312 THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [March 6, I875.

blades were growing out. For two months after this, the deformity wasallowed to go on increasing before advice was sought. The patient wasexhibited by Mlr. Owven at a meeting of the lIarvelan Society, wNhen thzebilateral deformity was very perceptible. lhe right scapula was, how-ever, more prominenit thani the left, and the fingers could be puslhed upbeneath the inferior anigle nearly half way to thc glenoid cavity. Theboy was certainly able to raise hiis hands high above his head, the de-formity inicreasinig the while. This action was, no doubt, accomplishedby the action of those higher scapular muscles enumerated above, withthe addition of the supraspinatus and deltoid. A largre flabby bundleof the serratus magnus could be picked up between the fingers andthumb, ascending from the lower true ribs ; the ribs had dropped con-siderably; and a tap from the finger set up a peculiar quiver in themuscle. Faradisation had the same effect upon this patient as upon theother, at once bracing up the scapulk into their proper position; but,as the boy lived at Peckham, his attendance wvas less regular, and hisimprovement less rapid than in the other case; nevertheless, he made asteady progress to recovery.

MIANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY.TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF LEFT COMMON FENIORAL ARTERY:

LIGATURE OF TIIE TORN ENDS: RECOVERY.(Under the care of Mr. BOWRING.)

[Communicated by MIr. JONES, Pathological Registrar.]J. R., AGED 30, collier, was admiiitted into the Infirmary June 15th,1874, and gave the following history. Five weeks before admission,he was at work in a coal-pit, assisting to push trucks up an incline.He was violently exerting himself, with legs extended and feet fixed,when he heard a snap in the left groin. This was followed by painand a small pulsatile swelling. He, however, continued at his workfor some days. At the end of a fortnight, he consulted a surgeon, whotried in vain to control the swelling. The tumour did not increase veryrapidly, and at the end of a month it was only the size of two closedfists; but, as he was being removed to the Infirmary from his home,which was at some distance, the limb became enormously distended.On admission, a large semifluctuating elastic swelling was found in

the upper part of the left thigh, reaching upwards beyond Poupart'sligament, and downwards nearly to the knee. There vas no pulsationor bruit in the tumour, and no pulsation in the arteries of the leg; thelatter was much swollen and cedematous.

June I6th. At a consultation this afternoon, a diagnosis of rupturedartery was agreed upon, and it was determined to cut into the tumourand secure the divided ends of the artery. After the administration ofchloroform, and the application of Lister's aortic tourniquet, an incisionin the course of the femoral artery was made. Large clots were clearedout, and the ends of the torn artery were discovered at least an inchapart; these were secured by catgut ligatures. The vein was intact.The edges of the wound were brought together by metallic sutures, andthe wound dressed with dry lint and limb wrapped up in a flannelbandage.

June 17th. lIe slept from the time of the operation last evening(7 P.M.) till I A. I. this morning; was restless till 3 A. M.-; then hadfifteen minims of Battley's solution, and slept three hours. He tookplenty of milk, and an occasional egg, together with ten ounces ofbrandy in the twenty-four hours. Temperature IOO; pulse 98, quiet.

June 18th. He had a good night after the administration of anopiate. There was very little pain. Pulse 130, bounding; tempera-ture 100.4; skin hot and moist. The wound was dressed; there wasa little sanious discharge.

June 20th. Pulse 128; temperature ioo. i. lie passed a restlessnight, and complained of shooting pains down the thigh and leg.Most of the sutures were removed. He had fish for dinner. Thetongue was clean and moist. The wound was syringed out with Condy'sfluid several times during the day, and dressed with warm spirit.

It is hardly necessary to continue the daily report ; suffice it to say,that the patient made an uninterrupted recovery, and tlat, when dis-charged, at his own request, on July 30th, the wound had almost en-tirely cicatrised over. The patient presented himself at the Infirmaryabout the middle of December. The limb was perfectlv strong, andhe was able to walk a long distance without any inconvenience.

MR. WILLIAM HEWITT has been presented with a life-size portraitof himself, painted in oil, in appreciation of his valuable services andgeneral kindness to the members during a period of fifteen years, assurgeon to the Court Pride of North Walsham, No. 3308, of theAncient Order of Foresters, North Walsham.

SELECTIONS FROM JOURNALS.ANATOMY.

COMUPARATIVE LE,iNT(;hFII OF TIIlE SPINAL CORD.--C. Fehst (Inau-gural Dissertation, 1874) found that, in bodies of twelve adult men,the average lengtlh of the spinal cord w%vas 45 centimetres (nearly i8inches, or I.476 feet) ; that of the vertebral column, 73 centimetres(28.7 inches); the average length of the body being i68.6 centimetres(a little above 5 feet 6 inches). In twvelve women, the measurementswere respectively 43.8 centimCetres (1714 inches or 1.43 feet), 68.2centiinetres (25 14 inches), and I57 centimetres (5 feet I45 inches). Thus,in men, the length of the spinal cord was, to that of the vertebralcolumn, as I: I. 62, and to that of the whole body as I : 3. 76 ; while inwomen the ratios were I 5.6 and I :3.58. Except in one case, thespinal cord terminated in the men either at the middle or at the lowerborder of the first lumbar vertebra ; in the women, it reached in threecases to the lower end of the first, and in three to the lower end of thesecond lumbar vertebra, and in the remaining six cases to the middleof the second. Hence the first lumbar vertebra in men, and the secondin women, may be assumed as the lower limit of the cord. The conusmedullaris (lumbar enlargement) extended further down in women thanin men. In children, the sexual difference in the length of the spinalcord and in its relation to the vertebral canal is almost entirely absent.In the bodies of male children between one and three months old, theratios of the lengtli of the spinal cord to the vertebral canal and to thelength of the body were I : I.59 and I : 3.26; in female children,I : I.58 and I : 3.20. In both sexes, the conus medullaris ended atthe lower border of the second lumbar vertebra. Additional measure-ments on the bodies of older children lead to the conclusion that therelations between the length of the spinal cord and of the vertebralcanal correspond to those of adult females, and that in males there is agrowth of the vertebral canal in greater proportion than of the spinalcord.-Centralblatlfiir Chirurgie, No. i8, I874.

SURGERY.TREATMENT OF THE WOUND AFTER EXTIRPATION OF TuaiouRs

OF THE BREAST: METALLIC SUTURES.-Dr. Vibert of Puy describesin the Lyon AIJdicaZ, No. 26, the following process, wvhiclh he has emi-ployed w%ith advantage during the last eight years. W,hen the tumourhas been removed, and all the arteries taken up with the help of thickserre-finzes, a series of fine silver wires are passed at a distance of aboutfour-fifths of an inch, or less, from each other, by a slightly curved pack-ing-needle, about six inches long, and as thick as a large knitting-needle.The needle is inserted about four-fifths of an inch from one of the lipsof the wound, perpendicularly to the skin, and deeply, so as to take upa good thickness of the tissues. It is then carried under the floor ofthe wound, and brought out under the skin on the other side at thesame distance from the edge. The ends of each thread are thendrawn together and tied in a knot, care being taken to produce an exactapproximation of both the deep and the superficial parts. The ser-re-fines are removed as the suture of the wound proceeds. When all thethreads are drawn tight, the junction of the edges of the wvound whereit might gape a little, is completed by means of pins, and the whole iscovered with a pledget of lint spread wvith ointment. Dr. Vibert has ob-tained, in about thirty cases to wvhich he has applied this plan, firstly,immediate union completed from the eighth to the tenth day, when theconditions of approximation are favourable; secondly, a partially imme-diate union, entirely completed from the fifteenth to the twentieth day,in instances where part of the wound has not escaped suppuration ;thirdly, a more tardy, but relatively shortened union, in cases wherethe gaping of the edges of the wound has only allow,ed them to bepartly approximated.

RADICAL CU,RE OF HYDROCELE BY ELECTRO-PUNCTURE.-Ehrhard(Betz's Aenzorabilien, Heft 8, I874) has employed electro-puncturew%ith permanent good effect in four cases of hydrocele. He uses theinterrulpted currenit from a small Gaiffe's apparatus. In three of thecases, the hydrocele was only of short duration, and absorption tookplace in from three to four days, without any reaction. The hydro-celes had not been previously tapped., In the fourth case, the patientwas a man aged 52, who had had hydrocele eight years, and had beentapped many times. Under the use of electro-puncture, absorption ofthe fluid took place in three weeks. Four months afterwards, therewas no indication of a return of the malady.

MatchI6, II7 .1

ASSOCIATION INTELLIGENCE.COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL: THE JOURNAL AND MIR.

CIIRISTOPHER HEATHI.

THE ComMittee of Council of The Britislh Medical Association have

had their attention directed by Mr. Christopher Heath to certain arti-cles which have appeared from time to time in the pages of theirJOURNAL; and, in particular, to certain expressions made use of in an

article containied in the issue of July IIth, 1874, having reference tothe election at the Royal College of Surgeons.The expressions used, and the statements made in the articles referred

to, are, in the opinion of the Committee, beyond the fair limits ofcontroversy, and might be understood to reflect upon the honour, in-tegrity, and candour of Mr. IHeath.The Committee, under the circumstances, feel that it is due to MIr.

Heath that the remarks which have given him any pain and annoyanice

should be withdrawn; while, at the same time, they express theirsincere regret that they should have ever appeared.

YORKSHIRE BRANCII.THE spring meeting of this Branch will be held at the Infirmary, Hud-dersfield, on Wednesday, AMarch ioth, at 2.30 P.M.The members will dine together at the George Hotel at 5 P.-M.

Tickets, 6s. 6d. each.Mlembers intending to bring forward any communication, or to join

the dinner, are requested to communicate wvith the Secretary.W. PROCTER, AI.D., Local Secreta;:y.

24, Petergate, York, February igth, I875.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: EAST SURREY DISTRICT.THE next meetinig will be held at the Crystal Palace Hotel, UpperNorwood, on Thursday, Mlarch IIth, at 4 P.M; E. R. Ray, Esq., ofDulwich, in the Chair.The following communications have been promised.I. Dr. Galabin: On the Causation of Puerperal Convulsions.2. Dr. Dalton: On a Case of Recovery from Tubercular Peritonitis,

with Cerebral Symptoms.3. Dr. Miller: On a Case of Cardiac Rheumatism.Dinner will be served at 6 P. Ai. ; charge, 6s., exclusive of wine.

JOHN H. GALTON, M.D., Hoit. Secreta;y.Woodside, Anerley Road, Upper Norwood, S.E., Feb. 23rd, 1875.

BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND COUNTIES BRANCH.THE next meeting will be held in the Council Room of the MidlandInstitute, on Thursday, Mlarch IIth, I875. The Chair will be takenat three o'clock P. WI. precisely.The following papers are promised:-Dr. Mackey: Remarks on the

Treatment of Skin-Diseases at General and Special Hospitals. Mr. F.E. Manby: On Rheumatic Hyperpyrexia.Members are invited to exhibit pathological specimens at the com-

mencement of the meeting.BALTHAZAR FOSTER, M.D., onorarySJAMES SAWYER, MI.D., ecreales.

Birmingham, March I875.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: EAST KENT DISTRICTMEETINGS.

THE next meeting will be held at the Harp Hotel, Dover, on Thurs-day, March I8th, 1875, at 3 o'clock; FRANCIS E. BARTON, Esq., inthe Chair. Dinner at 5 o'clock precisely. Charge, 5s., exclusive ofwine.The Chairman kindly invites members and their friends to luncheon

at his residence, 6, Cambridge Terrace, at half-past one.Gentlemen who wish to make communications to the meeting are re-

quested to inform me at once, in order that a niotice thereof may beincluded in the circular convening the meeting. I

EDWARD WHITFELD THURSTON, Honorarv Secr-etary.Ashford, March 2nd, I875.

WEST SONIERSET BRANCH.THE spring nmeeting of this Branch will be held at the Royal ClarenceHotel, Bridgwater, on Tlhursday, AIarch Is8th, at 5.I5 Psi. The fol-lowing questioni lhas been settled by the Council as the onie on whicheach member should be asked to express his olinion at the said meet-ing "What in your opinion is the best mo(le of treating habitualdrunkards ?"

Communication Promoiised.-Dr. Alford: On the Causation of TyphoidFever. W. M. KELLY, M.D., 1onorary Secret(ry.

NORTH WALES BRANCH: INTERMEDIATE MEETING.THE North Wales Branch held its intermediate meeting at the CastleHotel, Conway, on Tuesday, February i6th, T. EVANS JONES, Esq.,President, in the chair.

Letters of Apology for non-attendance were received from severalmembers.

Olicers of the Branch. On the motion of Mr. T. DAVIES, ColwynBay, seconded by Mr. R. DAVIE}S, Llanfairtalhaiarn, it was resolvedthat D. Kent Jones, Esq., be requested to act as President for the eni-suing year. Dr. Lloyd Roberts, Denbigh, was elected Treasurer, inthe room of Dr. Turner Jones, resigned. Mr. T. Eyton Jones waselected Secretary.

T7ze l7ate 7. Conway Davies, JLD.-Attention having been drawn tothe death of Dr. Conway Davies, Ilolywell, who was President of theBranch in I866-67, a warm vote of condolence with his widow in herbereavement was passed.

NVew AZemibers.-The following gentlemen were elected members.Dr. Edward James Lloyd, Denbigh; Drs. Heaton and Davies, Wrcx-ham; and Dr. Evans Hughes, jun., Llanrwst.

Papers.-The followving papers were read. I. Broken Bougie in-crusted with Lithic Acid Deposit. By E. James Lloyd, M.B. (Den-bigh). 2. New Steel Catheters. By E. J. Lloyd, M.B. 3. FibrousPolypus of Uterus. By T. E. Jones, Esq., Llanrwst. 4. Craniotomy.By WV. M. Williams, Esq., Llansantffraid. 5. Inversion of Uterus.By R. Davies, Esq., Llanfairtalhaiarn. 6. Mortification of Fingers.By R. Hughes, M.D., Conway. 7. Foetal Bones found in Uterus.By A. B. Steele, L.K.Q.C.P., Liverpool (read by the Secretary). 8.Gangrene. By R. Arthur Prichard, Esq., Conway. 9. Case ofOpisthotonos, and Use of Ivory Dust as Nervine Tonic. By T. EytonJones, Esq., Wrexham. IO. Case of Paraplegia. By R. Huglhes,M.D., Conway. II. Case of Spina Bifida. By R. Davies, Esq.,Llanfairtalhaiarn. 12. Case of Difficult Turning. By R. E. Owen,Esq., Beaumaris.Diinner.-In the afternoon, the members dined together. The chair

was taken by the President, and thie vice-chair by the HonorarySecretary, Mr. Eyton Jones. A few friends, among them the Rev.R. Ellis (Gyffin), Mr. W. L. Banks (Bodlondeb), Mlr. Warren (Lian-dudno Junction), and others, joined the professional gentlemen at therepast.

SOUTHERN BRANCII: EAST DORSET DISTRICT.THE first general meeting of this district was held, by the kind invita-tion of H. D. ELLIS, J.P., President, at his residence, Beech-hurst,Poole, on Thursday, February I8th. There were present H. D.ELLIs, Esq., J.P., President, in the Chair, and fifteen members of theAssociation and one visitor.

Nezw M.embers. -J. E. Brine, Esq., Rowlands, Wimborne; W\. Turner,Esq., and IHatton Smyth, Esq., M.B., Poole; James C. Leach, Esq.,Sturminster-Newvton; Woodruffe Daniel, Esq., Wareham; and G.WV. Graham, Esq., Wimborne, -were elected members of the Associa-tion, Branch, and District, James Tarzewell, Esq., of Sturminster-Newton, a member of the Branch and District; and P. W. G. Nunn,Esq., of Bournemouth, a member of the District.

Letters of Apology for non-attendance were read from Inspector-General Smart, C.B., President of the Branch, Dr. Ward Cousins,Honorary Secretary of the Branch, and others.

hntroductoryAddiress.-An admirable introductoryaddress was then de-liveredbythePresident, "On theAdvantagesofthe British MedicalAsso-ciation". After enumerating the more prominent of these, specially men-tioning the part taken by the Association in obtaining the new warrant forthe naval medical service, he went on to speak of the especial socialbenefits derived from the assembling of medical men at these districtmeetings in giving them opportunities of becoming better acquaintedwith each other, and promoting a spirit of fairness in their dealingswith, and friendship between, professional rivals.A short statement of the accounts for the past year was read by the

Honorary Secretary.

THE BRITISH MEDICAL _70URNAL. 321Ma,rch 6, I875.]

322 THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [March 6, 1875.

Proposed Union wit/i Bournemnouth and West Dorset.-It was statedthat the medical men of Bournemouth had formed a local society oftheir owni, and that very few of them would join the Association andBranclh; so that any union with them would be impossible, at any ratefor the present. There was a general feeling of regret that the mem-bers of the profession at Bournemouth should hold themselves aloof;arid a hope was expressed that they wrould soon be induced to formthemselves into a district of the Southern Branch. There was a betterhope of union with \Vest Dorset; and the Hlonorary Secretary was in-structed to write to Dr. Lush, Honorary Secretary of the West DorsetDistrict, on the subject.-Other matters entered for discussion couldnot be settled until the question of union with West Dorset beanswered.A Vote of Thanzks was proposed, and carried unanimously, to the

President and the Ilonorary Secretary, and the meeting then termi-nate(l.Dinner.-The members subsequently dined together at the London

Hotel; H. D. Ellis, Esq., in the chair, supported by Dr. L. 0. Foxof Broughton and J. E. Brine, Esq.

SOUTHI OF IRELANI) BRANCH: ORDINARY MIEETING.AN ordinary mceting of this Branch was held in the Theatre of theRoyal Cork Inistitutioni on Wedniesday, January 6th, 1875: Dr. Tiios.GREGG,, President, in the Chair. There were presenlt several miiembersof the B3ranclh, and a large niumber of students.

R'emnoval of AVecrosed Bones.-Dr. H. MI. JONES detailed the parti-culars of a case of removal of half the ulna, which wvas taken away (Dr.Gregg assisting) in consequence of extensive phlegmonoid erysipelas ofthe arm, and diffuse suppuration, resulting in necrosis. The. want ofearly incisions had nearly resulted in the loss of the arm, which wouldhave been most serious to an engine-driver, it being the right one; theman had now, however, returned to work, and the limb was nearlyrestored. The subsequent treatment consisted in the free use of per-manganate of potash dressings, and support to the limb.

Remzoval of Craniial Bonzes.-Dr. HAYES of Tralee exhibited a pa-tient from whom the parietal and frontal bones had been removed, inconsequence of a severe burn received while in a drunken state lastMay. The particulars of the case have been already before the Branch(see BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, January 2nd, p. 28). The PRESI-DENT said, that the thanks and congratulations of the members weredue to Dr. Hayes for his kindness in bringing forward the case, andthe trouble he took in coming so great a distance to exhibit it.

Enttucleaitiont of the Eye.-Dr. JONES exhibited two eyes recentlyenucleated. In one, the operation was done for considerable staphy-loma. The other was a case in which an eye, having been lost fromchoroid-iritis, was producing symptoms of sympathetic ophthalmia inthe fellow eye. They presented the appearance usually seen in suchcases.

Retr-over-sion of Gravid Uterus.-Dr. P. J. CRE-MEN read the notes ofa case of retroversion of the gravid uterus. The woman, aged 30, wasattended in the out-patient department of the Cork Maternity. Dr.Cremen was urgently summoned to deliver her. She had been therein labour over twelve hours; the nurse in attendance was puzzled as tothe nature of the case, and the patient had not passed urine for nearlytwenty-four hours previously. Surprised at not finding the os, and atthe nature of the tumour (a large non-fluctuating mass, filling the entirecavity of the pelvis, not permitting the fingers to pass posteriorly be-tween the tumour and rectum, and barely between it and the sym-physis pubis in front), Dr. Cremen introduced a long gum elasticcatheter, and drew off over half a gallon of urine. On the consequent re-duction of the tumour, Dr. Cremen, on examining with the stetho-scope, could find neither the fcetal pulsations nor placental br-uit.However, passing the flat hand, with considerable difficulty, above thetumour, he reached a large cavity or cul-de-sac, in which, discoveringthe limbs of a fcetus, he seized them, and, after much labour and delay,succeeded in delivering the woman of a fcetus about four months and ahalf old. The fcetus evidently lay in this cul-de-sac after expulsionfrom the uterus, the mouth of which, on subsequent examination, hefound turnied completely upwards, and from which protrueded the funisof the retained placenta. The subsequent steps of the delivery werecompleted. Dr. Cremen then, with comparative ease, replaced theretroverted uterus, and she recovered without a bad symptom. Sheremained in bed for a fortnight after labouir, andI the subsequent treat-ment consisted in cold vaginal douches, the a(lminiistration of strych-nine and iron internally, and the application of a Ilodge's pessary.She menstruated regularly at the end of the second month from thelabour, until the fifth, when she again became pregnant. In the thirdmonth of her pregnancy, the pessary slipped out, and, as she described

it, "the lump came down". On examination, Dr. Cremen againfound the uterus retroverted, and readily replaced it by putting her inthe knee-andl-shoulder position, and introducing a Greenhalgh's springpessary, which she wore for the ensuing two monitlhs. lie withdrewit, and she went to the full time, and was confined naturally of ahealthy child. She is at present again pregnant, the uterus now retain-ing its normal position.

Unilazteral Convulsions in Ty'phus.-Dr. CREMEN read the notes ofa case of unilateral convulsiolns in a womarn, aged 30, who was ad-mitted in typlhus fever to the Cork Union Hospital in the fourth monthof pregnancy, on December 31st, I874. The fever was com-nplicatedwith pneumonia. On the fifteenth day, she wvas seized with clonicconvulsions confined to the left side; and these continued until theevening of the following day, the head being arched completely back(the fever at the time subsiding, and the maculk disappeariilg). OnJan. 6th, she had four severe attacks of convulsions; and, on the night ofthe same day, had a sharp attack of hemorrhage, which resultecl in ex-treme prostration. On the 7th, she had two attacks of convulsions,from which datc they ceased. She aborted on January iotl. Therewere intervals of complete consciousness between the attacks, and acomplaint of a feelinig of intense cold, great headache, anid wvell-markedtenderness in the region of the cervical and upper (lorsal vertebr e.The temperature and pulse were not much affected durling tlle periodsof the attaclks, being nearly always 96 anid 9S respectively. Therewas nio allumeni in the urine. The treatment, in the addition to thelocal measures necessary for the pulmonoary andi uterille complications,consisted in free support, stimulants, enemata dluring the convulsions,leeclhes, succeeded by warm poultices along the tender spine, andbromide of potassium and ammonium internally.

REPORTS OF SOCIETIES.CLINICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 26TIh, I875.GEORGE WV. CALLENDER, F.R.C.S., F.R.S., Vice-President,

in the Chair.

Antisej/ic 7ai5anese Paper as a Dressing-for [Vounnds ane' Ulcers.-Mr. CALLENDER said that his friend Dr. Wallace of Colchester hadforwarded to him some samples of Japanese paper, with a request thathe would see if any use could be made of the material as a dressing forwounds. Only one of the samples appeared to him to be suitable forthis purpose; but the qualities of this specimen of paper made it veryserviceable as a substitute for lint, whilst it had the advantage over lintof being very much less expensive. He had tried it as a dressing forvarious wounds and ulcers, and in a case of deep-seated inflammation ofthe hand, -with very good results. It had been used in all instancesas prepared by Mr. Jepps, superintendent of the apothecaries' depart-ment at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, with antiseptic solutions in oneof the two following ways. i. Solution of salicylic acid and mastich.Take of salicylic acid forty grains; mastich sixteen grains ; rectifiedspirit one fluidounce ; dissolve the mastich in the spirit, add theacid, and shake till dissolved. 2. Solution of carbolic acid and mucilageof acacia. Take of carbolic acid one ounce; mucilage of acacia oneounce ; water twenty ounces ; dissolve the acid in the water, addthe mucilage and mix. The strength of this solution might be varied,but it was desirable to prepare it for keeping of a greater strengththan would be required for immediate use; first, to allow for theloss of carbolic acid from evaporation, and [secondly, to permit thedipping of the prepared paper in wirater before it was applied as adressing ; a process which necessitated some further dilution of theacid. The mastich and the mucilage -were added to increase thesoftness of the paper. Two sheets of the paper were placed together,a single sheet being rather too fragile, anId -were saturated with oneof the above-mentioned solutions. They -were then rapidly dried, andstored with others in tin boxes. When used, they might be applied dryto the surface of the skin or of a wound ; or they miiglht be moistenedwith water or with any kind of lotion after such application; orthey might first be dipped in wvater or lotion, and then placed over thediseased or injured parts, just as lint was ordinarily used. The paperanswered best uwhen covered with oiled silk, so as to act as a warm waterdressing. It appeared to be agreeablc as an application. It was veryreadily adapted to irregular surfaces ; and -wounds and ulcers hadhealed rapidly under its protectioni. It wvas also available for carryingunguents and similar remedies, and seemed to be well adapted for use invarious skin affections.

332 THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [March 6, 1875.

R. T. C. SCOTT, L.R.C.S.Ed., MELBY.MR. SCOTT, who died lately, was born on January Ist, I812. Hestudied at Marischal College, Aberdeen; and having then attended themedical curriculum in the University of Edinburgh, obtained the licenseof the Edinburgh College of Surgeons, at the early age of nineteen.He entered the navy as assistant-surgeon in i833, and retired from theservice as Deputy Inspector-General of Hospitals and Fleets in 1870.Amongst the honours conferred upon him were Sir G. Blane's goldmedal for a medical history of the Burmese War in 1852, while servingin H.M.S. Hastings; the silver medal of the H.E.I.C. for the samewar, the Baltic medal, the medal of the Royal Polytechnic Society of'Cornwall, for Natural History; and his medical and surgical notes inthe Royal Dockyard are printed in the Parliamentary Blue Book, I869.His public complaint in the medical journals, of having been ordered touse the stomach-pump as a punishment, led to an Admiralty Order forthe immediate abolition of the practice, though, at the time, his friendsexpected that he would be tried by a court-martial, and dismissed theservice, for what they considered an act of madness. On his retiringfrom the medical superintendence of the Sheerness Dockyard, a splendidtestimonial was presented to him by the workmen ; and on his arrivalin Shetland, a public dinner in honour of him was given at Walls.In I850, he succeeded to the Melby estates. For many years afterhis succession the rental was expended in building improved dwellingsand in making other improvements. The funeral took place in thechurchyard of Sandness, on January i2th, and, notwithstanding theinclemency of the weather, was attended by about two hundredof his tenantry and friends from various parts of Shetland, withwhom Mr. Scott's name was a familiar and loved household word,and bv whom his memory will be cherished as that of a just, generous,broad-minded man.

MEDICAL NEWS.APOTHECARIES' HALL. -The following gentlemen passed their

examinations in the science and practice of medicine, and received cer-tificates to practise, on Thursday, February 25th, 1875.

Evans, Frederick William, Crockherbtown, CardiffKyngdon, Frederick Henry, Croydon, SurreyMiller, Frederic Daniell, Streatham, Surrey

The following gentlemen also on the same day passed their primaryprofessional examination.

Bass, Charles William, University CollegeRichards, Thomas, Guy's HospitalWilson, George, Charing Cross Hospital

KING AND QUEEN'S COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS IN IRELAND.-Atthe monthly examination, held on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thurs-day, February gth, ioth, anid I Ith, I875, the License to Practise MIedi-cine was granted to-

Barnes, Raglan Wykeham Hoops, Samuel EvansBoyd, Thomas Jones, Richard SortonBrowning, John Norris Jones, Wilmot JohnCallanan, Michael Sigerson, GeorgeCurtin, Patrick

The License to Practise Midwifery was obtained by-Barnes, Raglan Wykeham Hoops, Samuel EvansBrowning, John Norris Jones, Richard SortonCallanan, MAichael Jones, Wilmot JohnCurtin, Patrick Pollen, Henry

MEDICAL VACANCIES.THE following vacancies are announced:-

BECKETT HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY, Barnsley - House-Surgeon.Salary, £40oper annum, with furnished rooms, gas, and coals.

BRADFORD INFIRMARY AND DISPENSARY-Physician. Applicationsto be sent on or before June 12th.

BRISTOL LUNATIC ASYLUM-Assistant Medical Superintendent.CLINICAL HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY FOR CHILDREN, Manches-

ter-House-Surgeon. Salary, £6o per anntim, with board and residence. Ap-plications to be made on or before March 6th.

COVENTRY AND WARWICKSHIRE HOSPITAL-House-Surgeon and Dis-penser. Salary, Zioo per annum, with board, lodging, and attendance. Appli-cations to be made on or before March 25th.

DEVON AND EXETER HOSPITAL-House-Surgeon. Salary, £i50 per an-num, with board.

DORSET COUNTY HOSPITAL-House-Surgeon. Salary, £70 per annumn, withZio additional as Secretary. Applications to be made on or before March 18th.

DOVER UNION-Medical Officer for the St. Mary's District and the Work-house. Salary, Zi8o per annum.

DURHAM COUNTY ASYLUM-Assistant Medical Officer.HAILSHAM UNION-Medical Officer and Public Vaccinator for the Parish of

Heathfield. Salary, £44 per annum, and fees. Applications to be made on orbefore March 8th.

KILBURN DISPENSARY-Senior Resident Medical Officer. Salary, £I20 perannum, with apartrments, coals, gas, and attendance. Applications to be madeon or before March 8th.-Assistant Resident Medical Officer. Salary, £80per annum, with apartments.

KINGSTON, Jamaica -Two Medical Officers for the Public Hospital.LEOMINSTER UNION--Medical Officer fur No. 2 District. Salary, ;690 per

annum, and vaccination fees. Applications to be sent in on or before the iithinstant.

LONDON FEVER HOSPITAL-Resident Medical Officer. Salary, £20o perannum, with residence, coals, gas, and attendance. Applications to be madeon or before March 6th.

MANSFIELD UNION- Medical Officer for the First District, and the Work-house. Salary, .£5o and £40 per annum, respectively.

MILFORD UNION, co. Donegal-Medical Officer for the Ramelton DispensaryDistrict. Salary, iroo per annum, and fees.

NEWMARKET UNION-Medical Officer and Public Vaccinator for the ThirdDistrict. Salary, £45 per annum, and fees. Applications to be made on or beforeMarch 8th.

QUEEN'S HOSPITAL, Birmingham-House-Surgeon. Salary, £50 per aninum,with board, lodging, and washing. Applications to be sent in on before MIarchsith.

ROYAL EDINBURGH ASYLUMI-Assistant-Physician.ROYAL INFIRMARY FOR WOMEN and CHILDREN, Waterloo Bridge

Road-Physician.SHEFFIELD PUBLIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY--Assistant House-

Surgeon. Salary. £65 per annum, with board. lodgine, and washing.SOUTHPORT INFIRMARY AND LOCAL DISPENSARY-Resident House-

Surgeon. Salary, Tsoo per annum, with board, furnished apartments, coals,gas, and attendance. Applications to be made on or before the 8th instant.

ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL FOR LUNATICS-Second ClinicalAssistant. Boardand furnished apartments.

ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL-Assistant Obstetric Physician.SOUTH ESSEX DISPENSARY-Surgeon.TORBAY INFIRMARY-House-Surgeon. Salary, £ioo per annum, with board

and lodging.UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, London-Curator of the Museums of Anatomy and

Comparative Anatomy. Salary, £2oo per annum. Applications to be s-nt inon or before March 6th.

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.Names marked wit/I an asterisk are those ofMenzbers ofthe Association.

ALEXANDER, John, Al. B., appointed House-Sturgeon to the Paisley Infirmary, vicW. Adams, M.B., resigned.

*ELDER. George, M.B., appointed Surgeon to the Police, Nottingham, vice H. Tay-lor, M.R.C.S., J.P., resigned.

FOOT, Robert H., M.D., apppointed Assistant Medical Superintendent to the Fifeand Kinross District Lunatic Asylum, vice G. H. Mackenzie. 14. B., resigned.

HALLOWEs, Adolphus H. B., M. R.C. S. Eng., appointed Surgeon to the West KentGeneral Hospital, Maidstone, vice W. Hoar, M.R.C.S.Eng., resigned.

JOHNSON, John, M.D., appointed Physician to the Tunbridge Wells Infirmary.KARKEEK, Paul Q., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Accoucheur to the Torquay Lying-

in Charity, vice W. B. Hartland, Esq., deceased.KENNEDY, Henry, M. B., appointed Physician to Simpson's Hospital, Dublin, viceR. Law, M.D., resigned.

LAWRENCE, Alfred E. A., MI.D., appointed Physician-Accoucheur to the BristolGeneral Hospital, vice J. G. Swayne, M.D., resigned.

LYON, James G., M.D., appointed Dispensary Surgeon to the Western Infirmary,Glasgow.

*SWvAYNE, Joseph G., M.D., appointed Consulting Physician-Accoucheur to the Bris-tol General Hospital.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.The charge for inserting announcenients of Birthis, flIarriages, and Deaths,

is is. 6d., which should be forwarded in stanfis wi/hz the communication.BIRTH.

SOLOMAN.-On February 24th, the wife of Charles Soloman, L. R. C. P. & S. Edin.,Kirklaugh, of a son.

MARRIAGE.DUNCANSON-BAIRD.-At Edinburgh, on Februarv 24th, bv the Rev. Mr. MIac-

knight, F. C. Whitburn, uncle of the bride, J. J. Kirk Duncanson, M.D., toIsabella, eldest surviving daughter of the late Robert Baird, Esq., of Limerigg.No cards.

BEQUESTS.-The late Mr. Alfred Wigan, in addition to other charit-able bequests, left to the Home for Incurables, West Hill, PutneyHeath; St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington; and the British OrphanAsylum, Slough, £500 each. All the legacies are given duty free.Mr. William Willicombe of Tunbridge Wells has left £ioo for the useof the Infirmary of that town.-Dame Sarah Haberfield (widow of SirJohn Kerle Haberfield, who was six times Mayor of Bristol) has be-queathed to the Bristol Royal Infirmary £5,°oo, to be invested in con-sols, and the annual income applied for the maintenance and support ofone of the existing wards, to be called Lady Haberfield ward ; to theBristol General Hospital, £x,o00, to be invested in consols, and theannual income applied as a yearly prize, to be known as Lady Haber-field's prize, for the pupil at the hospital who shall exhibit the greatestproficiency; the Blind Asylum, and the Deaf and Dumb Institution,Bristol, and the Hospital for Sick Children, Clifton, j, ioo each; tothe Clifton Dispensary, £5°. There are numerous other legacies of acharitable nature, all of which are directed to be paid free of duty.

March 6, I875.] THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL. 333

OPERATION DAYS AT THE HOSPITALS.

MONDAY ...... Metropolitan Free, 2 P.M.-St. Mark's, 9 A.m. and 2 P.M.-RoyalLondon Ophthalmic, II AM.--Royal Westminster Ophthalmic,x;30 P.M.

TUESDAY......Guy's, 1.30 P.M.-Westminster, 2 P.m.-Royal London Oph-thalmic, II A.M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P.M.-West London, 3 P.M.-National Orthopadic, 2 P.M.

WEDNESDAY .-St. Bartholomew's, 1.30 P.M,-St. Mary's, 1.30 P.M.-Middlesex,I P.M.-University College, 2 P. m.-St. Thomas's, T.30 P.M.-Lon-don, 2 P.M.-Royal London Ophthalmic, TI A.M.-Great Northern,2 P.M.-Samaritan Free Hospital for Women and Children, 2.30P.M.-Cancer Hospital, Brompton, 3 P.A.--King's College, 2 P.M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P. M.

THURSDAY....St. George's, x P.M.-Central London Ophthalmic, I P.M.-RoyalOrthop2edic, 2 P.M.-Royal London Ophthalmic, Xx A.M.-Hos-pital for Diseases of the Throat, 2 P. M.-Royal Westminster Oph-thalmic, 1. 30 P. M.-Hospital for Women, 2 P. M.

FRIDAY.........Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P.M. -Royal LondonOphthalmic, IX A.M.-Central London Ophthalmic, 2 P.M.-RoyalSouth London Ophthalmic, 2 P.M.

SATURDAY .... St. Bartholomew's, I. 30 P. M.-King's College, I. 30 P. m.-CharingCross, 2 P. M.-Royal London Ophthalmic, I I A. M.-East LondonHospital for Children, 2 P.M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic,1.30 P.hI.-St. Thomas's,9.30 A.M.-Royal Free, 9A.m. and 2 P.M.

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES DURING THENEXT WEEK.

MONDAY.-Medical Society of London. Anniversary Meeting (ro2nd).TUESDAY.-Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society, 8.30 P.M. Dr. Wm.

Miller Ord, " On Urinary Crystals and Calculi, the Circumstances deter-mining their Form and Production".

WEDNESDAY.-Epidemiological Society, 8 P.M. " On Arithmetical Questionsinvolved in the Rise and Progress of Epidemics", by George H. Evans,M.A., M.D.Cantab.-Hunterian Society. Council Meeting, 7.30 P.M. Ge-neral Meeting, 8 P.m. Mr. De Berdt Hovell will introduce a discussion on" Ventilation in Relation to the Treatment of Scarlatina".

FRIDAY.-Clinical Society of London, 8.30 P.m. Dr. T. T. Whipham, " FatalPleuropneumonia in an Opium-eater"; Mr. C. Burwell. "Case of AcuteNecrosis in which the whole Shaft of the Ulna was removed"; Dr. ThomasDowse, "Unusual Case of Lead-poisoning".

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS.CORRESPONDENTS not answered, are requested to look to the Notices to Corre-spondents of the following week.

PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.-We shall be much obliged to Medical Officers ofHealth if they will, in forwarding their Annual and other Reports, favour us withDuj,?icate Copies.

AUTHORS desiring reprints of their articles published in the JOURNAL, are requestedto communicate beforehand with the printer, Mr. T. Richards, 37, Great QueenStreet, W.C.

CORRESPONDENTS, who wish notice to b6 taken of their commtlnications, shouldauthenticate them with their names-of course, not necessarily for publication.

WE CANNOT UNDERTAKE TO RETURN MANUSCRIPTS NOT USED.

COMMUNICATIONS respecting editorial matters, should be addressed to the Editor:those concerning business matters, non-delivery of the JOURNAL, etc., should beaddressed to the General Manager, at the Office, 36, Great Queen Street, W.C.

J. C. will observe that his query is answered in another part of the JOURNAL.MR. SCOFIELD'S suggestion is one which, we think, might be adopted with advan-

tage. The matter shall be looked into.THE CONTAGIoUs DISEASES ACTS.

WE are requested to correct a misapprehension on the part of Dr. Wm. Carter, instating that the " five members of the Liverpool Royal Infirmary School of Medi-cine who did not sign the memorial constitute more than one-third of the entirestaff". The school staff numbers seventeen, and of the five non-contents three arenot medical practitioners, and therefore were not asked to sign.

QUININE FRAUDS.AN instance of importing spurious quinine, says the NVort/z C/hina ferald, came

Jately under the notice of the Customs authorities, the quantity being IoO one-ounce bottles, for a Chinese firm, we believe. The shipment was detained on thescore of false declaration, and a bottle submitted to Messrs. Watson, Cleave & Co.for chemical analysis. It was suspected that the suibstance was salicine, but theapplication of the usual test failed to indicate any trace of salicine in the sample.Quinine itself, or any of its salts, was equally undistinguishable, and subsequentexaminations proved the substance to be composed entirely of muriate of cincho-nine, a product of cinchona bark, the market value of which is one-fourth that ofquinine, while it possesses remedial quialities analogous but less in degree to thoseof the valuable medicine for which it is attempted to pass it off. The bottles beara neat label, flanked by exhibition medals, on which the inscriptions are not quitecorrectly printed. The label runs: " Sulfate de Quinine de Pelletier, Delondreet Lvaillant; I once Anglse.; Armet De Lisle et Cie., Successeurs; Paris RteMalher I8." The question of checking the attempts made to cheat the publicinto buying a spurious or inferior preparation of a febrifuge is of great importancein a place like Shanghai, and we lhope will receive the attention of the authorities.It might do some good, meanwhile, if the native press were to draw attention tothis " lie " quinine.

CORRESPONDENTS are particularly requested by the Editor to observethat communications relating to Advertisements, changes of address,and other business matters, should be addressed to Mr. FrancisFowke, General Secretary and Manager, at the Joumal Office, 36,Great Queen Street, W. C., and not to the Editor.

HOSPITAL SATURDAY.SIR,-1 beg you will oblige the retiring Hospital Saturday Council by permittingme to mention that, except in three instances, £54,521 35s. so34d. of the firstHospital Saturday collection has been paid to those Hospitals and Dispensaries,the Committees of which returned on the Council's forms particulars as to theamount of " Relief," " Economy," and " Efficiency " in their respective institu.tions. The distribution was made under these heads, and upon a plan whichobviated the possibility of partiality. In many instances, patients' letters,tro raidto the amount allotted, have been returned. In others, notably that of the FrenchHospital, intimation has been given that all persons recommended by the Councilwill be received as patients without restriction. The Council will issue the lettersto local and auxiliary Hospital Saturday Committees, and to emfloyls of firms, onapplication, j6ro rai to the amount collected in each case. Letters not soapportioned the Council will issue individually to deserving persons.

I beg you will also permit me to mention that the Hospital Saturday Board ofDelegates will meet on Saturday, the 27th of March next, to elect the Councilwho will organise the collection for this year (1875) in accordance with theresolution passed by the retiring members, to further ensure that the workingclasses shall have that voice in the management of the movement which willensure its future success. The Board of Delegates will consist of memberselected thereto by Lodges, Courts, and branches of the various Friendly andTrade Societies, and emjlloyls (Ioo or upwards) of firms. The Board will meet atleast once in every three months to receive reports from the Council, over whoseproceedings they will maintain a general supervision. A copy of the resolution asto the election of delegates, and the form of certificate, may be had on applicationto the retiring Council.-I am, etc., CHARLES MERCIER, Chairman.

Council Rooms, 28, Leicester Square, Feb. 20th, I875.H. M., STATISTICAL SOCIETY.-The bills of mortality were commenced so longago as 1592, by the Parish Clerks' Company, who about I625 were licensed bythe Star Chamber to keep a printing press in their hall for printing the bills. Theweekly bills of the parish clerks have, however, been superseded by the " Tableof Mortality in the Metropolis," issued from the Registrar General s Office sinceJuly I, 2837.

UNREGISTERED PRACTITIONERS.DR. T. ORME DUDFIELD, in his monthly report on the Health of Kensington, raisesthe following questions, on two of the deaths registered in the Town sub-districtwhich were " not certified", i.e., the deceased were attended in their last illnessesby unregistered practitioners, whose certificates were accepted only as informalevidence of the nature of the fatal disease, the deaths being returned by theRegistrar as " not certified", in accordance with the instructions of the Registrar-General. Under the Registration of Births, etc., Act, a duly registered medicalpractitioner is required to give a certificate, setting out the catise of death of anyperson who may have been attended by him. This is the certificate which wasgiven in the cases above referred by unqualified practitioners, one of whom is theperson against whom your Vestry directed proceedings to be taken some monthsago for alleged contravention of the " Medical Registration Act". By the 37thsection of that Act, the certificate he gave in the case now alluded to, is declaredto be not "valid," because he is not registered. But if he had been duly regis-tered, and had refused to give the certificate in question, such refusal would haveentailed a penalty under the new Act. Whether his certificate brings him withinthe penal clause of the Medical Act, for the offence of " falsely pretending to beregistered under the Act," is a nice question of law, which Dr. Dudfield statesthat he is incompetent to answer.

BIBLIOPOLE.-The total expense of the Library of the College of Surgeons, includingpurchases, binding of books, salary and wages was, according to the last calendar,July, £659 5s. 6d.

ETIOLOGY OF PUERPERAL FEVER.SIR,-I have read attentively the article on the above subject in this week'sJOURNAL, and must take exception to some of the statements therein made.The first is, that I consider the writer bases his suggestion of the contagion of

puerperal fever being connected with his own person in his cases of contagion, onvery insuifficient data, for the following reasons. Since writing my former letterto you I have unfortunately had another case prove fatal in my practice. Now,as three months have elapsed since my former case, I do not suppose any one canby any means connect this last case with my former one, as I have attended mycases since then: and yet if I had ceased practice for a period of three monthsand then resumed it, and met with a fatal case soon after doing so, by reasoningas yosir correspondent has done I should have come to the conclusion that thosemonths were insufficient to eradicate this contagion from my person.By expressing himself willing to attend cases of puerperal fever, one would sup-

pose he did not believe in the contagion theory at all.By his inability to discover any symptoms of ill health in himself. As, if a man

in bad health is more liable to transmit the contagion than a healthy man (whichI suppose is possible), he would be almost certain to be attacked with some diseaseof a nature akin to puerperal; and yet your correspondent does not speak of hishaving suffered from either erysipelas, scarlet fever, sore throat, etc.

Secondly, I fail to see on what grounds he concludes that there are three differentkinds of puerperal fever. I presume ill making his divisions he had more in mindthe different ways in which the disease arises. As I do not for a moment believethat the disease given by contagion differs from that arising either from causeswhich have to do with the patient alone, or from the epidemic form.

It seems to be a fact that how puerperal fever arises in a man's practice is un-known, and also that when, unfortunately, a fatal case does occur, it is clearlythe duty of the surgeon to abstain from attending any more confinements for a fewweeks. Hoping that these letters, and the case of the Coventry midwife, willawaken attention to this subject,- I am, Sir, yours truly, JUNIOR.

BITING OF THE NAII.S.SIR,-Can any of your correspondents suggest a good method of combating thishabit in children, or briefly state what treatment has been found most efficacious ?

G. Y.M. KENSINGTON.-Archdeacon Pott was his son. Percival Pott was forty-two yearSurgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He died December 22nd, I788, aged 75years, and was buried in the church of St. Mary Aldermary, Bow Lane, Cheap-side.

THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [March 6, 1875.NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.-Advertisements for insertion in the BRITISHMEDICAL JOURNAL, should be forwarded direct to the PublishingOffice, 36, Great Queen Street, W. C., addressed to Mr. FOWKE, notlater than Thursday, twelve o'clock.

MEDICAL DEGREES AND TITLES.SIR,-The requirement of residence at an University prior to admission to examin-

ation for its degrees entails the perpetuation of a system which identifies the teach-ing and examining bodies, the error of which appears to have been recognised bythe founders of that excellent institution, the University of London. It willscarcely be assumed that the gentleman who passes a year at either Aberdeen,St. Andrew's, or Galway, is more advantaged thereby than one who passes thesame period of time in London, or in one of our large manufacturing towns. Therequirements of the University of London, excellent though they be in intention,are undoubtedly, to a certain extent, prohibitory: frankly, I dared never affronitthem, and I have knosvn many men who have given proofs of some capacity stopshort in this difficultly upward career. Some continental Universities, un-

trammelled by tradition, and rather in appreciation of practical results, do admitto the degree of Doctor by examination without residence. At Brussels, the ex-

amination I passed may have been inferior by the absence of written proofs ofcapacity, but I have no hesitation in saying was superior, practically, to our ex-aminations at home, especially in the item of practical surgery, in svhich threeoperations have to be performed on the dead subject. This is an improvementwhich, it is to be hoped, may be adopted by otur College of Surgeons in theirMembership as well as in their Felloxvship examiniations, that it may be able to

ascertain that it is really providing the public with sturgeons who know where theyare going when they have a knife in their hands.The asstimption of the title of Dr. by Licentiates of a MIedical College is to be

deprecated: either there is a distinction and a difference between a degree and a

diploma, or there is not ; and it is difficult to understand hoxv, logically, the Kingand Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland can give a license conferring theright (as stated in black and white, and in large characters, on the diploma) touse the title of " Doctor in Medicine".-I am, sir your obedient servant,

W. N. HIRON, M\I.D.Brussels, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.E.

SIR,-The numerous letters in youir JOURNAL on the subject of medical titles show

the interest taken on the subject. I believe that the dissatisfaction in the profes-sion arises front the fact, that so many men, neither of superior ability or of edit-cation, get into practice with M. D. tacked to their names, and are thus placedbefore the public in a position above their fellows. Are the opportunities formedical education at Aberdeen, Glasgow, St. Andrew's, Oxford, and Cambridge,greater than at the London hospitals-St. Bartholomew's, Guy's, the Lonldon,etc. ? Who are the teachers and examiners at the former places?-men hardlyknown out of their provincial towns, certainly not out of Scotland. In London, tlleopportunities are greater, the hospitals larger, the teachers and examiners maly,of European reputation; but a student who passes the examining boards of theLondon College of Physicians, the College of Surgeons, or the Apothecaries' Com-pany, is without a title, a plain " Mr.": he is even snubbed by the College of Phy-sicians for styling himself " Dr." Does Scotch influence prevail at ttle LondonCollege? The upper and middle classes are finding out by comparison, that thetitle of Dr. or A.D tinder the present rdgitzC by no means implies superiority ofthe man or his education.Hoping that some me ins will be fouind, even if it require an Act of Parliament,

for giving a Londoni medical title to those passing the London examinations, andrectifyinig the present anomaly in respect of medical titles, I remain, sir, your obe-dient servant, W. M1.

SIR,-As one of the numerous MI.s and L. R. C.P.s of Edinburgh, I beg to express my

gratittude to you for your poxverftul advocacy of the cause of those amongst its

who desire to be admitted by some British University to examiniation, withotitresidence, for the degree of MI.D.; but I beg respectfully to point out that your

recommendation that only those who have gone throtigh a fill ctirriculum,extending over at least four winter sessions, be admitted to examiniation, would,if adopted, virtually excluide four-fifths of the L. R C. P.s, who, like myself, onlycompleted its their student-days three winter and txvo suimmer sessions, and vho,being now in full practice, could not spare time to complete the extelnded curri-culum.With regard to the mtich disputed title of "Dr.", I beg to say that, so long go0

as I can remember (my age is forty-six), all Licentiates and extra-Licentiates ofthe College of Physicians of London were unhesitatingly accorded the title of"Dr." by their professional brethren, and had that title engraved oni their cat-dsand door-plates; and when, in I86o, I passed my examination at the College ofPhysicians of Edinbturgh, I thought myself fuilly justified in adopting the title of"Dr.", and have contintued to do so ever since, though of course I never 'vroteM.D. after my name, nor allowed my friends and patients to do so. I may addthat the Co!lege of Physicians of Edinburgh, when sending me the annual list ofFellows, Mlembers, anid Licentiates, always addresses me as "Dr."

I enclose my card, and am, sir, your obedient servant, A\I.R. C. P.EDSIR,-As a constant reader of youir valuable JOURNAL, I have pertised wvith interestthe numerous letters published in your columns on the above stubject, aiid Ishould like to add my mite to the collection. Into the question of the right ofL.R.C.P.s, etc., to the title of "Dr.', I do not entend to enter, my object beingmerely to suiggest means whereby the acqulisition of the title MI.D. might be faci-litated without lowering the standard of professional knox. ledge now requlired forits attainment.There is at present no University in the United Kingdom from xvhiclh the

degree of M.D. cani be obtained without resideiice or its equivalernt. I -speak

advisedly, though I know I shall be met by the statement that the University ofLondon requires no residence of its graduiates. BLit it requires itse*quivalentthat is to say, the time (four or five years) spent in medical study must be so

spent at a recognised rriedical school after matriculation. It is in these two lastwords that the rub exists. By all means, requiire sttudy at recognised medicalschools; but I do not see wshy that study need necessarily be after matriculation.If evidenice were required that the student had passed a stifficient time at recog-

nised places of education, that should be stufficient to admit him to examinationfor degrees, whether he matriculated before or after commencing professionalwork. There are many men who, on entering- on their student-career, do ltotthink of taking a degree but, after twvo or three years of study, they fin d themn-selves drawn strongly to the practice of physic fiza et sim>le, and wish to takethe M.D. degree, and thus qualify themselves for hospital appointments and con-

sulting practice. But they knock at the portals of Burlington House in vain.

They did not matriculate before entering on hospital work; and therefore, ifthey want a degree, they must matriculate.now, and go throuigh their two orthree years agaili. This is suirely a hard case ; btit I am convinced it is the condition of many students at the present time. Therefore, I would suggest to theSenate of the University of London (which, being the metropolitan seat of learn-ing, should lead the way in all liberal and salutary reforms) to do away with theregulation which requires matricillation previous to the commencement of profes-sional study, and to take so many years of work at a recogitised medical school assufficient qualification for admission to its degrees-after stringent aild searchingexamination, of course. If the University of London will tiot relax thus far, theUniversity of Durham, which already alloxvs residence at Neswcastle-on-Tyne tocount as residence in the University itself, might surely exte,id its boundaries,and allow study at any recognised medical school to count as re7tdenice; and thenpermit sttidents from all parts of the kingdom to graduate at Durham. Thesefacilities for gradulation xvould in iio xvay detract from the valuLe of the degree, asthe standard of professional knowledge reqtiisite for its attainment might still bekept sufficiently high to uiphold the dignity of the M.D., and to stamp the bearerof the title as a man of high professional know-ledge and scientific clilture.

Trusting I have not rtun to too great length, and hoping yotu may think mysuggestiolns worthy of insertion, I enclose my card, and remain yours obediently,

A KINGcS AIAN.THE INFLITENCE OF TEM\iPERATURE DURING CHILDTRITH.

SIR,-Painless and bloodless surgery is nosy universally practised and admired.Painless and bloodless midwvifery-although a matter of at least equtial importance-is not oiily >tot tiniversally practised, but, 1 will veniture to say (except iii the useof anatsthetics), is a subject not even uinderstood. I have endeavotired to show, iinmy previous letters, howv simply, and by the regulation of temperatilre, and with-out the aid of any aniesthetic medication whatever, the pangs of childbirth may bereduced to a iSinimtim, both as regards time and intensity. Rly the same princi-ple of treatment, essentially chrono-thermal, I have stuggested a means xwhic-h, iffairly tried, xvill, I am firmly convinced, banish for ever that opprobrium medico-rum--iiost-.fartum hemorrhage. For such purpose, it wnill undoubtedly be folundmost desirable to apply the remedy, the graluated cold donche, lay way of anitici-pation, speedily after the birth of the child, and before the separation of theplacenta.

Apparently, in contradiction to what I have written, but, in reality, strongly inconfirmatioii of it, comes the latest suggzestion from New York, namely, the use ofvaginal injectionis of warm water (at ioo Fahr.), as a means of ar-resting uterine-hemorrhage. This is a step in the rig-ht direction;, and xvill do more than anythingelse to revolutionise all previously accepted ideas on the sub'jectEverywhere, and for ages past, has been taught the utterly fallacious doctrine

that cold-quaoat cold-arrests hiemorrhage and nothing but disaster has resultedwhen, in accordance with such teachinig, the prolong--ed use of cold has beei con-sistently carried ott for only in so far as cold, by reaction, is capable of restoringthe natural warmth of the body, can it, by any possibility, restore the healthytone of ruptured vessels, or indeed of anything else. Hence cold, properly applied,with the view of obtaining such reaction, is most valuable as a means of prevent-ing haemorrhage, but is a measure of doubtful tutility in proportion to the amounitof hiemoirhace which has already occurred, and the consequLent difficulty experi-enced by the patietit its acqtiiring the necessary reaction; and it is precisely atthis most critical and important junctuire that warm vx. ginal itijections (it IoD Falir.)may be broughlt into play witlh the most striking effect.-I am, etc.,Harlesdon. AI. D.

COMMUNICATIONS, LETTERS, ETC., have been received from:-Mlr. Charles Steele, Clifton: AIr. A. F. Williams, Liverpool; Dr. T. A. G. Bal-

four, Edinburgh M; r. WV. f. Day, Norwvich MIr. E. WmV. Thtirston, Ashford;Dr. W. l. Kelly, Ta.tinton; Mr. James Rogers, Sxvansca; Mr. Palemon Blest,Louth Mr. J. C. Ga.itoul, London Mr. R. E. Powe-r, Dartmoor; lr. EdwinGoadby, Yorik; Dr. F. H. Daly, Lcondon AIr. J. Smith, Astoti; Mr. WV. H.Trestrail, Aldershot; Dr. C. E. Saunders, London ; Dr. Sydney Ringer, Lon-don Mlr. Charles Asbetideni, Hastings; Tlie Director-Getueral of the Army Me-dical Department The MIilitary Secret.ury, India Office MIr. Kciincth XV. AIil-lican, Cambridcge; Dr. Rumsey, Clieltenham MIr. WV. 0. Tosnsend, London;The Scerctary of A pothecaries' H-all; 'The Registrar-General of England TlleRegistiar-Geiieral of Ireland The Registrar of tlhe Aledical Society of LoindonDr. Waters, Chester; Dr. Birkbeck Nevins, Liverpool Dr. J. MlacCarthy,Cork; Mr. R. N. Stoker, Netley; Dr. Braxton Hicks, London; Air. A. T.Norton, London; Mr. J. MiitchellXWilson, North Witchford; Mr. R. Gravely,Newick M\Ir. John Lose, Merthyr Tvdfil; Mr. J. AM. Hessard, Staniford Mr.

WV. AM. Harmer, Hawskhucirst Mlr. H. Burdett, Greenwich Mrs. Garrett-Anderson, AT.D., London; MIr. Lennox Browne, London; Dr. H. J. Alforl, Taunton;MI.A., LL.D.; Dr. M\lark Loiig, London; Dr. J. Cunningham, Caiipbeltown;

Dr. James Donaldson, Glasgow; MIr. L. W. Spencer, Preston; Mr. R. XV. For-sayeth, Fleets-ood; AMr. Roger Parker, Liverpool Mfr. G. H1. Gregory, Lon-don; Dr. XV. Squiire, Lotudon Our Manchester Correspondent; MIr. VilliamMurrell, London; Dr. D. T. Mlaunsell, Dublin; Mlr. E. W. Alanser, TtinbridgeWells; Dr. J. Ml. Edsvards, London; MIr. G. XV. MIXurdock, Shrewsbury; Dr.Grimshawv, Duibliis; Dr. J. J. Charles, Belfast; Mr. F. G. Mlanby, WVolverhamp-ton; Mr. T. P. Lucas, Londoli Mr. G. Elder, Notting-ham; Mir. T. Highton,Derby Mr. John Hard, XVolverhampton; Mr. W. Aston, Redditch; Mr. Heber1). Ellis, Poole; Dr. A. B. Steele, Liverpool; Dr. I'landford, London; Dr. A.Lawrence, Clifton; Dr. XV'ade, Blirmingham; MIr. C. MI'Lean, Ross; Dr. J. B.Nevins, Liverpool; Mr. S. J. Renilie, Liverpool; Mr. T. WVorth, NottinghamMr. Stefan Poles. London; Otir Dublin Correspondent; Mr. H1. 13. Harrison,London; Dr. Arthur Gamgee, Manchester; Mr. Poole, London; Dr. BalthazarFoster, Birmingham: iIr. Edmondison, Halifa.x; Mr. XV'atts Parkinson, Wim-borne; Mr. Johii Price, Ilaxwkhurst; Dr. Aveling, London; Mr. Buixton,London; Mr. Hancocke Wathen, Fishguard; Mr. G. Worthington, Stamford;Mr. A. L. Atthill, Dublin; Mr. WV. Voles, XVoolwich; Mr. J. Woodman,Exeter; MIr. J. Drew, Stirling; rr. T. D. Nicholson, Bristol; etc.

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