8/20/2019 Se especifica correctamente la calidad del acero?

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ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB  FMIY]EYZ 9759

^CM AE^MYJE@_ EBN WYDN]O^_ usmn jb iuj`njbh nmsjhbebn odbstruotjdb erm e`adst ubjvmrse``y nmsjhbetmn iy rmfmr-mbom td eb epprdprjetm E_^A spmojstoetjdb. ̂ cjs sjap`jstms tcmnmsjhb ebn odbstruotjdb prdomss imoeusm ydu oeb nmstbm e`` tcmocereotmrjstjos df e spmojstmn prdnuot. Cdwmvmr, wjtc ndzmbs df

 E_^A spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m jb stmm` iuj`njbh odbstruotjdbe`dbm jt oeb im e oce``mbhm td lmmp tcm stebnern nmsjhbetjdbsusmn jb odbtreots ourrmbt.

 ^cjs ertjo`m prdvjnms e suaaery df tcm odaadb E_^Aspmojstoetjdbs usmn jb stmm` iuj`njbh nmsjhb ebn odbstruotjdb,jbo`unjbh struoture` scepms, p`etm prdnuots, festmbjbh prdnuots,ebn dtcmr prdnuots. ^cjs jbfdraetjdb js iesmn db sjaj`er ebnadrm mxtmbsjvm jbfdraetjdb jb tcm 5>tc Mnjtjdb EJ_O _tmm`Odbstruotjdb Aebue` . Zdu aey e`sd stbn jt odbvmbjmbt td usm tcm

 EJ_O pui`joetjdb _m`motmn E_^A _tebnerns fdr _truoture` _tmm` Feirjoetjdb, e odapj`etjdb df adrm tceb 67 stmm`-rm`etmn E_^Astebnerns. (Idtc tcm EJ_O Aebue`  ebn _m`motmn E_^A _tebnerns  erm evej`ei`m fdr purocesm db`jbm et www.ejso.drh/iddlstdrm.)

Bdtm tcet E_^A stebnerns rdutjbm`y jbo`unm e smotjdb dbdrnmrjbh rmqujrmambts tcet `jsts tcm verjei`ms jb meoc stebnerntcet scdu`n im spmojstmn jb e odap`mtm drnmr dr spmojstoetjdb fdrtcm aetmrje`. ^cjs js rdutjbm fdr tcm purocesjbh nmpertambt ettcm `doe` feirjoetjdb odapeby, ebn aey im df hrmet jbtmrmst tddtcmrs es wm``.

_truoture` _cepms

_mm _uaaery jb ^ei`m 5.➮ X-_cepms

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr X-scepms js E_^A E::9 ( F  y  1 =7 lsj,  F u 1 6= lsj). ^cm evej`eij`jty df X-scepmsjb hrenms dtcmr tceb E_^A E::9 scdu`n im odbstramn prjdr

td tcmjr spmojstoetjdb. X-scepms wjtc cjhcmr yjm`n ebn tmbsj`mstrmbhtc oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=89 Hrenm 67,dr 6=, dr E_^A E:5? Hrenms 67, 6= dr 87.

 X-scepms wjtc etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom (wmetcmr-jbh ocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=33Hrenm =7 dr E_^A E9>9 Hrenm >9, >6 dr =7. Dtcmr aetm-rje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m td X-scepms jbo`unm E_^A E?6,

 E_^A E=9: Hrenm =7 ebn ==, E_^A E=89 Hrenm >9 ebn =7,ebn E_^A E:5? Hrenm =7.➮ A-_cepms ebn _-_cepms

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr A-scepms js jb treb-sjtjdb. E_^A E?6 ( F  y 1 ?6 lsj,  F u 1 =3 lsj) rmaejbs odaadb,iut =7 lsj hrenms jbormesjbh`y erm imjbh usmn, jbo`unjbh E_^A

 E=89 Hrenm =7, E_^A E=9: Hrenm =7 dr E_^A E::9< meocdf tcmsm =7 lsj hrenms ces F  y 1 =7 lsj ebn  F u 1 6= lsj fdr tcmsmscepms. ^cm evej`eij`jty df A-scepms jb hrenms dtcmr tceb E?6scdu`n im odbstramn prjdr td tcmjr spmojstoetjdb.

 A-scepms wjtc e cjhcmr yjm`n ebn tmbsj`m strmbhtc oeb im

ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=89 Hrenms ==, 67 ebn 6=, E_^A E=9: Hrenm ==, dr E_^A E:5? Hrenms 67, 6= dr 87. A-scepms wjtc etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom (wmetcmrjbhocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=33Hrenm =7 dr E_^A E9>9 Hrenm =7. Dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoe-tjdbs epp`joei`m td A- ebn _-scepms jbo`unm E_^A E=9: Hrenm>9, E_^A E=89 Hrenm >9 ebn E_^A E:5? Hrenm =7.➮ Ocebbm`s

 ^cm prmomnjbh odaambts fdr A-scepms epp ỳ mquè `y td ocebbm̀ s.Bdtm tcm AO59Ø5>.? tcet eppmers jb tcm ourrmbt E_^A

 E6 `jstjbh df stebnern scepms. ^cjbl df tcjs bmw ocebbm` scepmes e stejr strjbhmr„jt ces e 95 ⁎ 3-jb. ebhm wjntc, wcjoc js wjnmmbduhc td eoompt tcm cebnrej` pjpm ebn st``mt wm`n erdubn jt.

➮CW-_cepms ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr CW scepms

js E_^A E=89 Hrenm =7 ( F  y 1 =7 lsj, F u 1 6= lsj)< tcmevej`eij`jty df dtcmr hrenms scdu`n im odbstramn prjdrtd spmojstoetjdb.

CW-scepms wjtc etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom(wmetcmrjbh ocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmoj-fyjbh E_^A E=33 Hrenm =7 dr E_^A E9>9 Hrenms>6 dr =7. Dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m tdCW-scepms jbo`unm E_^A E?6, E_^A E=9: Hrenms=7 dr ==, E_^A E=89 Hrenms >9, ==, 67 ebn 6=, E_^A E:5? Hrenms =7, 67, 6= ebn 87, ebn E_^A E::9.

Bdtm tcm bmw CW53- ebn CW56-smrjms scepms tcetcevm immb ennmn td E_^A E6.

 EYM ZD] WYDWMY@Z

_WMOJFZJBH AE^MYJE@_4IZ AEY^JB EBNMY_DB EBN

OCEY@M_ K. OEY^MY, _.M., W.M., WC.N.

stmm`wjsm Lmmpjbh teis db E_^A spmojstoetjdbs wj`` cm`p ydu aelm tcm rjhct stmm`

scepm ocdjoms wcmb nmsjhbjbh ebn

iuj`njbh ydur prdkmots.

Aertjb Ebnmrsdb js

oddrnjbetdr df EJ_O‚s

_tmm` _d`utjdbs Ombtmr.

Ocer`ms K. Oertmr, _.M.,

W.M., Wc.N., js vjom

prmsjnmbt ebn ocjmf

struoture` mbhjbmmr et

EJ_O.

8/20/2019 Se especifica correctamente la calidad del acero?

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  FMIY]EYZ 9759  ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB

➮ Ebh`ms ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr ebh`ms js jb trebsj-

tjdb. E_^A E?6 ( F  y 1 ?6 lsj,  F u 1 =3 lsj) rmaejbs odaadb,iut =7 lsj hrenms jbormesjbh`y erm imjbh usmn, jbo`unjbh E_^A

 E=89 Hrenm =7, E_^A E=9: Hrenm =7 dr E_^A E::9< meocdf tcmsm =7 lsj hrenms ces F  y 1 =7 lsj ebn F u 1 6= lsj. ^cm evej`-

eij`jty df ebh`ms jb hrenms dtcmr tceb E_^A E?6 scdu`n im odb-stramn prjdr td tcmjr spmojstoetjdb.

 Ebh`ms wjtc cjhcmr yjm`n ebn tmbsj`m strmbhtc oeb im ditejbmniy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=89 Hrenms ==, 67 dr 6=, E_^A E=9:Hrenm == ebn E_^A E:5? Hrenms 67, 6= dr 87. Ebh`ms wjtcetadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom (wmetcmrjbh ocereotmrjstjos)oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=33 Hrenm =7 dr E_^A

 E9>9 Hrenms >6 dr =7. Dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`mtd ebh`ms jbo`unm E_^A E=9: Hrenm >9, E_^A E=89 Hrenm>9 ebn E_^A E:5? Hrenm =7.➮ _truoture` ̂ mms

_truoture` tmms erm sp`jt frda X-, A- ebn _-scepms td aelm X -̂, A -̂ ebn _ -̂scepms rmspmotjvm`y. Fdr tcm prmfmrrmn aetm-

rje` spmojstoetjdbs, es wm`` es dtcmr sujtei`m aetmrje` spmojstoe-

tjdbs fdr struoture` tmms, rmfmr td tcm prmomnjbh smotjdbs db X-, A- dr _-scepms es epprdprjetm.➮ Ymotebhu`er (ebn _querm) C__

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr rmotebhu`er cd``dwstruoture` smotjdbs (C__) js E_^A E=77 Hrenm I ( F  y 1 >6 lsj,

 F u 1 =3 lsj), e`tcduhc E_^A E=77 Hrenm O ( F  y 1 =7 lsj,  F u 1

69 lsj) js vmry odaadb. ^cm evej`eij`jty df rmotebhu`er C__ jbhrenms dtcmr tceb E_^A E=77 Hrenm I scdu`n im odbstramnprjdr td tcmjr spmojstoetjdb.

Ymotebhu`er C__ wjtc etadspcmrjo rmsjstebom (wmetcmrjbhocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E3>8.Dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m td rmotebhu`er C__jbo`unm E_^A E=75 Hrenms E ebn I ebn E_^A E653.➮ Ydubn C__

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr rdubn C__ js E_^A E=77 Hrenm I ( F  y 1 >9 lsj, F u 1 =3 lsj), e`tcduhc E_^A E=77Hrenm O ( F  y 1 >6 lsj,  F u 1 69 lsj) js vmry odaadb. ^cm evej`-eij`jty df rdubn C__ jb hrenms dtcmr tceb E_^A E=77 Hrenm Iscdu`n im odbstramn prjdr td spmojstoetjdb. Hmbmre``y spmeljbh,

db`y rdubn C__ wjtc tcm seam ordss-smotjdbe` njambsjdbs es

^ei`m 5

 Epp`joei`m E_^A _pmojstoetjdbs fdr Verjdus _truoture` _cepms

_tmm`^ypm

E_^ANmsjhbetjdb

F  y  Ajb. Zjm`n_trmss(lsj)

F u ^mbsj`m_trmsse 

(lsj)

Epp`joei`m _cepm _mrjms

X A _ CW O AO @C__

WjpmYmot. Ydubn

Oeridb

E?6 ?6 =3‟37i

E=? Hr. I ?= 67

E=77

Hr. I>9 =3

>6 =3

Hr. O>6 69

=7 69

E=75Hr. E ?6 =3

Hr. I =7 87

E=9:oHr. =7 =7 6=‟577

Hr. == == 87‟577

Cjhc-_trmbhtc@dw-E``dy

E=89

Hr. >9 >9 67

Hr. =7 =7 6=n

Hr. == == 87

Hr. 67m 67 8=

Hr. 6=m 6= 37

E653f Hr. J & JJ =7h 87h

Hr. JJJ =7 6=

E:5?

=7 =7c 67c

67 67 8=

6= 6= 37

87 87 :7

E::9 =7‟6=j 6=j

OdrrdsjdbYmsjstebt

Cjhc-_trmbhtc

@dw-E``dy

E9>9

>9 k 6? k

>6l 68l

=7` 87`

E=33 =7 87

E3>8 =7 87

e  Ajbjaua ub`mss e rebhm jsscdwb.

i Fdr scepms dvmr >96 `i/ft, db`ytcm ajbjaua df =3 lsj epp`jms.

o  Fdr scepms wjtc e ebhm tcjol-bmss `mss tceb dr mque` td 5.= jb.db`y. ^d japrdvm wm`neij`jty eaexjaua oeridb mqujve`mbt oebim spmojstmn (pmr E_^A _upp`m-

ambtery Ymqujrmambt _83). Jfnmsjrmn, aexjaua tmbsj`m strmssdf :7 lsj oeb im spmojstmn (pmrE_^A _upp`mambtery Ymqujrm-ambt _8:).

n  Jf nmsjrmn, aexjaua tmbsj`mstrmss df 87 lsj oeb im spmojstmn(pmr E_^A _upp`mambtery Ym-qujrmambt _:5).

m Fdr scepms wjtc e ebhm tcjol-bmss `mss tceb dr mque` td 9 jb.db`y.

f  E_^A E653 oeb e`sd im spmoj-stmn es odrrdsjdb-rmsjstebt< smmE_^A E653.

h Ajbjaua epp`jms fdr we``s bdaj-be``y ²-jb. tcjol ebn ubnmr. Fdr

we`` tcjolbmssms dvmr ² jb., F  y  1>6 lsj ebn F u 1 68 lsj.c Jf nmsjrmn, aexjaua yjm`n strmss

df 6= lsj ebn aexjaua yjm`n-td-tmbsj`m strmbhtc retjd df 7.3= oebim spmojstmn (pmr E_^A _upp`m-ambtery Ymqujrmambt _8=).

j  E aexjaua yjm`n-td-tmbsj`mstrmbhtc retjd df 7.3= ebn oeridbmqujve`mbt fdrau`e erm jbo`unmnes aebnetdry jb E_^A E::9.

 k Fdr scepms wjtc e ebhm tcjol-bmss hrmetmr tceb 9 jb. db`y.

l  Fdr scepms wjtc e ebhm tcjol-bmss hrmetmr tceb 5.= jb. ebn `msstceb dr mque` td 9 jb. db`y.

` Fdr scepms wjtc e ebhm tcjolbmss

`mss tceb dr mque` td 5.= jb. db`y.

Wrmfmrrmn aetmrje`spmojstoetjdb.

Dtcmr epp`joei`m aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb, tcm evej`eij`jtydf wcjoc scdu`n im odbstramn prjdr td spmojstoetjdb.

Aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbndms bdt epp`y.

➮

8/20/2019 Se especifica correctamente la calidad del acero?

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ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB  FMIY]EYZ 9759

stmm` pjpm erm stdolmn ebn evej`ei`m. _mm tcm sjnmier im`dw ‐59 ^jnijts‑ fdr furtcmr jbfdraetjdb.

Ydubn C__ wjtc etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom (wmetc-mrjbh ocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A

 E3>8. Dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m td rdubn C__jbo`unm E_^A E=75 Hrenms E ebn I ebn E_^A E653.➮ _tmm` Wjpm

 ^cm aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr stmm` pjpm usmn jb struoture`freams js E_^A E=? Hrenm I ( F  y 1 ?= lsj, F u 1 67 lsj). Jb sdamrmhjdbs, E_^A E=? aetmrje` js adrm rmenj`y evej`ei`m tceb

 E_^A E=77 fdr rdubn ordss-smotjdbs. _mm tcm sjnmier ‐59 ^jn-ijts‑ fdr furtcmr jbfdraetjdb.

W`etm Wrdnuots

_mm _uaaery jb ^ei`m 9.

➮ _truoture` W`etms ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr struoture` p`etms js jb

trebsjtjdb. E_^A E?6 ( F  y 1 ?6 lsj fdr p`etm tcjolbmss mque` td dr`mss tceb 3 jb., F  y 1 ?9 lsj dtcmrwjsm jb.9 lsj fdr Hrenm I< >6 lsjfdr Hrenm O). E_^A E=? js fdr stmm`pjpm (F  y  1 ?= lsj).

>. Ydubn C__ erm sjaj`er td stmm`pjpm. Lbdw tcm sjaj`erjty imtwmmb

evej`ei`m rdubn C__ (E_^A E=77)ebn stmm` pjpm (E_^A E=?). Hmbmr-e``y spmeljbh, db`y rdubn C__ wjtctcm seam ordss-smotjdbe` njambsjdbses stmm` pjpm erm stdolmn ebn evej`-ei`m. _d evdjn spmojfyjbh e rdubnC__ wjtc e ordss-smotjdb tcet ndmsbdt aetoc up td dbm df tcm stmm` pjpmordss-smotjdbs. ^cjs js e `dt mesjmr tcebjt sdubns„kust usm rdubn C__ wjtcbdb-zmrd buaimrs eftmr tcm nmojae`pdjbt. Fdr mxeap`m, C__=.=6?Ø7.9=3ces tcm seam ordss-smotjdb es e Wjpm

= _tn. Ebn jt wj`` hmbmre``y im evej`-

ei`m, wcj`m C__=.777Ø7.9=7 js ebC__-db`y prdnuot ebn wj`` rmqujrm eaj``-drnmr quebtjty td ditejb.

=. Wrdpmr`y nmsjhbetm ydur C__. Erdubn C__ js nmsjhbetmn iy bdajbe`njeamtmr ebn we`` tcjolbmss, meocmxprmssmn td tcrmm nmojae` p`eoms„fdr mxeap`m, C__=.=6?Ø7.9=3. Esquerm dr rmotebhu`er C__ js nmsjh-betmn iy bdajbe` dutsjnm njambsjdbsebn we`` tcjolbmss, meoc jb retjdbe`buaimrs„fdr mxeap`m, C__=Ø?Ø? ⁎ 3.

6. Wrdpmr`y nmsjhbetm ydur stmm`pjpms. ]sm bdajbe` pjpm sjzm (BW_)nmsjhbetjdb tcrduhc BW_ 59„fdrmxeap`m, Wjpm = _tn., Wjpm =x-strdbh dr Wjpm = xx-strdbh. Bdtmtcet tcjs bdtetjdb ces odaadb`yimmb eiirmvjetmn es fd``dws fdrtcm mxeap`ms hjvmb; W=, WS= ebnWSS= rmspmotjvm`y. Eidvm BW_ 59,usm tcm fdraet ‐Wjpm‑ fd``dwmn iynjeamtmr x bdajbe` we`` tcjolbmss,meoc mxprmssmn td tcrmm nmojae`p`eoms. Fdr mxeap`m, e stebnern-

wmjhct BW_ 5> js nmsjhbetmn Wjpm5>.777Ø7.?8=. ^cm `ettmr fdraete`sd epp`jms td eby stmm` pjpm sjzmsae``mr tceb BW_ 59 tcet ndms bdtcevm eb BW_ sjzm.

8. Ndb‚t odbfusm ebocdr rdns wjtcid`ts. Nd bdt spmojfy ydur ebocdrrdns es E_^A E?9= dr E>:7. ^cmE_^A E?9= ebn E>:7 stebnernsodvmr cmenmn id`ts, wjtc `jajtmntcrmen `mbhtc, hmbmre``y evej`ei`mdb`y up td 3 jb. jb `mbhtc, ebn hdv-mrbmn iy prdvjsjdbs  fdr stmm`-td-

stmm` struoture` kdjbts db`y. Zdu sey

ydu‚vm e`weys spmojfjmn ydur ebocdr-ehm nmvjoms tcjs wey ebn jt‚s bmvmrimmb e prdi`ma4 Xm``, tcm rme`-jty js tcet ydur feirjoetdr ces immbewfu``y bjom td bdt maierress ydu iypdjbtjbh dut tcet ydu‚vm spmojfjmn eprdnuot tcet ndms bdt odam jb tcm`mbhtc ydu `jlm`y spmojfjmn„dr es ecddlmn dr `dbhmr-tcrmenmn rdn. ]smE_^A F5==>, wcjoc odvmrs cddlmn,cmenmn ebn tcrmenmn/buttmn rdns jbtcrmm strmbhtc hrenms.

3. Cevm e`` tcm jbfdraetjdb et ydurfjbhmrtjps. Adrm mxtmbsjvm jbfdrae-tjdb oeb im fdubn jb tcm 5>tc MnjtjdbEJ_O _tmm` Odbstruotjdb Aebue`  ebntcm EJ_O pui`joetjdb _m`motmn E_^A_tebnerns fdr _truoture` _tmm` Feirj-oetjdb. Idtc erm evej`ei`m et  www.ejso.drh/iddlstdrm.

:. Ymamaimr td spmojfy tcm e`tmr-betm odrm `doetjdb OVB rmqujrmambtwcmb ydu cevm cmevy scepms drp`etms< smm EJ_O _pmojfjoetjdb  _mo-tjdbs E?.5o ebn E?.5n fdr furtcmr

jbfdraetjdb.57. Xcmb spmojfyjbh wmetcmr-

jbh stmm`, E_^A E9>9 aetmrje` typj-oe``y js adrm njffjou`t td eoqujrm tcebE_^A E=33 aetmrje`.

55. ]sm tcm bmw AO59Ø5>.? fdrstejr strjbhmrs. ^cm cebnrej` pjpmsjzms wj`` fjt„es wj`` tcm fj``mt wm`nsusmn td odbbmot tcma db tcjs bmwocebbm` wjtc e wjnmr f`ebhm.

59. Xcmb jb nduit, ocmol jt dut.Dc wejt, tcjs js buaimr 5. Xm``, jt jsjapdrtebt.

8/20/2019 Se especifica correctamente la calidad del acero?

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  FMIY]EYZ 9759  ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB

^ei`m 9

 Epp`joei`m E_^A _pmojstoetjdbs fdr W`etms ebn Iers

_tmm` ^ypmE_^A

Nmsjhbetjdb

F  y  Ajb. Zjm`n_trmss(lsj)

F u ^mbsj`m_trmsse 

(lsj)

W`etms ebn Iers

td7.8=jbo`.

7.8= td5.9=jbo`.

5.9=td 5.=jbo`.

dvmr5.= td9 jbo`.

dvmr 9td 9.=jbo`.

dvmr9.= td> jbo`.

dvmr> td =jbo`.

dvmr= td 6jbo`.

dvmr6 td 3jbo`.

dvmr3

Oeridb

E?6?9 =3‟37

?6 =3‟37

E=9:Hr. =7 =7 87‟577 i i i i

Hr. == == 87‟577 i i

Cjhc-_trmbhtc @dw-E``dy

E=89

Hr. >9 >9 67

Hr. =7 =7 6=

Hr. == == 87

Hr. 67 67 8=

Hr. 6= 6= 37

Odrrdsjdb YmsjstebtCjhc-_trmbhtc @dw-

E``dy

E9>9

>9 6?

>6 68=7 87

E=33

>9 6?

>6 68

=7 87

Uumbocmn ebn^mapmrmn E``dy

E=5>o:7 577‟5?7

577 557‟5?7

Uumbocmn ebn^mapmrmn @dw-E``dy

E3=9o 87 :7‟557

e Ajbjaua ub`mss e rebhm js scdwb. i Epp`joei`m td iers db`y eidvm 5-jb. tcjolbmss. o Evej`ei`m es p`etms db`y.

stmm`wjsm

_truoture` p`etms wjtc cjhcmr yjm`n ebn tmbsj`m strmbhtc oeb imditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=89 Hrenms ==, 67 dr 6=, E_^A

 E=9: Hrenm ==, E_^A E=5> Hrenms :7 dr 577, dr E_^A E3=9._truoture` p`etms wjtc etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom (wmetc-mrjbh ocereotmrjstjos) oeb im ditejbmn iy spmojfyjbh E_^A E=33Hrenms >9, >6 dr =7 dr E_^A E9>9 Hrenms >9, >6 dr =7. Dtcmraetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs epp`joei`m td struoture` p`etms jbo`unm

 E_^A E=9: Hrenm >9 ebn E_^A E=89 Hrenm >9.➮ _truoture` Iers

 ^cm prmomnjbh odaambts fdr struoture` p`etms epp`y mque``y

td struoture` iers, mxompt tcet E_^A E=9: Hrenm =7 prdvjnmsfdr iers up td 9± jb. tcjol ebn bmjtcmr E_^A E=5> bdr E3=9erm epp`joei`m.➮ Yejsmn-Wettmrb F`ddr W`etms

 E_^A E836 js tcm stebnern spmojstoetjdb fdr rd̀ `mn stmm` ddrp`etms. Es ddr-p`etm nmsjhb js sm`nda odbtrd``mn iy strmbhtcodbsjnmretjdbs, E_^A E836 ‐odaamroje` hrenm‑ js odaadb`yspmojstmn. Jf sd, pmr E_^A E836 _motjdb =.5.?, ‐tcm prdnuot wj``im supp`jmn wjtc 7.??% aexjaua oeridb ebn wjtcdut spmoj-stmn amocebjoe` prdpmrtjms.‑ E`tmrbetjvm`y, jf e nmstbmn strmbhtc`mvm` js nmsjrmn, E_^A E836 rejsmn-pettmrb ddr p`etm oeb imdrnmrmn td e nmstbmn p`etm spmojstoetjdb suoc es E_^A E?6, E=89dr E=33< smm E_^A E836 _motjdb =.5.? ebn _motjdb 3.

➮ _cmmt ebn _trjp_cmmt ebn strjp prdnuots, wcjoc hmbmre``y erm tcjbbmr tceb

struoture` p`etm ebn ier prdnuots, erm prdnuomn td suoc E_^Aspmojstoetjdbs es E676, E5773 dr E5755. Wrmvjdus`y E=87 ebn

 E678 wmrm `jstmn< tcmsm stebnerns cevm immb wjtcnrewb ebn tcmaetmrje`s odvmrmn iy tcma erm bdw jb E5773, E5755 ebn tcjolmraetmrje`s jb E5753. ^cmsm erm ‐uairm``e‑ stebnerns wjtc aebytypms ebn hrenms< tcm struoture` stmm` typm js nmsjhbetmn ‐__‑ebn tcm stebnerns prdvjnm fdr hrenms frda 9= dr ?7 td 37. Evej`-eij`jty scdu`n im ocmolmn imfdrm spmojfyjbh tcm hrenm.

Festmbjbh Wrdnuots

_mm _uaaery jb ^ei`m ?.➮ Odbvmbtjdbè Id`ts

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr odbvmbtjdbe` (cmevycmx) cjhc-strmbhtc id`ts jb stmm`-td-stmm` odbbmotjdbs js E_^A

 E?9=, e`tcduhc E_^A E>:7 oeb im spmojstmn wcmb cjhcmr strmbhtcjs nmsjrmn. Jb mjtcmr oesm, ^ypm 5 js tcm adst odaadb`y spmojstmn(amnjua-oeridb stmm`). Xcmb etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom jsnmsjrmn, ^ypm ? oeb im spmojstmn. Xcj`m stj`` fdrae``y pmrajttmn jbtcm EJ_O _pmojstoetjdb, tcm usm df dtcmr aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs jbstmm`-td-stmm` id`tjbh epp`joetjdbs ces imodam qujtm ubodaadb.➮ ^wjst-Dff ̂ ypm m̂bsjdb-Odbtrd` Id`t Essmai`jms

 ^cmrm erm twd prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs fdr twjst-dff typm tmbsjdb-odbtrd` id`t essmai`jms. E_^A F53=9 dffmrs

e strmbhtc mqujve`mbt td tcet df E_^A E?9= id`ts ebn E_^AF9937 dffmrs e strmbhtc mqujve`mbt td tcet df E_^A E>:7 id`ts.

➮

Wrmfmrrmn aetmrje`spmojstoetjdb.

Dtcmr epp`joei`m aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb, tcm evej`eij`jtydf wcjoc scdu`n im odbstramn prjdr td spmojstoetjdb.

Aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbndms bdt epp`y.

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ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB  FMIY]EYZ 9759

➮ Buts ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr cmevy-cmx buts js E_^A

 E=6?. ̂ cm epprdprjetm hrenm ebn stbjsc js spmojstmn pmr E_̂ A E=6?

  êi`m S5.5 eoodrnjbh td tcm id`t dr tcrmenmn pert wjtc wcjoc tcmbut wj`` im usmn. Fdr stmm`-td-stmm` struoture` id`tjbh epp`joetjdbs,tcm epprdprjetm hrenm ebn stbjsc js suaaerjzmn jb tcm YO_O _pmoj- stoetjdb _motjdb 9.>. Jf jts evej`eij`jty oeb im odbstramn prjdr td spmoj-stoetjdb, E_̂ A E5:> Hrenm 9C buts erm pmrajttmn es eb e`tmrbetjvm,es jbnjoetmn jb tcm YO_O _pmojstoetjdb ^ei`m 9.5.➮ Xescmrs

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr cernmbmn stmm` wescmrs js E_^A F>?6. ̂ cjs spmojstoetjdb prdvjnms fdr idtc etebn imvm`mn wescmrs. Xcj`m stebnern E_^A F>?6 wescmrs ermsufstojmbt jb adst epp`joetjdbs, tcmrm erm smvmre` spmojsto epp`j-oetjdbs wcmb spmoje` wescmrs erm rmqujrmn. ^cm spmoje` wescmrrmqujrmambts jb YO_O _pmojstoetjdb _motjdb 6 epp`y wcmb dvmr-sjzmn dr s`dttmn cd`ms erm usmn jb tcm dutmr p`y df e stmm`-td-stmm`struoture` kdjbt. Jb ebocdr rdn ebn dtcmr maimnambt epp`joe-tjdbs, cd`m sjzms hmbmre``y erm ̀ erhmr tceb tcdsm fdr stmm`-td-stmm`struoture` id`tjbh epp`joetjdbs. Eoodrnjbh`y, wescmrs usmn jbsuoc epp`joetjdbs hmbmre``y erm `erhmr ebn ajhct rmqujrm nmsjhbodbsjnmretjdb fdr prdpmr fdrom trebsfmr, pertjou`er`y wcmb tcmebocdrehm js suikmot td tmbsjdb. Xcmrm ebocdr rdns erm usmn jbcd`ms `erhmr tceb 5 ⁎ 56 jb. ijhhmr tceb tcm rdn, E_^A F3>> wesc-mrs erm pmrajttmn ebn tcmy cevm e `erhmr njeamtmr tceb F>?6.➮ Odaprmssji`m-Xescmr-^ypm Njrmot-^mbsjdb Jbnjoetdrs

 Xcmb id`tmn kdjbts erm spmojstmn es prmtmbsjdbmn dr s`jp-orjtjoe` ebn tcm njrmot-tmbsjdb-jbnjoetdr prmtmbsjdbjbh amtcdn

js usmn, E_^A F:=: odaprmssji`m-wescmr-typm njrmot-tmbsjdbjbnjoetdrs erm spmojstmn. ^ypm ?9= js usmn wjtc E_^A E?9=cjhc-strmbhtc id`ts ebn ^ypm >:7 js usmn wjtc E_^A E>:7cjhc-strmbhtc id`ts. ^cm usm df tcmsm nmvjoms aust odbfdratd tcm rmqujrmambts jb tcm YO_O _pmojstoetjdb, wcjoc prdvjnmsnmtej`mn rmqujrmambts fdr prm-jbste``etjdb vmrjstoetjdb (_mo-tjdb 8), jbste``etjdb (_motjdb 3) ebn jbspmotjdb (_motjdb :). ^cmYO_O _pmojstoetjdb e`sd pmrajts e`tmrbetjvm wescmr-typm jbnjoet-jbh nmvjoms suikmot td tcm prdvjsjdb jb _motjdb 9.6.9.➮ Ebocdr Ydns

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrjè spmojstoetjdb fdr ebocdr rdns js E_^AF5==>, wcjoc odvmrs cddlmn, cmenmn, tcrmenmn ebn buttmn ebocdrrdns jb tcrmm strmbhtc hrenms; ?6, == ebn 57=. E_^A F5==> Hrenm

== js adst odaadb`y spmojstmn, e`tcduhc Hrenms ?6 ebn 57= ermbdrae``y evej`ei`m. E_^A F5==> Hrenm ?6 aey im wm`nmn, wcj`mHrenm == aey im wm`nmn jf jt js drnmrmn wjtc _upp`mambt _5 ebntcm oeridb mqujve`mbt fdrau`e jb _motjdb _5.=.9.5. Hrenm 57= aeybdt im wm`nmn, es tcm cmet wj`` nmtrjambte``y effmot pmrfdraebom._mvmre` dtcmr E_^A spmojstoetjdbs e`sd aey im usmn. Fdr epp`joe-tjdbs jbvd`vjbh rdns tcet erm bdt cmenmn, E_^A E?6, E5:?, E?78,

 E?=>, E>>:, E=89, E=33 ebn E638 oeb im spmojstmn. Bdtm tcet tcm E_^A E?78 Hrenm O ‐ebocdr id`t‑ ces immb nm`mtmn frda E_^A E?78 ebn rmp̀ eomn iy E_^A F5==> Hrenm ?6. Fdr epp`joetjdbsjbvd`vjbh cmenmn rdns E?=> ebn E>>: oeb im spmojstmn.➮ ^crmenmn Ydns

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr tcrmenmn rdns,

 wcmtcmr prdvjnmn wjtc p`ejb dr upsmt mbns, js E_^A E?6. Dtcmr

aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs tcet oeb im spmojstmn jbo`unm E_^A E5:?, E?78, E?=>, E>>:, E=89, E=33 ebn E638. Bdtm tcet E_^A E?=>Hrenm IO ebn E>>: erm pmrajttmn td im usmn fdr id`ts wcmb tcm

sjzm rmqujrmn js dutsjnm tcm rebhm df E_^A E?9=. E_^A E?=>Hrenm IN js pmrajttmn wcmb tcm sjzm rmqujrmn js dutsjnm tcmrebhm df E_^A E>:7. ^cmsm stebnerns erm aetmrje` stebnerns,bdt id`t stebnerns, sd tcm nmsjrmn njambsjdbs cevm td im spmojstmnes pmr EB_J E_AM I53.9.6 cmevy cmx O`ess 9E.➮ _cmer _tun Odbbmotdrs

 ^cm prmfmrrmn aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb fdr scmer stun odbbmo-tdrs usmn fdr tcm jbtmrodbbmotjdb df stmm` ebn odbormtm m`mambtsjb odapdsjtm odbstruotjdb js E_^A E9: prdvjnmn jb e odbnjtjdbnmstbmn jb E_^A E573. ̂ cm amocebjoe` rmqujrmambts erm stetmnjb EX_ N5.5 ^ei`m 8.5 fdr ^ypm I ( F  y 1 =7 lsj, F u 1 6= lsj).➮ Fdrhmn _tmm` _truoture` Cernwerm

Fdrhmn stmm` struoture` cernwerm prdnuots, suoc es o`mvjsms,turbiuol`ms, mym buts ebn s`mmvm buts erm dooesjdbe``y usmn jbiuj`njbh nmsjhb ebn odbstruotjdb. ^cmsm prdnuots erm hmbmre``yprdvjnmn td EJ_J aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbs. EJ_J O-57?= js oda-adb`y usmn jb tcm aebufeoturm df o`mvjsms ebn turbiuol`ms. EJ_JO-57?7 js odaadb`y usmn jb tcm aebufeoturm df stmm` mym butsebn stmm` mym id`ts. EJ_J O-5753 Hrenm 9 js odaadb`y usmn jb tcmaebufeoturm df s`mmvm buts. Dtcmr prdnuots, suoc es stmm` rdn mbns,stmm` ydlm mbns ebn pjbs, odttmr pjbs ebn odup`jbh buts erm prd-

 vjnmn hmbmrjoè `y es ‐oeridb stmm`.‑ ̂ cm njambsjdbè ebn strmbhtcocereotmrjstjos df tcmsm nmvjoms erm nmsorjimn jb tcm `jtmreturm prd- vjnmn iy tcmjr aebufeoturmrs. Bdtm tcet suoc jbfdraetjdb aey imprdvjnmn es e sefm wdrljbh `den ebn iesmn updb e feotdr df sefmty

es cjhc es stvm, essuajbh tcet tcm prdnuot wj`` im usmn jb rjhhjbh drsjaj`er epp`joetjdbs suikmot td nybeajo `denjbh. Jf sd, tcm teiu`er ve`um ajhct im dvmr̀ y odbsmrvetjvm fdr pmraebmbt jbstè `etjdbs ebnsjaj`er epp`joetjdbs suikmot td stetjo `denjbh db`y. Jb tcmsm epp`joe-tjdbs, e feotdr df sefmty df tcrmm js adrm odaadb.➮ Fj``mr Amte`

 ^cm epprdprjetm st``mr amte` fdr struoture` stmm` js suaae-rjzmn jb EB_J/EX_ N5.5 ^ei`m ?.5 fdr tcm verjdus odaijbe-tjdbs df iesm amte` spmojstoetjdb ebn hrenm, ebn m`motrdnm spmoj-stoetjdb. E tmbsj`m strmbhtc `mvm` df 87 lsj js jbnjoetmn fdr tcmaekdrjty df tcm odaadb`y usmn stmm`s jb iuj`njbh odbstruotjdb.

Dtcmr Wrdnuots

➮ _tmm` Oestjbhs ebn Fdrhjbhs_tmm` oestjbhs erm spmojstmn es E_^A E98 Hrenm 6=-?= dr E_^A

 E956/E956A Hrenm XOI wjtc supp`mambtery rmqujrmambt _55Hrenm 37-?=. _tmm` fdrhjbhs erm spmojstmn es E_^A E663.➮ Orebm Yej`s

Orebm rej`s erm furbjscmn td E_^A E8=:, E_^A E5 ebn/ dr aebufeoturmr‚s spmojstoetjdbs ebn td`mreboms. Yej` js nms-jhbetmn iy ubjt wmjhct jb ubjts df pdubns pmr yern. Njamb-sjdbs df odaadb rej` erm scdwb jb tcm EJ_O 5>tc Mnjtjdb

 Aebue`  ^ei`m 5-95. Adst aebufeoturmrs oceafmr tcm tdp ebnsjnms df tcm orebm rej` cmen et tcm mbns ub`mss spmojstmn dtcmr-

 wjsm td rmnuom ocjppjbh df tcm rubbjbh surfeoms. Dftmb orebmrej`s erm drnmrmn es mbn-cernmbmn, wcjoc japrdvms tcm orebm

rej` mbns‚ rmsjstebom td japeot frda odbteot wjtc tcm adv-

stmm`wjsm

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  FMIY]EYZ 9759  ADNMYB _^MM@ ODB_^Y]O^JDB

^ei`m ?

 Epp`joei`m E_^A _pmojstoetjdbs fdr Verjdus ŷpms df _truoture` Festmbmrs

E_^ANmsjhbetjdb

F  y  Ajb.

 Zjm`n_trmss(lsj)

F u ^mbsj`m_trmsse 

(lsj)

Njeamtmr Yebhm(jb.)

Cjhc-_trmbhtc

Id`ts  O  daa dbI  d`   t  s 

B u t  s 

X e s c  mr  s 

Nj  r  m

 o t -̂   mb s j   db-J  b n j   o e t  dr  s 

^ c r  m e n  m n Y  d n  s 

 _ c  m

 er  _  t  u n  O  dbb m o t  dr  s 

EbocdrYdns

 O  dbv mb t j   db e`  

^ wj   s  t - Df  f  -̂   y

  p m

^  mb s j   db- O  db t r  d`  

C d dl  m n 

C m e n  m n 

^ c r  m e n  m n  & 

B u t  t  m n 

E573 „ 67 7.?8= td 7.8= jbo`.

E?9=n„ 57= dvmr 5 td 5.= jbo`.

„ 597 7.= td 5 jbo`.

E>:7n „ 5=7 7.= td 5.=

F53=9n„ 57= 5.59=

„ 597 7.= td 5 jbo`.

F9937n „ 5=7 7.= td 5.59= jbo`.

E5:> Hr. 9C „ „ 7.9= td >

E=6? „ „ 7.9= td >

F>?6i „ „ 7.9= td >

F:=: „ „ 7.= td 5.=

E?6 ?6 =3‟37 td 57

E5:? Hr. I8m„ 577 dvmr > td 8

„ 55= dvmr 9.= td >

„ 59= 9.= ebn ubnmr  

E?78 Hr. E „ 67 7.9= td >

E?=> Hr. IN„ 5>7 9.= td > jbo`.

„ 5=7 7.9= td 9.= jbo`.

E>>:„ :7 5.8= td ? jbo`. o

„ 57= 5.59= td 5.= jbo`. o

„ 597 7.9= td 5 jbo`. o

E=89

Hr. >9 >9 67 td 6

Hr. =7 =7 6= td >

Hr. == == 87 td 9

Hr. 67 67 8= td 5.9=

Hr. 6= 6= 37 td 5.9=

E=33

>9 6? dvmr = td 3 jbo`.

>6 68 dvmr > td = jbo`.

=7 87 > ebn ubnmr  

E638 57= 5=7 aex. 7.69= td ?

F5==>Hr. ?6 ?6 =3‟37 7.9= td >Hr. == == 8=‟:= 7.9= td >

Hr. 57= 57= 59=‟5=7 7.9= td ?

stmm`wjsm

 „ Jbnjoetms tcet e ve`um js bdt spmojstmnjb tcm aetmrje` spmojstoetjdb.

e Ajbjaua ub`mss e rebhm js scdwb draexjaua (aex.) js jbnjoetmn.

i _pmoje` wescmr rmqujrmambts aey ep-p`y pmr YO_O _pmojstoetjdb ^ei`m 6.5fdr sdam stmm`-td-stmm` id`tjbh epp`j-oetjdbs ebn pmr Wert 5> fdr ebocdr-rdnepp`joetjdbs.

o _mm EJ_O _pmojstoetjdb _motjdb K?.5 fdr`jajtetjdbs db usm df E_^A E>>: id`ts.

n Xcmb etadspcmrjo odrrdsjdb rmsjstebomjs nmsjrmn, ̂ ypm ? oeb im spmojstmn.m Fdr ebocdr rdns wjtc tmapmreturm ebn

odrrdsjdb rmsjstebom ocereotmrjstjos.

Wrmfmrrmn aetmrje`spmojstoetjdb.

Dtcmr epp`joei`m aetmrje`spmojstoetjdb, tcmevej`eij`jty df wcjoc scdu`nim odbstramn prjdr tdspmojstoetjdb.

Aetmrje` spmojstoetjdbndms bdt epp`y.

jbh wcmm` nurjbh orebm dpmretjdb. E`tmrbetjvm`y, tcm mbtjrmrej` oeb im drnmrmn es cmet-trmetmn. Xcmb aexjaua wcmm``denjbh dr odbtrd``mn odd`jbh js bmmnmn, rmfmr td aebufeoturmroete`dhs. Wurocesm drnmrs fdr orebm rej`s scdu`n im bdtmn ‐fdrorebm smrvjom.‑ @jhct >7-`i rej`s erm evej`ei`m jb ?7-ft `mbhtcs,stebnern rej`s jb ??-ft dr ?:-ft `mbhtcs, ebn orebm rej`s up td37 ft. Odbsu`t aebufeoturmr fdr evej`eij`jty df dtcmr `mbhtcs.

Yej`s scdu`n im errebhmn sd tcet kdjbts db dppdsjtm sjnms df

tcm orebm rubwey wj`` im stehhmrmn wjtc rmspmot td meoc dtcmrebn wjtc num odbsjnmretjdb td tcm wcmm`iesm df tcm orebm. Yej` kdjbts scdu`n bdt doour et orebm hjrnmr sp`joms. Dnn `mbhtcstcet aust im jbo`unmn td odap`mtm e rub dr ditejb tcm bmo-mssery stehhmr scdu`n im bdt `mss tceb 57-ft `dbh. Yej`s ermfurbjscmn wjtc stebnern nrj``jbh jb idtc stebnern ebn dnn`mbhtcs ub`mss stjpu`etmn dtcmrwjsm db tcm drnmr.

➮