Secession in the Gulf States

DEC 20, 1860 – South CarolinaJAN 9, 1861 – Mississippi

JAN 10, 1861 – FloridaJAN 11, 1861 – AlabamaJAN 19, 1861 – Georgia

JAN 26, 1861 – LouisianaFEB 23, 1861 – Texas

Alabama SecessionJanuary 11, 1861

61 X 39 Yea Nay

Republic of Winston

1st AL Cavalry USV

Secession in Georgia – January 19, 1861Howell Cobb Alexander Stephens

-“Razor-thin vote possibly manipulated by Gov Joe Brown- Mountain counties along TN border threatened to secede.- Counties along FL border become hideouts for deserters.

167 X 129

Yea Nay

FEB, 1861Economic Seizure of Federal Forts and Arsenals

Social1 11 15 18 22 23Lincoln Lvs Lee Conf Lincoln TXPosition Sprngfld Recalled Inaug Baltimore LincolnSpeech in DC

Political 1 11 27Border St Non-inter VA PeaceConventions Guarantee Conference Adjourns

NORTH – Waits. Attitudes toward def of Fed property harden.

SOUTH – Attitudes on secession harden listening to Republicans

Confederate Inauguration

FEB 18, 1861

Jefferson Davis

Alexander Stephens

The Bonny Blue Flag

The Stars and Bars

Lincoln vs Seward

“I can’t let Seward take the first trick.”

A Lincoln

MAR, 1861 Economic 1 21Confederate Tariff Morrill Tariff

Social 1 5 11 19 28Cab Mtg Reinf Confed Fox to Fox Forts Const Chas rtns

Political 2 4 6 8 27 28 29Seward 36 th Douglas Conf Rept on Scott ReprovUltimat Cong defends Comm Unanimity Evac Sumter Corwin Lincoln

NORTH – Lincoln realizes South is serious.

SOUTH – Wait and see.

Lincoln’s Inauguration MAR 4, 1861

“I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the

institution of slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no

inclination to do so.”

A Lincoln, 1st Inaugural

March 3, 1861

ART. 13. No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.

March 2, 1861

The Corwin Amendment -the “Ghost” 13th Amendment

“Attempting to conquer the seceded states will entail a 2-3 year war that will require a massive army, incur tremendous loss of life

on both sides and cost at least a quarter-billion dollars. And the result will be 15

devastated provinces not to be brought into harmony with their conquerors but to be held

for generations by heavy garrisons – at an expense quadruple the net duties or taxes it

would be possible to extract from them – followed by a Protector or Emperor.”

GEN Winfield Scott, MAR 3, 1861 in a letter to Lincoln

Every law, or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be

expressed in the title

Confederate Constitution – MAR 11, 1861

No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro

slaves shall be passed [by Congress]

Line item veto – could be over-ridden by 2/3rds vote

Single 6 year presidential term

1 – Morrill Tariff in effect

APR, 1861Economic

Social 1 4 6 10 12 14 15Anderson Linc Chas Fleet Sumter Sumter 75K1 week ords batts sails attacked evac volunteers reprov fire

Political 4 6 18 20Lincoln Notifies Lee offered LeeMeets SC of Fed Army goesGuvs Reprov South

NORTH/SOUTH – Wait for the inevitable.

Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861

The 75K Call for Volunteers

Why 75K??

The exact number of arms confiscated by the Disunionists from Southern

forts and armories.

MAY, 1861

Economic

Social

Political 6 20 23 AR NC VA secedes secedes secedes

Both sides see a short war.

SecessionDEC 20, 1860 – South Carolina

JAN 9, 1861 – MississippiJAN 10, 1861 – Florida

JAN 11, 1861 – AlabamaJAN 19, 1861 – Georgia

JAN 26, 1861 – LouisianaFEB 23, 1861 – Texas

MAY 6, 1861 - ArkansasMAY 23, 1861 – Virginia

MAY 20, 1861 – North CarolinaJUN 8, 1861 – TennesseeOCT 31, 1861 – MissouriNOV 20, 1861 - Kentucky

The Slide Into War – Essential Questions

What were the causes of secession?

How did secession happen?

How would history have been altered if SC had not seceded?

Anaconda PlanAnaconda Plan

Union Strategy

1. Blockade Confederate coast2. Take capital – Richmond3. Take MS River, split Confederacy4. Take Chattanooga, TN5. Attack Atlanta and Richmond6. March to the Sea and Carolinas

The War of Northern Aggression?

General Orders, No. 3. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI, Saint Louis, November 20, 1861.

1. It has been represented that important information respecting the numbers and condition of our forces is conveyed to the enemy by means of fugitive slaves who are admitted within our lines. In order to remedy this evil it is directed that no such person be hereafter permitted to enter the lines of any camp or of any forces on the march and that any now within such lines be immediately excluded therefrom.

Anderson Moves to Ft Sumter

DEC 26, 1860

Harper’s Weekly, Sat JAN 26, 1861