seminar by amiya

8/14/2019 Seminar by AMIYA

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Renewable source of energy

Most economical

Can produce many times the power asimilarly priced wind or solar system

could generate

Peak power is used in the evening whenthe sun isnt shining and the wind is not

necessarily blowing

Round the clock availability of power


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How far the water falls

Volume of water fallingHigh head & low flow

volume

IMPULSE TURBINE

Low head & high flow

volume

REACTION TURBINE


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Pinwheel principle:

Harder you blow faster it runs

impulse means force to run theturbine comes from the impact of the

water on the turbine runner

P.E or head of water convertedto K.E by discharging water through acarefully shaped nozzle

Free water jet strikes the turbine bucketstangentially which converts K.E toRotational.


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By Lester Allen Pelton in

1870s

Water moves in a u paththrough the turbine

Velocity decreases, changein momentum transfers to

runner

Splitting of water balancesside load forces


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Modified Pelton wheel

By Gilkes in 1919

Less expensive runner

Higher specific speed

Handles greater flow asexiting water doesntinterfere with incoming

jetsHigher efficiency above90%


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Balloon Principle:

Blow up the balloon andrelease it.

reaction force of the air as itpasses

through the opening causes theballoon to move forward

Forces driving the rotor

achieved by the reaction of anaccelerating water flow in therunner while the pressure drops


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By James B.Francis

Spiral Volute casing keepsmagnitude of velocityconstant

Only part of total headconverted to velocity head(unlike impulse) by guidevane at a tangential direction

Flow:Radial+tangential=mixed

Draft tube discharges water

from runner exit to tail race


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Helps the turbine to remain completely filledwith working fluid

Reduces the velocity to minimize loss of

kinetic energy

Causes no drop of available head bymaintaining vacuum pressure at the outlet

Angle between the walls is limited to 8 degreeto prevent flow separation & loss of energy intube


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Speed ,Head

Inlet velocity (V1 )

Flow velocity(Vf1 )

Large amount of fluid enter theturbine

Flow becomes entirely axial


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Between guide vane & runner fluid flows through 90

degree along axial direction

Blade velocity radius

Whirl velocity 1/radius

So runner blades are twisted

to get required velocities


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Done by spear valve in the nozzle

Movement of spear valve along axis of nozzlecontrols the flow rate

Deflectors are used to prevent water hammer

problem


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The position of piston is governed by oil pressure The position of piston governs the regulating rods

The regulating rods determine the guide vane angle

which in turn determines the amount of water


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TURBINETYPE

HEADin meter

SPECIFICSPEED(inrpm)

EFFICIENCY

PELTON 50-1300 around 4 92%

TURGO 50-250 1-10 87%

FRANCIS 10-350 10-100 over 90%

KAPLAN 2-40 >100 over 90%


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REFENCENCES :-


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THANK U ALL FOR A PATIENT HEARING.

HOPE I SATISFIED THE CURIOSITY OFTHE AUDIENCE.

NOW I WELCOME ALL QUERIES

FROM MY REPORT.

seminar by amiya

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