SPECIAL QUALITIESSPECIAL QUALITIES

STRUCTURAL DEVICESSTRUCTURAL DEVICES

SOUND DEVICESSOUND DEVICES

SENSE DEVICESENSE DEVICE

STRUCTURAL DEVICESSTRUCTURAL DEVICES

IllustrationIllustration

a vivid picture by which a poet may a vivid picture by which a poet may

make an idea clearmake an idea clear RepetitionRepetition

aiming at special musical effectsaiming at special musical effects

a poet wants us to pay attention to somethinga poet wants us to pay attention to something ContrastContrast

two completetly opposite pictures side by sidetwo completetly opposite pictures side by side

RepetitionRepetition (examples) (examples)

Water, water everywhere,Water, water everywhere,And all the boards did shrink;And all the boards did shrink;Water, water everywhere, Water, water everywhere, Nor any drop to drink.Nor any drop to drink.

Day after day, day after day, Day after day, day after day, We stuck, nor breath nor motion.We stuck, nor breath nor motion.

Thee for my recitative,Thee for my recitative,Thee in the driving storm …Thee in the driving storm …Thee in thy panoply, …Thee in thy panoply, …. . .. . .Thy black cylindric body …Thy black cylindric body …Thy . . . .Thy . . . .

SOUND DEVICESSOUND DEVICES

AlliterationAlliteration: the repetition of the same sound at frequent : the repetition of the same sound at frequent intervalsintervals

The The ffair air bbreeze reeze bblew, the white lew, the white ffoam oam fflewlew The The ffurrow urrow ffollowed ollowed ffreeree

DDay ay aafter fter dday, ay, dday ay aafter fter ddayay

Dirty British Dirty British ccoaster with a oaster with a ssalt-alt-ccaked aked ssmoke-moke-sstacktack

. . . . . . bboundless and oundless and bbareare

The The llone and one and llevel evel ssands ands sstretch far away tretch far away

OnomatopoeiaOnomatopoeia: occurs in words which : occurs in words which

imitate sounds and thus suggest imitate sounds and thus suggest

the object describedthe object described

cuckoo buzz crash tick-tackcuckoo buzz crash tick-tack

hum swish jangle z .. z .. z ..hum swish jangle z .. z .. z ..

AssonanceAssonance: occurs when a poet : occurs when a poet

introduces imperfect rhymesintroduces imperfect rhymes

wrewreckck – ro – rockck gri grindnd – grou – groundnd h hoole – rle – roaoadd

spspeakeak – br – breakeak l liife – mfe – miile hle holeole – b – bowlowl

Buffalo Bill’s (e. e. cummings))Buffalo Bill’s (e. e. cummings))

Buffalow Bill’sBuffalow Bill’s

DefunctDefunct

who used towho used to

ride a watersmooth-silverride a watersmooth-silver

stallionstallion

and break onetwothreefourfive pigeonsjustlikethatand break onetwothreefourfive pigeonsjustlikethat

JesusJesus

he was a handsome manhe was a handsome man

and what I want to know isand what I want to know is

how do you like your blueeyed boyhow do you like your blueeyed boy

Mister DeathMister Death

Siesta of a Hungarian SnakeSiesta of a Hungarian Snake(Edwin Morgan)(Edwin Morgan)

S sz sz SZ sz SZ sz Zs zs Zs zs zs zS sz sz SZ sz SZ sz Zs zs Zs zs zs z

RhymeRhyme: occurs at line endings in poetry and : occurs at line endings in poetry and consists of words which have the same sound.consists of words which have the same sound.

bbee – s – seaea c comeome – d – dumbumb f firstirst – b – bursturst

nnightight – s – sightight f failail – h – hailail b blewlew - f - flewlew

RhythmRhythm: :

- any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound- any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound

- related to the beat of our heart- related to the beat of our heart

the pulse of our bloodthe pulse of our blood

the intake and outflow of air the intake and outflow of air

from lungsfrom lungs

‣ ‣ Meter: is the kind of rhythm we can tap Meter: is the kind of rhythm we can tap our foot to.our foot to.

‣ ‣ Meter measureMeter measure

‣ ‣ The basic metrical unit : footThe basic metrical unit : foot

‣ ‣ Verse metrical languageVerse metrical language

‣ ‣ Prose non-metrical languageProse non-metrical language

‣ ‣ The other tool to measure verse : lineThe other tool to measure verse : line

(sometimes) : stanza(sometimes) : stanza

The basic kind of feet The basic kind of feet

Example Name of foot Name of meterExample Name of foot Name of meter

to-to-dayday iamb iambic iamb iambic

daidai-ly trochee trochaic-ly trochee trochaic

in-ter-in-ter-venevene anapest anapestic anapest anapestic

yesyes-ter-day dactyl dactylic-ter-day dactyl dactylic

dayday--breakbreak spondee spondaic spondee spondaic

day monosyllabic day monosyllabic

The customary names for line lengths are:The customary names for line lengths are:

monometermonometer one footone foot

dimeterdimeter two feettwo feet

trimetertrimeter three feetthree feet

tetrametertetrameter four feetfour feet

pentameterpentameter five feetfive feet

hexameterhexameter six feetsix feet

heptameterheptameter seven feetseven feet

octameteroctameter eight feeteight feet