;" )'TT%<=" &?"(" #jK\'(VK?T;" _?\"(" W(=(p%<'" ]%&^"(<"%W(='"?U"("<Q;'"]?W(<9"]^%T'"XV?&'Y&%<="(")(T'"&?"&^(&"#jK\'(VK?T;"?U"(<"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"Z%;'?"=(W'"%<"]^%Y^"^'"(Y&%Z'T\9_Q&" Z%V&Q(TT\9" _%<;)" (<;" =(=)" & '" ]?W(<9" & '<" &?V&QV')(<;" b%TT)" ^'Vl" " F (&" b%<;" ?U" H%V)&" IW'<;W'<&" ]?QT;"X'VW%&" & '" =?Z'V<W'<&" &?" XV?&'Y&" Y^%T;V'<" _\" V')&V%Y&K"%<=")(T')"?U"&^(&"'f&V'W'T\"Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?" =(W'"/$3@"]^'<"&^'" ]?W(<o_?Q<;9" =(==';9"&?V&QV';9" (<;" b%TT';o%)" (T)?&?XT'))l

M^%)"(<?W(T\"%)"<?&"Y?WX'TT';"_\"&^'"H%V)&"IW'<;W'<&/"L&" ;%)(XX'(V)" ?<Y'" ?<'" V'Y?=<%p')" &^(&" 'f&V'W'" Z%?T'<Y'9"]^'V'"%<&'V(Y&%Z'9"(<;" >()4/8)&3()*.#.@D&#.)(,)(0D&/.&,(5(3#.& C8,)(J(0#)(/$ 9"Y(<"XV?Z'"(&"T'()&"()9"%U"<?&"W?V'9"^(VWUQT"&?Y^%T;V'<"()"X^?&?=V(X^)"?U"<Q;%&\/""I<;"&^'"V'Y?V;"^'V'"%)"W?V'"&^(<"(;'dQ(&'"&?")QXX?V&")QY^"("Z%']/" M^(&"%)"]^\"L"_'T%'Z'"&^(&":($,;*.<& Y?<&V?T)"&^'"?Q&Y?W'"^'V'"#&J/.)(/.("& I<;"%&"%)"]^\"L"_'T%'Z'"$(T%U?V<%(e)"T(]"%)"Y?<)&%&Q&%?<(T"?<%&)"U(Y'/"

M^%)" Y()'" %)"QT&%W(&'T\"T'))" (_?Q&"Y'<)?V) %X" &^(<"%&"%)(_?Q&" ';QY(&%?</" EQV" $?<)&%&Q&%?<" Y(<<?&" )QYY'';" %<"

)'YQV%<=" & '" T%_'V&%')" %&" )''b)" &?" XV?&'Y&" Q<T'))" ]'" Y(<V(%)'"UQ&QV'"='<'V(&%?<)"Y?WW%&&';"Y??X'V(&%Z'T\"&?"W(bK%<="?QV")\)&'W"?U"=?Z'V<W'<&"]?Vb/" 7;QY(&%?<9"^?]'Z'V9"%)" (_?Q&" Y^?%Y')/" 0?W'&%W')9" Y^%T;V'<" <'';" &?" T'(V<" _\W(b%<=" Y^?%Y')"U?V" &^'W)'TZ')/" " E& 'V"&%W')9"Y^?%Y')" (V'"W(;'" U?V" Y^%T;V'<o_\" & '%V" X(V'<&)9" _\" & '%V" &'(Y^'V)9(<;" _\" & '" X'?XT'" (Y&%<=" ;'W?YV(&%Y(TT\" &^V?Q=^" & '%V"=?Z'V<W'<&)/""L<"W\"Z%']9"&^'"H%V)&"IW'<;W'<&";?')"<?&";%)(_T'" =?Z'V<W'<&" UV?W" ^'TX%<=" X(V'<&)" W(b'" )QY^" (Y^?%Y'" ^'V'o(" Y^?%Y'" <?&" &?" ^(Z'" & '%V" Y^%T;V'<" _Q\" 'fK&V'W'T\"Z%?T'<&9"%<&'V(Y&%Z'"Z%;'?"=(W')9"]^%Y^"&^'\"W?V'"&^(<"V'()?<(_T\"U'(V"X?)'"?<T\"&^'"V%)b"?U"^(VW"&?"&^?)'"Y^%T;V'</"

H?V"&^')'"V'()?<)9"L"V')X'Y&UQTT\";%))'<&/"

Page 77: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 77/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

23" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

INN7>BLw70"F%& " & '" ())%)&(<Y'" ?U" & '" 0QXV'W'" $?QV&" J%_V(V\9" L

^(Z'"Y?WX%T';"&^')'"&]?"(XX'<;%f')"T%)&%<="X''VKV'Z%']';"(Y(;'W%Y" c?QV<(T" (V&%YT')" ?<" & '" &?X%Y" ?U" X)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"^(VW" V')QT&%<=" UV?W" XT(\%<=" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')/" " M '"T%_V(V\" Y?<;QY&';" (" )'(VY " U?V" V'T'Z(<&" (V&%YT')" ?<" & '"U?TT?]%<=" ;(&(_()')*" N)\YL>HE9" NQ_C';9" IY(;'W%Y"0'(VY^" NV'W%'V9" IV&%YT'H%V)&" 1E$J$49" (<;" B%(T?=" 1U%T')"#9R9"j-9"h@9"#2#9"#-29"#--9"#-h4/""M^'"U?TT?]%<=")'(VY^"&'VW)"]'V'" Q)';*" `1Z%;'?x" ?V"Y?WXQ&'V"?V"(VY(;'"?V" ?<T%<'4" (<;"

1=(W'x4" (<;" 1(&&(Ybx" ?V" U%=^&x" ?V" (==V'))x" ?V" Z%?T'<x" ?V"^?)&%Tx"?V"(<=x"?V"(V?Q)x"?V"XV?)?Y%(T"?V"^'TXx"?V";')'<)x?V"'WX(&^\4/a"" IU&'V"'T%W%<(&%<="%VV'T'Z(<&"W(&Y^')"_()';?<"&%&T'"?V"(_)&V(Y&9"L" Y(&'=?V%p';" &^')'" (V&%YT')" ()" '%&^'V)QXX?V&%<=" & '" ^\X?&^')%)" &^(&" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')" (V'^(VWUQT"1T%)&';"%<"IXX'<;%f"I49"?V"<?&")QXX?V&%<=mV'c'Y&%<=&^'" ^\X?&^')%)" &^(&" Z%?T'<&" Z%;'?" =(W')" (V'" ^(VWUQT"1T%)&';"%<"IXX'<;%f"54/

C(<\9"_Q&"<?&"(TT9"?U"&^')'"(V&%YT')"]'V'"(Z(%T(_T'"&?"&^'"$(T%U?V<%("J'=%)T(&QV'"?V"&^'"X(V&%')"%<"_V%'U%<="&^%)"Y()'/"L"T%)&"&^'W"_'Y(Q)'"&^'\")Q==')&"&^(&"&^'V'"%)")Q_)&(<&%(T"1&^?Q=^" Y?<&V?Z'V&';4" 'Z%;'<Y'" )QXX?V&%<=" & '" 'fX'V&())?Y%(&%?<)"?U"XQ_T%Y" ^'(T& " XV?U'))%?<(T)"&^(&" ^(Z'" Y?<KYTQ;';"&^(&"Z%?T'<&"Z%;'?"=(W')"Y(<"0#8,* "Y^%T;V'<"X)\Y^?KT?=%Y(T" ^(VW/" 0''",8G.# 9" (&" #+A#,/" " I<;" Y?<)'dQ'<&T\9&^')'")&Q;%')"^'TX"&?")Q_)&(<&%(&'"&^'"Z(T%;%&\"?U"&^'"?V%=%K<(T"cQ;=W'<&"?U"&^'"$(T%U?V<%("J'=%)T(&QV'9"()"]'TT"()"&^(&" cQ;=W'<&e)"Y?<&%<Q%<="Z(T%;%&\/"

I" I<;'V)?<"n"5Q)^W(<9"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"

I==V'))%Z'" 5'^(Z%?V9" I==V'))%Z'" $?=<%&%?<9" I==V'))%Z'" IUU'Y&9"N^\)%?T?=%Y(T"IV?Q)(T9"(<;"NV?)?Y%(T"5'^(Z%?V*"I"C'&(KI<(T\&%Y" 6'Z%']" ?U" & '" 0Y%'<&%U%Y" J%&'V(&QV'9" #2N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" 0Y%'<Y'*" :/" IW/" N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"0?Y%'&\" j+j"

Page 78: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 78/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

1233#4/ I<;'V)?<"n"B%TT9"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"I==V'))%Z'"M^?Q=^&)9"

H''T%<=)9" n" 5'^(Z%?V"%<"&^'" J(_?V(&?V\" (<;" %<"J%U'9"R@:/"N'V)?<(T%&\"n"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"RR2"123334/"

I<;'V)?<" '&"(T/9" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')*" 0X'Y%U%Y" 7UU'Y&)" ?U G%?T'<&" $?<&'<&" ?<"I==V'))%Z'" M^?Q=^&)" (<;" 5'^(Z%?V9"j," I;Z(<Y')" %<" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0?Y/" N)\Y^?T?=\" #hh1233-4/

I<;'V)?<"n"H?V;9"IUU'Y&"?U"&^'"D(W'"NT(\'V*"0^?V&KM'VW7UU'Y&)"?U"O%=^T\"(<;"C%T;T\"I==V'))%Z'"G%;'?"D(W')9"#2"N'V)?<(T%&\"n"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"5QTT/"jh3"1#h@,4/

I<;'V)?<" n" C?VV?]9" $?WX'&%&%Z'" I==V'))%?<" F%&^?Q&"L<&'V(Y&%?<*" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" $?WX'&%&%Z'" G'V)Q)" $??X'V(&%Z'"L<)&VQY&%?<)"?<"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"%<"G%;'?"D(W')9"2#N'V)?<(T%&\"n"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"5QTT/"#323"1#hh+4/

I<;'V)?<" '&"(T/9" J?<=%&Q;%<(T" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W')" ?<" I==V'))%?<" %<" :(X(<" (<;" &^'" .<%&';"0&(&')9#22"N';%(&V%Y)"'#3,R"1233@4/"

I<;'V)?<" '&"(T/9" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W'" 7UU'Y&)" ?<" I==V')K)%?<9" 7WX(&^\9" (<;" NV?)?Y%(T" 5'^(Z%?V" %<" 7()&'V<" (<;"F')&'V<" $?Q<&V%')*" I" C'&(KI<(T\&%Y" 6'Z%']9" #j," N)\KY^?T?=%Y(T"5QTT/"#+#"123#34/"

I<;'V)?<9" I<" .X;(&'" ?<" & '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" NT(\%<=" G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W')9"2R":/"I;?T')Y'<Y'"##j"1233-4/" I<;'V)?<"'&"(T/9"M^'"L<UTQ'<Y'"?U"C';%("G%?T'<Y'"?<"8?Q&^9"

-"N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"0Y%'<Y'"%<"&^'"NQ_T%Y"L<&'V')&"@#"1233j4/" I<;'V)?<" n" $(V<(='\9" $(Q)(T" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%?T'<&" 0X?V&)"

G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" I==V'))%?<*" L)" %&" $?WX'&%&%Z'<'))" ?V G%?T'<&"$?<&'<&l"-+":/"7fX'V%W'<&(T"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"Rj#"1233h4/

I<;'V)?<"n"CQVX^\9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"I==V'))%Z'5'^(Z%?V"%<"8?Q<="F?W'<9"2h"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"-2j1233j4/

IVV%(=(9"7)&'Z')9"$(V<'%V?9"n"C?<&'%V?9"G%?T'<&"$?WXQ&'VD(W')"(<;"M^'%V"7UU'Y&)"?<"0&(&'"O?)&%T%&\"(<;"N^\)%?KT?=%Y(T"IV?Q)(T9"j2"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"j+@"1233,4/"

Page 79: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 79/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

22" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

IVV%(=(9"7)&'Z')9"$(V<'%V?9"n"C?<&'%V?9"IV'"&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U .<V'(T"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"NV?<?Q<Y';"F^'<"NT(\%<="F%&^"("G%V&Q(T"6'(T%&\"0\)&'Wl"j-"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"+2#"1233@4/

5(T;(V?" '&"(T/9" I==V'))%Z'" (<;" >?<KG%?T'<&" G%;'?=(W')*"0^?V&KM'VW"N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"(<;"$(V;%?Z()YQT(V"7UU'Y&)"?<O(_%&Q(T"NT(\'V)9"23"0&V'))"n"O'(T&^*":/"L<&eT"0?Y%'&\"U?V"L<Z')&%=(&%?<"?U"0&V'))"23j"1233-4/

5(TT(V;9"O(W_\9"N(<''9"n" >%Z'<)9"6'X'(&';" 7fX?)QV'"&?" G%;'?" D(W'" NT(\" 6')QT&)" %<"B'YV'()';" 5T??;" NV'))QV'6')X?<;%<=9"@"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"j2j"1233,4/"

5(TT(V;" n" J%<'_'V='V9" G%;'?" D(W'" G%?T'<Y'" (<;" $?<U';K'V(&'"D'<;'V*"7UU'Y&)"?<"6'](V;"(<;"NQ<%)^W'<&"D%Z'<"_\"$?TT'='"C(T')9"-#"0'f"6?T')"+-#"1#hhh4/"

5(TT(V;" n" F%')&9" C?V&(T" q?W_(&" 1&W4*" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U G%?T'<&"G%;'?=(W'"NT(\"?<"C(T')e"O?)&%T%&\"(<;"$(V;%?KZ()YQT(V"6')X?<;%<=9"2,":/"IXXT%';"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"R#R1#hh,4/

5(VT'&&9" 5V(<Y^9" 6?;' 'UU'V9" n" O(VV%)9" O?]"J?<=" ;?" &^'0^?V&KM'VW" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W'" 7UU'Y&)" J()&l" j+" I=K=V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"22+"1233h4/

5(VT'&&9" 6?;' 'UU'V9" 5(T;())(V?9" O%<b%<9" n" O(VV%)9" M '"

7UU'Y&"?U"I;Z(<Y')"%<"G%;'?"D(W'"M'Y^<?T?=\"(<;"$?<K&'<&" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" $?=<%&%?<)9" O?)&%T%&\9" (<;" O'(V&"6(&'9"##"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"+-3"1233@4/

5(VT'&&9"O(VV%)9"n"5(T;())(V?9"J?<='V"8?Q"NT(\9"&^'"C?V'"O?)&%T'" 8?Q" H''T*" 7f(W%<(&%?<" ?U" H%V)&" N'V)?<"0^??&'V" G%;'?"D(W')"(<;" I==V'))%?<"BQV%<="G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\9jj"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"-@,"1233R4/

5(VT'&&9" O(VV%)9" n" 5VQ'\9" M '" 7UU'Y&" ?U" & '" IW?Q<&" ?U 5T??;"%<"("G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"?<"I==V'))%?<9"O?)&%T%&\9"(<;" IV?Q)(T9" --" :/" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0?Y/" N)\Y^?T?=\" +jh1233@4/

5(VT'&&" n" 6?;' 'UU'V9" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" 6'(T%)W" ?<" 7f&'<;';" G%?T'<&"(<;">?<Z%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\"?<"I==V'))%Z'M^?Q=^&)9" H''T%<=)9" (<;" N^\)%?T?=%Y(T" IV?Q)(T9" j+" I=K

Page 80: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 80/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2j"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

=V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"2#j"1233h4/5(VT'&&9" I<;'V)?<9" n" 0]%<=9" G%;'?" D(W'" 7UU'Y&)o"

$?<U%VW';9"0Q)X'Y&';9"(<;"0X'YQT(&%Z'*"I"6'Z%']"?U"&^'"7Z%;'<Y'9"-3"0%WQT(&%?<"n"D(W%<="jRR"1233h4/"

5(V&^?T?]9"0')&%V9"n"B(Z%)9"$?VV'T(&')"(<;"$?<)'dQ'<Y')"?U" 7fX?)QV'" &?" G%;'?" D(W'" G%?T'<Y'*" O?)&%T'" N'V)?<(TK%&\9" 7WX(&^\9" (<;" I==V'))%Z'" 5'^(Z%?V9" j#" N'V)?<(T%&\"n"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"5QTT/"#+Rj"1233+4/

5(V&^?T?]"n"I<;'V)?<9"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<" I==V'))%Z'" 5' (Z%?V*" N?&'<&%(T" 0'f" B%UU'V'<Y')9" j@" :/7fX'V%W'<&(T"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"2@j"123324/

5(V&^?T?]9" 5Q)^W(<9" n" 0')&%V9" $^V?<%Y" G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W'"7fX?)QV'"(<;"B')'<)%&%p(&%?<"&?"G%?T'<Y'*"5'^(ZK%?V(T"(<;"7Z'<&K6'T(&';"5V(%<"N?&'<&%(T"B(&(9"-2":/"7fKX'V%W'<&(T"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"+j2"1233,4/"

5TQ'Wb'9"HV%';V%Y^9"n"yQW_(Y^9"M^'"L<UTQ'<Y'"?U"G%?T'<&"(<;" >?<Z%?T'<&" $?WXQ&'V" D(W')"?<"LWXT%Y%&"C'()QV')?U"I==V'))%Z'<'))9"j,"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"#"123#34/"

5V(;\"n"C(&&^'])9"7UU'Y&)"?U"C';%("G%?T'<Y'"?<"O'(T&^K6'T(&';" EQ&Y?W')" IW?<=" 8?Q<=" C'<9" #,3" IVY^%Z')" ?U N';%(&V%Y)"n"I;?T')Y'<&"C';/"j-#"1233,4/"

5V?]<'"n" O(W%T&?<KD%(Y^V%&)%)9"M^'"L<UTQ'<Y'"?U" G%?T'<&"

C';%(" ?<" $^%T;V'<" (<;" I;?T')Y'<&)*" I" NQ_T%YKO'(T&^" IXXV?(Y^9"j,+"J(<Y'&"R32"1233+4/"5Q) W(<" n" I<;'V)?<9" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" O?)&%T'"

7fX'Y&(&%?<)*" I" M')&" ?U" &^'" D'<'V(T" I==V'))%?<" C?;'T9"2@"N'V)?<(T%&\"n"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"5QTT/"#,Rh"123324/"

5Q)^W(<" n" I<;'V)?<9" $?WU?V&(_T\">QW_*"B')'<)%&%p%<="7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"C';%("?<"O'TX%<="E&^'V)9"23"N)\Y^?KT?=%Y(T"0Y%'<Y'*":/"IW/"N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"0?Y%'&\"2Rj"1233h4/

5Q)^W(<9"6?&^)&'%<9"n"I<;'V)?<9"CQY^"I;?"I_?Q&"0?W'K&^%<=*" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W'" 7UU'Y&)" (<;" (" 0Y^??T"?U"6';"O'VV%<=*" 6'XT\" &?" H'V=Q)?<" (<;" q%T_QV<9" #j," N)\Y ?KT?=%Y(T"5QTT/"#@2"123#34/"

$(TZ'V&"n"M(<9"LWX(Y&"?U"G%V&Q(T"6'(T%&\"?<"8?Q<="I;QT&)e"N^\)%?T?=%Y(T"IV?Q)(T"(<;"I==V'))%Z'"M^?Q=^&)*"L<&'V(YK

Page 81: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 81/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2-" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

&%?<" G'V)Q)" E_)'VZ(&%?<9" #+" :/" IXXT%';" B'Z'T?XW'<&(T"N)\Y^?T?=\"#2+"1#hh-4/"

$(V<(='\9" I<;'V)?<9" n" 5(V&^?T?]9" C';%(" G%?T'<Y'" (<;"0?Y%(T" >'QV?)Y%'<Y'*">']" zQ')&%?<)" (<;">']" EXX?V&QK<%&%')9" #," $QVV'<&" B%V'Y&%?<)" %<" N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" 0Y%'<Y'#R@"1233R4/

$(V<(='\"n"I<;'V)?<9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"7fX?)QV'"(<;" I==V'))%?<*" I" J%&'V(&QV'" 6'Z%']9" -+" C%<'VZ(" N)%Y^%(&KV%Y("#"1233-4/

$(V<(='\" n" I<;'V)?<9" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" 6'](V;" (<;" NQ<K%)^W'<&" %<" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" IUU'Y&9"$?=<%&%?<9" (<;" 5' (Z%?V9" #," N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" 0Y%'<Y'*" :/" IW/"N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"0?Y%'&\"@@2"1233+4/"

$(V<(='\9" I<;'V)?<9" n" 5Q)^W(<9" M '" 7UU'Y&" ?U" G%;'?"D(W'"G%?T'<Y'"?<"N^\)%?T?=%Y(T"B')'<)%&%p(&%?<"&?"6'(TKT%U'" G%?T'<Y'9" -j" :/" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0?Y/" N)\Y^?T?=\" -@h1233R4/

$^(W_'V)"n"I)Y%?<'9"M^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"NV?)?Y%(T"(<;"I==V')K)%Z'" G%;'?=(W')" ?<" $^%T;V'<e)" B?<(&%<=" (<;" O'TX%<=9#-@":/"D'<'&%Y"N)\Y^?T?=\*"6')'(VY^"(<;"M^'?V\"?<"OQKW(<"B'Z'T?XW'<&"-hh"1#h@R4/

$^?V\" n" $%YY^%V%TT?9" M '" 6'T(&%?<)^%X" 5'&]''<" G%;'?"

D(W'" NT(\" (<;" MV(%&"G'V_(T" I==V'))%Z'<'))*" I<"IXXT%KY(&%?<"?U"&^'"D'<'V(T"I==V'))%?<"C?;'T9"2-"$?WWQ<%Y(K&%?<)"6')'(VY^"6'X?V&)"##j"1233R4/"

$%YY^%V%TT?"n"$^?V\KI))(;9"7UU'Y&)"?U"IUU'Y&%Z'"EV%'<&(&%?<"(<;" G%;'?" D(W'" NT(\" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" M^?Q=^&)" (<;" 5'K^(Z%?V)9" -h" :/" 5V?(;Y()&%<=" n" 7T'Y&V?<%Y" C';%(" -j+1233+4/

$?T]'TT"n"N(\<'9">'=(&%Z'"$?VV'T(&')"?U"$?WXQ&'V"D(W'"NT(\"%<"I;?T')Y'<&)9"h#"5V%&%)^":/"N)\Y^?T?=\"2h+"123334/"

$??X'V" n" C(Yb%'9" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" I==V'))%?<" %<" $^%TK;V'<9"#,":/"IXXT%';"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"R2,"1#h@,4/

B')'TW)" n" IT&W(<9" LWW';%(&'" (<;" NV?T?<=';" 7UU'Y&)" ?U G%;'?=(W'"G%?T'<Y'9"jj":/"IXXT%';"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"#++j"1233j4/"

Page 82: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 82/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

B%TT"n"B%TT9"G%;'?"D(W'"G%?T'<Y'*"I"6'Z%']"?U"&^'"7WX%V%KY(T" J%&'V(&QV'9" j" I==V'))%?<" n" G%?T'<&" 5' (Z%?V" -3R1#hh@4/

B? (<9" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" $^%T;V'<*" G%?T'<Y'" %<" G%;'?"D(W')9"--"8'<%"0\WX?)%QW"#,#"1233,4/"

7()&%<9" G%;'?" D(W'" G%?T'<Y'" (<;" &^'" H'W(T'" D(W'"NT(\'V*" 0'TUK"(<;" EXX?<'<&"D'<;'V"7UU'Y&)" ?<"NV')'<Y'"(<;" I==V'))%Z'" M^?Q=^&)9" j2" OQW(<" $?WWQ<%Y(&%?<6')'(VY^"j+#"1233,4/

7W')9"L)"CV"N(Y"C(<"7(&%<="EQV"$^%T;V'<l"I"6'Z%']"?U &^'"7UU'Y&"?U"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"$^%T;V'<9"-2"$(<(;%(<":/"N)\Y^%(&V\"-3h"1#hhR4/"

H(VV(V9"qVYW(V9"n">?](b9"$?<&'f&Q(T"H'(&QV')"?U"G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')9" C'<&(T" C?;'T)9" (<;" I==V'))%?<9" +," :/"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"j@R"1233,4/"

H%)Y 'V9" q()&'<W{TT'V9" n" DV'%&'W'\'V9" C';%(" G%?T'<Y'(<;"&^'"0'TU*"M^'"LWX(Y&"?U"N'V)?<(T%p';"D(W%<="$^(VK(Y&'V)"%<"I==V'))%Z'"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(ZK%?V9"-,":/"7fX'V%W'<&(T"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"#h2"123#34/"

HQ<b9" $^%T;V'<e)" 7fX?)QV'" &?" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;B')'<)%&%p(&%?<"&?"G%?T'<Y'9"#-"$^%T;"n"I;?T')Y'<&"N)\KY^%(&V%Y"$T%<%Y)">?V&^"IW/"j@R"1233+4/"

HQ<b9" G%;'?" D(W')9" #," I;?T')Y'<&" C';/" $T%<%Y)" jh+"1233+4/HQ<b9" 5(T;(YY%9" N()?T;9" n" 5(QW=(V;<'V9" G%?T'<Y'" 7fX?K

)QV'"%<"6'(TKJ%U'9"G%;'?"D(W')9"M'T'Z%)%?<9"C?Z%')9"(<;"&^'"L<&'V<'&*"L)"M^'V'"B')'<)%&%p(&%?<l"2R":/"I;?T')Y'<Y'"2j"1233-4/

HQ<b9" 5QY^W(<9" :'<b)9" n" 5'Y^&?T;&9" NT(\%<=" G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W')9"B')'<)%&%p(&%?<9"(<;"C?V(T"7Z(TQ(&%?<"%<"$^%T;V'<9" 2-" :/" IXXT%';" B'Z'T?XW'<&(T" N)\Y^?T?=\" -#j1233j4/

HQ<b" '&"(T/9" I==V'))%?<" (<;" N)\Y^?X(&^?T?=\" %<" I;?T')KY'<&)"]%&^"("NV'U'V'<Y'"U?V"G%?T'<&"7T'Y&V?<%Y"D(W')9"2@" I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"#j-"123324/

HQ<b9"5QY^W(<9" :'<b)9"n" 5'Y^&?T;&9"I<"7Z%;'<Y'K5()';"

Page 83: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 83/92

Page 84: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 84/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2R"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

0Y%'<&%U%Y"M^'?V\"(<;"6')'(VY^9"-#":/"I;?T')Y'<&"O'(T&^"0,"1233R4/

OQ')W(<<" n" M(\T?V9"M^'" 6?T'" ?U"C';%(" G%?T'<Y'" %<"G%?KT'<&"5'^(Z%?V9"2R"I<<Q(T"6'Z/"NQ_T%Y"O'(T&^"jhj"1233,4/

OQWW'V" '&"(T/9" 0^?V&KM'VW" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W'" NT(\" _\" I;?T')Y'<&)"IT&'V)" NV'UV?<&(T"IY&%Z%&\"BQV%<="$?=<%&%Z'L<^%_%&%?<9"#j"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"#j,"123#34/"

LV]%<"n"DV?))9"$?=<%&%Z'"M'WX9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')9"(<;" I==V'))%Z'" 5' (Z%?V" %<" 8?Q<=" 5?\)9" #3" :/" H(W%T\" G%?KT'<Y'"jjR"1#hh+4/"

q%V)^"n"C?Q<&)9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\"%WX(Y&)"H(Y%(T"7W?&%?<" 6'Y?=<%&%?<9" jj" I==V'))%Z'" 5' (Z%?V" j+j"1233R4/

q%V)^9"C?Q<&)9"n"ETYp(b9"G%?T'<&"C';%("$?<)QWX&%?<"(<;"& '" 6'Y?=<%&%?<" ?U" B\<(W%Y" H(Y%(T" 7fXV'))%?<)9" 2#" :/"L<&'VX'V)?<(T"G%?T'<Y'"+R#"1233,4/"

q%V)^9"ETYp(b9"n"C?Q<&)9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"L<;QY'"(<" IUU'Y&"NV?Y'))%<="5%()9"R"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"2jh"1233+4/"

q%V)^9"M^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"I;?T')Y'<&)*"M^'"EZ'VT??b';"L<UTQ'<Y'"?U"B'Z'T?XW'<&9"@"I==V'))%?<"n"G%?T'<&"5'^(Z%?V"jRR"1233j4/

q%V)^9"0''%<="&^'"F?VT;"M^V?Q=^"C?V&(T"q?W_(&K$?T?V';

DT())')*"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"&^'"B'Z'T?XW'<&"?U"("0^?V&K&'VW" O?)&%T'" I&&V%_Q&%?<" 5%()9" +" $^%T;^??;" #RR"1#hh@4/

q?<%c<9" 5%cZ(<b9" n" 5Q)^W(<9" L" F%)^" L" F'V'" (" F(VV%?V*M^'" 6?T'"?U"F%)^UQT"L;'<&%U%Y(&%?<" %<"&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?KT'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"I==V'))%?<"%<"I;?T')Y'<&"5?\)9"-j"B'Z'T?XW'<&(T"N)\Y^?T?=\"#3j@"1233R4/"

qV( t"n" CsTT'V9"NT(\%<=" G%?T'<&" 7T'Y&V?<%Y" D(W')9"O?)K&%T'" I&&V%_Q&%?<(T" 0&\T'9" (<;" I==V'))%?<KV'T(&';" >?VW)%<"D'VW(<"I;?T')Y'<&)9"2R":/"I;?T')Y'<Y'"+j"1233-4/"

qVYW(V9" H(VV(V9" n" CYDT?%<9" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%;'?" D(W'"6'(T%)W" ?<" I&&'<&%?<9" 6'&'<&%?<" (<;" I==V'))%Z'" EQ&KY?W')9"2R"$?WXQ&'V)"%<"OQW(<"5'^(Z%?V"-j2"123##4/"

qVYW(V"n"J(Y^T(<9"I==V'))%Z'"EQ&Y?W')"(<;"G%;'?=(W'"

Page 85: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 85/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2@" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

NT(\*"M^'"6?T'"?U"J'<=&^"?U"NT(\"(<;"&^'"C'Y^(<%)W)"(&"F?Vb9"#2"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"2-h"1233h4/

qVYW(V"n"H(VV(V9"6'&(T%(&?V\"I==V'))%?<"(<;"&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"N?%<&"?U"G%']"(<;"5T??;"%<"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')9"#2"C())"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"n"0?Y%'&\"##+"1233h4/"

qV?<'<_'V='V" '&"(T/9" C';%("G%?T'<Y'" 7fX?)QV'" %<"I==V')K)%Z'" (<;" $?<&V?T" I;?T')Y'<&)*" B%UU'V'<Y')" %<" 0'TUK" (<;"N(V'<&K6'X?V&';"7fX?)QV'"&?"G%?T'<Y'"?<"M'T'Z%)%?<"(<;"%<"G%;'?"D(W')9"j#"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"23#"1233+4/

qV?<'<_'V='V"'&"(T/9"C';%("G%?T'<Y'"7fX?)QV'"(<;"7f'YQK&%Z'"HQ<Y&%?<%<="%<"I==V'))%Z'"(<;"$?<&V?T"I;?T')Y'<&)9",#":/"$T%<%Y(T"N)\Y^?T?=\"R2+"1233+4/"

qQ<&)Y^'9" O?)&%T%&\" IW?<=" I;?T')Y'<&)" %<" 0]%&p'VT(<;l"CQT&%Z(V%(&'" 6'T(&%?<)" 5'&]''<" 7fY'))%Z'" C';%(" .)'"(<;" H?VW)" ?U" G%?T'<Y'9" j-" :/" I;?T')Y'<&" O'(T& " 2j3"1233-4/

J''9"N'<=9"n"qT'%<9"F%TT"&^'"7fX'V%'<Y'"?U" NT(\%<="(" G%?KT'<&"6?T'"%<"("G%;'?"D(W'"L<UTQ'<Y'"N'?XT'e)":Q;=W'<&)?U" G%?T'<&" $V%W')l" 2," $?WXQ&'V)" %<" OQW(<" 5' (Z%?V"#3#h"123#34/

J'WW'<)" n" 5Q)^W(<9" M^'" IXX'(T" ?U" G%?T'<&" G%;'?D(W')" &?" J?]'V" 7;QY(&';" I==V'))%Z'" I;?T')Y'<&" 5?\)

HV?W"M]?"$?Q<&V%')9"h"$\_'VN)\Y^?T?=\"n"5'^(Z%?V",j@"1233,4/C(&^%(b" n" F'_'V9" M?](V;" 5V(%<" $?VV'T(&')" ?U" >(&QV(T"

5'^(Z%?V*"UC6L"BQV%<="GL?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')9"2R"OQW(<"5V(%<"C(XX%<="h-@"1233,4/

CsTT'V" n" qV( t9" 7fX?)QV'" &?" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" I==V'))%?<" %<" D'VW(<" I;?T')Y'<&)*" I" J?<=%&Q;%<(T I<(T\)%)9"j+"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"R+"1233h4/

>?](b9"qVYW(V9"n"H(VV(V9"M^'"$(Q)')"(<;"$?<)'dQ'<Y')?U"NV')'<Y'*"$?<)%;'V%<=" &^'" L<UTQ'<Y'" ?U"G%?T'<&" G%;'?D(W')"?<"NV')'<Y'"(<;"I==V'))%?<9"#R"NV')'<Y'*"M'T'?XK'V(&?V)"n"G%V&Q(T"7<Z%V?<W'<&)"2+,"1233@4/"

ET)?<" '&"(T/9" CK6(&';" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" I==V'))%Z'" ?V"NV?_T'W"5'^(Z%?V"IW?<="8?Q<="I;?T')Y'<&)9"#j"IXXT%';"

Page 86: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 86/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

2h"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

B'Z'T?XW'<&(T"0Y%'<Y'"#@@"1233h4/"N(<''" n" 5(TT(V;9" O%=^" G'V)Q)" J?]" I==V'))%Z'" NV%W%<=

BQV%<=" G%;'?KD(W'" MV(%<%<=*"7UU'Y&)" ?<" G%?T'<&" IY&%?<BQV%<=" D(W'" NT(\9" O?)&%T%&\9" O'(V&" 6(&'9" (<;" 5T??;"NV'))QV'9"j2":/"IXXT%';"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"2-+@"123324/"

N'V)b\" n" 5T()Y?Z%Y^9" LWW'V)%Z'" G%V&Q(T" 7<Z%V?<W'<&) G'V)Q)" MV(;%&%?<(T" NT(&U?VW)*" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%?T'<&" (<;">?<Z%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\9"#3"C';%("N)\Y^?T?=\"#j+"1233R4/

N'V)b\"n"5T()Y?Z%Y^9"LWW'V)%Z'"G%V&Q(T"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\(<;" NV')'<Y'*" L<UTQ'<Y')" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" H''T%<=)" (<;"5' (Z%?V9" #R" NV')'<Y'*" M'T'?X'V(&?V)" n" G%V&Q(T" 7<Z%KV?<W'<&)"+R"1233@4/

N?TW(<9" ;'" $()&V?9" n" Z(<" Ib'<9" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0&Q;\" ?U &^'"B%UU'V'<&%(T"7UU'Y&)"?U"NT(\%<="G'V)Q)"F(&Y^%<="G%?KT'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"$^%T;V'<e)"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V9"j-" I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V"2+,"1233@4/

N?&'V(9" 0'f" (<;" G%?T'<Y'" %<" & '" C';%(" L<UTQ'<Y'" M''<"5'^(Z%?V*"M^V''"0&Q;%')"0^?]"("$?VV'T(&%?<9"#3h"IW'V%KY(<":/">QV)%<="23"1233h4/"

6%Y^W?<;"n"F%T)?<9"IV'"DV(X^%Y"C';%("G%?T'<Y'9"I==V')K)%?<9"(<;"C?V(T"B%)'<=(='W'<&"6'T(&';l"#+"N)\Y^%(&V\9"

N)\Y^?T?=\"n"J(]"j+3"1233@4/"0Y^('U'V" n" O(VV%)?<9" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%?T'<&" H(<&()\" ?<"$^%T;V'<e)" I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V9"-#"N)\Y^?T?=\"n" 7;QY/j+"1233-4/

0Y^W%'V_(Y^9" `q%TT%<=" 0XV''a*" 7fXT?V%<=" &^'" $?<<'Y&%?<5'&]''<"$?WX'&%&%Z'"D(W'"NT(\"(<;"I==V'))%Z'"$?=<%K&%?<9"jR"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"6')'(VY^"2+,"123#34/

0 '')'" n" DV(p%(<?9" B'Y%;%<=" &?" B'U'Y&*" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" G%;'?KD(W'" G%?T'<Y'" ?<"$??X'V(&%Z'" 5'^(Z%?V9"#," N)\KY^?T?=%Y(T" 0Y%'<Y'*" :/" IW/" N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T" 0?Y%'&\" j+-1233+4/

0^'VV\9"M^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"?<"I==V'))%?</" I" C'&(KI<(T\)%)9" 2R" OQW(<" $?WWQ<%Y(&%?<" 6')'(VY^"-3h"1233#4/"

Page 87: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 87/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

j3" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

0^%_Q\(9" 0(b(W?&?9" L^?V%9" n" 8Qb(](9" M^'" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" &^'"NV')'<Y'"(<;"$?<&'f&)"?U"G%;'?"D(W'"G%?T'<Y'"?<"$^%TK;V'<*" I" J?<=%&Q;%<(T" 0&Q;\"%<":(X(<9"jh"0%WQT(&%?<" n"D(W%<="+2@"1233@4/"

0%=QV;))?<9" DQ;c?<))?<9" 5V(=()?<9" qV%)&c(<);?&&%V9" n"0%=UQ);?&&%V9" M^'" 6?T'" ?U"G%?T'<&"$?=<%&%?<"%<"&^'"6'T(K&%?<)^%X" 5'&]''<" N'V)?<(T%&\" (<;" & '" L<Z?TZ'W'<&" %< G%?T'<&" H%TW)" (<;" $?WXQ&'V" D(W')9" -#" N'V)?<(T%&\" n"L<;%Z%;Q(T"B%UU'V'<Y')"j@#"1233,4/

0%TZ'V<"n"F%TT%(W)?<9"M^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\"?<" 8?Q<=" $^%T;V'<e)" I==V'))%?<9" H(<&()\9" (<;" NV?)?Y%(T"_' (Z%?V9" @" :/" IXXT%';" B'Z'T?XW'<&(T" N)\Y ?T?=\" -+j1#h@R4/

0T(&'V9" O'<V\9" 0](%W9" n" $(V;(;?V9" GQT<'V(_T'" M''<)9" GQT<'V(_T'" M%W')*" O?]" 0'<)(&%?<" 0''b%<=9" IT%'<(&%?<9"(<;" G%Y&%W%p(&%?<" C?;'V(&'" & '" G%?T'<&" C';%(" $?<K&'<&oI==V'))%Z'<'))" 6'T(&%?<9" j#" $?WWQ<%Y(&%?<" 6'K)'(VY^",-2"1233-4/

0T(&'V9"O'<V\9"0](%W9"n"I<;'V)?<9"G%?T'<&"C';%("$?<&'<&(<;"I==V'))%Z'<'))"%<"I;?T')Y'<&)*"I"B?]<](V;"0X%V(TC?;'T9"j3"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"6')'(VY^"R#j"1233j4/"

0&(Q;'KC{TT'V9"5T%')'<'V9"n"JQ&^W(<9"O?)&%T'"(<;"O(V;K

'<';l" I<" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0&Q;\" ?<" 1B'K4)'<)%&%p(&%?<" &?" G%?T'<Y'" (<;" 0QUU'V%<=" M^V?Q= " NT(\%<=" G%;'?" D(W')9,R"0]%))":/"N)\Y^?T?=\"-#"1233@4/"

0&'](V;" n" H?TT%<(9" L<U?VW%<=" N?T%Y%')" %<" H?V'<)%Y" 0'&K&%<=)*"I"6'Z%']"?U"6')'(VY^"L<Z')&%=(&%<="&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U 7fX?)QV'" &?" C';%(" G%?T'<Y'" ?<" $^(TT'<=%<=mEUU'<;%<=5'^(Z%?QV9"@"5V%&%)^":/"H?V'<)%Y"NV(Y/"j#"1233,4/

0]%<=" n" I<;'V)?<9" M '" .<%<&'<;';" >'=(&%Z'" $?<)'KdQ'<Y')" ?U"7fX?)QV'" &?"G%?T'<&" G%;'?" =(W')9" #2"L<&/" :/"$?=<%&%Z'"M'Y^/"j"1233R4/

M(W_?V%<%"'&"(T/9"G%?T'<&"G%V&Q(T"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"O?)&%T'"M^?Q=^&)9" -@" :/" 5V?(;Y()&%<=" n" 7T'Y&V?<%Y" C';%(" jj+"1233-4/

.^TW(<<" n" 0](<)?<9" 7fX?)QV'" &?" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')"

Page 88: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 88/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

j#"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"I"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

L<YV'()')" IQ&?W(&%Y" I==V'))%Z'<'))9" 2R" :/" I;?T')Y'<Y'"-#"1233-4/

G(Q=^(<9" L<(;Z'V&'<&" 0YV%X&" $^(<='" (<;" L<YV'()';" NV?KX'<)%&\" U?V" G%?T'<Y'*" M '" B(<='V" ?U" L<&'V(Y&%Z'" G%;'?D(W')9"j-"MV(<)(Y&%?<(T"I<(T\)%)":/"j3"1233-4/

F(TT'<%Q)"n"NQ<(Wub%9"B%=%&(T"D(W'"G%?T'<Y'"(<;"B%V'Y&" I==V'))%?<"%<"I;?T')Y'<Y'*"I"J?<=%&Q;%<(T"0&Q;\"?U"&^'6?T')"?U"0'f9"I='9"(<;"N(V'<&K$^%T;"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<9"2h:/"IXXT%';"B'Z'T?XW'<&(T"N)\Y^?T?=\"2@,"1233@4/"

F(TT'<%Q)9" NQ<(Wub%9" n" 6%WX'Tu9" B%=%&(T" D(W'" NT(\%<="(<;" B%V'Y&" (<;" L<;%V'Y&" I==V'))%?<" %<" 7(VT\" I;?T')KY'<Y'*"M^'"6?T')"?U"I='9"0?Y%(T"L<&'TT%='<Y'9"(<;"N(V'<&K$^%T;"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<9"j,":/"8?Q&^"(<;"I;?T')Y'<Y'"j2+"1233R4/

F(<=" '&"(T/9" 0^?V&" M'VW" 7fX?)QV'" &?" (" G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W'" L<;QY')" $^(<=')" %<" HV?<&?T%W_%Y" $%VYQ%&V\" %< I;?T')Y'<&)9"j"5V(%<"LW(=%<="n"5'^(Z%?V"j@"1233h4/

F'_'V9"6%&&'VU'T;9"n"C(&^%(b9"B?')"NT(\%<="G%?T'<&"G%;'?D(W')" L<;QY'" I==V'))%?<l" 7WX%V%Y(T" 7Z%;'<Y'" ?U" ("HQ<Y&%?<(T"C(=<'&%Y"6')?<(<Y'"LW(=%<="0&Q;\9"@"C';%(N)\Y^?T?=\"jh"1233,4/"

F%'=W(<"n"Z(<"0Y^%'9"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\%<="(<;"%&)"6'T(K

&%?<)"F%&^"I==V'))%Z'"(<;"NV?)?Y%(T"5'^(Z%?QV9"jR"5V%&K%)^":/"0?Y/"N)\Y^?T?=\"j,R"1#hh@4/"F%TT%(W)9" M^'" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" HVQ)&V(&%?<9"G%?T'<Y'9" (<;" MV(%&"

O?)&%T%&\"IU&'V"NT(\%<="("G%;'?"D(W'9"#2"C())"$?WWQK<%Y(&%?<"n"0?Y%'&\"2h#"1233h4/

8_(VV(" '&"(T/9"J%<b(=')" 5'&]''<" L<&'V<'&" (<;" E& 'V" C'K;%("G%?T'<Y'"F%&^"0'V%?Q)T\"G%?T'<&"5'^(Z%?V"_\"8?Q&^9#22"N';%(&V%Y)"h2h"1233@4/"

Page 89: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 89/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

j2" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"5"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

5"

5'<)T'\" n" G(<" 7'<]\b9" G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" 6'(TKJ%U'" I=K=V'))%?<*" 6'Z%']" ?U" & '" J%&'V(&QV'9" 2h" :/" I;?T')Y'<&O'(T&^"2--"1233#4/

5s)Y^'9"G%?T'<&" $?<&'<&" 7<^(<Y')" G%;'?" D(W'" N'VU?VWK(<Y'9" 2#" :/" C';%(" N)\Y^?T?=\*" M '?V%')9" C'&^?;)9" (<;" IXXT%Y(&%?<)"#-+"1233h4/

$?T]'TT"n"q(&?9"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\"%<"5V%&%)^"(<;":(X(<')'" I;?T')Y'<&)9"j,"0%WQT(&%?<"n"D(W%<="+#@"1233+4/"

$?T]'TT"n"q(&?9"L<Z')&%=(&%?<"?U"&^'"6'T(&%?<)^%X"5'&]''<"0?Y%(T"L)?T(&%?<9"0'TUK7)&''W9"I==V'))%?<"(<;"$?WXQ&'VD(W'"NT(\"%<":(X(<')'"I;?T')Y'<&)9","I)%(<":/"0?Y/"N)\KY^?T?=\"#-h"1233j4/

B?W%<%Yb9" G%;'?=(W')9" M'T'Z%)%?<" G%?T'<Y'9" (<;" I==V')K)%?<"%<"M''<(='V)9"j-":/"$?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"#j,"1#h@-4/

H'V=Q)?<9" 5T(p%<=" I<='T)" ?V" 6')%;'<&" 7Z%Tl" $(<" G%?T'<& G%;'?" D(W')" _'" (" H?VY'" H?V" D??;l" #-" 6'Z/" D'</" N)\KY^?T?=\",@"123#34/

H'V=Q)?<9" G%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')*" B?=W(9" H'(V9" N)'Q;?K)Y%'<Y'9"jj"0b'X&%Y(T"L<dQ%V'V"j@"1233h4/"

H'V=Q)?<9" M '" D??;9" M '" 5(;" (<;" &^'" .=T\*" I" C'&(K

(<(T\&%Y"6'Z%']"?U"N?)%&%Z'"(<;">'=(&%Z'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?KT'<&"G%;'?"D(W')9"R@"N)\Y^%(&V%Y"z/"j3h"1233R4/"H'V=Q)?<" n" C'' (<9" 0(&QV;(\">%=^&e)" ITV%=^&" U?V" H%=^&K

%<=*"I<&%)?Y%(T"MV(%&)9" H%=^&%<=9" (<;" F'(X?<)"$(VV\%<="%<" (" J(V='" 0(WXT'" ?U" 8?Q&^9" @#" N)\Y^%(&V%Y" z/" 2hj123#34/

H'V=Q)?<" '&"(T/9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?" D(W')" (<;" I==V'))%?<9"j+$V%W/":Q)&%Y'"n"5'^(Z%?V"j##"1233@4/

H'V=Q)?<9"6')'(VY^"?<"&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')* I" $V%&%Y(T" I<(T\)%)9" j" 0?Y/" n" N'V)?<(T%&\" N)\Y^?T?=\"$?WX())"j+#"1233h4/

H'V=Q)?<"n"6Q';(9"M^'"O%&W(<"0&Q;\*"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'7fX?)QV'"7UU'Y&)"?<"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V9"O?)&%T'"H''T%<=)9"(<;"B'XV'))%?<9"#+"7QV?X'(<"N)\Y^?T?=%)&"hh"123#34/"

Page 90: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 90/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

jj"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"5"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

H'V=Q)?<9"0(<"C%=Q'T9"n"O(V&T'\9"I"CQT&%Z(V%(&'"I<(T\)%)?U"8?Q&^"G%?T'<Y'"(<;"I==V'))%?<*"M^'"L<UTQ'<Y'"?U"H(WK%T\9"N''V)9"B'XV'))%?<9"(<;"C';%("G%?T'<Y'9"#++":/"N';%K(&V%Y)"h3-"1233h4/

H'V=Q)?<9" 7Z%;'<Y'" U?V" NQ_T%Y(&%?<" 5%()" %<" G%;'?" D(W'" G%?T'<Y'"7UU'Y&)"J%&'V(&QV'*"I"C'&(KI<(T\&%Y"6'Z%']9"#2 I==V'))%?<"n"G%?T'<&"5'^(Z%?V"-R3"1233R4/"

H'V=Q)?<9"M^'"0Y^??T"0^??&%<=mG%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W'"J%<b*"$(Q)(T" 6'T(&%?<)^%X" ?V" C?V(T" N(<%Yl" +" :/" L<Z')&%=(&%Z'N)\Y^?T?=\"n"EUU'<;'V"NV?U%T%<="2+"1233@4/"

H'V=Q)?<" '&"(T/9" N'V)?<(T%&\9" N(V'<&(T9" (<;" C';%(" L<UTQK'<Y')" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" N'V)?<(T%&\" (<;" G%?T'<&" $V%W'" %<" 8?Q<=" I;QT&)9" #R" :/" I==V'))%?<9" C(T&V'(&W'<&" n"MV(QW("jh+"1233@4/

H'V=Q)?<"n" q%T_QV<9"CQY^"I;?"I_?Q&">?&^%<=*" M^'"C%)K')&%W(&%?<" (<;" EZ'V%<&'VXV'&(&%?<" ?U" G%?T'<&" G%;'?D(W'" 7UU'Y&)" %<" 7()&'V<" (<;" F')&'V<" >(&%?<)*" $?WKW'<&"?<"I<;'V)?<"'&" (T/" 123#349"#j," N)\Y^?T?=%Y(T"5QTT/"#R-"123#34/

HT'W%<="n"6%Yb]??;9"7UU'Y&)"?U"G%?T'<&"G'V)Q)">?<Z%?T'<&" G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" $^%T;V'<|)" IV?Q)(T9" I==V'))%Z'" C??;9(<;" N?)%&%Z'" C??;9" j#" :/" IXXT%';" 0?Y/" N)\Y^?T?=\"23-R

1233#4/DV%UU%&^)9"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"I==V'))%?<*"I"6'Z%']"?U"&^'" J%&'V(&QV'9" -" I==V'))%?<"n" G%?T'<&"5'^(Z%?V" 23j1#hhh4/

DV%UU%&^)9"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"I==V'))%?<9"#3"M^'"N)\Y^?T?K=%)&"jhR"1#hhR4/

LZ?V\" n" q(T\(<(V(W(<9" M '" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" M'Y^<?T?=%Y(T I;Z(<Y'W'<&" (<;" G%?T'<&" $?<&'<&" %<" G%;'?" D(W')" ?<"NT(\'V)|"H''T%<=)"?U"NV')'<Y'9"L<Z?TZ'W'<&9"N^\)%?T?=%Y(T" IV?Q)(T9" (<;" I==V'))%?<9" +R" :/" $?WWQ<%Y(&%?<" +j2"1233R4/

q')&'<_(QW" n" F'%<)&'%<9" N'V)?<(T%&\9" N)\Y^?X(& ?T?=\9(<;"B'Z'T?XW'<&(T"L))Q')"%<"C(T'"I;?T')Y'<&"G%;'?"D(W'.)'9"2-":/"IW/"IY(;'W\"$^%T;"N)\Y^?T?=\"j2h"1#h@+4/"

Page 91: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 91/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

j-" 56EF>" !""7>M76MIL>C7>M"C76$OI>M0"I00>/"

IXX'<;%f"5"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

C(Vb'\"n"C(Vb'\9"GQT<'V(_%T%&\"&?"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')* I" 6'Z%']" (<;" L<&'=V(&%?<" ?U" N'V)?<(T%&\" 6')'(VY^9" #-6'Z/"D'</"N)\Y^?T?=\"@2"123#34/"

C(Vb'\"n" 0Y 'V'V9" I<" 7f(W%<(&%?<" ?U" N)\Y^?&%Y%)W" (<;"C?&%?<"$(X&QV'"$?<&V?T)"()"C?;'V(&?V)"?U"&^'"7UU'Y&)"?U G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')9"2+"$?WXQ&'V)"%<"OQW(<"5'^(Z%?V"-3R"1233h4/

C%&V?U(<9"N(QT9"n"0X'<Y'V9"L)"I==V'))%?<"%<"$^%T;V'<"F%&^"5'^(Z%?QV(T"(<;"7W?&%?<(T"B%UU%YQT&%')"I))?Y%(&';"F%&^"M'T'Z%)%?<"G%']%<="(<;"G%;'?"D(W'"NT(\%<=l"I"0\)&'WK(&%Y" 6'Z%']9" j+" $^%T;*" $(V'9" O'(T&^" n" B'Z'T?XW'<&" +"1233h4/

ET)?<9"C';%("G%?T'<Y'"6')'(VY^"(<;"8?Q&^"G%?T'<Y'"B(&(*"F \" B?" M '\" $?<UT%Y&l" 2@" IY(;'W%Y" N)\Y^%(&V\" #--1233-4/

N?V&'V"n"0&(VY'Z%Y9"IV'"G%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"O(VWUQTl"#+" IQ)&V(T()%(<"N)\Y^%(&V\"-22"1233R4/

6'='<_?='<9"O'VVW(<<9"n"H'^V9"M^'">'QV(T"NV?Y'))%<="?U" G?TQ<&(V\" $?WXT'&';9" 6'(T" (<;" G%V&Q(T" G%?T'<&" (<;">?<G%?T'<&" $?WXQ&'V" D(W'" 0Y'<(V%?)" B%)XT(\%<=" NV'K;'U%<';"IY&%?<)"%<"D(W'V)"(<;">?<=(W'V)9"+"0?Y/">'QKV?)Y%'<Y'"22#"123#34/

0Y?&&9" M '" 7UU'Y&" ?U"G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" H''T%<=)" ?U" I==V')K)%?<9"#2h":/"N)\Y^?T?=\"#2#"1#hh+4/"0')&%V"n"5(V&^?T?]9"G%?T'<&"(<;">?<Z%?T'<&"G%;'?"D(W')"

NV?;QY'" EXX?)%<=" 7UU'Y&)" ?<" I==V'))%Z'" (<;" NV?)?Y%(T"EQ&Y?W')9" -," :/" 7fX'V%W'<&(T" 0?Y/" N)\Y^?T?=\" hj-123#34/

.<)]?V&^9"B'Z%TT\9"n"F(V;9"M^'"7UU'Y&"?U"NT(\%<="G%?T'<&" G%;'?"D(W')"?<" I;?T')Y'<&)*" 0^?QT;"N(V'<&)" _'"zQ(bK%<=" %<" M '%V" 5??&)l" #j" N)\Y^?T?=\9" $V%W'" n" J(]" j@j1233R4/

.<)]?V&^"n"F(V;9"G%;'?"D(W')"(<;"I==V'))%Z'"5'^(Z%?V/j,"IQ)&V(T%(<"N)\Y^?T?=%)&"#@-"1233#4/

F%TT%(W)" n" 0b?V%Y9" L<&'V<'&" H(<&()\" G%?T'<Y'*" I" M')&" ?U" I==V'))%?<" %<" (<" E<T%<'" D(W'9" R2" $?WWQ<%Y(&%?<"

Page 92: (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

8/6/2019 (SCOTUS) Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Assoc (06.27.2011)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/scotus-brown-v-entertainment-merchants-assoc-06272011 92/92

5 67876 9 :/9";%))'<&%<="

j+"$%&'"()*" +,-"./"0/"!!!!"123##4"

IXX'<;%f"5"&?"&^'"?X%<%?<"?U"567876 9":/"

C?<?=V(X^)"2#R"1233+4/F%<b'T9" >?Z(b9" n" O?X)?<9" N'V)?<(T%&\" H(Y&?V)9" 0Q_c'Y&"

D'<;'V9" (<;" &^'" 7UU'Y&)" ?U" I==V'))%Z'" G%;'?" D(W')" ?<" I==V'))%?<"%<"I;?T')Y'<&)9"2#":/"6')'(VY^"%<"N'V)?<(T%&\2##"1#h@R4/"