seminar 2015 jc
TRANSCRIPT
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Breeding Cannabis sativa for Medicinal and Industrial Applications
Presented by Joseph R. ChidiacDepartment of Horticulture
University of Arkansas
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Taxonomyo Kingdom: Plantaeo Subkingdom: Viridiplantaeo Infrakingdom: Streptophytao Superdivision: Embryophytao Division: Tracheophytao Subdivision: Spermatophytinao Class: Magnoliopsidao Superorder: Rosanaeo Order: Rosaleso Family: Cannabaceaeo Genus: Cannabiso Species: Sativa
Indica
Sativa
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Legal History Pre-1900: The cultivation of cannabis was ubiquitous and
highly encouraged in every culture for its myriad of uses.
1906: Pure Food and Drug Act—required cannabis to be properly labeled.
1914: Harrison Narcotics Tax Act—gave the federal government authority to regulate the trade of narcotics.
1925: International Opium Convention—banned the export of Indian hemp but not American or European hemp.
1932: Uniform State Narcotic Act—encouraged states to adopt the authority to regulate illicit trade.
1937: Marihuana Tax Act—banned the possession and distribution of hemp outside of licensed use.
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Current State of Affairs (2015)• Alaska• Arizona• California• Colorado• Connecticut• DC, Washington• Delaware• Hawaii• Illinois• Maine• Maryland• Massachusetts• Michigan• Minnesota• Montana• Nevada• New Hampshire• New Jersey• New Mexico• New York • Oregon• Rhode Island• Vermont• Washington
• Australia• Austria• Canada• Chile• China• Denmark• Egypt• Finland• France• Germany• Great Britain• Hungary• India• Italy• Japan• Korea• Netherlands• New Zealand• Poland• Portugal• Russia• Romania• Slovenia• Spain• Switzerland• Turkey• Thailand• Ukraine
• Israel• Canada
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Economic Significance• Colorado:
– $98 million– *$40* million– $350 million (2014)
• California: – $104 million– $433 million (2014)
• USA: – $581 million– $3/$35 billion (2014)
• British Columbia: – $6 billion (2014)
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Industrial Hemp77.5% cellulose
10% hemi-cellulose
6.8% lignin
2.9% pectin
0.9% wax and lipids
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Modern Uses for Hemp
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More Uses…Foods,Paper,
Jewelry,Biofuels,
Cosmetics,Soil remediation,
Bedding for livestock,Organic weed control,
Plastics and composites,Electrodes for supercapacitors,
Building materials and insulation,And much more…
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Medicinal and Recreational Cannabis
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Grow Operations
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CannabinoidsCBG: Cannabigerol
CBGa: Cannabigerolic Acid
CBD: Cannabidiol
CBDa: Cannabidiolic Acid
THCa: Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid
THCv: Tetrahydrocannabivarin
∆8/9-THC: Tetrahyrdocannabinol
CBC: Cannabichromene
CBN: Cannabinol
Trichome
Common potency: 5-25% THC, <2% CBD, Rest <1%.
85!
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CBGa – Cannabigerolic acid
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-bacterial• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-proliferative
Potential in treating:• Cancer
Studied for its role in the synthesis of other cannabinoids.
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THCa – Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-emetic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-insomnia• Anti-proliferative• Anti-spasmodic• Immune system
modulator• Neuroprotective
Potential in treating:• Nausea• Cancer• Lupus• Brain injury
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THCa in Literature
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THC - Tetrahydrocannabinol
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-emetic• Anti-proliferative• Anti-oxidant• Antispasmodic• Neuroprotective• Appetite Stimulant• Euphoriant*
Potential in treating:• Cancer• Pain• Anorexia• HIV• PTSD• Crohn’s disease
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THC in Literature
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https://www.yahoo.com/parenting/dad-arrested-for-giving-cannabis-oil-to-daughter-108654025667.html
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THCv - Tetrahydrocannabivarin
Properties:• Analgesic• Anorectic• Anti-emetic• Anti-epilectic• Anti-inflammatory• Bone stimulant• Euphoriant*
Potential in treating:• Diabetes• Obesity• Parkinson’s disease• Inflammation• Schizophrenia
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THCv in Literature
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http://blog.sfgate.com/smellthetruth/2015/01/16/bethenny-frankels-skinnygirl-marijuana-roll-your-own/
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CBN - Cannabinol
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-bacterial• Anti-emetic• Anti-epilectic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-insomnia• Anti-proliferative• Appetite stimulant• Bone stimulant
Potential in treating:• Pain• Cancer• Anorexia
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https://munchies.vice.com/articles/science-says-weed-makes-food-taste-and-smell-better
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CBDa – Cannabidiolic acid
Properties:• Anti-bacterial• Anti-emetic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-proliferative
Potential in treating:• Bacterial infections• Nausea• Cancer
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CBD - Cannabidiol
Properties:• Analgesic• Antibacterial• Anti-diabetic• Anti-depressant• Anti-emetic• Anti-epilectic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-insomnia• Anti-ischemic• Anti-psioratic• Anti-proliferative• Anti-psychotic• Anti-oxidant• Antispasmodic• Axiolitic• Bone stimulant• Neuroprotective• Vasorelaxant
Potential in treating:• Cancer• Epilepsy• Depression• Schizophrenia• Crohn’s disease• Alzheimer’s
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CBD in Literature
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http://www.medicaljane.com/2013/01/03/cbd-rich-strain-avidekel-sets-new-medicinal-standard/
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CBC - Cannabichromene
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-depressant• Anti-fungal• Axiolitic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-proliferative• Bone stimulant• Neurogenic**
Potential in treating:• Pain• Depression• Inflammation• Alzheimer’s• Brain injury
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CBC in Literature
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/03/medical-marijuana-veterans-bill_n_6607408.html
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CBG - Cannabigerol
Properties:• Analgesic• Anti-bacterial• Anti-epilectic• Anti-inflammatory• Anti-insomnia• Anti-proliferative• Bone stimulant• Neurogenic**
Potential in treating:• Glaucoma• Inflammatory Bowel Disease• Pain• Inflammation• Seizures
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CBG in Literature
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Targets for Breeding
Hexanoyl CoA Synthetase Olivetolic acid Cyclase GO Transferase
THCa Synthase
CBDa Synthase
CBCa Synthase
Cellulose Synthases
Glucotransferases
Cytochrome P450 enzymes
Methyltransferases Acetyltransferases
Elongase ∆6-desaturase
Gene Products
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www.calgarycmmc.com
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Selection ProcessSequence DNA of progeny and look for:
Presence of genes for biosynthesis enzymesNumber of duplicates in the genome for eachType of Promoter Region (PR)Type of Upstream Activating Region (UAR)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
www.medicinalgenomics.com
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Creating Profiles of Gene Expression
www.genomebiology.com
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Testing the Potency of New Cultivars
Vs. Vs.
GCHPLC
UPLC
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The Potential of New Cultivars“Charlotte’s Web”Named for
Charlotte Figi
0.5% THC17% CBD
Reduces child seizures dramatically
Alleviated epilepsy symptoms from Dravet syndrome Lived with 300 seizures per week before treatment
Had adverse effects from conventional treatment
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¡Thank you all for your presence!
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