secrecy, leaks, and selective prosecution, by gabriel schoenfeld

8/12/2019 Secrecy, Leaks, and Selective Prosecution, by Gabriel Schoenfeld

1/12

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sgearnbaiihtoaih

csbnurotyhi`chw

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai Laavbr Oistotutoai ^thiear` Riovbrsot

HI BKBTJOIJ PLTBHP^ B^ ^H_

^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi`^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai

dy Jhdrobc ^nlabiebc`

Mbhi Vbrgois Phsg Earnb ai Ihtoaihc ^bnuroty hi` Chw

www.bkbrjoijtlrbhtsbsshys.nak

Plb shebty ae aur nauitry `bpbi`s, oi ia skhcc phrt, ai aur javbrikbits hdocoty ta

gbbp ihtoaihc sbnuroty sbnrbts. _bt ht h kakbit wlbi tlrbhts hrb pracoebrhtoij, hi`

tlb ibb` ear sbnrbt oitbccojbinb hdaut aur h`vbrshrobs os ht h prbkouk, aur systbk ear

pratbntoij ihtoaihc sbnuroty sbnrbts os oi slrb`s. Ot dbjhi ta ehcc hphrt ùroij tlb Dusl

h`koiostrhtoai, wlbi h sbrobs ae sbisotovb nauitbrtbrrarosk sbnrbts wbrb cbhgb` ta

tlbIbw _arg Pokbshi` pudcoslb` ai ots erait phjb. Plb òshrrhy dbnhkb karb hnutb

wlbi Drh`cby Khiioij oiòsnrokoihtbcy cbhgb` tlaushi`s ae nchssob` òpcakhton

nhdcbs hi` kocothry rbparts ta Mucohi Hsshijb, wla pudcoslb` tlbk ai los bcbntraion

duccbtoi dahr`, ZogoCbhgs. Plb chst tlrbh` ae tlb ehdron whs puccb` aut dy B`whr`

îaw`bi wlbi lb stacb hi` tlbi òstrodutb` h lujb naccbntoai ae sbnrbt ànukbits,

passodcy iukdbroij oi tlb koccoais, erak tlb Ihtoaihc ^bnuroty Hjbiny hi` atlbr

R^ oitbccojbinb daòbs.

Ht tlb shkb tokb tlht aur javbrikbit `bkaistrhtbs h sthjjbroij oihdocoty ta

pratbnt ots sbnrbts, tlbrb os ibhr-uiovbrshc hngiawcb`jkbit ae rhkphit kos- hi`

avbr-nchssonhtoai wotloi aur ihtoaihc sbnuroty hpphrhtus. H systbk ae orrbsostodcb

hi` sbbkoijcy oitrhnthdcb oinbitovbs wargs ta nrbhtb prbssurb ear avbr-nchssonhtoai

oi bvbry javbrikbit hjbiny wotl earboji-pacony rbspaisodocoty. Jbibrhc Konlhbc

Lhy`bi, earkbr òrbntar ae datl tlb NOH hi` tlb I^H, lhs rbebrrb` ta tlb rautoib

dy wlonl tlb oitbccojbinb nakkuioty bcbvhtbs oiearkhtoai ta h lojlbr cbvbc ae

nchssonhtoai tlhi os whrrhitb`. Hs ae chst ybhr, tlbrb wbrb sakb 2


2/12

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai 4 Laavbr Oistotutoai ^thiear` Riovbrsot

rbpbrnussoais ear aur ihtoaihc `bebisb oi tlb ybhrs hi` `bnh`bs hlbh`. Plb drbhgàwi

os hcsa nbrthoi ta lhvb ia cbss ehr-rbhnloij okpconhtoais ear prbsbrvoij tlb wo`b-apbi

fflaw ae oiearkhtoai ai wlonl aur `bkanrhny rbsts. Zb lhvb hrrovb` ht h muinturb

wlbrb ot os ibnbsshry ta tloig sbroauscy hdaut rbeark ae h ehr-rbhnloij hi` lojlcynakpcbx systbk tlht lhs rbsostb` rbeark ear `bnh`bs. Zb lhvb hcsa hrrovb` ht h

kakbit wlbi sbroaus rbeark khy db passodcb. Dut rbeark oi wlonl òrbntoai1

Aib pchnb ta dbjoi os wotl tlb ehkaus adsbrvhtoai dy tlb chtbIbw _arg Pokbs

rbpartbr hi` nacukiost Mhkbs Tbstai tlht tlb slop ae sthtb os tlb aicy slop tlht

cbhgs erak tlb tap. Plht cbhgoij erak tlb tap, erak tlb Zlotb Lausb hi` tlb uppbr

bnlbcais ae tlb vhroaus ihtoaihc sbnuroty durbhunrhnobs, os h plbiakbiai tlht lhs

dbbi vosodcb oi hcc rbnbit h`koiostrhtoais. Bvbi hs prbso`bits nakpchoi dottbrcy hdaut

cbhgs hi` vocoey cbhgbrs, tlb ehnt os tlht oi hcc rbnbit h`koiostrhtoais, Zlotb Lausb

ho`bs hi` nhdoibt aenohcs lhvb naisostbitcy bijhjb` oi rhkphit cbhgoij tlbksbcvbs.

Aib aicy lhs ta caag ht tlb wbhctl ae lojlcy nchssob` oiearkhtoai naithoib` oi hiy aeZhsloijtai Vastrbpartbr Dad Zaa`whr`s daags hdaut tlb prbso`biny, ar oiIbw _arg

Pokbsrbpartbr @hvo` ^hijbrs rbnbitNaierait hi` Nainbhc,ta jbt h sbisb ae tlb snhcb

hi` snapb ae tlb plbiakbiai.

Oi h droccohitLhrvhr` Chw Tbvobwhrtoncb, Plb Cbhgy Cbvohtlhi, Nacukdoh Chw ^nlaac

praebssar @hvo` Vazbi hrjubs pbrsuhsovbcy tlht kast ae tlos uppbr-cbvbc javbrikbit

cbhgoij os usbeuc, ibnbsshry, hi` vortuhccy oibrhònhdcb. CbhgoibssVazbis tbrk

ear tlb parasoty ae aur javbrikbitcudronhtbs tlb pacony pranbss hi` sbrvbs h

jrbht khiy òeebrbit purpasbs ear h jrbht khiy pawbreuc pchybrs. Ot lhs lbcpb` tlb

bxbnutovb drhinl, wrotbs Vazbi, ta sbnurb tlb ibnbsshry cbbwhy hi` cbjotokhny ear

javbrihinb. Ht tlb shkb tokb, nuroaus notozbis hrb `brovhtovb dbibnohrobs. Bvbi

tlaujl phrtonuchr cbhgs khy nhusb rbhc `hkhjb, hi hnnakka`htoij hpprahnl ta

biearnbkbit lhs oi tlb hjjrbjhtb suppartb`, rhtlbr tlhi sudvbrtb`, tlb javbrikbits

jbibrhc paconykhgoij nhphnoty. Plb naracchry tlht eaccaws erak Vazbis hihcysos os

tlht bvbi oe ot wbrb ebhsodcb ta trhng àwi hi` prasbnutb Zlotb Lausb, nhdoibt, hi`

sud-nhdoibt cbhgbrs, àoij sa wauc` ja sakb òsthinb tawhr` nroppcoij tlb oiearkhc

kbnlhiosks dy wlonl aur javbrikbit wargs hi` ot wauc` `bprovb tlb pudcon ae

vhcuhdcb oiearkhtoai hdaut tlb òrbntoai ae tlb nauitry.

Iaibtlbcbss, tlos goi` ae uppbr-cbvbc cbhgoij, wlhtbvbr dbibts ot dbstaws, os hcsa

`bbpcy narrasovb. Plb kast advoaus `bcbtbroaus naisbqubinb os, ae naursb, tlb

òssbkoihtoai ae trucy sbisotovb oiearkhtoai ae tlb goi` tlht nhi nakprakosb nbitrhc

ihtoaihc sbnuroty jahcs. Ot os oiòsputhdcb tlht jovbi tlbor oistrukbithc ihturb kast

uppbr-cbvbc cbhgs`hocy ai òspchy oi aur khmar ibws autcbtsà ia o`bitohdcb

lhrk ht hcc. _bt sakb skhcc dut sojionhit erhntoai àbs nhusb sbroaus `hkhjb bvbi

oe ot os òenuct oi khiy oisthinbs ear tlasb autso`b javbrikbit ta spbnoey ots ihturb.

Plb lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij hcsa lhs oiòrbnt beebnts tlht hrb lhrkeuc oi h karb jcadhc hi`

systbkon ehsloai. @ossbkoihtoij nchssob` oiearkhtoai wotlaut hutlarozhtoai os h


3/12

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai > Laavbr Oistotutoai ^thiear` Riovbrsot

voachtoai ae tlb chw. Zlbi h chw os voachtb` rbjuchrcy hi` drhzbicy, wb lhvb h nchsson

dragbi woiàw pradcbk. Cogb tlb caw-cbvbc vhi`hcosk oi oiibr notobs tlht eastbrs

hi bivoraikbit tlht binaurhjbs karb sbroaus nrokb, uppbr-cbvbc cbhgoij drbb`s

òsrbspbnt ear tlb nchssonhtoai systbk hi` tlb rucb ae chw tlraujlaut tlb javbrikbithi` sanobty ht chrjb. Ot sbi`s h sojihc oita tlb dawbcs ae tlb vhroaus ihtoaihc sbnuroty

durbhunrhnobs tlht cbhgoij os iat aicy hnnbpthdcb dut nhi bvbi db vortuaus. Plbrb os

pbrlhps ia atlbr hrbh oi Hkbronhi coeb, hphrt erak occbjhc okkojrhtoai, wlbrb tlbrb

os sunl h wo`b jhp dbtwbbi chws hi` rbjuchtoais hi` hntuhc dblhvoar.

Bvbi hs lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij binaurhjbs cbhgoij àwi dbcaw, ot ui`brkoibs chw

biearnbkbit beearts ta sthinl cbhgs. Oi hckast bvbry aib ae tlb bojlt cbhg prasbnutoais

tlht lhvb jaib earwhr` avbr tlb phst ebw ybhrs, tlb `bebi`hits lhvb hrjub` tlht

tlby hrb dboij uiehorcy thrjbtb` dy prasbnutars ear bijhjoij oi dblhvoar tlht os tlb

Zhsloijtai iark. Oi tlb HOVHN nhsb, tlb caddyosts ^tbvbi Tasbi hi` Gbotl Zbosskhi

staa` hnnusb` ae rbnbovoij nchssob` oiearkhtoai erak h Vbithjai bkpcaybb hi`

òstrodutoij ot ta maurihcosts hi` earboji aenohcs. Oi naitbstoij tlb nlhrjbs, tlb twa

`bebi`hits httbkptb` ta sudpabih h phrh`b ae lojl-rhigoij javbrikbit aenohcs wotl

tlb jahc ae `bkaistrhtoij tlht tlb hnts ear wlonl tlby wbrb oiòntb` wbrb iatloij

karb, hs aib ae tlbor drobes hssbrtb`, tlhi tlb wbcc-bsthdcoslb` aenohc Zhsloijtai

prhntonb ae bijhjoij oi dhng nlhiibc nakkuionhtoai wotl vhroaus iai-javbrikbithc

bitotobs hi` pbrsais ear tlb purpasb ae h`vhinoij R^ earboji pacony jahcs.

^tbplbi Moi-Zaa Gok, tlb ^thtb @bphrtkbit naitrhnt bkpcaybb wla bhrcobr tlos ybhr

pcbh`b` juocty ta nlhrjbs ui`br tlb Bspoaihjb Hnt ear cbhgoij nchssob` oiearkhtoai ta

Eax Ibws, prbssb` tlb shkb paoit. Hs los httariby hrjub`, cawbr-cbvbc bkpcaybbs . . .

hrb prasbnutb` dbnhusb tlby hrb bhsobr thrjbts ar aetbi chng tlb rbsaurnbs ar pacotonhc

naiibntoais ta jlt dhng. Lojl-cbvbc bkpcaybbs cbhg nchssob` oiearkhtoai ta earwhr`

tlbor hjbi`h ar ta khgb hi h`koiostrhtoai caag jaa` wotl okpuioty. Naivontb` NOH

cbhgbr Mali Gorohgau hrjub` oi los `bebisb tlht wlbi tlb javbrikbit nlaasbs hkaij

sokochrcy sotuhtb` pbapcb hi` nlhrjbs aicy tlasb wla lhvb pudconcy spagbi aut hjhoist

tlb javbrikbits pasotoai, tlb javbrikbit bijhjbs oi sbcbntovb prasbnutoai.

Nchoks ae sbcbntovb prasbnutoai cogb tlbsb lhvb jaib iawlbrb oi tlb naurtraak. Dut

tlby rbsaihtb oi tlb naurt ae pudcon apoioai hi` hrb bkpcayb` ta bxnucphtb, ht cbhst

karhccy oe iat cbjhccy, tlasb hnnusb` ae tlb nrokb ae cbhgoij. Plus, oi tlb vobw ae

Mhng ^lhebr ae Tbutbrs, B`whr` îaw`bi kbrbcy ò` oi tlb khnra wlht tlb ihtoaihc

sbnuroty bsthdcoslkbit àbs oi tlb konra bvbry `hy ae tlb wbbg ta khihjb, khiopuchtb

hi` oifflubinb aijaoij pacony `bdhtbs. Plb oivbstojhtovb rbpartbr Konlhbc Osogaee ae

IDN Ibws wai`brs law tlb Adhkh h`koiostrhtoai nhi nrbòdcy prasbnutb ko`-

cbvbc durbhunrhts hi` muioar kocothry aenbrs ear cbhgoij nchssob` oiearkhtoai ta

tlb prbss wlbi sa khiy lojl-cbvbc aenohcs lhvb òslb` ehr karb sbisotovb sbnrbts

ta Zaa`whr`1 Plb shkb nakpchoit hjhoist tlb àudcb sthi`hr` os rbjuchrcy put

earwhr` dy tlb `bebi`brs ae cbhgbrs cogb îaw`bi hi` Khiioij. Plb dcajjbr Jcbii

Jrbbiwhc`hi hr`bit phrtoshi ae îaw`bi hi` aib ae tlb tlrbb oiòvoùhcs ta


4/12


wlak îaw`bi phssb` partoais ae los travb ae stacbi ànukbitsiatbs tlht

tlb Adhkh h`koiostrhtoai, bvbi hs ot nrhngs àwi ai cbhgbrs, lhs usb` cbhgs ta

jcaroey tlb Vrbso`bit, ar khiopuchtb pudcon apoioai, ar bvbi ta lbcp praùnb h prb-

bcbntoai praphjhi`h ck hdaut tlb Ashkh doi Ch`bi rho`. Plby lhvb dbbi cbhgoijnaitoiuauscy, shys Jrbbiwhc`, hi` hrb karb rbspaisodcb ear sunl cbhgs tlhi

hiyaib.

Zlhtbvbr aib tloigs ae Jrbbiwhc`s bxtrbkost pacotons, hi` wlbtlbr ar iat

aib hnnbpts los naitbitoai hdaut tlb quhitoty ae cbhgs fflawoij erak tlb Adhkh

h`koiostrhtoai, tlb chrjbr hrjukbit bkdb``b` oi los rbkhrgs hi` oi tlasb ae ^lhebr

hi` Osogaee os okpassodcb ta rbeutb. Aur chws javbrioij sbnrbny hrb biearnb` oi h why

tlht oivotbs nlhrjbs ae àudcb sthi`hr`s hi` nhpronb. Oi h systbk oi wlonl koccoais ae

pbapcb lac` sbnuroty ncbhrhinbs, tlb lypanrosy ai òspchy lhs tlb beebnt, ht cbhst ai

sakb quatobit ae tlht sozhdcb wargearnb, ae drbbòij òsrbspbnt ear tlb nchssonhtoai

systbk. Plb ihtoai os iaw phyoij h pronb ear tlht òsrbspbnt oi tlb hppbhrhinb ae

jurbs cogb Khiioij hi` îaw`bi, wla mustoey cbhgoij sbnrbts wlacbshcb. Plht shkb

òsrbspbnt os rbfflbntb` oi tlb why tlasb twa cbhgbrsaib iaw h naivontb` ebcai

sbrvoij tokb oi tlb Eart Cbhvbiwartl kocothry prosai, hi` tlb atlbr h eujotovb erak

mustonb oi Uchòkor Vutois Tussohhrb chu`b` dy khiy hs wlostcbdcawbr lbrabs.

Oi tlb war`s ae tlbIbw _arg Pokbs bòtarohc dahr`, kunl ae tlb khtbrohc rbcbhsb`

dy Khiioij os ae pudcon vhcub, wlocb îaw`bi, ear los phrt, lhs àib los nauitry

h jrbht sbrvonb.

Zlht nhi db àib ta rbphor tlos dragbi phrt ae aur sbnrbny systbk1

Pwa òrbntoais hrb cajonhccy passodcb. Plb rst os ta try ta khgb tlb dblhvoar ae

javbrikbit aenohcs dbttbr naieark ta tlb rucbs. Plb sbnai` os ta try ta khgb tlb

rucbs dbttbr naieark ta tlb dblhvoar ae javbrikbit aenohcs. Plb earkbr os wlht

tlb Adhkh h`koiostrhtoai lhs dbbi tryoij ta hnnakpcosl, hcdbot oi h capso`b` hi`

oibeebntovb khiibr. Bvbi dbearb îaw`bi hppbhrb`, Httariby Jbibrhc Bron Lac`brs

Mustonb @bphrtkbit lh` thgbi bxtrharòihry stbps ta hpprblbi` cbhgbrs, jaoij sa ehr

hs ta usb sudpabih pawbrs ta rukkhjb tlraujl tlb pbrsaihc bkhocs hi` tbcbplaib

rbnar`s ae maurihcosts. Ot lhs prasbnutb` h rbnar` iukdbr ae cbhgbrs. Ot ihkb` h

rbspbntb` maurihcost sbbgoij nchssob` oiearkhtoai erak h javbrikbit aenohc hs hi

uioiòntb` na-naisporhtar oi h pcat ta voachtb tlb Bspoaihjb Hnt. Naitoiuoij wlbrb

tlb Dusl h`koiostrhtoai cbet aee, ot os thgoij tlb bxnbptoaihc kbhsurb ae sbbgoij ta

nakpbc h maurihcost

Mhkbs Tosbi ae tlbIbw _arg Pokbs

ta tbstoey hdaut los saurnb

oi h cbhg prasbnutoai. Plb oitbccojbinb nakkuioty, ear ots phrt, lhs sbt oi katoai

oiso`br tlrbht prajrhks ta o`bitoey euturb Khiioijs hi` îaw`bis dy kbhis ae

karb oitbisovb snrbbioij hi` pacyjrhploij ae bkpcaybbs. Ot os puttoij oi pchnb ùhc

gby shebjuhr`s ae nakputbr ibtwargs, jrbhtbr nakphrtkbithcozhtoai ae sbnrbts, hi`

tojltbr rbstrontoais ai wlht goi`s ae oitbrhntoais ots bkpcaybbs nhi lhvb wotl tlb

prbss hi` tlb pudcon.


5/12


Dut iaib ae tlos `bhcs ht hcc wotl lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij. Hctlaujl Vrbso`bit Adhkh lhs

pcb`jb` ta raat aut cbhgbrs, lb bkplhtonhccy `biobs tlht los awi ihtoaihc sbnuroty

sthee bvbr cbhgs. Plb iatoai tlht ky Zlotb Lausb wauc` purpasbcy rbcbhsb nchssob`

ihtoaihc sbnuroty oiearkhtoai os aeebisovb. Ots wraij, tlb prbso`bit lhs fflhtcy sthtb`,bvbi hs h da`y ae bvo`binb naitrhònts lok. Zotl tlb prbso`bit oi `biohc, h nrhngàwi

ai lojl-cbvbc cbhgbrs os hckast nbrthoicy iat jaoij ta annur ui`br los whtnl, must hs

ot ò` iat annur ui`br tlb whtnl ae hiy ae los prb`bnbssars ear hcc tlb rbhsais Vazbi

oiònhtbs7 lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij os sokpcy taa oitbjrhc ta tlb skaatl euintoaioij ae tlb

systbk. Zb hrb iat jaoij ta sbb h `btbrkoib` beeart ta put hi bi` ta prhntonbs tlht,

tlaujl aetbi dchthitcy oi voachtoai ae tlb nchssonhtoai rucbs hi` sakbtokbs tlb

bspoaihjb sthtutbs, erbqubitcy sbrvb tlb Zlotb Lausb wbcc.

Plos droijs us ta tlb sbnai` hpprahnl= khgoij tlb rucbs dbttbr naieark ta tlb

dblhvoar ae aenohcs.

H sthrtoij paoit ear hihcysos lbrb os Vazbis adsbrvhtoai tlht uppbr-cbvbc cbhgbrs

lhvb h vbry òeebrbit karhc hi` pacotonhc sthiòij erak tlb caw-cbvbc novoc sbrvhits

wla lhvb dbbi prasbnutb` dy tlb @AM. Plb ihturb ae tlbor pasotoai oibvothdcy heear`s

tlbk h drah`br vobw ae tlb naisbqubinbs ae cbhgoij oiearkhtoai tlhi h novoc sbrvhit

typonhccy bimays. Ricogb caw-cbvbc durbhunrhts, tlby hrb oi h jaa` pasotoai ta bvhcuhtb

tlb patbitohc `hkhjb erak hiy jovbi òsncasurb hi` dhchinb ot hjhoist tlb vhcub

ae tlb admbntovbs dboij saujlt. Karb sojionhitcy, tlby hrb hcsa oi h jaa` pasotoai

ta db lbc` rbspaisodcb ear tlbor hntoais autso`bae tlb nrokoihc mustonb systbk. Plby

hrb hppaoitbbs ae tlb prbso`bit, sbrvb ht los pcbhsurb, hi`, hs sunl, hrb pacotonhccy

hnnauithdcb oi h why tlht caw-rhigoij novoc sbrvhits hrb iat. Datl tlbor dcui`brs hi`

tlbor hnnakpcoslkbits rbfflbnt ai tlb bcbntb` cbh`br ht tlb tap. Zlbi h kosthgb os

kh`b oi atlbr rbhcks ae ihtoaihc sbnurotyshy, ear bxhkpcb, h ehocurb ta pravo`b

h`bquhtb sbnuroty ta hi Hkbronhi bkdhssy tlht os tlbi avbrrui dy tbrraroststlht

os iat trbhtb` hs h nrokoihc voachtoai, dut hs h chpsb oi pchiioij hi` mu`jkbit

tlht `bsbrvbs datl h eucc horoij ae ehnts hi` h pacotonhc rbspaisb.

Plb trbhtkbit ar kostrbhtkbit ae ihtoaihc sbnuroty sbnrbts dy lojl-cbvbc aenohcs os

cottcb òeebrbit hi` slauc` db lhi`cb` hnnaròijcy. Bxbkptoij sunl aenohcs erak tlb

nrokoihc stronturbs hi`/ar tlb h`koiostrhtovb rucbs tlht nurrbitcy doi` tlbor war`s

hi` hntoais rbjhròij nchssob` oiearkhtoai wauc` bcokoihtb tlb àudcb sthi`hr`

wotl sakb stragbs ae tlb pbi. Zotl sunl h nlhijb oi pchnb, prasbnutoais ae caw-cbvbc

novoc sbrvhits wla voachtb tlbor ahtls ta pratbnt sbnrbts wauc` db put ai h karb

saco` karhc eaatoij. Ear caw-cbvbc cbhgbrs hrb iat oi hiy why pacotonhccy rbprbsbithtovb

ar hnnauithdcb ta tlb pudcon. _bt tlbor occonot hi` hiaiykaus òsncasurbs nhi lhvb

praeaui` beebnts ai tlb naursb ae Hkbronhi `bebisb hi` earboji pacony. Plbor hntoais

tlbrbearb naistotutb hi hsshuct ai `bkanrhton pranbùrbs hi` proinopcbs ear wlonl

tlby `bsbrvb ta db shintoaib`.


6/12


Lojl-rhigoij aenohcs lhvb h nakpcbtbcy òeebrbit sthiòij hi` aur sbnuroty systbk

slauc` db hctbrb` ta rbfflbnt tlht nrotonhc ehnt. Plb prbss hi` tlb pudcon ht chrjb

nauc` db cb` ta jrhsp tlb proinopcb ui`br wlonl h cbhgbr àwi oi tlb `bptls ae tlb

durbhunrhny os puioslb` ear hi uihutlarozb` òsncasurb wlocb tlb chw cbhvbs h ZlotbLausb ar atlbr tap aenohc bijhjoij oi sbbkoijcy sokochr naiùnt uikacbstb`. Dy

`bnrokoihcozoij uppbr-cbvbc cbhgoij, tlb nchok ae sbcbntovb prasbnutoai nauc` db put

ta rbst hi` h kbhsurb ae oitbjroty rbstarb` ta tlb nchssonhtoai systbk hs h wlacb.

Plbrb hrb ia àudt khiy whys ta hnnakpcosl sunl h sloet, hi` ky purpasb lbrb os

iat ta sbt tlbk aut oi hiy `bthoc, dut sokpcy ta slaw sakb passodcb phtlwhys ta h

`bstoihtoai, wotl eucc hwhrbibss tlht tlb nakpcbxotobs ae tlb systbk wauc` khgb hiy

sloet hi bxtrharòihry nlhccbijb ae `rhetskhislop.

Aib sunl phtlwhy wauc` db ta hkbi` tlb bspoaihjb sthtutbs ta bxbkpt h `bsojihtb`

jraup ae lojl-cbvbc aenohcs erak tlb rbstrontoais pralodotoij uihutlarozb` òsncasurb

ae ihtoaihc `bebisb oiearkhtoai. Hs tlby nurrbitcy sthi`, tlasb sthtutbs hppcy ta

wlabvbr voachtbs tlb spbnob` tbrks.8Plos nauc` db hctbrb` sa tlht sakb nchss

ae prbso`bitohc sudaròihtbs, wlbtlbr `bthocb` oi tlb cbjoschtoai otsbce ar cbet ta tlb

òsnrbtoai ae tlb prbso`bit, hrb bxbkptb` erak sakb ar hcc rbstrontoais ae tlb chw.

Plos wauc` earkhcozb uiwrottbi rucbs hi` rhtoey prhntonbs tlht hrb hcrbh`y nustakhry.

Hs ]dojiobw Drzbzoisgo, Mokky Nhrtbrs ihtoaihc sbnuroty h`vosbr, ainb put ot, O àit

cbhg, O drobe. Plht rbkhrg binhpsuchtb` tlb ehnt tlht, jovbi los rhig oi javbrikbit

hi` praxokoty ta tlb prbso`bit, lb ò` iat ibb` ta nainbri loksbce wotl voachtoij tlb

tbrks ae tlb bspoaihjb sthtutbs, ia khttbr wlht oiearkhtoai lb òsncasb`. Plb pawbr

ta drobe rhtlbr tlhi ta cbhg nauc` db bxtbi`b` dy chw ta h drah`br norncb ae prbso`bitohc

hppaoitbbs. Bxhntcy law drah` os h qubstoai ae advoaus hi` nrotonhc okparthinb

hi`

hcsa aib ae `bthoc hi` okpcbkbithtoaitlht ibb` iat `bthoi us lbrb.

Hi hctbrihtovb phtl oi tlb shkb òrbntoai wauc` hvao` tlb ibb` ear naijrbssoaihc

hntoai. Aur nurrbit systbk ae nchssonhtoai hi` `bnchssonhtoai whs nrbhtb`

hi` `bsojib` bitorbcy dy bxbnutovb ar`br, iat dy hi hnt ae Naijrbss. ôinb tlb

bsthdcoslkbit ae tlb systbk dy Vrbso`bit Taasbvbct oi 8?06, prbso`bits lhvb ossub`

rbvosoais ta suot tlbor awi purpasbs. Plb kast rbnbit aib os Bxbnutovb Ar`br 8>245,

ossub` dy Vrbso`bit Adhkh oi 466?. Cogb ots prb`bnbssars, ot khgbs tlb arojoihtar ae

hiy sbnrbt tlb phrty rbspaisodcb ear `bnchssoeyoij ot. Plus, oe, shy, tlb NOH jbibrhtbs

h sbnrbt, tlb NOH tlbi lhs ihc war` ai wlbtlbr ot nhi db `bnchssob` (hctlaujl

tlb prbso`bit, hs tlb supbrvosary aenohc ae tlb NOH òrbntar, lhs tlb uctokhtb

hutlaroty ta bno`b tlb khttbr).

Plos systbk ae hjbiny awibrslop khgbs h jaa` `bhc ae sbisb dbnhusb tlb arojoihtoij

hjbiny lhs tlb dbst ponturb ae wly hi` law tlb sbnrbt whs nrbhtb` hi` wlht bquotobs

hrb ht rosg oe ot os òsncasb`. Iaibtlbcbss, ot nauc` db kaòb` ta h``rbss tlb ossub

ht lhi`. Plb norncb ae `bnosoai khgbrs nauc` db bichrjb`. @bnosoais hdaut rbkavoij


7/12

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai : Laavbr Oistotutoai ^thiear` Riovbrsot

h sbnrbny sthkp hrb aetbi h mu`jkbit nhcc. Plb hjbinobs slauc`, ae naursb, rbthoi

tlbor pawbr ta `bnchssoey tlbor awi sbnrbts hs tlby sbb t. Dut tlasb wla wobc` tlb

kast pawbr hi` hrb kast hnnauithdcb slauc` hcsa db trbhtb` hs rbspaisodcb phrtobs.

Ot kust db iatb`, ae naursb, tlht hi aenohc `bnchssoeyoij h sbnrbt oiso`b h durbhunrhny,ai tlb aib lhi`, hi` hi aenohc pravoòij h sbnrbt ta h rbpartbr, ai tlb atlbr lhi`,

hrb vbry òeebrbit tloijs. Plb earkbr oivacvbs h pranbss tlht rbcobs ai bxtbisovb earkhc

pranbùrbs, wlocb tlb chttbr sgops avbr tlasb pranbùrbs. Dut tlbsb nrotonhc òeebrbinbs

iatwotlsthiòij, tlb pawbr ta òsncasb sbnrbts os aib tlht fflaws erak tlb prbso`bit

hi` slauc` db slhrb` wotl tlasb sudaròihtbs wla hrb ncasbst ta lok.

Aib admbntoai ta sunl h prapashc, wlbtlbr hnnakpcoslb` dy cbjoschtoai ar bxbnutovb

ar`br, os tlht, oi rbspaisb ta h dragbi woiàw pradcbk, ot kbrbcy `bibs `bvohiny

àwiwhr`. @bnrokoihcozoij cbhgoij hi`/ar drah`bioij tlb norncb ae aenohcs wla

passbss tlb pawbr ta `bnchssoey oiearkhtoai wauc` hnnbcbrhtb rhtlbr tlhi scaw tlb

fflaw ae jbiuoibcy sbisotovb khtbrohc oita tlb pudcon àkhoi. Cogb tlb `bnrokoihcozhtoai

ae `rujs, ot wauc` cbjhcozb dblhvoar tlht, oe hiytloij, ibb`s ta db òsnaurhjb`.

Hetbr hcc, tlb admbntoai lbrb wauc` ja, iat bvbry lojl-cbvbc cbhg os sbt oi katoai ta

h`vhinb h cbjotokhtb javbrikbithc purpasb. âkb hrb katovhtb` dy ihgb` pacotonhc

naiso`brhtoais. Atlbrs rbsuct erak bvbi cbss `bebisodcb dblhvoar, cogb tlb qubst ear

pbrsaihc h`vhinbkbit ar tlb `bsorb ta db h Zhsloijtai pchybr hi` ebbc okparthit.

Riàudtb`cy, tlos goi` ae ui`bsorhdcb cbhgoij wauc` naitoiub ui`br hiy rbjokb.

Bvbi wotl aur nurrbit nrokoihc chws ai tlb daags, ot os nakkaipchnb. _bt ot os hcsa

rbchtovbcy rhrb ear tlos goi` ae lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij ta cbh` ta rbcbhsbs ae oiearkhtoai

tlht bi`hijbr ihtoaihc sbnuroty ar lukhi coeb. Zb hrb thcgoij lbrb, hetbr hcc, iat hdaut

Drh`cby Khiioijs hi` B`whr` îaw`bis, dut wbcc-rbjhr`b` kbi hi` wakbi wotl

giawi trhng rbnar`s, vbttb` dy tlb prbso`bit dbearb dboij hppaoitb` dy lok, hi`

tlbi vbttb` hjhoi dbearb dboij nairkb` dy tlb ^bihtb. Plbrb os ia rbhsai ta bxpbnt

tlht tlbsb aenohcs wocc rbngcbsscy nakprakosb bxtrbkbcy sbisotovb ihtoaihc sbnuroty

sbnrbts hdaut oitbccojbinb saurnbs hi` kbtla`s ar nryptacajon systbks ar whr pchis

hi` tlb cogb. Bvbi hs khttbrs sthi` ta`hy, ot os iat tlb chw hi` tlb praspbnt ae nrokoihc

puioslkbit tlht gbbps lojl-rhigoij aenohcs erak òsncasoij sunl sbisotovb tloijs. Ot

os phtroatosk hi` nakkai sbisbwlonl oi tlb tbrkoiacajy ae pacotonhc snobitosts hrb

nhccb` iarks. Oi hiy bvbit, tlb gby paoit os tlht òsncasurb wocc iat db erbb ae rosg

bvbi ear lojl-rhigoij aenohcs. Nrokoihc cohdocoty khy db rbùnb` ar bcokoihtb` dut h

pawbreuc systbk ae rbstrhoits wauc` stocc rbkhoi oi pchnb= iat oi tlb nrokoihc dut oi

tlb pacotonhc àkhoi.

Plbrb os h sojionhit prbnb`bit ear tlos hcrbh`y duoct oita aur systbk. âkb hntars oi

aur naistotutoaihc ar`br lhvb caij bimayb` tlb òsnrbtoai ta rbvbhc sbnrbts erbb erak

ebhr ae nrokoihc prasbnutoai hi` sudmbnt aicy ta pacotonhc naisbqubinbs. Plb ^pbbnl

ar @bdhtb nchusb ae tlb Naistotutoai aeebrs h chdarhtary oi wlonl wb nhi adsbrvb law

sunl h systbk wargs.


8/12

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai


9/12

Jhdrobc nlabiebc` ^bnrbny, Cbhgs, hi` ^bcbntovb Vrasbnutoai ? Laavbr Oistotutoai ^thiear` Riovbrsot

Hctlaujl Naijrbss os hssukb` dy khiy oi tlb bxbnutovb drhinl ta db h sojionhit

saurnb ae cbhgs, naijrbssoaihc cbhgoij sbcàk `rhws kunl httbitoai erak botlbr

prasbnutars ar tlb pudcon. Plb okkuioty ae ots kbkdbrs khgbs ot h lhr` thrjbtui`br

kast nornuksthinbs, hi okpassodcb thrjbt

ear prasbnutars. Plb rbprbsbithtovb ihturbae ots kbkdbrs jovbs tlbor hntoais, hi` bvbi tlbor sakbtokbs eaacosl caasb cops, h

kbhsurb ae cbjotokhny. Vrbsukhdcy, ot os tlhigs ta tlb ^pbbnl ar @bdhtb nchusb tlht

òsncasurbs bkhihtoij erak Naijrbss rhrbcy oe bvbr bconot nlhrjbs ae àudcb sthi`hr`s

hi` lypanrosy wlbi tlby ja uipuioslb`.

Plos os iat ta shy tlht bxtbiòij tlb proinopcbs ui`brpoiioij tlb ^pbbnl ar @bdhtb

nchusb ta sakb skhcc erhntoai ae tlb bxbnutovb drhinl wauc` cbhvb tlb navbrb` aenohcs

erbb erak hcc ebhr ae puioslkbit ear koslhi`coij nchssob` oiearkhtoai. Hs iatb`

bhrcobr, tlby wauc` rbkhoi vucibrhdcb ta atlbr earks ae puioslkbit slart ae nrokoihc

prasbnutoai. Ear aib tloij, tlby nauc` db h`koiostrhtovbcy shintoaib` ar pudconcy

rbprokhi`b` dy tlb prbso`bit ar sokpcy òskossb`. Ear hiatlbr tloij, oe tlb prbso`bit

`bncoibs ta puiosl tlbk ar ehocs ta puiosl tlbk suenobitcy, lb loksbce hi` los phrty

nauc` db lbc` ta hnnauit ht tlb dhccat dax dy tlb vatbrs aroi bxtrbkb nhsbs

lb nauc` db okpbhnlb`.

Cbhgbrs tlbksbcvbs nauc`, tlbarbtonhccy ht cbhst, hcsa db okpbhnlb`. ^bntoai 0 ae

Hrtoncb OO ae tlb Naistotutoai pravo`bs tlht hcc novoc Aenbrsae tlb Riotb` ^thtbs, slhcc

db rbkavb` erak Aenb ai Okpbhnlkbit ear, hi` Naivontoai ae, Prbhsai, Drodbry, ar

atlbr Lojl nrokbs hi` Kos`bkbhiars (bkplhsos h``b`). Pwa qubstoais okkbòhtbcy

hrosb erak tlos= @a prbso`bitohc hppaoitbbs quhcoey hs novoc Aenbrs1 Hi` àbs cbhgoij

ear occonot purpasbs naistotutb h Lojl nrokb ar Kos`bkbhiar1

Plb novoc Aenbrs nchusb lhs prokhrocy dbbi òrbntb` ht eb`brhc mu`jbs wla kosusb

tlbor pasotoai. Dut prbso`bitohc hppaoitbbs hcsa ehcc ui`br ots purvobw. Pa db surb,

okpbhnlkbit ae bxbnutovb drhinl novoc aenbrs os bvbi rhrbr tlhi okpbhnlkbit

ae prbso`bits= tlbrb lhs aicy dbbi aib sunl nhsb oi aur lostary. Oi 8


10/12


dut iat ibnbsshrocy oi voachtoai ae pasotovb sthtutary chw ar eardo``bi dy tlb nakkai

chw. Ot wbit ai ta i` tlht Zlbi sunl kosdblhvoar annurs oi naiibntoai wotl tlb

eb`brhc aenb, hntuhc nrokoihc naiùnt slauc` iat db h rbquosotb ta okpbhnlkbit

ae h mu`jb ar hiy atlbr eb`brhc aenohc. Zlocb sunl naiùnt ibb` iat db nrokoihc,ot iaibtlbcbss kust db suenobitcy sbroaus ta db aeebisbs hjhoist jaa` karhcs hi`

oimuroaus ta tlb sanohc da`y.

Naijrbss lhs hrrovb` ht sokochr naincusoais oi atlbr okpbhnlkbit pranbbòijs

hi` lhs rbpbhtb`cy `bib` atlbr Lojl nrokbs hi` Kos`bkbhiars ta db sbroaus

voachtoais ae tlb pudcon trust, iat ibnbsshrocy oiònthdcb aeebisbs ui`br nrokoihc

chws.4Cbhgoij ihtoaihc sbnuroty sbnrbts ear occonot purpasbs wauc` oi khiy oisthinbs

quhcoey hs h sbroaus voachtoai ae tlb pudcon trust. Hs h Naijrbssoaihc Tbsbhrnl ^brvonb

rbpart adsbrvb` oi hi avbrvobw ae okpbhnlkbit, tlb Hkbronhi systbk sbbks karb

`bsojib` ta pratbnt tlb pudcon oitbrbst tlhi ta puiosl tlb pbrsai okpbhnlb`.>Plht

os prbnosbcy law wb slauc` trbht occonot òsncasurbs ae nchssob` oiearkhtoai wlbi tlby

bkhihtb erak tlb lojlbst cbvbcs ae aur javbrikbit.

Tadbrt Cott, tlb Jbibrhc Nauisbc ae tlb Aenb ae tlb @orbntar ae Ihtoaihc Oitbccojbinb,

rbkhrgb` rbnbitcy tlht h prokhry cbssai tlht lb hi` los naccbhjubs lh` cbhrib` erak

tlb îaw`bi hsna os tlht wb wauc` cogbcy lhvb sueebrb` cbss `hkhjb erak tlb cbhgs

lh` wb dbbi karb eartlnakoij hdaut sakb ae aur hntovotobs, hi` phrtonuchrcy hdaut

tlb paconobs hi` `bnosoais dbloi` tlasb hntovotobs. Dboij eartlnakoij, lb naitoiub`,

kbhis rbhssbssoij law wb strogb tlb dhchinb dbtwbbi tlb ibb` ta gbbp sbnrbt tlb

sbisotovb saurnbs, kbtla`s hi` thrjbts ae aur oitbccojbinb hntovotobs, hi` tlb jahc ae

trhisphrbiny wotl tlb Hkbronhi pbapcb hdaut tlb rucbs hi` paconobs javbrioij tlasb

hntovotobs. Naitbiòij wotl tlb pradcbk ae lojl-cbvbc cbhgoij hi` tlb àudcb sthi`hr`

ot bijbi`brs slauc` db phrt ae tlht rbhssbsskbit.

Ae naursb, ot os aicy aib pobnbhi` dy ia kbhis tlb dojjbst pobnbae h lojlcy

nakpcbx puzzcb. Hcaij wotl tlb kunl ibb`b` (dut rbkhrghdcy lhk-stb`)

tojltbioij up tlht tlb Adhkh h`koiostrhtoai lhs dbbi naiùntoij, wb hcsa ibb`

dbttbr pratbntoai ear jbiuoib wlostcbdcawbrs, ehstbr hi` karb nakprblbisovb

`bnchssonhtoai, hi` h nhrbeuc caag ht tlb oinbitovb strunturb tlht lhs cb` ta tlb

prakosnuaus usb ae tlb sbnrbny sthkp ai oiianuaus ànukbits. Plb sloet O lhvb

prapasb` lbrb os nbrthoi ta bconot brnb nrotonosk hi`/ar rbsosthinb erak sakb

quhrtbrs. Ia àudt kunl ae tlht nrotonosk hi` rbsosthinb wocc db dhsb` upai vhco`

nainbris hdaut law dbst ta pratbnt Hkbronhs sbnrbts. Bvbi oe tlb rbeark O lhvb

sujjbstb` turis aut ta db pradcbkhton oi whys tlht pravb oisupbrhdcb, ky lapb, ht

tlb vbry cbhst, os tlht ot wocc pravagb h òsnussoai ae law dbst ta rbphor sakb dragbi

woiàws tlht lhvb dbbi nastoij tlb nauitry `bhrcy.


11/12


Iatbs

8 8< R.^. Na`b :?>Jhtlbroij, trhiskottoij ar casoij bebisb oiearkhtoai, hnnbssb` Khy 4:, 4680,

lttp=//www.chw.naribcc.bù/usna`b/tbxt/8.

4 Okpbhnlkbit= Hi Avbrvobw ae Naistotutoaihc Vravosoais, Vranbùrb, hi` Vrhntonb, @bnbkdbr ?, 4686,

hnnbssb` Khy 4:, 4680, lttp= //www.sbihtb.jav/NT^Tbparts/nrs-pudcoslnek1po`;%45*4%>N0V%2N

%>D%>@%6H.

> Odo`.

Napyrojlt 4680 dy tlb Dahr` ae Prustbbs ae tlb Cbchi` thiear` Muioar Riovbrsoty

Plb pudcoslbr lhs kh`b hi aicoib vbrsoai ae tlos warg hvhochdcb ui`br h Nrbhtovb Nakkais Httrodutoai-

Ia@brovs conbisb >.6. Pa vobw h napy ae tlos conbisb, vosot lttp=//nrbhtovbnakkais.arj/conbisbs/dy-i`/>.6.

Laavbr Oistotutoai Vrbss hssukbs ia rbspaisodocoty ear tlb pbrsostbinb ar hnnurhny ae RTCs ear bxtbrihc ar

tlor`-phrty Oitbribt wbdsotbs rbebrrb` ta oi tlos pudconhtoai, hi` àbs iat juhrhitbb tlht hiy naitbit ai sunl

wbdsotbs os, ar wocc rbkhoi, hnnurhtb ar hppraprohtb.

Eorst proitoij 4680

46 8? 8< 8: 85 82 80 : 5 2 0 > 4 8


12/12

J d o c ^ l e c` ^ C g ` ^ c o V o L O o o ^ e ` R o o

Hdaut tlb Hutlar

Jhdrobc ^nlabiebc`

Jhdrobc ^nlabiebc`, h sbioarebccaw ht Lu`sai Oistotutb,

os tlb hutlar ae Ibnbsshry

^bnrbts= Ihtoaihc ^bnuroty,

tlb Kb`oh, hi` tlb Tucb

ae Chw.Lb whs h sbioar

h`vosbr ta Kott Takibys

4684 prbso`bitohc nhkphoji,

sbioar b`otar ht Nakkbithry

erak 8??0 ta 466

secrecy, leaks, and selective prosecution, by gabriel schoenfeld

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