sector theory
DESCRIPTION
sector theoryTRANSCRIPT
SECTOR THEORYSUKHBIR SINGH
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Homer Hoyt (1895–1984) was a land economist, a real estate appraiser, and a real estate consultant. In his long and accomplished life, he conducted path-breaking research on land economics, developed an influential approach to the analysis of neighborhoods and housing markets, refined local area economic analysis, and was a major figure in the development of suburban shopping centers in the decades after World War II. His sector model of land use remains one of his most well-known contributions to urban scholarship
HOMER HOYT(1895–1984)
theory of urban structure also known as Hoyt Model developed in 1939 by Homer Hoyt states that a city develops in
sectors, not rings certain areas are more attractive for
different activities because of an environmental factor or by mere chance.
Hoyt modified the concentric zone model to account for major transportation routes
according to this model most major cities evolved around the nexus of several important transport facilities such as railroads, sea ports, and trolly lines that eminated from the city's center.
Hoyt theorized that cities would tend to grow in wedge-shaped patterns, or sectors, eminating from the CBD and centered on major transportation routes.
Sector Model
It is a monocentric representation of urban areas He posited a CBD around which other land uses cluster But important factor is not distance from CBD as in the
concentric zone model, but direction away from CBD As growth occurs, similar activities
stay in the same area and extend outwards The Hoyt model realized that transportation (in
particular) and access to resources caused a disruption of the Burgess model.
For example a rail line or major highway to a nearby city may result in business development to preferentially develop parallel to the rail line or major highway. So one side of a city may be completely industrial with another sector may be completely rural.
Industry
• Industry follows rivers, canals, railroads, or roads• Lower class workers work here. Paid little, bad working conditions.• Produces goods or other domestic products for city
Low Class Residential• Low income housing• Near railroads that feed factories or• Inhabitants tend to work in factories• Live near industry to reduce transportation costs• Pollution or poor environmental conditions due to industry (traffic, noise and pollution make it cheap)
Middle Class Residential• More desirable area because it is further from industry and pollution• Access to transportation lines for working people who work in the CBD, making transport easier• Largest residential area
High Class Residential• Housing on outermost edge• Furthest away from industry• Quiet, clean, less traffic• Corridor or spine extending from CBD to edge has best housing.
DIFFERENT SECTORS
Where it does and doesn’t apply (some weaknesses) Applies well to Chicago Low cost housing is near industry and transportation
proving Hoyt’s model Theory based on 20th century and does not take
into account cars which make commerce easier With cars, people can live anywhere and further
from the city and still travel to the CBD using their car. Not only do high-class residents have cars, but also middle and lower class people may have cars.
+VE & -VE
Chicago, a city in the U.S. state of Illinois, is the third most populous city in the United States and the most populous city in the American Midwest; with approximately 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area (also called "Chicagoland"), which extends into Indiana and Wisconsin, is the third-largest in the United States, after those of New York City and Los Angeles, with an estimated 9.5 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County,though a small portion of the city limits also extends into DuPage County.
BREIF INTRO
TRANSPORTATION ROLE
CASE STUDY (SHIVAJINAGAR)
Shivajinagar is an area in the heart Pune city. This is the most important area of the city as the district court (Pune), Pune Municipal Corporation, College of Engineering (Pune), Agricultural College (Pune), Shivaji preparatory military school etc. are located in this area. The bus stand at Shivajinagar connects the city to destinations in the state of Maharashtra. Shivajinagar Railway Station is an important station for the suburban railway traffic of Pune
This area also has roads like the Ambedkar road (University road) which links Pune Railway Station area to Pune University and Aundh via Shivajinagar and Mumbai - Pune old road which links Dehu Road to Pune Railway Station area via Shivajinagar, Khadki,Pimpri, Chinchwad, and Nigdi.
SHIVAJINAGAR SECTOR MODEL
Decentralization (or decentralisation) is the process of redistributing or dispersing functions, powers, people or things away from a central location or authority.[1][2] While decentralization, especially in the governmental sphere, is widely studied and practiced, there is no common definition or understanding of decentralization. The meaning of decentralization may vary in part because of the different ways it is
Benefits—less tax,have to leave some space for residential use
inference
Mixed-use development is — in a broad sense — any urban, suburban or village development, or even a single building, that blends a combination of residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or industrial uses, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections.[1][2] The term ("a mixed-use development") may also be used more specifically to refer to a mixed-use real estate development project — a building, complex of buildings, or district of a town or city that is developed for mixed-use by a private developer, (quasi-)governmental agency, or a combination thereof
Mixed land use
benefits include:[3]
greater housing variety and density reduced distances between housing,
workplaces, retail businesses, and other destinations
more compact development stronger neighborhood character pedestrian and bicycle-friendly environments
Knowledge city—dubai ,alwar IT city—silicion valley,banglore
Special landuse city