sea-water m€¦ · · 2015-12-22© ucles 2013 0625/32/m/j/13 for examiner’s use ... fig. 1.1...
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows a side view of a large tank in a marine visitor attraction.
M
sea-water
viewingpanel
tank
Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)
The tank is 51 m long and 20 m wide. The sea-water in the tank is 11 m deep and has a density of 1030 kg / m3.
(a) Calculate the mass of water in the tank.
mass = ................................................. [3]
(b) The pressure at point M, halfway down the large viewing panel, is 60 kPa more than atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the depth of M below the surface of the water.
depth = ................................................. [2]
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(c) The viewing panel is 32.8 m wide and 8.3 m high.
Calculate the outward force of the water on the panel. Assume that the pressure at M is the average pressure on the whole panel.
force = ................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the extension-load graph for a spring.
00
load
extensionP
Fig. 2.1
Point P is the limit of proportionality.
(a) (i) Name the law obeyed by the spring from the origin to P.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Describe two features of the graph which show that the law is obeyed.
1. ...............................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................[2]
(b) On Fig. 2.1, sketch a possible continuation of the graph when the spring is loaded
beyond the limit of proportionality. [1]
[Total: 4]
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3 Water molecules evaporate from a puddle and escape to the atmosphere. Water molecules also escape to the atmosphere from water boiling in a kettle.
(a) State two ways in which evaporation differs from boiling.
1. ......................................................................................................................................
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2. ......................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) This part of the question is about an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water.
(i) Suggest apparatus that will provide thermal energy (heat) and state the readings needed to determine the amount of thermal energy provided.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
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readings ...................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Suggest apparatus required for determining the mass of liquid vaporised and state the readings needed to determine that mass.
apparatus .................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
readings ...................................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]
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4 A rocket, initially at rest on the ground, accelerates vertically.
It accelerates uniformly until it reaches a speed of 900 m / s after 30 s.
After this period of uniform acceleration, the rocket engine cuts out. During the next 90 s, the upward speed of the rocket decreases uniformly to zero.
(a) On Fig. 4.1, plot a speed-time graph for the rocket for the first 120 s of its flight.
time / s
speedm / s
Fig. 4.1 [4]
(b) Using the graph,
(i) calculate the acceleration during the first 30 s,
acceleration = .................................................. [2]
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(ii) determine the height reached by the rocket after 120 s.
height reached = .................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows an aerial view of wavefronts passing from the open sea into an outer harbour.
direction ofwave travel
outer harbourwall
outer harbour
open sea
inner harbour
inner harbourwall
Fig. 5.1
(i) The wavefronts in the outer harbour are curving at their ends.
Name the process that is occurring at the entrance to the harbour.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) On Fig. 5.1, carefully complete the wave pattern as the wavefronts progress through the outer harbour and into the inner harbour. Show the rest of the wave pattern in the outer harbour and three wavefronts in the inner harbour. [3]
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(b) Fig. 5.2 shows an aerial view of wavefronts in deep water approaching a region of shallow water where they travel more slowly.
direction ofwave travel
deep water shallow water
interface
Fig. 5.2
(i) Name the process that occurs as the wavefronts pass from deep to shallow water.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Complete Fig. 5.2 to show possible positions of the five wavefronts in the shallow water. [2]
[Total: 7]
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6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows two rays from a point object P incident on a water surface.
An observer sees the image of P produced by reflection at the surface of the water.
P
air
water
watersurface
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw the reflected rays and complete the diagram to locate the position of the image. Label the position of the image I. [2]
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows two rays from a point object Q incident on another water surface.
An observer sees the image of Q produced by refraction at the surface of the water.
Q
air
water
watersurface
Fig. 6.2
On Fig. 6.2, draw possible refracted rays and complete the diagram to locate a possible position of the image. Label the position of the image J.
You do not need to calculate any angles. [2]
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(c) The refractive index of water is 1.33.
Calculate the critical angle.
critical angle = .................................................. [2]
(d) Describe, with a diagram, a medical use of optical fibres.
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[Total: 9]
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7 The solar charger shown in Fig. 7.1 is used to charge portable electronic devices in a part of the world without any other electricity supply.
solar panels
Fig. 7.1
The dimensions of each of the solar panels are 0.25 m × 0.20 m. The solar power incident on 1.0 m2 of flat ground in this part of the world is 260 W.
(a) Calculate the total solar power incident on the two panels of the charger.
solar power = ................................................. [2]
(b) The output of the charger is 0.95 A at 20 V.
Calculate the efficiency of the charger.
efficiency = .................................................. [3]
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(c) Three devices A, B and C are connected together and then connected to the 20 V charger. The potential difference (p.d.) across A is measured as 14 V, across B it is 14 V and across C it is 6 V.
Complete Fig. 7.2 to show the arrangement of the devices connected to the charger. Draw devices B and C as similar boxes to the box shown for device A.
device A
output from charger20 V
Fig. 7.2 [2]
(d) Two other devices, D and E, have resistances of 20 Ω and 30 Ω.
Calculate the total resistance of D and E when they are connected in parallel.
total resistance = .................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
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8 Fig. 8.1 shows a vertical current-carrying wire passing through a card at point X.
current direction
card
ZYX
Fig. 8.1
(a) On Fig. 8.1, sketch on the card the pattern of the magnetic field produced by the current in the wire. The detail of your sketch should suggest the variation in the strength of the field. Show the direction of the field with arrows. [3]
(b) Using your knowledge of investigating the magnetic field around a bar magnet, suggest an experiment or experiments to confirm that you have drawn the correct pattern and direction in (a).
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(c) A second current-carrying wire is inserted vertically through the card at Y.
Suggest why there is now a force on the wire at X.
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) The wire at Y is moved to Z. It still carries the same current.
Tick the appropriate box to indicate whether the force on the wire at X is now smaller, greater or the same.
smaller
greater
same [1]
[Total: 10]
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9 There is an alternating current in the primary coil of the transformer shown in Fig. 9.1.
soft-iron core
primarycoil
secondarycoil
Fig. 9.1
(a) Tick one box in each line of the table that best describes the magnetic field in the core and the magnetic field in the secondary coil.
magnetic field
continually increasing and
decreasing
continually increasing
continually decreasing
zero
soft-iron core
secondary coil [2]
(b) State and explain the effect on the output from the secondary coil of
(i) increasing the voltage across the primary coil,
output .......................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................[2]
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(ii) replacing the alternating current in the primary coil with direct current from a battery.
output .......................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
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..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]
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10 There are two stable, naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen.
Common hydrogen (hydrogen-1) has a proton number of 1 and a nucleon number of 1.
Hydrogen-2 (deuterium) has a nucleon number of 2.
There is also a radioactive isotope of hydrogen called tritium (hydrogen-3), with a nucleon number of 3.
(a) Complete the table for neutral atoms of these isotopes.
hydrogen-1 hydrogen-2 (deuterium)
hydrogen-3 (tritium)
number of protons
number of neutrons
number of electrons [3]
(b) Two samples of tritium are stored in aluminium containers of different thickness.
Sample 1 is in a container of thickness 0.5 mm and radiation can be detected coming through the container.
Sample 2 is in a container of thickness 5 mm and no radiation comes through.
(i) State the type of radiation coming through the container of Sample 1.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Explain your answer to (b)(i).
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Under conditions of extremely high temperature and pressure, as in the interior of the Sun, hydrogen nuclei can join together.
(i) Name this process.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) State whether energy is released, absorbed or neither released nor absorbed during this reaction.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
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(d) When a nucleus of a certain isotope of uranium is bombarded by a suitable neutron, it splits into two smaller nuclei and energy is released.
Name this process.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
11 Fig. 11.1 shows the main components of a cathode-ray oscilloscope.
Fig. 11.1
(a) (i) Name the particles that are in the beam.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Explain the purpose of the heater.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Explain why there is a vacuum in the tube.
..................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) When no potential difference (p.d.) is applied across either the X-plates or the Y-plates, a spot is seen in the centre of the fluorescent screen.
Describe the p.d.s applied to the X-plates and to the Y-plates when the spot moves up and down in the centre of the screen.
X-plates ............................................................................................................................
Y-plates ............................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 5]
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1 A school athlete does a sprint training run. Fig. 1.1 shows how her speed varies with time.
2
2
0
4
6
8
4 6time / s
speedm / s
8 100
Fig. 1.1
(a) Explain how the graph in Fig. 1.1 can be used to determine the distance she runs.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Determine her maximum acceleration. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the necessary information.
maximum acceleration = .................................................. [4]
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(c) She runs a distance of 62 m.
Calculate her average speed.
average speed = .................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a model fire engine used by a student to take measurements of force and motion.
FIRE
model fire enginecontaining water tank
jet of water
forcemeter
lightbeams
12 mm
Fig. 2.1
The model projects a jet of water forwards. The forcemeter holds the model stationary. It indicates a force of 0.060 N acting on the model.
The forcemeter is now disconnected and the model accelerates to the right at 0.030 m / s2.
(a) The back of the model breaks a pair of light beams and the time to pass between them is measured electronically. The beams are 12 mm apart and the second beam is broken 0.080 s after the first.
The student times with a stopwatch how long it takes from the release of the model until the beams are cut.
Calculate the time he measures.
time measured = .................................................. [4]
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(b) This experiment is carried out with the water tank in the model nearly full.
Calculate the mass of the model including the water in the tank.
mass = .................................................. [2]
(c) The student repeats the experiment with the same force but with the water tank nearly empty.
State and explain how the acceleration will compare to that of the first experiment.
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[Total: 8]
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3 (a) (i) State one similarity and one difference between vector and scalar quantities.
similarity ...................................................................................................................
difference .............................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) Give an example of each quantity.
vector quantity ..........................................................................................................
scalar quantity ...................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 3.1 is an overhead view of two tractors pulling a tree trunk.
tractors
20 000 N
30 000 N
20° tree trunk
Fig. 3.1
The force exerted by each tractor is indicated in the diagram.
In the space below, carefully draw a scale diagram to determine the resultant force on the tree trunk. State the scale you use.
Write down the magnitude of the resultant force and the angle between the resultant force and one of the original forces.
magnitude of resultant force = ......................................................
direction of resultant force = ......................................................[4]
[Total: 8]
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4 Fig. 4.1 shows a small, closed, transparent chamber containing smoke.
bright light
smoke in chamber
microscope
closedtransparent
chamber
Fig. 4.1
The chamber is brightly lit and observed through a microscope. The smoke particles are seen as very small, bright dots.
(a) Describe the movement of the dots.
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...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Explain, in terms of molecules, how this movement is caused.
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(c) Describe what is seen as the smoke particles move towards and away from the observer.
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[Total: 5]
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5 Fig. 5.1 shows two identical metal cans, open at the top, used in an experiment on thermal energy. The outside of can A is polished and the outside of can B is painted black.
can A can B
blacksurface
polishedsurface
Fig. 5.1
(a) The cans are heated to the same temperature. Predict and explain the relative rates of loss of thermal energy by infra-red radiation from the two cans.
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(b) (i) A student is provided with the two cans, a supply of hot water and two thermometers.
Describe the experiment he should carry out to test your answer to (a).
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(ii) Another student is given the same equipment but finds two polystyrene tiles. Fig. 5.2 shows the tiles alongside the cans.
can A can B
blacksurface
polishedsurface
polystyrenetiles
Fig. 5.2
State how she could use the tiles to improve the experiment, and explain why this is effective.
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(c) The two cans are now filled with cold water and placed equal distances from a strong source of infra-red radiation.
State and explain which can of water heats up more quickly.
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[Total: 10]
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6 (a) Draw a straight line from each wave to the most appropriate speed on the right.
wave speed
light in air
sound in air
sound in water
15 m / s (1.5 × 10 m / s)
300 m / s(3 × 102 m / s)
1500 m / s(1.5 × 103 m / s)
1 500 000 m / s(1.5 × 106 m / s)
300 000 000 m / s(3 × 108 m / s)
1 500 000 000 m / s(1.5 × 109 m / s)
[3]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows a railway-line testing-team checking a continuous rail of length 120 m. The diagram is not to scale.
earphone
sensorsteel rail hammer
Fig. 6.1 (not to scale)
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One tester strikes one end of the rail with a hammer. The other tester hears the sound transmitted through the air and transmitted through the rail. He hears the two sounds at different times.
The speed of sound in steel is 5000 m / s.
Calculate the time difference, using your value from (a) for the speed of sound in air.
time difference = .................................................. [4]
[Total: 7]
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7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray diagram of a converging lens forming the image I of the object O.
A
C
observer’s eye
D
OB
I
Fig. 7.1
(i) Put a tick in two boxes in the following list to describe the image formed by the lens in Fig. 7.1.
description place two ticks in this column
real
virtual
magnified(enlarged)
same size
diminished(smaller)
(ii) Which length, on Fig. 7.1, is the focal length of the lens? Circle one of the lengths below.
AB BC BD CD [3]
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(b) In this question, you will apply the laws of reflection for a plane mirror to a curved mirror.
This mirror is shown in Fig. 7.2. The normal at any point on this mirror is the line from that point to the point C.
C
O
M
mirror
P
Fig. 7.2
Two rays have been drawn from the object O.
On Fig. 7.2,
(i) draw the normal to the mirror at M, [1]
(ii) draw the ray reflected from M, [1]
(iii) draw the ray reflected from P, [1]
(iv) extend the reflected rays back to the right of the mirror and locate the image. Label this image I. [2]
[Total: 8]
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8 (a) A piece of wire has a resistance of 0.45 Ω.
Calculate the resistance of another piece of wire of the same material with a third of the length and half the cross-sectional area.
resistance = .................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit with three resistors, a power supply and four voltmeters.
V
V
V
V
reading V1
reading V4
power supply
1
3 2
I2
I1
I3 I4
reading V2 reading V3
Fig. 8.1
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(i) Calculate the combined resistance of the three resistors.
resistance = .................................................. [3]
(ii) Write down two relationships for the currents in the circuit.
[2]
(iii) Write down two relationships for the voltmeter readings in the circuit.
[2]
[Total: 10]
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9 (a) An electrical safety expert is inspecting a laundry. The main workroom has a very hot and damp atmosphere.
The safety expert recommends that normal domestic light switches, as shown in Fig. 9.1, are replaced.
Fig. 9.1
(i) Explain why this recommendation is made.
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(ii) Suggest how the lights should be switched on and off.
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(b) Fig. 9.2 shows an aircraft being refuelled through a rubber hose.
Fig. 9.2
(i) Suggest how fuel flowing through the hose can cause a large build-up of electric charge on the aircraft.
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(ii) The aircraft is refuelled on a particular day when the tyres and wheels are wet.
Explain why there will be no large build-up of charge in this case.
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[Total: 6]
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10 (a) (i) Fig. 10.1 shows the symbol for a logic gate.
Fig. 10.1
Name this logic gate.
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Draw the symbol for a NOR gate.
[2]
(b) (i) The two inputs of a NAND gate are both low (logic level 0).
Write down the output state.
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) One input of a NAND gate is low (logic level 0) and the other input is high (logic level 1).
Write down the output state.
.............................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A logic gate contains a number of components.
Circle one of the following that is contained in a logic gate.
thermistor transformer transistor transmitter [1]
[Total: 5]