selection and design of vapour liquid separator by manish v. shah [email protected] uk fellow...
DESCRIPTION
Manish V Shah has Seventeen years of Process Engineering experience in Upstream and Downstream Hydrocarbons, in leading concept, feasibility study, FEED, basic and detail engineering phases. Process design of upstream industry includes, offshore & onshore oil and gas facilities with gas compression, gas liquid water separation, oil stabilisation, produced water system, acid gas removal, gas Dehydration, salt and sand removal system, water and gas injection, chemical injection system and utility [email protected] http://hc-mvs.devhub.com/ UK Fellow Charter EngineerFinalists for Chemical Engineering 2012 Personal Achievement Award (July 2012)I have received nomination for John Grill award, Worley Parsons. I have received appreciation letter from Linde.I have received appreciation letter from IORS.TRANSCRIPT
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PRACTICAL SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE;
FOR GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR WITH OPTIMIZATION
By Manish V. Shah
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Before starting Separator Design,
we should be aware of..
2
1
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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3
4
Before starting Separator Design,
we should be aware of..
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
4
Gas Liquid Separator Selection Guide
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
5
Sulzer
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Separator type and orientation depends on
Gas volumetric rate; & Gas to liquid volumetric ratio
Slug volume
Operating pressure and allowable pressure drop
Turndown
Feed source
Separation efficiency required @ downstream unit
Liquid property, fouling, viscous, solids etc..
Space and head room available
Offshore / Onshore application
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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DEP : Vertical Vs Horizontal :
High gas rate : Vertical type * High liquid rate : Horizontal type
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Quiz 1 : - Compressor KO DRUM
8
Pressure
, KPag
Gas
rate,
kg/hr
Liquid
rate
kg/hr
Gas
Density
kg/m3
Liquid
Density
kg/m3
Case 1 9000 1,55,000 1000 100 1000
Case 2 4000 1,00,000 2500 66 1000
Case 3 6000 60,000 2700 66 700
Case 4 3000 40,000 3000 30 1000
1) Which internal can be used for above service ?
a) No internal
b) Mist mat
c) Vane pack
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Quiz 1 : - Compressor KO DRUM
9
Pressure
, KPag
Gas
rate,
kg/hr
Liquid
rate
kg/hr
Gas
Density
kg/m3
Liquid
Density
kg/m3
Case 1 9000 1,55,000 1000 100 1000
Case 2 4000 1,00,000 2500 66 1000
Case 3 6000 60,000 2700 66 700
Case 4 3000 40,000 3000 30 1000
40,000 / 1,55,000 = ~ 26%
1) Which internal can be used for above service ?
a) No internal
b) Mist mat
c) Vane pack
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Quiz 2 : - Production separator with heavy waxy oil and little solids.
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1) Which internal can be used for above service ?
a) No internal
b) Mist mat
c) Vane pack
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Sulzer Three principles used to achieve physical separation of gas and
liquids or solids are momentum (impact / centrifugal),
gravity settling, and coalescing
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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KOCH
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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KOCH
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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DEP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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DEP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
16 DEP
GPSA
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GPSA
DEP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Quiz 1 : - Compressor KO DRUM
18
Pressure
, KPag
Gas
rate,
kg/hr
Liquid
rate
kg/hr
Gas
Density
kg/m3
Liquid
Density
kg/m3
Case 1 9000 1,55,000 1000 100 1000
Case 2 4000 1,00,000 2500 66 1000
Case 3 6000 60,000 2700 66 700
Case 4 3000 40,000 3000 30 1000
40,000 / 1,55,000 = ~ 26%
1) Which internal can be used for above service ?
a) No internal X carries mist to compressor
b) Mist mat
c) Vane pack X 26 < 30 – 50 % turndown
Pressure > 50 bar
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Quiz 2 : - Production separator with heavy waxy oil and little solids.
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1) Which internal can be used for above service ?
a) No internal Best option
b) Mist mat X It can block easily.
c) Vane pack , only if to reduce vessel size with
moderate fouling
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Gas Liquid Separator Design Guide
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Two phase separator design is divided in following
sections.
Vessel Diameter
Vessel Height
Gas space height
Liquid space height
Nozzle sizing
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SEPARATOR DIAMETER CALCULATION
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V
VLT KU
22
Gas velocity < UT
Gas velocity < Particle terminal falling velocity
K = empirical constant for separator sizing, m/sec ρV = gas phase density, kg/m3
ρL = liquid phase density, droplet or particle, kg/m3
Simplified Sauder-Brown equation:
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SEPARATOR DIAMETER CALCULATION
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V
VLT KU
23
Gas velocity < UT
Gravity Settling
Stoke’s Law, Intermediate Law & Newton’s Law
Particle size and Reynolds Number
Simplified Sauder-Brown equation:
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Calculation
worksheet
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Notes
GPSA
11 & 12+
Instructions
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Collect following data from Heat & Mass balance.
Gas and liquid mass rate (kg/hr)
Gas and liquid mass density (kg/m3)
Operating pressure and temperature
Liquid viscosity and gas molecular weight
Tip : If liquid has two phases, then use density of light
phase. This will give safe design.
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Process Data Input
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DEP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Following cases to be checked for separator sizing
Highest Volumetric Gas rate
Highest Volumetric Liquid rate
Lowest pressure case for higher volume
Highest pressure case for difficult separation
Lowest liquid density case for difficult separation
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Selection of K value
Type of internal
Service
Downstream requirement for gas quality
Pressure correction
Orientation correction
Liquid loading correction
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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0.037 – 0.073 m/sec
0.055 – 0.107 m/sec
WP
GPSA
GPSA
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SELECTING K FOR HORIZONTAL VESSEL
33 GPSA
WP
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SELECTING K BASED ON TYPE, SERVICE AND
OPERATING PRESSURE
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SELECTING K BASED ON LIQUID LOADING
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GPSA
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SULZER K VALUES
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SULZER K VALUES
37
Sulzer K Values
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR
PRACTICAL SELECTION AND
DESIGN GUIDE
38
GPSA
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR
PRACTICAL SELECTION AND
DESIGN GUIDE
39
DEP
SIMILAR
TO K
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Enter K value based on type of internal, service, pressure liquid
loading and orientation.
Run all cases as mentioned earlier.
Arrive biggest separator Diameter for vapour & liquid loadings.
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Weight / Space / Cost Optimisation
For following cases
High gas rate
High design / operating pressure
Exotic / Expensive MOC
Low liquid with clean service
Space constraint (Offshore platform)
Use vane pack / cyclone Internal; to reduce size of the
separator; and thus weight & cost of the separator.
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SEPARATOR HEIGHT CALCULATION
42
Use Inlet
Device
Height
WP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
GAS Height Calculation depends on :
1) With / without Internals
2) Type of Internals (distance between
internal and feed pipe)
3) Type of feed device (distance between
HHL & feed pipe and distance between
internal & feed pipe)
4) Mist / Foaming service ??
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Liquid Height Calculation :
1) Check liquid discharge is on
Level Control OR
On Off Control between high & low level
(do not use spread-sheet defaults, one can
go badly wrong)
2) Find surge volume / time
3) Degassing service ??
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Liquid Height Calculation :
4) Check P & ID for
number of levels, alarms and trips
number of instruments installed
5) Find type of level measurement
Magnetic type, radar, differential
pressure …..
Different types of instruments has
different minimum distance requirements
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Liquid Height Calculation :
6) Most important liquid control & hold-up
volume is based on (A) service (Production
separator, KO drum, flash drum) and (B)
downstream equipment requirement, i.e.
Feed to pump
Feed to vessel / column
Feed to exchanger
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
Liquid Height Calculation :
7) Check P & I D for other nozzles; i.e. , size
& locations for PSV, manhole etc.. This can
effect vessel height.
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GPSA
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SURGE
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SURGE
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SURGE
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HOLDUP
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HOLDUP
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HOLDUP
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LIQUID LEVELS DEFINITION
NLL Normal Liquid Level
Liquid level maintained by controls during operation
HLL High Liquid Level
First liquid level above NLL to trigger an alarm
HHLL High High Liquid Level
Second liquid level above NLL to trigger a shutdown
LLL Low Liquid Level
First liquid level below NLL to trigger an alarm
LLLL Low Low Liquid Level
Second liquid level below NLL to trigger a shutdown
Hold-up time
(Residence Time)
Time to fill separator from empty to NLL at design
liquid feed rate.
Surge Time Time to fill separator from NLL to HLL at design
liquid feed rate.
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
56
GPSA
WP
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57 Calculate Total height, and check surge volume% & L/D
ratio, otherwise increase diameter or liquid (vessel) height.
WP
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NOZZLE SIZING
CRITERIA
58
DEP WP For New
Design
DEP For
debottlenecking
DEP
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GAS LIQUID SEPARATOR PRACTICAL
SELECTION AND DESIGN GUIDE
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Check sizing of all nozzles for different cases.
Nozzles sizing case is NOT same as Vessel governing case.
Gas and liquid outlet nozzle’s governing case are generally different.
Inlet Nozzle type is selected on following criteria
• Gas & Liquid loadings and ratio
• Separation quality required by inlet device
• To maintain reasonable ratio of vessel dia. to inlet pipe dia.
• Vessel Height can be reduced by providing proprietary device