sean hazlett central catholic high school grade 9 › extracurricular science › pjas...central...
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Sean Hazlett
Central Catholic High School
Grade 9
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Chemical fertilizers:
Harm the environment
Used widely
Plant fertilizers
"ingredients“ - enhance plant growth
Competition
This experiment:
Two all-purpose fertilizers - which product works the best
Looking for noticeable effect
Is there a better fertilizer that people can use that is less harmful to the
environment or is no fertilizer the best fertilizer?
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What fertilizer works best (seedlings):
Chemical
Organic
No fertilizer
Effects of fertilizer on seedlings
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Light, odorless, transparent green (concentrated)
Easy and pleasant
“All purpose plant food”
“Feeds all types of plants instantly”
Application: seven to fourteen days
Mix with water
Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
“The three most important nutrients the plants need” - Miracle-Gro
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Unpleasant odor and coloration
Benefits:
“Won’t burn” plants
“Great for all indoor and outdoor plants”
Fish fertilizer – used for centuries
Nitrogen, phosphate, and potash
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Squash
Cucurbita pepo variety
North America
Came from Mexico
Food, decoration, and recreation
Weigh 6 to 75 lbs.
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Scientific Name: Cucurbita
Native to Americas
Europe - discovered
Place of Origin - Andes and Mesoamerica
Five (common) species - squash
Fruit and seeds (edible)
Utensils, storage containers, decoration, etc.
Contains: vitamin A, vitamin C, dietary fiber, niacin,
folic acid, and iron; free of cholesterol.
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Gourd family
Grow on vines
Three main varieties: slicing, pickling, and
burpless
From Southern Asia
Widespread today
Found on most continents
Desired and sold on global markets
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Liquid fertilizer:
Gives greatest release of nutrients
Releases nutrients fastest
Result: grow most quickly and healthy
Powdered and solid fertilizers – slower
Easiest to apply because:
Mixed with water
Applied - top of the soil
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Null Hypothesis
Fertilizer will not
increase plant
growth.
Alternative Hypothesis
Fertilizer will
improve the
growth of the
tested plants.
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Miracle-Gro All Purpose Plant Food
Alaska Fish Fertilizer
pumpkin seeds
squash seeds
cucumber seeds
okra seeds (back up group)
peat planting cups
styrofoam cups
Jiffy Natural and Organic Seed Starting Mix
plastic food wrap
various colored tape rolls
plant sticks and clips
camera (optional)
5-foot tall adjustable lighting stand
4-foot grow lights
Hydrofoam 4-foot fluorescent grow light fixture
2-in-1 soil moisture / light tester
thermometer / humidity gauge
Ohaus Pioneer Scale (measures down to .0001 grams)
plastic weigh boats (6)
60 mL syringe
Sharpie pen
scissors
journal / notebook and pen
de-chlorinated water
glass terrarium
ruler / tape measure
plastic folding table
5 or more 2-gallon buckets
printer paper
large plastic sheet
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1. Assembled light and light fixture, table, aquarium, and positioned light fixture (light
should be one inch above the top of aquarium)
2. Filled all peat planting cups (36) with Jiffy Natural and Organic Seed Starting Mix
3. Made small indentation for seeds in the top soil in the peat cups for the seeds (1/2 to 1/4
inch deep [ 2x the width of the seed])
4. Cut off tops of 36 Styrofoam cups (1 inch from bottom) (keep bottoms only), labeled each (1
to 36), paired with a peat pot, organized each according to the chart (see Diagram 1)
5. Inserted respective seed, watered plants (10 mL each) [repeated every 2 days]
6. Placed plastic wrap on top of aquarium to retain moisture (removed when lighting switched
to 12-hour intervals)
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16
O
15
S
28
O
6
C
18
S
30
P
8
C
20
S
32
P
13
S
14
O
27
P
5
C
17
S
29
P
7
C
19
S
31
P
3
C
4
O
26
O
10
C
22
S
34
P
12
C
24
S
36
P
1
C
2
O
25
P
9
C
21
S
33
P
11
C
23
S
35
P
Diagram 1
P = Pumpkin
S = Squash
C = Cucumber
O = Okra (Back up in case a seed
group did not sprout)
-Control
-Low M-Grow
-High M-Grow
-Low O. Fert
-High O. Fert
Low
¼ tsp. per
gallon
Low
1 tsp. per
gallon
High
½ tsp. per
gallon
High
2 tsp. per
gallon
Miracle-Gro Organic Fert.
Diagram 2
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7. Monitored temperature and humidity to keep it consistent
throughout experiment
8. Day 14 - began fertilization - mixed with one gallon of
water, applied to plants (10 mL) every two weeks
9. Day 41 – removed plants
10.Powered on Ohaus Pioneer Scale, blanked scale, cut plants at
dirt level, removed soil from both sections of plant, took 2
measurements (wet and dry), and quantified data
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Pumpkin Dry Biomass
Dry, Above = 0.444311
P-Values:Dry, Below = 0.493237 Dry, Total = 0.653131
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Squash Dry Biomass
Dry, Above = 0.444311
P-Values:Dry, Below = 0.493237 Dry, Total = 0.653131
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Cucumber Dry Biomass
Dry, Above = 0.444311
P-Values:Dry, Below = 0.493237 Dry, Total = 0.653131
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
RA
TIO
(A
BO
VE-B
ELO
W G
RO
UN
D M
ASS)
FERTILIZER
Pumpkin Dry BiomassP-Value: 0.331212
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
RA
TIO
FERTILIZER
Squash Dry BiomassP-Value: 0.331212
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0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
RA
TIO
FERTILIZER
Cucumber Dry BiomassP-Value: 0.331212
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Based on this experiment:
Fertilizer did not have a direct effect on seedlings and their
early development
Neither organic or Miracle-Gro fertilizer appeared to have
a significant benefit
P-Value was far above the 0.05 standard
The null hypothesis is accepted
Observations
Fertilizer caused the seedlings to grow quickly and
spindly
Leaves showed slight traces of yellow - too many nutrients
Hypothesis
Purpose
Experiment
Results
Conclusion
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Limitations
Too short of a growing cycle
for the plants to properly
mature.
Not a “natural” germination
/ growing period
Too small of a seed
sample and too few
replications
Difficulty in removing soil
from the plants’ roots in
biomass measurement
Extensions
Experiment is only
preliminary
Add more seed
variety, replicates,
and time
Add light and
distance from light
source – new variable
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Amerman, Don. “The Effects of Fertilizer on Plant Growth.” eHow. 14 Dec. 2014
http://www.ehow.com/about_5368263_effects-fertilizer-plant-growth.html.
Delp, Rachel. “The Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Plants.” Demand Media.
Home Guides. 14 Dec. 2014
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/effects-organic-fertilizer-plants-69435.html.
“Fertilizer.” Wikipedia. Charles Drakew. 14 Dec. 2014. 14 Dec. 2014
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertilizer.
“Is Plant Food the Same as Fertilizer?” eHow. 14 Dec. 2014
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4564047_fertilizer-work.html.
“Plant Nutrients.” NCAGR. 14 Dec. 2014 http://www.ncagr.gov/cyber/kidswrld/plant/nutrient.htm.
Whiting, David; Wilson, Carl; Reeder, Jean. “Understanding Fertilizers.” CMG GardenNotes No. 232. Yard and Garden Publications. Oct. 2014. Colorado Master Gardener Program, Colorado State University Extension. 14 Dec. 2014 http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/232.html.
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Pumpkin Wet Biomass
Control M-G Low M-G High O.F. Low O.F. High
0.882937 0.718329 0.58935
P-Values:
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Squash Wet Biomass
Control M-G Low M-G High O.F. Low O.F. High
0.882937 0.718329 0.58935
P-Values:
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Above Below Total
MA
SS
PART OF PLANT
Cucumber Wet Biomass
Control M-G Low M-G High O.F. Low O.F. High
0.882937 0.718329 0.58935
P-Values:
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
RA
TIO
(BELO
W-A
BO
VE G
RO
UN
D M
ASS)
FERTILIZER
Pumpkin Wet BiomassP-Value: 0.665292
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
RA
TIO
FERTILIZER
Squash Wet BiomassP-Value: 0.665292
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
RA
TIO
FERTILIZER
Cucumber Wet BiomassP-Value: 0.665292