seema project

8/2/2019 Seema Project

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SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE &

ECONOMICS

PROJECT WORK

TYBMS : 2012-13



1.What is a Project?

1.1 Project is putting in action whatever you

learn in a theory.

1.2 Project is a type of a field study, what is

happening around the world.



2.What is Research?

Definition:Research defined, ”Systematic

investigation into and study of

material & sources in order to establish facts

& reach new conclusions.

Research is the systematic investigation of a

particular subject.



2.1.Purpose of Research

2.1.1. Research is an organised inquiry scientifically designed &

systematically conducted to generate verifiable information to guide

decision making or problem solving.

2.1.2. Mandatory fulfillment of requirements prescribed for a degree or

a diplomas & professions.2.1.3. Self fulfillment & actualization- the underlying urge for creativity &

innovation.

2.1.4. Social service & standings.

2.1.5. Consultancy assignments as a professional.

2.1.6. Accepting new challenges as an exciting & joyful proposition.

2.1.7. The underlying purpose of a research is the search of truth.



2.2.Research Terminology

Variables are of 3 types:

2.2.1. Dependent Variable : A dependent variable is an item whose performance or response is influenced or driven by the independent variable.

e.g: profit before tax, profit after tax, dividends per share, earnings per share, marketprice per share, output/input ratios, absenteeism, employee turnover, jobsatisfaction, job enrichment, consumer preferences for one brand over another.

2.2.2. Independent Variable:An Independent variable is a factor which derives the behaviour performance of other variables. It is the factor which has an impact on the dependent variable.

e.g. motivation, leadership, organizational structure, corporate culture, mix of debt &equity, proportion of current assets to current liabilities, recruitment & selectionmethods, bonus schemes, product quality, product differentiation techniques.

2.2.3. Intervening Variable:

Intervening Variable is a variable which has the role of moderating the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable.

e.g:- If sales increase profit will go up provided the cost do not increase more thanrevenue. Here, Sales is the independent variable & profit is the dependent variable

& cost is intervening variable.



3.Hypothesis

• The relationship between two or more variables

are hypothesized for the purpose of testing. Theoutcomes of the testing will decide whether there

is (or not) a relationship between two or more

variable. The testing can also reveal the extent

of relationship.

• Hypothesis is an assumption based on a series

of facts for inferring the existence of an object or the cause effect relationship between the

dependent & independent variable.



3.1. Meaning of Hypothesis

• “ A hypothesis is a statement which can be verified but which is as

yet neither proved nor disproved.” A hypothesis is neutral. If thehypothesis is proved correct the statement assumed is true & the

hypothesis is true. If the hypothesis is proved incorrect the

statement assumed is false & the hypothesis stands rejected.

3.2. Need for Hypothesis Hypothesis serves two purposes. One to collect facts & Second to

corroborate or support theory.

Thus hypothesis helps the researcher to identify the nature, content

& volume of data required to test the hypothesis. The result arising

out of hypothesis testing either provide solution or motivate further research. The ongoing process of research continues- research

commences hypothesis & it may also end with a new set of

hypothesis indicating the needs for further research.



4. Case studiesThe detailed study of a single case is called Case Study. Casestudies refer to the collection of live information relating to

happenings in business.In the context of case study as a research tool for business, thecase writer explores different episodes, events & experiences &simulates the same in the form of a business scenario. The casewriter also manages the information through due changes in thecase & support it with his own ideas & thoughts relating to the

particular discipline or functional area of management. Projectsundertaken by students help in the development of cases &contribute actively to management literature.

Qualitative Research:

Research relating to the factors driving human behaviour is usually basedon qualitative study. Information is obtained mainly through in-depthinterviews. The information collected is analyzed & interpreted throughinferences, deduction, logic, intuition, judgment & experience of theresearcher. Certain other techniques of qualitative research include wordassociation tests, sentence completion tests, story completion tests &similar projective techniques.



4.1.Types of Qualitative Research

4.1.1. Descriptive Research :

The main purpose of this research is to describe the present situation.

Here the researcher attempts to discover the casual factors thoughthere is no control over the variables. The study is useful in cases

where the researcher wants to measure people’s preferences for

one kind of toothpaste over another etc. Survey method is the key

source for collection of relevant inputs to guide descriptive research.

4.1.2. Conceptual Research:

Arguments are presented on the basis of logic, deduction & sound

reasoning followed by sequencing of ideas & thoughts to prove a

new concept or demolish an existing one. It thus deals with abstract

ideas & theoretical studies.4.1.3. Fundamental Research: (Basic or Pure Research)

It is mainly concerned with generalizations & with the formulation of

theory. For e.g.: Research relating to pure mathematics or physics.



5. Steps in preparation of Project

Work

5.1. Introductory Steps: Title

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgement

Synopsis

Contents



5.2. Main Steps :

Conceptualization of the problem

Brief literature review

Collection of information

Conceptual frame of the Research Proposition

Research design & Plan

Methods of data collection

Analysis of dataStating of hypothesis

Verification & conclusion.



5.1. Introductory Steps :

This part of the research work contains the introductory

information of the research such as object of research, itsnature, acknowledgement, bibliography etc.

This contains the following topics:

5.1.1. Title:

The first page is the title page of the research. Here thetitle of the project, name of the research institute,

researcher, date of publication etc. is given. The title

should be short & clear. If the main title is too long then

there can be a sub-title too. While the title should beconcise, it should effectively articulate the essential nature

of the study.



SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS

ANDHERI (EAST), MUMBAI : 400 069

BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIED

PROJECT REPORT ON

EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT IN HR

SUBMITTED BY

REMYA RAMANKUTTYTYBMS (SEMESTER V)

PROJECT GUIDE

PROF. SEEMA SAWANT

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

2010-11{Pl. note the cover page & the 1st page of the project will be the same.}



DECLARATION

I --------------, OF SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE & ECONOMICS, OF TYBMS HEREBY DECLARE THAT

I HAVE COMPLETED THIS PROJECT ON “------------------------------------” DURING THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2009-

2010. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE.

DATE : --------------------------- ------------------------------------------

SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT

PLACE: ----------------------

CERTIFICATE

I Prof. ----------------- HEREBY CERTIFY THAT------------------------ OF SHRI CHINAI COLLEGE OF COMMERCE

& ECONOMICS, OF TYBMS HAS COMPLETED HIS PROJECT ON “----------------------------” DURING THE

ACADEMIC YEAR 2009-2010. THE INFORMATION SUBMITTED IS TRUE AND ORIGINAL TO THE BEST OF

MY KNOWLEDGE.

-------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------

SIGNATURE OF PROJECT SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL

GUIDE : OF THE COLLEGE



5.1.2. Foreword:

If the research is sponsored by an Institute or a research body or agency,

then the said entity gives a foreword for the research. The foreword will

include the information about the objectives of the research, its nature, theinstitute sponsoring it & the objectives of the Institute.

5.1.3. Preface :

The researcher writes the preface, where he mentions in brief the objects of

the study, nature of study, scope of the work etc.

5.1.4. Acknowledgement :

All persons who have helped the researcher in the project work in some

way or the other find a place in the list of persons acknowledged. The

valuable assistance offered is gratified here. It also serves as guidance for other researchers in the field as to how to develop an attitude of gratitude.

for e.g. (Proforma)



5.1.4. Acknowledgement

“Initially it was a thought

Then it was an excitement

Later it became a challenge

And now it is a Success”

Entrance, hard work, gradual progress and an existing year that is how have reached this level andnow I stand at the threshold of the aside world. I take a look of the past year which I have spent inthis college my performance with devotion of profession.

So, first of all I would like to thank our college “Shri Chinai College of Commerce & Economics’ andprincipal of the college “Dr. Mrs. Malini Johri’ for this continuous faith and University of Mumbai whohas given this opportunity to do this project in this curriculum. I would like to thank co – ordinator “_______” and my project guide “_______” for being very supportive and help me to complete thisproject and also I would like to thank our Librarian for providing with the books o needed.

So this goes to all those knowingly or unknowingly been a great support for me to complete the

price of work.

Last but not the least I gratefully acknowledge the immense and unfathomable motivation that Ireceived from my parents. They not only enabled me to pursue this area of study but also guidedme all through my deliriums.



6. Synopsis or Executive Summary

6.1. Meaning & Significance : It is an important part of the Project work. In synopsis the researcher tries to give a

complete overview of the results of his research work & his findings in brief.

In the main project various analysis carried out along with the results are presented inan elaborate fashion. However, the results are given in brief in a synopsis. The mainidea behind synopsis is to make the reader acquainted with what he is going to find inthe pages to follow. The synopsis is often viewed in management world as “ExecutiveSummary” usually presented through Bullet points.

6.2. Synopsis- What it contains?The synopsis should contain enough details to let the reader know whatresearch is being done with whom & to what effect? It should arouse thecuriosity of the reader & enable him to assess whether the research is of interest to him & whether it is worthy of further reading. The synopsis shouldstate briefly the objectives, how the independent & dependent variables are

measured? What the hypothesis are? What were the outcomes of hypothesis testing & the conclusions? Synopsis should be sharply focused,brief & concise.

E.g. of Executive Summary:



6.1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The project report has been prepared on the most important

topic in the business scenario, where most of the organizations

are trying their best to survive grow in the competitive world.“Survival the fittest” is the only mantra in this business scenario.

As diamond is the best friend of man, and man has great valueit.

In such an event, I have tried to discuss with some of the Worldstatistics of the issues like Production, Export, Import etc. I hadalso interviewed few HR main executives to understand their policy regarding business, their strategies to suit industries.

The study paper is based both on theory & export marketingpolicies followed in the organizations and the results are quiteencouraging. The future marketing manager have to play a keyrole as catalyst or change agent and focus their attention inunderstanding human beings, their aspirations and howemployees cover fulfill their roles models.



7. Contents

Contents too find an important place in the project work. The title of all the

chapters, titles of articles, serial number of pages etc. are all mentioned in thispage. A typical format of contents page is as follows:-

For e.g.:

Sr. No. Topic Page No.

1 Introduction 7-14

2 Comparison – India &world

16-34

3 Conclusion 35-37



8.Main Steps in Project Preparation

8.1. Conceptualization of the Problem / Object of Research :-

The first step in research is to search what is to be searched i.e. the problem. Finding

a suitable problem for research depends upon the study & interest of researchers &

their discussions with experts in the field & the motivation, which drives scholars into

research.

8.2. Brief Literature Review :

For a typical BMS Project, the students have to indicate their awareness of the latest

books, articles & research papers in the subject matter of the project. At least one Indian & one foreign book & two research articles (one Indian & one

foreign & a few clippings from different sources need to be surveyed for the purpose

of project.

8.3. Secondary Data :

8.3.1. Collection of Information :

The next step is to collect relevant information from the library, books, periodicals

research, publications, & other sources like earlier studies including the methods that

have been used & their currency in the prevailing state of the art. Electronic media

has revolutionized the sources of data- internet, websites, audio video cassettes,

CD’s etc.



8.3.2. Conceptual frame of the Research Proposition or Problem:

Every science has its own terminology. For e.g.: In Economics the terms

unemployment, poverty, demand etc., are used. Thus, all the concepts should be

clearly defined. The researcher has to define the new concepts also to avoid

confusion in the analysis & interpretation of the results. Further, the concepts &operational definition of important terms in use need to be listed.

8.3.3 Research Design & Plan:

Research design & plan plays a major role in the preparation of project work.

Research design refers to the technical specifications of the study in terms of

methodology, nature of the experiments, testing to be carried out & the variablesused.

The following points should be considered while designing the plan:-

Statement of the problem

Listing objectives & scope of study

Sample size- reason for size chosen

Proportion of the sample to the universe.

Efficacy of the sample

Listing of hypothesis to be tested

Geographical coverage of the study



9. Methods of Data Collection

9.1. Primary Data:- i.e. the data collected by the researcher himself .

9.2. Secondary Data:- i.e. the data collected from research work of others or from books, journals, websites & other sources.

The choice between primary & secondary data depends on many factorslike availability of time, availability of funds, accuracy desired,

nature & scope of research & so on.

9.3. Collection of Data: In any research work, the researcher should indicatethe methods adopted in collecting the data, sampling, choosing the size of the sample the reasons for choosing that particular method of sampling inlieu of others.

9.4. Presentation of Data:-

Data collected will be of no use unless it is meaningfully presented.Presenting data in the form of tables & various forms of visual display,wherever possible, aids the researcher in effectively communicating thecontents of the research work.

9.5. Analysis of Data:-

Interpretation follows analysis. A variety of tools & techniques from simpleto the complicated, from quantified to the qualitative is used to facilitate datainterpretation.



9.6. Stating of Hypothesis:-

The researcher finds certain relationships between certain factors

after his analysis. Such a relationship is called a hypothesis. It is a

prediction made before conducting an experiment about thepossible outcomes. The actual experiment tests these predictions &

statistical tests enable the researcher to verify & validate their

findings.

9.7. Verification & Conclusion :-

On the basis of data collected, it is examined whether the

hypothesis of the project is true/ valid or not within the framework of

the theory & conclusions are drawn. If the conclusions are

supported by the data, the hypothesis is accepted & vice versa. The

most important point here is that the inferences drawn by theresearcher should be verifiable & validated.



10. Questionnaire Format

10.1. Topic : Brand Equity (for consumers)

Dear Madam/sir,I am a management student undertaking a study on the Brand Equity for TTK’s “Prestige” Brand of products. This exercise is a part of the project towards fulfilling the requirements of the managementcourse. I would be obliged if you could provide me with some of your valuable time to answer a fewquestions.

Name & Address : ______________________________

______________________________

for e.g.: Closed ended questions:-

1. Have you heard of the brand ‘Prestige”?

Yes No

2. Are you using any of the products of Prestige?

Yes No

3. Do you check for the ISI mark before buying a prestige product?

Yes No Sometimes



for e.g.: Open ended questions:-

4. If the Prestige Cooker is offered for sale with a different brand (you do not know

that it is from TTK) would you buy it?

If yes, please state the chances of percentage of buying.

e.g. Multiple Choice Question:-

5. How long do you know the brand name Prestige?

0-5 yrs. 5-10 yrs. 10-15 yrs. 15 & above

6. You will buy a product other than Prestige if it is :

Just as good as Prestige

Better than Prestige

Far Better than Prestige

Pl. note: There should be another questionnaire format for dealers also.



11. Graphs & Charts

These represent a visual representations of various events. Graphs

& charts are widely used in business for long range planning as well

as day today monitoring of business events. However, graphs &charts should be presented in as simple a manner as possible using

the KISS Concept – Keep it simple stupid. Complexities in charts &

graphs may defeat the very purpose of preparing graphs & charts.

Types of Graphs & Charts :-

11.1. Bar Charts (Histograms)

11.2. Line Graph

11.3. Pie Diagrammes.

Note : Pl. mention the source of each graph, chart &

diagrammes.



11.1 Line Graphs11.1.2. Line Graph indicate the flow of amounts (quantities or monetary

Values)

11.1.3.The flows are plotted for a period of time with the X axis showing the

time horizon & Y axis indicating the amounts.



Vertical Bar Chart

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr

East

West

North

Organogram



OrganogramOrganogram is the chart which shows the relationships in an

organization.



11.2. Pie Diagrammes

These indicates the proportion in which the parts of a whole

are distributed.



11.3. FLOW CHARTS

Sale of Application Forms

Receiving the Application Forms Screening of

application forms

Written Test

Written Test Result

Group Discussion And Personal Interview

Compilation[Combination of

Written Test(WT)+

Group Discussion(GD)+

Personal Interview(PI)]

Accept Composite Score Reject

Allocation of Seat

You have to give source of every diagram & charts



12. Bibliography

The artical name should be in italics. Don’t write any search engine address. You have to mention book name first, for eg.

Logistics & Supply Chain Management Vijaykumar Bhatia

article in the newspaper , for e.g:Times of India, 28.08.2010 written by XYZ

magazine names for e.g.

Pandey, S. (2000), Status of Environment Education, University News, 38 (39) : 15 – 17 ( Year, Date, Publication)

• Ramesh (1999), Teaching Environment Law, University News, 37(28) : 8–13 website names, for e.g.:• www.ncsi,iisc.ernet.in• www.delnet.nic.in• www.eric.ed.gov

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch16437/http://www.ncsi,iisc.ernet.in/

http://www.delnet.nic.in/

http://www.eric.ed.gov/


http://www.delnet.nic.in/

http://var/www/apps/conversion/current/tmp/scratch16437/http://www.ncsi,iisc.ernet.in/



13. Tips on Research

• Ask the right question

• Address the right target group

• Ask questions in the right way

• Obtain answers to questions• Relate the answers to the end purpose of

research

• Communicate effectively

















14. Presentation for Viva Voce

14.1. Do’s :

i. Introduce yourself to the examiner and discuss aboutyour field of study & reasons for choosing particular

topicsii. Do make sure your clothes are descent formals andcomfortable preferably the dress code adopted in your institution

iii.Do make sure that you don’t have any body odour and

bad breathiv.Show the examiner that you are 100% serious

v. Speak with conviction about your topic

vi.Conclude well


















Presentation for Viva Voce

14.2. Don’ts :

i. Don’t get aggressive

ii.Don’t smile right through

iii.Don’t agree with the examiner

iv.Do not deviate from your topic

v.Don’t give model answers

vi.Don’t chew gums, smoke, use slang &profanity

I i b f ll d hil i h P j















Instructions to be followed while preparing the Project Content Font size should be “12 & 14”.

Type should be “Times New Roman”

Line spacing should be “1.5 lines” (Left & Right spacing 1 Inch)

Alignment should be “Justify”

Proper Format

Cover Page

Declaration & Certificate should be on One page.

Acknowledgement

Letter of company visited

Executive Summary

Contents or Index

Main Content

Survey Report should be part of Main Content

Conclusions

Bibliography

Annexure { Questionnaire Forms}

(which include article, forms, financial Balance Sheet Statement)



































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