section 12.3 respiratory health slide 1 of 18 objectives list the functions of the respiratory...

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Section 12.3 Respiratory Health

Objectives

List the functions of the respiratory system.

Describe how air travels through your respiratory system, and how you breathe.


Identify ways to keep the respiratory system healthy.

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Health Stats What does the graph suggest about asthma rates?

Describe some factors that could contribute to the rise and fall of asthma rates.

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• The respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen from the outside environment into the body.

The Respiratory System

• It also removes carbon dioxide from the body.

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On its way to the lungs, air passes through the

The Pathway of Air

• nose• pharynx• larynx• trachea• bronchi

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The Respiratory System

Nose and Nasal CavitiesAir enters the body through two nostrils and then moves into the nasal cavities.

PharynxNext air enters the pharynx, or throat. The mouth also connects to the pharynx.

Epiglottis and LarynxAir travels from the pharynx to the larynx. The larynx contains the vocal cords. When you swallow, the epiglottis seals the larynx to prevent food or liquid from entering the trachea.

TracheaThe trachea, or windpipe, leads from the larynx to the lungs.

LungIn the lungs, bronchi divide like branches of a tree into smaller tubes. At the end of the smallest tubes are the alveoli. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in alveoli.

BronchusThe trachea divides into two bronchi (singular, bronchus), which are cartilage-ringed tubes that enter each lung.

CiliaCilia line most of the respiratory tract. Cilia capture mucus that contains dust and microorganisms and sweep it toward your throat to be swallowed.

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• At the end of the smallest tubes in the lungs are millions of tiny sacs that look like bunches of grapes.

Gas Exchange

• These sacs, called alveoli (singular, alveolus), are where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

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Alveoli

Capillary

Blood rich in carbon dioxide

Blood richin oxygen

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The breathing process is controlled by the actions of muscles in your ribs and chest.

The Breathing Process

• Inhalation • When you inhale, the diaphragm (DY uh fram), a dome-

shaped muscle that lies below the lungs, flattens.• The chest cavity enlarges, the volume of the lungs

increases, and air flows in.

• Exhalation • When you exhale, or breathe out, the diaphragm

moves upward.• The rib muscles relax and the ribs drop.• These movements make the chest cavity smaller and

squeeze air from the lungs.

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InhalationThe volume of the lungs increases, and air flows in.

ExhalationThe volume of the lungs decreases, and air is pushed out.

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Active Art: The Respiratory System

Click on the screen above to launch the Active Art.

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You can keep your respiratory system healthy by

Keeping Healthy

• avoiding tobacco smoke and air pollution

• treating asthma if you have it

• avoid respiratory infections

• get regular exercise

• maintain a healthy weight

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• The most important think you can do to protect your respiratory system is not to smoke.

Avoiding Smoking and Air Pollution

• It is also important to avoid exposure to air pollutants whenever possible.

• Before exercising outdoors on a hot, sunny day, check local news reports for warnings about air quality.

• Work in a well-ventilated area when you paint or use other chemicals.

• If you do work that generates fumes or dust wear a mask.

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• Asthma (AZ muh) is a disorder in which respiratory passageways become inflamed.

Living With Asthma

• During an asthma attack, the passageways narrow until air can barely pass through.

• As a result, the person wheezes, coughs, and has difficulty breathing.

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Click above to go online.

For: Updates on asthma

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• Avoid Respiratory Infections Bronchitis is an infection that causes the mucous membranes lining the bronchi to become inflamed.

Other Healthful Behaviors

• Get Regular Exercise Exercise helps your lungs become more efficient at taking in oxygen and eliminating carbon dioxide.

• Maintain a Healthy Weight The respiratory system of an overweight person must work harder to deliver adequate oxygen than the system of a normal weight person.

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Vocabulary

alveoli The sacs in the lungs where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood.

diaphragm A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that is involved in the breathing process.

asthma A disorder in which respiratory passageways become inflamed and narrow during attacks, leading to difficulty breathing.

bronchitis An infection that causes the mucous membranes lining the bronchi to become inflamed.

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QuickTake Quiz

Click to start quiz.

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Click above to go online.

For: Chapter 12 self test

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End of Section 12.3

Click on this slide to end this presentation.

section 12.3 respiratory health slide 1 of 18 objectives list the functions of the respiratory...

Documents

respiratory health slide

oxygen slide

respiratory tract

respiratory system nose

respiratory system healthy

health stats

air flows

larynx air travels