second galion workshop 20-23 september 2010, geneva, switzerland lidar products for vaac gelsomina...

Second GALION Workshop 20-23 September 2010, Geneva, Switzerland

Lidar products for VAAC

Gelsomina PappalardoConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale

CNR-IMAA, Potenza, [email protected]


At the 5th International Workshop on Volcanic Ash, organized by WMO in cooperation with ICAO held in Santiago de Chile from 17 to 21 March 2010, the formation of a Scientific Steering/Advisory Group was proposed in order to create a single, authoritative source of scientific expertise in the field of volcanic ash affecting civil aviation with emphasis both on meteorological (remote sensing and in-situ observations, transport and dispersion modeling) as well as geophysical/volcanological issues such as eruption source parameters, ash characteristics, ash fallout and aggregation.

This expertise was to be made available to the relevant ICAO IAVWOPS (International airways volcano watch operations group) group as a basis for future development of operational procedures, standards and guidance.

This proposal was subsequently adopted by the WMO Executive Council at its 62nd session in Geneva and fully supported by the Secretary General of IUGG.


The eruption of the Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajökull starting on 14 April 2010, leading to widespread airspace closures and unprecedented disruption to air traffic, prompted the formation of several national, regional and global groups and task forces under the egis of different governing bodies.

ICAO decided to create an international Task Force on Volcanic Ash (IVATF) with the mandate to accelerate the production of guidance and standards in view of the serious effect of the aftermath of these eruptions on air traffic.

The inaugural meeting of the VA-SAG was thus timed to follow-on to the first meeting of the ICAO IVATF, held in Montreal from 27 to 30 July 2010, and was expected to respond to the questions and deliverables determined by the IVATF and its sub-groups.


Task 1

Determine the ways and means to improve volcanic cloud detection/ avoidance systems for pre-flight and en-route decisions by operators and regulators

Three sub-task leaders:

- Gelsomina Pappalardo (CNR) for ground-based;

- DLR (Ulrich Schumann and Hans Schlager) for air-borne measurements;

- Mike Pavolonis (Wisconsin) for space-based sensing; and,

- Fred Prata (NILU) will take overall responsibility as Task leader.

Deliverable

Guidance material identifying technologies and recommended system requirements for pertinent ground, airborne and space-based systems

Milestones (progress reports)

13 October 2010; 12 January 2011; 6 April 2011; 1 June 2011


Expected reports will cover the following environments:

1) pre-eruptive

2) near-field

3) far-field


WHY: Column 1; ties back to work plan of ICAO/IVATF Science Subgroup. WHAT GB, AB, SB, & DM CAPABILITIES EXIST NOW: Use existing summaries from Santiago meeting, EUMETSAT meeting, inter alia. WHAT GB, AB, SB, & DM CAPABILITIES ARE NEEDED TO MEET ICAO/IVATF work plan: work of SAG et al.

GROUND-BASED METHODS (GB)

AIRBORNE METHODS

(AB)

SATELLITE-BASED METHODS (SB)

DISPERSION MODELNG (DM)

PRE-ERUPTIVE PHASE: Provide forecasts for situational awareness

--Examples of volcanoes currently well-monitored for aviation hazards --Problem of unmonitored volcanoes with high hazard to aviation (prioritization system)

--Heat (FLIR), de-gassing (COSPEC), deformation (radar)

--Heat (IR), de-gassing (OMI), deformation (InSAR)

--Need for running hypothetical/scenario models

VOLCANIC SOURCE & NEAR FIELD: Provide eruption reports & volcanic input to dispersion models

--Visual observations, webcams --Radar incl. portable HRWT --Lightning --Seismic --Infrasound --Infrared --Ash fall & aerosol sampling

--Visual observations -- FLIR --In-situ UAVs --LIDAR --Dropsonde --Others

--For hot spots, plume tops, SO2

--Plume modeling --High-resolution atmospheric modeling

VOLCANIC CLOUD & DISTAL: Provide information about cloud extent, constituents, and longevity to support operational decisions

--LIDAR (research networks) --Aerosol sondes & collectors --Ceilometers --Radiometers --GAW --Observers

--Particle/air sampling (manned and UAVs) --Visual observations --LIDAR --IR camera (under devel.)

--Draw on existing reports --SEVERI promising --Data visualization for VAACs --Height estimation

--Source strength --Ash removal processes --IAVW Subgroup points --Probabilistic methods --Data assimilation --Rationalizing output

Discussion metrics

OVERARCHING THEMES:

- Availability of research data

- Need for metadata: Need for visualization tools to merge diverse data types from different sources; Training to communicate knowledge to end users & non-specialists (websites, DVDs, ICAO documents)


Lidar technologies

ceilometers

Backscatter lidar (1 wavelenght, multiwavelenght)

Raman lidar (1 wavelenght, multiwavelenght)

HSRL (1 wavelenght, multiwavelenght)

Doppler lidar

Lidar products from each technology

- Direct measured geometrical and optical properties

- Retrieved aerosol typing/classification, microphysical properties and mass conversion

Qualitative and quantitative data (i.e. calibrated / not calibrated data)

Sensitivity/Expected accuracy

Best location (respect to the volcano source)


Lidar products

Geometrical properties

layer identification (top, bottom and center of mass)

Optical properties profiles

Extensive optical parameters (backscatter, extinction)

Intensive optical parameters (Lidar ratio, depol., color ratio, Ångström exponent)

Optical properties in the identified layer

Integrated backscatter, AOD

Mean intensive optical parameters (Lidar ratio, depol., color ratio, Ångström exponent)

Aerosol Typing classification

Mass concentration estimate

Microphysical properties retrieved

Quicklook (lev 0)


Hypothesis

Ceilometers or simple backscatter lidar (one wavelenght) for qualitative high resolution backscatter, close to the source

Simple backscatter lidar (+ depol) more operational distributed in a dense network (mid - far distance).

Advanced lidar systems (single wavelength Raman lidar + depol) are needed for calibrated optical profiles.

Most advanced multiwavelenght Raman lidar as core sites for calibration, aerosol typing and microphysical inversion.

We have to better explore sinergies with ancillary instruments (sun-photometers, radar, in-situ, etc.)

second galion workshop 20-23 september 2010, geneva, switzerland lidar products for vaac gelsomina...

Documents