Michael Butz

Honors Spanish 2

Grammar Book

Table of Contents Ser Estar Verbs Like Gustar Hacer Expressions Pretérito Trigger Words Car Gar Zar Spock Verbs Cucaracha Verbs Snakes and Snakeys Commands DOP’s Irregular TV Dishes IOP’s Se Impersonal

Past Participles as adjectives

El futuro and ir+a+infinitive

Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns Imperfect Tense +

irregualrs Los Mandatos Informal + irregulars Formal + Irregulars DOP + IOP Placement Modal Verbs Reflexives Saber vs. Conocer

SER-(Permanent)

DescriptionsOriginCharacteristicsTimeOccupationRelationships

PossessionsEventsDates

(Qué es?)

(De donde es?)

(Como es?)

(Qué hora es?)

(Qué Hace?)

(Quien es?)

(De quien es?)

(Cuando/ Donde es?)

(Qué dia es hoy? Cual es la fecha hoy? Cuandoes tu cumpleanos?)

Ser O Estar

Questions

Estar-(Temporary)

HealthEmotionsLocationsPresent

condition

I Ar- Ando

N Er/Ir-

EndoG -Yendo

(Como Estas? Bien/Mal)

(Como Estas? Enojado)

(Donde Estas?)(Como Está?)

{Qué estas

haciendo?}

Ser O Estar Cont…

Questions

PronounsMe gusta(n)

Te falta(n)

Le duele(n)

Nos fascina(n)

Les molesta(n)

Gustar- To likeFaltar- To failDoler(ue)- To hurtFascinar- To be

fascinatedMolestar- To bother

“N” attached to the word when it is plural

Verbs Like Gustar

Verbs

Hacer Expressions include verbs that are in present and past tenses.

Present Tense » Since & For

Pretérit Tense » Ago

Hacer Expressions

Hablar Comer Escribir

Yo Hable Comi Escribi

Tu Hablaste Comiste Escribiste

El/ Ella/ Usted

Hablo Comio Escribio

Nosotros(as)

Hablamos Comimos Escribimos

Ellos/ Ellas/

Ustedes

Hablaron Comieron Escribieron

El Pretérito*Definite time in the past with beginning or ending*

Trigger words are words that come before a preterit verb.

Ex: Ayer-(yesterday), Anteayer-(the day before yesterday), A las ocho-(at eight o’clock), El lunes pasado-(last Monday), Etoneces-(tonight), Desde el primer momento-(from the first moment), Hace dos dias-(two days ago)

Trigger Words

Tocar(To Take)

Jugar(To Play)

Comenzar

(To Begin)

Yo Toqué Jugué Comencé

Tu Tocaste Jugaste Comenzaste

El/ Ella/ Usted

Tocó Jugó Comenzó

Nosotros(as)

Tocamos Jugamos Comenzamos

Ellos/ Ellas/

Ustedes

Tocaron Jugaron Comenzaron

Irregular Verbs (Pretérito)Car Gar Zar

Hacer- Hice Ir y Ser- Fui Hiciste Fuiste Hizo Fue Hicimos Fuimos Hicieron Fueron

Dar y Ver- (same ending)Dar- Di Ver- Vi

Diste Viste Dio Vio Dimos Vimos Dieron Vieron

Spock Verbs

Andar Anduv- é-Yo Estar Estuv- iste-Tu Poder Pud- ó-el/ella Poner Pus- imos-nos Querer Quis- isties-vos Saber Sup- ieron-ellos/ellas Tener Tuv- Vener Vin- Conducir Conduj- Producir Produj- Traducir Traduj- Decir Dij- < drop “I” on the the endings Traer Traj- < drop “I” on the the endings

Cucaracha Verbs

Snakes- Preterite Irregulars

Dormir- Stem change in 3rd person

Dormi Dormimos Dormiste Dormsteis Durmió Durmieron

Leer- i to y in 3rd person

Leí leímos Leíste leístes Leyo leyeron

Snakes and Snakeys

Snakeys

Process Change to yo form and add opposite vowel Add DOP Precedes conjugated verb

Attaches to verb when Infinitive Affirmative command Gerund

EX: I ate the apple. Comí una manzana. I ate it. La comí.

Regular Commands

Direct object pronounsQuestion: What receives the action of the verb?

Pronouns: Me Nos te Lo/los, la/las Se

Ex: Eat it. Lo comí.

DOP’s

Tengo T-tenga Irregulars commands are Venir V- venga verbs that conjugate

differentlyDar D- de that the other command

verbs.Ir I- vayaSer S- seaHacer H- hagaEstar E- estéSaber S- sepa

TV Dishes and Irregulars

Indirect object pronouns Question: To whom or for whom receives the verb?

Pronouns: Me nos Te os Le(se) les(se)

Ex: She gave it to me. Me lo dió.

IOP’s

“Se” is a word that avoids specific ownership of something.

“Se” is always used in the third person.

Ex: Se compra una manzana.“Se” can be used in all tenses.Ex: Se hizó mucho.Se hará mucho.Se había hecho.

Se impersonal

Past Participles as Adjectives

Ex: El pollo comido.Or

Ex: La manzana comida.

They agree with the nouns in gender and number. Add “ado” to the end of “ar” verbs and add “ido” to the end of “ir” and “er”verbs.

El Futuro IR+A+InfinitiveIn the future tense

instead of conjugating the infinitive you and the conjugation onto the infinitive .

Yo- Infinitive + éTú- Infinitive + ásEl- Infinitive + áNosotros- Infinitive +

emosEllos- Infinitive + án

Add the conjugated version of the ir that agrees with the sentence. Then add “a” and last add the infinitive of the verb in the sentence.

María y Juan estudian hoy.

Ex: Mañana ellos van a estudiar.

Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns

Plural Estes/estas (these) Eses/Esas (those) Aquels/Aquellas (those over there)

The pronouns point something out. They must agree in number and gender. To make a pronoun add an accent over the “e” .

Singular Este/esta(this) Ese/Esa (that) Aquel/Aquella (that over there)

Imperfect Tense They are used to show actions that are in

progress.

aba, abas, ábamos, abais, aban.

Ar verbsíaías íaíamos,íais,ían

Ir and Er Verbs

Irregularpensar (to think) jugar(to play)Pienso pensamos juego jugamosPiensas juegasPiensa piensan juega juegansentir (to feel) dormir(to sleep)Siento sentimos duermo dormimosSientes duermesSiente sienten duerme duermenservir (to serve) SirvoservimosSirvesSirvesirven

Los Mandatos Informal

irregulars

AFFIRMATIVE

Di (decir)

Haz (hacer)

Ve (ir)

Pon (poner)

Sal (salir)

Sé (ser)

Ten (tener)

Ven (venir)

Formal irregular

AffirmativePut into the tu formDrop the “s”

NegativePut into the yoChange to the opposite

vowelAdd an “s”

•NEGATIVE

•Tengas

(tener)

•Vengas

(venir)

•Dés, digas

(dar, decir)

•Vayas (ir)

•Seas (ser)

•Hagas

(hacer)

•Estés (estar)

•Sepas

(saber)

DOP and IOP PlacementAttach on to the end of a infinitive.Place in front of the conjugated verb.Estar+ -ing verb phraseAttach to the end of the –ing phrase and add

an accent.The pronoun can attach to the end of an

affirmative phrase.The pronoun cannot attach to the end of a

negative phrase.

• Singular Lo• Plural Los

Masculine

• Singular La• Plural Las

Feminine

Ir+ a+ Infinitive (going to do something)Poder + Infinitive (are able to do something)

Querer + Infinitive (Want to do something)Deber+ Infinitive (Should do something)

Tener que + infinitive (To have to do something)

Modal VerbsPairing and conjugating the modal verbs give them new meaning.

• Me (Yo)• Te (Tú) • Se

(él,ella,Ud.)• Nos

(Nosatros)

• Os (Vosotros)

• Se (Ellos, Ellas, Uds.)

ReflexivesReflexive pronouns can be: • in front of the conjugated verb• attached to the infinitive (When attached you must add an accent over- • attached to the present participle -the correct syllable)• attached to an affirmative command

Saber ConocerSaber used as

factual infoI know how to play

cardsYo se jugar a las

cartas.(activity)

Conocer is used to know people or be familiar with places.

Martin knows the city very well

Martina conoce la ciudad muy bien. (place)