section a body language in daily use next back preparation getting the message direction: answer the...

Section ASection A

Body Language in Body Language in Daily UseDaily Use

UNIT EIGHTUNIT EIGHT UNIT EIGHTUNIT EIGHT NextBack

Preparation

Getting the MessageGetting the MessageDirection: Answer the following questions according to Direction: Answer the following questions according to

the text.the text.

1. 1. Is body language new to us?Is body language new to us?

2. When communicating with others, what gestures or body 2. When communicating with others, what gestures or body movements do you often use?movements do you often use?

3.What do gestures mean to you?3.What do gestures mean to you?

4.Do you often use body languages or gestures while talking 4.Do you often use body languages or gestures while talking with others?with others?

5. Have you ever noticed, while in conversation with others, 5. Have you ever noticed, while in conversation with others, any gestures used by them?any gestures used by them?


Background InformationBackground Information

1. Fiorello La Guardia1. Fiorello La Guardia

Born on December 11th, 1882 in New York City, anBorn on December 11th, 1882 in New York City, and died on September 20th, 1947, Fiorello La Guardia d died on September 20th, 1947, Fiorello La Guardia (( 菲奥雷洛菲奥雷洛 ·· 拉瓜迪亚拉瓜迪亚 ) studied law at New York Unive) studied law at New York University. In 1916, La Guardia was elected to the House of Rersity. In 1916, La Guardia was elected to the House of Representatives (presentatives ( 众议院众议院 ) as a progressive Republican () as a progressive Republican ( 共共和党人和党人 ). In 1933, he was elected mayor of New York Ci). In 1933, he was elected mayor of New York City and served at this position for 12 years. ty and served at this position for 12 years.


2. Albert Mehrabian2. Albert Mehrabian

Albert Mehrabian (Albert Mehrabian ( 阿尔伯特阿尔伯特 ·· 玛洛比恩玛洛比恩 ), who recei), who received his Ph.D. from Clark University, is known for his pionved his Ph.D. from Clark University, is known for his pioneering work in the field of nonverbal communication (body eering work in the field of nonverbal communication (body language). His experiments helped identify nonverbal and language). His experiments helped identify nonverbal and subtle ways in which one conveys like and dislike, power asubtle ways in which one conveys like and dislike, power and leadership, discomfort and insecurity, social attractivenend leadership, discomfort and insecurity, social attractiveness or persuasiveness.ss or persuasiveness. He currently devotes his time to research, writing, and co He currently devotes his time to research, writing, and consulting as Professor Emeritus of Psychology (nsulting as Professor Emeritus of Psychology ( 荣誉退休荣誉退休的心理学教授的心理学教授 ), University of California, Los Angeles.), University of California, Los Angeles.


Reading ThroughReading Through Main IdeaMain Idea Body language is an essential part of our comm

unication. Recently, researchers discovered that there

is a system to gestures. Body language not only varies

according to cultural and regional differences, but is

also particular to individuals. Body language acts to e

mphasize our words and sometimes even replace the

m when verbal communication is inconvenient or imp

ossible. However, body language is too complicated to

be put down in a dictionary because a single gesture

may mean varied things.


New WordsNew Words

dailydailyverbalverbalgesturegestureeyebroweyebrowrandomrandomresearcherresearchermeaningmeaningFrenchmanFrenchmanmalemalelowerlowereyelideyelidchinchinwidenwiden

nativenativesexsexracialracialbackgroundbackgroundmayormayorItalianItalianspeechspeechdubdubemphasizeemphasizeefficiently dislikeefficiently dislikepsychologistpsychologisttotaltotalregionalregional


Phrases and ExpressionsPhrases and Expressions

along withalong with

end with end with

as well asas well as

finish upfinish up

(and) what is more(and) what is more

pick outpick out

tell fromtell from

put acrossput across

spell outspell out

in conversation within conversation with


Detailed Study of Text ADetailed Study of Text A

1. We all communicate with one another using both verbal a1. We all communicate with one another using both verbal and nonverbal language. (para.1)nd nonverbal language. (para.1)

2. we 2. we areare not even aware that we’re doing it. (para.1) not even aware that we’re doing it. (para.1)

3. We move around in our chairs, gesture with eyebrows or 3. We move around in our chairs, gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away. (para.a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away. (para.1)1)

4. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there 4. But researchers have discovered in recent years that there is a system to these gestures.(para.1)is a system to these gestures.(para.1)

5. It is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are 5. It is also interesting to note that in talking, Americans are likely to end a sentence likely to end a sentence withwith a dropping of the head or ha a dropping of the head or hand, as well as with a lowering of the eyelids. (para.2)nd, as well as with a lowering of the eyelids. (para.2)


6. an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin ju6. an expert can sometimes pick out a native of Wisconsin just by the way a person uses his or her eyebrows during cst by the way a person uses his or her eyebrows during conversations. (para.3)onversations. (para.3)

7. What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and ver7. What the nonverbal gestures put across very often and very efficiently is the emotional side of the message. (para.y efficiently is the emotional side of the message. (para.5)5)

8. But experts in the study of communication through body 8. But experts in the study of communication through body movement movement areare not yet prepared to spell out an exact dicti not yet prepared to spell out an exact dictionary of gestures, as body movements can mean many thonary of gestures, as body movements can mean many things. (para.6)ings. (para.6)

9. For example, a student in conversation with a professor m9. For example, a student in conversation with a professor may hold the older person’s eyes a little longer than usual.ay hold the older person’s eyes a little longer than usual.

(para.6)(para.6)


“vS-ing” 短语在句子中充当状语成分，表示时间、伴随、方式等。

Practice:

Use the “v-ing” phrases to finish the following sentences.

1. 他走进房间，紧张的环顾四周。 He entered the room _______________________.

2. 正因为我们坐在后面，我们一个字都听不见。 _________________________, we can’t hear a word.

nervously looking around

Sitting at the back as we are


be (become) aware that/ of sth. be (become) aware that/ of sth. 意识到，知道意识到，知道

Practice:Practice:

Fill in the blanks with the phrases related to the word “aware”.

1. 我慢慢感觉到天气变冷了。 I ________ gradually _________ it’s getting colder.

2. 她知道自己的儿子吸毒吗？ ____ she __________ her son taking drugs?

3. 唤起学生的爱国意识。 to ______the students’ _________ of patriotism.

become aware that

Is aware of

raise awareness


meet one’s eyes meet one’s eyes 遇到某人的目光遇到某人的目光

e.g.

The girl met the boy’s eyes and looked away immediately.

女孩遇上男孩的目光后，马上将视线移开。Practice:Practice:Read the following phrases and translate into Chinese.

make/avoid eye contact------------------

in the eyes of…-----------------------------

have a (good) eye for sth.-----------------

keep an eye on sth.-------------------------

an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---

目光接触（避开目光）在 ······ 看来在 ······ 有（好）眼光

注视；照顾

以眼还眼；以牙还牙


“there be + 名词词组（ + 其他）”句型 :

表示“存在，有”这一句型中的名词词组一般是泛指或不定特指。在这种名词词组中，通常带有不定冠词、零冠词及其他非特指的限定词，如 some ， any ，no ， several ， many ， much ， more ， (a) few ，(a) little ， less ， another ， a lot of ， plenty of ， a (large) number of ， enough 等等。

PracticePracticeThere be

句型练习There be

句型练习


Rewrite the following sentences with “There be” structure.Rewrite the following sentences with “There be” structure.

1. No one was waiting.1. No one was waiting.

2. Something must be wrong.2. Something must be wrong.

3. Plenty of people are getting promotion.3. Plenty of people are getting promotion.

4. Something is causing her distress.4. Something is causing her distress.

5. Was anyone around?5. Was anyone around?

There was no one waiting.

There must be something wrong.

There are plenty of people getting promotion.

There’s something causing her distress.

Was there anyone around?


end with end with 以以 ············ 结束结束

e.g. - He ended his letter with good wishes to the family.

他以对全家人的祝福结束这封信。 Remember the following phrases, and then use the proper

ones to finish the sentences on next page.

end in sth.--------------------

end up doing sth. ----------

on end-------------------------

end to end--------------------

make (both) ends meet-----

以 ······ 为结果以 ······ 结束

连续地首尾相接量入为出，收支相抵


1. - Mr Hu’s three marriages _________ divorce.1. - Mr Hu’s three marriages _________ divorce.

2. - Whenever we go out to dinner with them, I always __2. - Whenever we go out to dinner with them, I always __

_____ paying the bill._____ paying the bill.

3. - He has been working on his paper for three weeks __3. - He has been working on his paper for three weeks __

_____._____.

4. - The desks were arranged __________.4. - The desks were arranged __________.

5. - The festival will __________ a big cerebration.5. - The festival will __________ a big cerebration.

6. - When Mike lost his job, we could barely __________6. - When Mike lost his job, we could barely __________

_____._____.

7. – We’ll have some nice cheese to __________. 7. – We’ll have some nice cheese to __________.

[on end, end to end, end in, end up, make (both) ends meet ][on end, end to end, end in, end up, make (both) ends meet ]

ended in

end up

on end

end to end

end with

make ends meet

end with


as well as 等连词或连词短语用于连接句子中的并列成分，所连接的并列成分一般都要求语法性状保持一致。可以构成句子成分并列结构的连词和短语主要有： and ， or ，not only…, but also ； either…, or… ； neither…, nor ； rather than… 等等。这种并列现象在英语中俯拾皆是。

e.g.e.g. 1. - We all communicate with one another using both

verbal and nonverbal language. ( 形容词并列 )

2.- We move around in our chairs, gesture with eyebrows or a hand, meet someone else’s eyes and look away. ( 名词并列；动词短语并列 )


pick out pick out 辨认出；区别出；挑选辨认出；区别出；挑选

e.g.e.g.

1. 你能从这群人里认出你妹妹吗？ - Can you pick out your sister in this crowd?

2. 我打算挑些书送给我在英国的朋友。 - I am going to pick out some books to send to my frien

d in Britain.


put across put across 使（自己的想法，感情等）被了解；表达使（自己的想法，感情等）被了解；表达

e.g.

1. 一些新教师不知如何清楚地表达自己。 - Some new teachers don’t know how to put their ideas

across well.

2. 我没有把自己的意思解释得很清楚。 - I’m not putting my meaning across very well.

PracticePractice


Match the verb phrases combined with “put” with the suitablMatch the verb phrases combined with “put” with the suitable Chinese translation.e Chinese translation.

put downput down put forwardput forward put offput off put onput on put on weightput on weight put output out put throughput through put togetherput together put upput up put blame onput blame on put up withput up with

熄灭熄灭增加体重增加体重穿上穿上延期延期 ; ; 脱下脱下提出以供考虑提出以供考虑写下来；镇压；制止写下来；镇压；制止忍受忍受责备责备建造；竖立建造；竖立组装组装接通电话线接通电话线


be prepared to do sth. be prepared to do sth. 愿意的，甘愿的；准备好的愿意的，甘愿的；准备好的

e.g.e.g.

1.1. 如果我们不愿去试验新的事物，事情永远也不会有改如果我们不愿去试验新的事物，事情永远也不会有改变。变。 Things would never change if we weren't prepared tThings would never change if we weren't prepared t

o experiment with something new.o experiment with something new.

2.2. 为了赢得胜利，这些人民做好了牺牲一切的准备。为了赢得胜利，这些人民做好了牺牲一切的准备。 The people are prepared to sacrifice everything to aThe people are prepared to sacrifice everything to a

chieve victory.chieve victory.


in conversation with in conversation with 与与 ············ 谈话谈话

e.g.e.g.

1. 我发现他正和两个陌生人聊得起劲。 - I found him deep in conversation with a stranger.

2. 我并不认识在车上与我交谈的男士。 - I didn’t know the man who was in conversation with

me on the bus.


SummarySummary

The core message the author wants to express is The core message the author wants to express is

that “there is a system to these gestures” (i.e. the system othat “there is a system to these gestures” (i.e. the system of nonverbal language). A few approaches are employed to f nonverbal language). A few approaches are employed to create a sense of certainty about the pervasiveness of noncreate a sense of certainty about the pervasiveness of nonverbal language. Firstly, all the sentences in this passage verbal language. Firstly, all the sentences in this passage are positive statements. Secondly, the topic sentences are are positive statements. Secondly, the topic sentences are coincidently or consciously placed at the beginning of eaccoincidently or consciously placed at the beginning of each paragraph followed by supporting details. Thirdly, the qh paragraph followed by supporting details. Thirdly, the quotation from the experts also helps to dispel the readers’ uotation from the experts also helps to dispel the readers’ doubt, for example, the formula invented by Psychologist doubt, for example, the formula invented by Psychologist Albert Mehrabian makes the author stance scientific.Albert Mehrabian makes the author stance scientific.

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