scws latam 2016- integrating small cells & wi-fi: co-existence in unlicensed spectrum
TRANSCRIPT
Integrating Small Cells & Wi-Fi: Co-existence in unlicensed
spectrum
Network Technology Strategy Department Alberto Boaventura
2016-03-14
Rio de Janeiro – Brazil March 15th, 2016
Traffic
Reveue Voice Data
Changes ...
Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation,
doubling year over year, will bring a tsunami of data traffic, representing in 2020 1000x of
the traffic in 2010.
Mobile Data Traffic
Dozens of billions of connected devices foreseen by industry
(GSMA, Ovum, MachinaResearch etc.) on
upcoming decade.
Internet of Things
All customer requirements are not equal. It is worthwhile to
discover which attributes of a product or service are more important to the customer.
Negative perception of services is the major reasons for
changing of service provider
Customer Experience
Main broadband dilemma: Traffic and Revenue
decoupling.
It brings a continuous research for cost effective and affordable
solutions.
Traffic & Revenue
1000x
...Challenges
More Spectrum: Licensed, Shared or Unlicensed
New Technology
New Cell Site
Spectral Efficiency Spatial Efficiency
Interference Control
Resource Management
More Capacity More Elasticity More Resiliency More Granularity
Low latency Self Organized Synchronization
Service and Network State Awareness Network Slicing
Architecture Evolution
Multiple technologies and costs
Service, technology and spectrum balancing
Device subsidy
Spectrum refarming
Lifecycle Management
+
vs
vs ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................ ................
256QAM
Why SmallCells?
High Density Traffic
2013 2014 2015 2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
0,0 Mbps/km2
500,0 Mbps/km2
1000,0 Mbps/km2
1500,0 Mbps/km2
2000,0 Mbps/km2
0,250 km0,350 km0,450 km0,550 km
DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC
Coverage Radius
Capacity 2015
Capacity 2016
Capacity 2017
A +63%
C
D
+61%
+54%
B
Green line represents the system capacity density.
The capacity associated to coverage grid can capture the demand from 2013 till 2014 – Point A;
However, for 2015 it is needed to increase 63% the number of sites, changing the exiting grid – Point B;
In 2016 and 2017, they require more 61% and 54% more sites respectivelly;
In that time, SmallCells are more appropriated infrastructure to save CapEx and OpEx;
TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OWNERSHIP
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
$$$
1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Legend Notes: 2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario; +1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz using 1800 MHz in Basic Scenario coverage; +1800 (10): Same as above, but using 10 MHz; SmallCell: SmallCell using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz for bandwidth;
X BASIC SCENARIO COVERAGE CAPACITY
TCO
A B C
Indifference between Macro
1800 & 2600 MHz
Macro LTE 1800 MHz for
coverage
Dual layer Macro LTE 1800
& 2600 MHz
181 265 890
SmallCell 2600 MHz
𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
𝒌𝒎𝟐
P: BASIC SCENARIO COVERAGE CAPACITY
P
DEMANDS
DOWNTOWN DEMAND: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC
Magnitude of SmallCells
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
1 M
2 M
3 M
4 M
5 M
6 M
7 M
8 M
9 M
10 M
SmallCells
Macro Base Stations
Source: Mobile Experts 2015
RAN Deployments In Millions of Units Cost in USD per Mbps
LTE Macrocell LTE SmallCell
$1 k
$ 2k
$ 3k
$ 4k
$ 5k
$ 6k
$ 7k
Source: Mobile Experts 2015
8 year OpEx/Mbps
CapEx/Mbps
According to Mobile Experts, a new cell site can cost roughly 10 times more for a macro site, compared to a small cell site, due: Hardware; Software; Site Acquisition & Infrastructure.
In 2020, SmallCells represent more than 9 times Macro Base Station deployments.
Site aquisition: Given the limitation on the scope of the small cell, you have to know exactly where the traffic is generated and get the rights to install that exact spot.
New types of leases/contracts should be developed.
The expectation for the installation of Small scale is Cells that are an order of magnitude greater than the macro cells .
Visual Polution: Due a number of SmallCells, the shape and format may impact in acceptance to install in building and public facilities.
Small cell radius of coverage is reduced compared to macro, it is necessary to locate accurately the traffic sources;
The installation of small cell (site acquisition) occurs with small error regarding the location planned.
Heterogeneous RF planning requires how traffic will be handled by each layer.
For maximum result from the limited range making the reuse of the spectrum.
Spectrum reuse requires a plan of distribution of the cells very well done.
Capillarity: Requires 10-100x more POPs than macro site network
IP Access (MPLS-TP, Metro Eth, MDU) , Giga-Ether over 150 Mbps per BTS
Required necessarily optical fiber, but Multi-Point to Multi-Point Radio can be alternative for higher capillarity
Frequency and time synchronization (IEEE 1588) e-ICIC requires synchronism deviation around
1.5 s. For CoMP, latency must be below 1 ms New interface other than IP: CPRI
Backhaul & Fronthaul
Pain Points
Downlink: Terminal camped on in macro is interfered by a small cell. And terminal served by a small cell to connect the edge of cell will be interfered by the macro cell.
Uplink: one terminal connected in macro and close to the cell border creates strong interference in close small cell. And large number of connected terminals in small cells generate uplink interference in the macro cell.
They both are addressed with sofisticated mechanisms like ICIC, e-ICIC, Fe-ICIC, and CoMP
Interference Mitigation
Mobility device in idle state impacts the relative load between layers and battery consumption and frequency of handovers.
Increase in handovers due to the small size of the cells increases the risk of dropped calls (Dropped Call Rate),
Devices in connected state may need to HO to a small cell and, if they are on different frequencies, will need efficient scheme discovery of small cell that minimizes the impact on battery consumption.
Traffic/Capacity balancing with several resources and frequencies
Mobility Management
Planning Deployment and Rollout
The range in the number of radio stations in the layer of Small Cells should be an order of magnitude larger than the current one.
The way to optimize and operate should fit depending less manual intervention.
Resources SON (Self Organizing Networks) will be important to maintain a good performance.
Service Availability: Internal battery must be required for accomplishing service SLA requirements.
The licensing cost has recently been solved, but it was a big barrier for SmallCells deployment.
Operation
Recent Regulation Advances in Brazil
Ownership
Restricted Radiation
Tax exemption
LAW 13.116/2015 (ANTENNA’S LAW) LAW 13.097/2015 (ART 134 SMALLCELL) RESOLUTION 624/2013 (FEMTOCELL)
(Art 3r) Femtocell is considered a network element, accessory to Mobile Operator and It is forbidden the use for the private network establishment
(Art. 4) Femtocell is a restricted radiation and operates on a secondary basis in frequency bands. The maximum power measured at the transmitter output can not be greater than 1 Watt.
(Art 5) It is exempt from licensing for installation and operation, subject to any licensing required by regulation for the interfaces related to your data connection to the Mobile Operator.
< 5 W (0%)
(Art 134 §4rth) Tax exemption for base stations, and repeaters whose power maximum peak measured at the transmitter output, not exceeding 5 W .
5-10 W (10%)
(Art 134 §5rth) Base stations and repeaters with power from 5 W and 10 W affect the installation inspection fees equal to 10% of the amounts applicable to the other base stations and repeaters.
> 10 W (100%)
(Art 134) Remainder base stations have full tax
(Art. 1) This law establishes general rules concerning the licensing process, installation and telecommunications infrastructure sharing, in order to make it consistent with the socioeconomic development of the country.
Scope
(Art.2) Promote investment in telecommunications infrastructure by: standardization; simplification ; speeding up procedures; license granting criteria; minimization of urban, and environmental impacts; increase network capacity; encourage infrastructure sharing; Etc.
Motivation &
Goals
(Art. 7) The licenses will be issued by simplified procedure. The deadline for issuance of any license may not exceed sixty (60) days from the date the application is made.
Deadline for License
Issued
Sharing
(Art. 14) It is mandatory to share the excess capacity of the supporting infrastructure, except where justified technical reason.
SmallCell License
Exemption
(Art. 10) The law exempts small cells from licenses, but their installation in urban areas will be subject to future regulation.
Why Unlicensed?
Source: SmallCells Forum
Indoor Environment
Frequency under 1 GHz has a good Indoor
propagation. But lack bandwidth for
capturing mobile broadband traffic.
90 MHz 150 MHz 200 MHz
500 MHz
13 GHz
700 MHz 1800 MHz 3500 MHz 5800 MHz
(LTE-U)
mmWave
INDOOR TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DENSITY BUILDING PENETRATION LOSS
0,0 dB 10,0 dB 20,0 dB
700 MHz
900 MHz
1800 MHz
2100 MHz
2600 MHz
INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE MACRO SITE DENSITY FOR INDOOR COMPENSATION
39%
32%
14%
4%
11%
In Car
At Home
At Work
Travelling
Others
0 bps/Hz
4 bps/Hz
8 bps/Hz
12 bps/Hz
-130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm
3GPP (LTE) Shannon
Outdoor Indoor
-50%
50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are
performed in indoor environment;
Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB,
that reduces at minimum of 50% overall performance
of outdoor macro sites;
FREQUENCY DILEMMA
0
300
600
900
0,25 km0,30 km0,35 km0,40 km0,45 km0,50 km
Indoor Outdoor
219%
High Concentration Traffic
Low dense data traffic. It is dispersed in coverage area
Indoor Environment Outdoor Environment
The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher
than outdoor. For instance, in stadium & arenas, the
number of persons per km2 can reach 1 Million! If all
persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64
Gbps/km2
2600 MHz (10 MHz) Graphs
Better propagation
Outdoor Coverage Radius
Building Penetration Loss varies in each frequency.
Lowest frequency has better propagation behavior.
New Radius for increasing capacity
Ban
dw
idth
Voice Originating Call
Amount of Bandwidth Mbps/km2
RSRP
Brazil
Korea
China
Japan
US
EU
54
70
51
50
52
50
58
25
58
75
56
50
57
25
53
50
Indoor
23 dBm
565 MHz
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
325 MHz
455 MHz
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
Indoor/Outdoor
27 dBm
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
455 MHz
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
Restricted Radiation (200 mW) Restricted Radiation (1W) ISM 530 MHz
350 MHz
Indoor
30 dbm
Indoor/Outdoor
30 dBm
Indoor
23 dbm
Indoor
23 dBm
Indoor
17 dbm
Indoor
27 dBm
Indoor
17 dbm
Indoor
23 dBm
Indoor
23 dbm
Why Unlicensed Spectrum?
Abundance of unlicensed spectrum below 6 GHz – around 800 MHz;
Unlicensed spectrum is available on a global basis with very similar band plans, that is worldwide harmonized;
< 6 GHz preferred due to path loss;
5.8 GHz is preferable because 2.4 GHz most crowded with existing WiFi and bluetooth;
Residential wireless LAN also uses the lower end of the 5 GHz band;
Band 46 (LTE-U Band 252 – UNII-1/255 –UNII-3) defined in 3GPP Release 13.
WORLD SPECTRUM FORECAST
ITU-R M.2078 projection for the global spectrum requirements in order to accomplish the IMT-2000
future development, IMT-Advanced, in 2020.
531 MHz 749 MHz
971 MHz
749 MHz
557 MHz 723 MHz
997 MHz
723 MHz
587 MHz 693 MHz
1027 MHz
693 MHz
Region 1 Region 2 Region 3
R$ 25,15 R$ 13,50
R$ 100,00
2100 MHz (*) 2600 MHz 700 MHz
Source: Anatel
Minimum price in Real per Hz for Brazilian country
wide spectrum
(*) Valores para a banda F
LICENSED SPECTRUM COST
(in MHz)
TOTAL OF ALLOCATED SPECTRUM
Source: GSMA The Mobile Economy 2014
ADVANTAGES FOR UNLICENSED SPECTRUM
Source: 3GPP TR 36.889/ TS 36.101/TS 36.104 Rel 13
634 450 415 350 300 282 210
Source: ITU-R
(in MHz)
UNII-1 UNII-3/ISM UNII-2 UNII-2
How to use Unlicensed Spectrum?
Internet
WAG
ePDG
3GPP AAA
ANDSF
EPC
LTE
Wi-Fi
Based on interface standardized (Xw) in 3GPP Rel.13 which allows PDCP splitting/combining capabilities (wi-fi channel reporting, aggregation and scheduling) in eNB and UE.
eNB and AP enhanced for supporting Xw interface
Requires a new way (EAP-LWA) for authentication;
AP encapsulates LTE PDCP datagrams in 802.11 MAC frames for transmission over the air
Supports co-located (integrated, dual-mode smallcell) and non co-located deployments
Internet EPC LTE
Wi-Fi
Xw
PHY
MAC
PHY
MAC
S1
RLC
PDCP
Tunnel
Xw
AP eNB
S1
PHY
MAC
WLAN Preferred
LWA (LTE and Wi-Fi
Link Aggregation)
LTE-U LAA
MuLTEFire
Internet EPC
LTE+ LTE-U/LAA MuLTEFire ... ...
Freq.
20 MHz Channels
Clear Channel
Framework being developed since the first release of LTE, based on I-WLAN and non 3GPP Access standards;
Complex integration, requiring new network elements, for e2e service support, including: authentication; voice services and handover;
All current deployment (network and devices) are based on or evolving to this implementation;
Consists to use unlicensed 5GHz spectrum for LTE Carriers.
Introduced in 3GPP Rel. 12 targeting only USA, China and Korea mobile operators and coexistence market requirements: LTE-U;
LTE-U only boots downlink;
LAA ( Licensed Assisted Access) enhances LTE-U by using LBT (Listen Before Talking) in order to comply with worldwide wi-fi coexistence requirements.
MuLTEFire is a new technologies that promises to compete with wi-fi technology, not requiring mobile operator support;
What is LTE-U/LAA/MuLTEFire?
LTE-U
LAA
eLAA
On Dec 2013 (3GPP RAN#62) introduced by Qualcomm & Ericsson for using LTE as SDL in 5725-5850 MHz, primarily in USA; Based on Release 12, supported by LTE-U Forum; Uses as mechanism for coexistence CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission) or Duty Cycle; CSAT is enough for specific markets, such as USA, but it s a controversial fair coexistence mechanism, bringing a lot of discussions and new test initiatives; SDL only; Chipset and products already available;
They use unlicensed spectrum (5 GHz) in: TD-LTE, LTE CA (Carrier Aggregation) or SDL (Supplemental Downlink) with licensed band in a fair
coexistence with remainder technologies.
PCell
Scell
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH
PDCCH/PDSCH/PUSCH/PUCCH
Licensed Unlicensed
+
Carrier Aggregation & Supplemental Downlink
500 MHz
Wi-Fi and LTE-U/LAA Coexistence
Dynamically select a clear channel based on interference ... ...
Freq.
20 MHz Channels
Clear Channel
Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) for coexistence with Wi-Fi for non-LBT regions – US/Korea/China
Time LTE off LTE on ~100 ms long gap
Adaptative o/off dutty cycle with CSAT
depending on channel utilization
Time ~1-10 ms with Listen
Before Talk Sensing channel
availability
Optimized LTE waveform targering 3GPP R13 to meet regulatory requirements for LBT (Listen Before Talking) regions e.g. EU, Japan
Release unlicensed channel when the traffic load is becoming low. Falling back to licensed band only.
Approved on Sep 2014 (3GPP RAN #65) supported by 40 companies; SI (RP-141817) scope covers both SDL and CA; Overall industry positive expectation around LBT (Listen Before Talking) as coexistence mechanism with Wi-Fi. Being standardized in 3GPP release 13 for completion 1H 2016; Band 46 defined for Unlicesed; Chipset available this year; Enhanced functionalities will be introduced in Release 14.
LT
E-U
& L
AA
L
AA
On
ly
3GPP Non 3GPP
MuLTEFire
Why there still exist concerns around LTE Unlicensed?
802.11 Medium Access: CSMA/CA
CSAT (Carrier Sensing Adaptive Transmission) perform clear channel selection;
Duty Cycle is a repeating on/off pattern;
Duty Cycle Period defines how often the pattern repeats (usually in milliseconds);
Duty Cycle Percentage is the fraction of the period that LTE is turned on;
LTE On LTE On
Duty Cycle Period
Wi-Fi can access gaps when LTE is off.
LTE Off
Duty Cycle % of cycle LTE is active
LTE On LTE On
Hold off when detecting other user per LBT
LTE Off
Adaptative “ON” 1-10ms based on load – same as
CSAT
Sensing Channel availability per LBT Every 20s per CCA (Clear Channel
Announcement)
Sense every 20s and decrement random counter before transmitting
per extended CCA
Extended CCA Q X 20s
CCA 20s
LAA senses the channel every 20 microseconds, and if free, occupies it for the next 1 - 10 milliseconds, the time can be set for dynamic utilization similar to CSAT;
If the channel is busy, it waits for a specific amount of time, based on a randomized counter (per LBT regulations), and then senses the channel again — and so on;
In this manner, both LTE and Wi-Fi share the channel “fairly.”;
Contention Based medium access;
A station senses the channel to prior to initiate a transmission;
Each station must wait at least DIFS for sending new packet;
If the medium is busy the station defers its transmission until the end of the current transmission;
Then it will wait an additional DIFS interval and generate a random backoff delay uniformly chosen in the range [0,W − 1];
Contention Medium Busy Next Frame
DIFS DIFS
PIFS
SIFS
Direct access if medium is free
DIFS
Contending: the station is contending the channel by running
down its backoff counter
LTE-U: Coexistence based on CSAT
LAA: Coexistence based on CSAT+LBT
Preferred Wi-Fi/LWA vs LTE-U/LAA/MuLTEFire
WI-FI HAS A HUGE MARKET PENETRATION
Wi-Fi carries more traffic than cellular networks. In the last 15 years, Wi-Fi data rates have
advanced from 11 Mbps to exceed 1 Gbps – and continued innovation will deliver Wi-Fi data rates
exceeding 5 Gbps within a few short years.
WI-FI HAS A CONTINUOUS INNOVATION PATH
802.11g 802.11n 802.11ad
802.11ac
2003 2009 2013
300Mbps 2.4 GHz
54 Mbps 2.4 GHz
1-7 Gbps 5 GHz-60 GHz
802.11ax
+2018
>10 Gbps 2.4-5 GHz
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
54%
46%
Cellular Traffic
Offload Traffic
Source: Cisco VNI 2014
According to ABI Research, indicates that at the end of 2014, 9.98 billion Wi-Fi devices had been sold worldwide
and that about 4.5 billion W-Fi are in use today
LTE-U provides better performance than carrier Wi-Fi.
10-25 dB in link budget gain Higher capacity combined with a unified LTE network means cost savings to operators, in terms of network
deployment, operation and management.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
4,4 x 4,1 x
1,0 x 0,4 x
LTE LTE Coex. Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Coex
Source: IEEE Communications Magazine November 2014
2.4 GHz is the predominant band for wi-fi hotspots, but 802.11ac in 5 GHz is becoming poppular.
USES 2.4 VS 5 GHZ
4
3
2
1
0 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
Tri-band: ad (60), ac (5), n (2.4) Dual-band: ac (5) & n (2.4 )
Dual-band: n (2.4 &5)
Single-band: n (2.4 )
Source: ABI Research
Chipset shipments in billion
Preferred Wi-Fi/LWA
LTE-U/LAA/MuLTEFire
eICIC CoMP
Coherent transm. & Non-Coherent transm.
X2
ABS Protected Subframe
Aggressor Cell Victim Cell X2
FEATURES FOR HIGH CELLSITE DENSITY
High density traffic can be only addressed by SmallCells. But it brings a new challenge to handle interference. Algorithms standardized in LTE , such as e-ICIC and
CoMP satisfactory solve/mitigate this problem .
SAME TECHNOLOGY
Single network and need only eNB update Enables operators to realize full LTE-A potential
Carrier-grade security, reliability and QoS Seamless Indoor / Outdoor Mobility
Internet
WAG
ePDG
3GPP AAA
ANDSF
EPC
LTE
Wi-Fi
What we are doing?
Rural Suburban Urban Dense Urban Ultra Dense Urban & Indoor
Individual satellite access or Satellite Backhaul.
Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 3G HSPA
Macro LTE 2600 MHz (Anatel Obligation)
Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi
Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz
densification
Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi
Metro Wi-Fi Wi-Fi Public Payphone
Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz
densification
Residential, Enterprise & corporate Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi Public Payphone Indoor DAS
3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz densification
Macro Cell Site LTE 450 MHz or 1800 MHz
Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi 3G HSPA
Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage & voice offload
SmallCell to indoor Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic
below 181 Mbps/km2
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Hetnet
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone
Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification Macro LTE 2600 MHz
densification Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load
balancing or CA
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G
SmallCell & LWA to indoor & outdoor Hetnet
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone
Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification
Multi-sector Macro & LTE 2600 MHz densification
Dual Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi (802.11ad) Femtocell for 3G
Indoor & outdoor SmallCells LWA Cloud RAN & Hetnet
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone
Indoor DAS 3G HSPA densification
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & LTE 2600 MHz
densification Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load
balancing or CA
Macro Cell Site LTE 450 MHz or 1800 MHz
Wi-Fi 802.11af (TVWS) – M2M Residential & Enterprise Wi-Fi
3G HSPA Femtocell for 3G indoor coverage &
voice offload SmallCell to indoor
Macro LTE 1800 MHz for traffic below 181 Mbps/km2
Res., Enter. & corp.Wi-Fi Femtocell for 3G
SmallCell to indoor & outdoor Hetnet
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ac) Wi-Fi Public Payphone
Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load balancing or CA
Res., Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW)
SmallCell LAA indoor Wi-Fi Public Payphone Cloud RAN & HetNet
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & Multiple Frequency Layer LTE for load
balancing or CA
Res., Enter. & Corp. Wi-Fi (802.11ad), SmallCell LAA indoor
Metro Wi-Fi (802.11ax -HEW) Wi-Fi Public Payphone Cloud RAN & HetNet
High Order MIMO/FD-MIMO Multi sector Macro & Multiple Frequency
Layer LTE for load balancing or CA
Coverage & Capacity Strategy Example
Short Term
Mid Term
Long Term
𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔
𝒌𝒎𝟐
Macro <1 GHz Macro Mddle Freq. Macro High Freq. SmallCell/Wi-FI
Oi Wi-Fi Initiatives for High Traffic Capturing
2011: Oi signed up partnership with FON.
2011: Oi started tests with pilot using public
payphone as access point.
2012+: Oi deploys Carrier Wi-Fi in hotspot in main Brazilian cities
2010/2011: Oi bought Vex, the biggest Wi-Fi
operator in Brasil
Backhaul
RESTAURANT
WAG
S11
PCRF
HLR/HSS
OCS/ OFCS
Internet S5
S-GW P-GW
MME
IMS
Gx
Rx S6a
SGi
Gy/Gz Sy
Ro/Rf Sh
Sp 3GPP AAA
Wp/S2a
Wa/Wg
Evolved Packet Core
FON Core Network
AAA Fonera Others
Wx
IP VPN
Source: Teleco Mar/2015
Oi is leader of Wi-Fi coverage in Brazil and on Mar/2015 had over 1 million of hotspots!
Vex Box
Enterprise corporate
Residential ADSL modem with Wi-Fi
All equipment remotely powered through
twisted cupper cable
1,018,466
3.503
2.056
799 175 160
Oi Net LINKTEL TIM Vivo Others
