seminar on morph technology rahul kumar original

7/28/2019 Seminar on Morph Technology RAHUL KUMAR Original

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MORPH TECHNOLOGYA SEMINAR REPORT

Submitted by

RAHUL KUMARElectronics & Communication Engineering (6

thSEM)

Under the Guidance of

Priyanka Gautam

H.O.D.

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Mewar University, Rajasthan

I n partial ful fi llment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

MEWAR UNIVERSITYChittorgarh, Rajasthan

JUNE 2013


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A seminar report is a golden opportunity for learning and selfdevelopment. Apart from the efforts of our, the success of this project

depends largely on the encouragement and guidelines of many others. I

consider myself very lucky and honored to have so many wonderful people

lead me through in completion of this UG Seminar report.

Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved

Parentsfor providing me a congenial atmosphere and their love, wisdom

and encouragement that they procured on me continuously.

I take this humble opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude

to my seminar guide Mr. Sheetal Joshi, who in all respect helped me

tangibly from the beginning till the fulfillment of my seminar . His

expert guidance and inspiration brought completion of the seminar. A

humble Thank you Sir.

I would like to thankProf . Pri yanka Gautam, Head of Electronics &

Communication Engineering Department, who gives me this opportunity. I

would also like to thank to all my teachers who directly or indirectly

supports me time to time.

My grateful thanks to all my Friendsandclassmatewho helped me at

every steps of my life, guide and keep me on the correct path. I do not

know where I would have been without him.

Thank you & Regards.

Rahul Kumar


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LIST OF CONTENTS

SR. NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO

Abstract I1.0 Introduction 1

What Is A Morph? 1History 1About 2Nokia Morph 2Nanotechnology 3

Molecular Nanotechnology 4Collaboration Between University OfCambridge Nokia Research Center

5

2.0 Theory 7Concepts Of Nokia Morph 7Applied Technology 7Various Nanotechnologies 8

Nano-Enabled Energy 8Enhanced Enabled Energy 9

Density Batteries 9Super capacitors 9Solar Research 9Nems Structure 10

Sensing Surfaces 10Nanoscale Benefits 11Our Research Focus 11

Stretchable Electronic 11Functional Biomaterials 13Nanoporous Hybrid Material 14Device Architecture 15

3.0 FEATURES & CHARACTERSTICS 16Flexibility and changing Design 16Self Cleaning 17Advance power Resources 17Sensing the environment 18Stretchable And Flexible Electronics 19Transparent Electronics 21

4.0 OTHERS 23Advantages 23Limitations 23Future scope 23


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5.0 Conclusion 24Bibliography 25


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ABSTRACT

In business a product could have a shorter life if it can't win the hearts of

people and showcase new technology, so take the case of Nokia, who is coming

up with the Morph flexible mobile phone which the company claims include

nanotechnology and would immensely benefit its end-users. The main benefit

of Nanotechnology is that its components are flexible, transparent and

extremely strong. The company believes this latest technology would be a

distinctive phone by 2015, but a few technical glitches remained to be solved,like the use of new battery materials etc.

Morph is a joint technology concept, developed by nokia research center

(NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK). The morph demonstrate how

future mobile device might be stretchable and flexible, allowing the user to

transform their mobile devices into radically different shaped. It demonstrates

the ultimately that nanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible

material, transparent electronics and self cleaning surface.Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible,

stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into

three dimensional meshe that reinforces thin elastic structures. Using the same

principle behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to literally changes

shapes and configures itself to adapt to the task at hand.


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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The Morph concept

Launched alongside The Museum of Modern Art Design and The ElasticMind exhibition, the Morph concept device is a bridge between highlyadvanced technologies and their potential benefits to end-users. This deviceconcept showcases some revolutionary leaps being explored by Nokia ResearchCenter (NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre (UnitedKingdom) nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a world of

radically different devices that open up an entirely new spectrum ofpossibilities. Morph concept technologies might create fantastic opportunitiesfor mobile devices:

Newly-enabled flexible and transparent materials blend more seamlesslywith the way we live

Devices become self-cleaning and self-preserving Transparent electronics offering an entirely new aesthetic dimension Built- in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become

smaller, longer lasting and faster to charge Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment

around us, empowering us to make better choices.

In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics shown in theMorph concept could cost less and include more functionality in a muchsmaller space, even as interfaces are simplified and usability is enhanced. All ofthese new capabilities will unleash new applications and services that will allow

us to communicate and interact in unprecedented ways.

1.1 History

I remember when the Apple iPhone came out. I had a deep sense that therewas no way Id buya normal mobile phone ever again. I also started thinking:what comes next?Well it looks like Ive found the answer over at Nokia HQ. Infact, if you are in New York you can go along and see the future of mobilephones right now at The Museum of Modern Art. Nokia Research Centre and

the University of Cambridges Nanoscience Centre have launched Morph, ajoint nanotech concept. This device concept showcases some revolutionary


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leaps being explored by Nokia Research Center (NRC) in collaboration with theCambridge Nanoscience Centre (United Kingdom) Nanoscale technologiesthat will potentially create a world of radically different devices that open up anentirely new spectrum of possibilities. I remember when the Apple iPhone came

out. I had a deep sense that there was no way Id buy a normal mobile phoneever again. I also started thinking: what comes next? Well it looks like Ivefound the answer over at Nokia HQ. In fact, if you are in New York you can goalong and see the future of mobile phones right now at The Museum of Modern

Art. Nokia Research Centre and the University of Cambridges NanoscienceCentre have launched Morph, a joint nanotech concept. This device conceptshowcases some revolutionary leaps being explored by Nokia Research Center(NRC) in collaboration with the Cambridge Nanoscience Centre (UnitedKingdom) Nanoscale technologies that will potentially create a world ofradically different devices that open up an entirely new spectrum ofpossibilities.

Invitation to contribute to Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in April 2007 Brainstorming in Cambridge in June 2007; Nokia Research Centre, Nokia

Design and University of Cambridge First concepts to MoMA in August 2007. MoMA exhibition in February 2008.

1.2 About

1.2.1 Morph

Morph is a concept that demonstrates how future mobile devices might bestretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile device intoradically different shapes. It demonstrates the ultimate functionality thatnanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible materials, transparentelectronics and self-cleaning surfaces. The device, which is made usingnanotechnology, is intended to demonstrate how cell phones in the futurecould be stretched and bent into different shapes, allowing users to morphtheir devices into whatever shape they want. Want to wear your cell phone as abracelet? No problem, just bend it around your wrist.

Even though Morph is still in early development, Nokia believes thatcertain elements of the device could be used in high-end Nokia devices withinthe next seven years. And as the technology matures, nanotechnology couldeventually be incorporated into Nokias entire line of products to help lower


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manufacturing costs. Nokia Morph is truly an absolutely wonderful gadget withflexible bending and wearing options and surely the best in the gadgets segmentfrom the house of Nokia.

1.2.2 What is Nanotechnology?

A basic definition: Nanotechnology is the engineering of functionalsystems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and conceptsthat are more advanced. In its original sense, 'nanotechnology' refers to theprojected ability to construct itemsfrom the bottom up, using techniques andtools being developed today to make complete,high performance products.

Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manufacturing solutions,and offers the possibility of integrating complex functionality at a low price.Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobiledevices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity.Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, andeven fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems.

Figure 1 Elegant three-dimensional MoS2 Nanoflowers

Elegant three-dimensional MoS2 Nanoflowers were uniformly formed viaheating a MoO2 thin film in a vapor sulfur atmosphere. Tens to hundreds ofpetals were self-assembled within a single Nanoflower. Each petal, 100-300 nm

wide and only several nanometers thick, exhibited a hexagonal structure. Thenumber of petal layers gradually decreased towards the edges, resulting inuniquely thin edges, typically less than 3 nm. The MoS2 Nanoflowers appearedto be excellent field emitters displaying a current density of 0.01 and 10?mA/cm2 at macroscopic fields of 4.55.5 and 7.68.6 V/m, respectively; the

electron field emission was consistent with the FowlerNordheim theory.


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1.2.3 Molecular nanotechnology

Molecular nanotechnology, sometimes called molecular manufacturing,

describes engineered nanosystems (nanoscale machines) operating on themolecular scale. Molecular nanotechnology is especially associated with themolecular assembler, a machine that can produce a desired structure or deviceatom-by-atom using the principles of mechanosynthesis. Manufacturing in thecontext of productive nanosystems is not related to, and should be clearlydistinguished from, the conventional technologies used to manufacturenanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles.

When the term "nanotechnology" was independently coined and

popularized by Eric Drexler (who at the time was unaware of an earlier usage byNorio Taniguchi) it referred to a future manufacturing technology based onmolecular machine systems. The premise was that molecular scale biologicalanalogies of traditional machine components demonstrated molecularmachines were possible: by the countless examples found in biology, it is knownthat sophisticated, stochastically optimised biological machines can beproduced.

It is hoped that developments in nanotechnology will make possible their

construction by some other means, perhaps using biomimetic principles.However, Drexler and other researchers have proposed that advancednanotechnology, although perhaps initially implemented by biomimetic means,ultimately could be based on mechanical engineering principles, namely, amanufacturing technology based on the mechanical functionality of thesecomponents (such as gears, bearings, motors, and structural members) that

would enable programmable, positional assembly to atomic specification. Thephysics and engineering performance of exemplar designs were analyzed inDrexler's bookNanosystems.

An experiment indicating that positional molecular assembly is possiblewas performed by Ho and Lee at Cornell University in 1999. They used ascanning tunneling microscope to move an individual carbon monoxidemolecule (CO) to an individual iron atom (Fe) sitting on a flat silver crystal, andchemically bound the CO to the Fe by applying a voltage.

1.2.4 Collaboration Between NRC and University of Cambridge


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The partnership between Nokia and the University of Cambridge wasannounced in March, 2007 - an agreement to work together on an extensive andlong term programme of joint research projects. NRC has established a researchfacility at the University's West Cambridge site and collaborates with several

departments - initially the Nanoscience Center and Electrical Division of theEngineering Department - on projects that, to begin with, are centered onnanotechnology.

With the ability of the phone to take on a variety of shapes and sizes, mostpeople may not need to change phones so often as they currently have beendoing so every 1.5 years on average. According to Nokia, it would take seven

years before Morph phones are available at consumer markets.

The Morph concept technology carries numerous interesting features forfuture mobile devices.

1. Newly-enabled flexible transparent materials blend more seamlessly withthe way we live.

2. Devices become self-cleaning and self-preserving.3. Transparent electronics offering an entirely new aesthetic dimension.4. Built- in solar absorption might charge a device, whilst batteries become

smaller, longer lasting and faster to charge.5. Integrated sensors might allow us to learn more about the environment

around us, empowering us to make better choices.

In addition to the advances above, the integrated electronics would costless and include more functionality in a much smaller space, even as interfacesare simplified and usability is enhanced.

Mobile phones like Nano Morph certainly depict the upcoming NanoTechnology and it will surely be a front-runner in the use of various gadgets and

technologies be it Computers, Air Conditioners, Robots, Cars or like this one vizMobile phones and smartphones.


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CHAPTER 2

THEORY

2.1 Concept of morph

Morph is a concept that demonstrates how future mobile devices might bestretchable and flexible, allowing the user to transform their mobile device intoradically different shapes. It demonstrates the ultimate functionality thatnanotechnology might be capable of delivering: flexible materials, transparentelectronics and self-cleaning surfaces. Dr. Bob Iannucci, Chief Technology

Officer, Nokia, commented: "Nokia Research Center is looking at ways toreinvent the form and function of mobile devices; the Morph concept shows

what might be possible".

Figure 2 Phone Mode Snap

2.2 Applied technology used

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology may one day lead to low cost manufacturing solutions, andoffers the possibility of integrating complex functionality at a low price.


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Nanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobiledevices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity.Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, andeven fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems. Professor Mark

Well and, Head of the Department of Engineering's Nanoscience.

Group at the University of Cambridge and University Director of NokiaCambridge collaboration added: "Developing the Morph concept with Nokiahas provided us with a focus that is both artistically inspirational but, moreimportantly, sets the technology agenda for our joint Nanoscience research that

will stimulate our future work together." Nano Technology has evolved as an alltogether different technology area in the mobile world. Mobile phones areadvancing at a great and faster pace than never before and Nokia Morph is truly

a mobile wonder. This phone has been developed by Nokia Research Center andthe University of Cambridge. Mobile phones like Nano Morph certainly depictthe upcoming Nano Technology and it will surely be a front-runner in the use of

various gadgets and technologies be it Computers, Air Conditioners, Robots,Cars or like this one viz Mobile phones and smartphones. Nokia Morph is trulyan absolutely wonderful gadget with flexible bending and wearing options andsurely the best in the gadgets segment from the house of Nokia. Wonder what

will be next from Nokia,Worlds leader in the Communication segment.

It would also feature self-cleaning to prevent wear and tear based onnanostructures called Nano flowers which do not absorb liquids or retainfingerprints. The Nokia Morph phone would also include a detachable speakerthat could clip onto the ear or connect to the phone as a speaker. In addition,the battery is solar powered with built inself-charging high density solarcharging modules called Nanograss which are capable of recharging faster thanany other battery solution.

Morph phones would have Nanosensors to inform users of wireless

environments and enable them to make choices on the available wirelessnetworks. The phones would also be able to analyze the pollution levels of theenvironment and monitor the users surroundings.

2.3 Various nanotechnologies used

2.3.1 Nano-enabled energy

Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device willbecome a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures that

harvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storage


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materials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker torecharge and able to endure more charging cycles.

2.3.1.1 Enhanced energy harvesting and storage

2.3.1.1.1 Enhanced energy density batteries

Nanostructured electrodes for very low equivalent series R energy sources New electrolyte solutions (ionic liquids) for safe and high power batteries. Deformable and bendable structures.

Figure 3 10 nm Anion and Cation for battery2.3.1.1.2 Supercapacitors

Nanoenhanced dielectrics for separator and high power capacitors Ultra thin flexible structures, for ultimately distributed energy storage,

and integration with battery structures.

2.3.1.1.3 Solar cell research

Nanowire solar cells using nanowire networks. Silicon solar cell production for emerging markets as primary power

Source.

2.3.2.1 Nanoscale benefits

The Huge Array of parallel sensors that can be either independently or


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collectively measured

New sensor signal processing paradigm New materials that can be used to improve sensors characteristic Stability,

resolution, reliability & response time.

2.3.2.2 Our research focus

Nanoresonator based optical sensors ZnO nanowire base stain sensors New signal process method used for nano base computing


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CHAPTER 3

FEATURES AND CHARACTERSTICS

3.1 Flexible & Changing Design

Nanotechnology enables materials and components that are flexible,stretchable, and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are woven into a threedimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures. Using the sameprinciple behind spider silk, this elasticity enables the device to literally ch angeshapes and configure itself to adapt to the task at hand.

Figure 4 Various Shapes of Nokia Morph

A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itselfergonomically to being used as a traditional handset. An unfolded larger designcould display more detailed information, and incorporate input devices such askeyboards and touch pads.

Even integrated electronics, from interconnects to sensors, could sharethese flexible properties. Further, utilization of biodegradable materials mightmake production and recycling of devices easier and ecologically friendly.


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3.2 Self-CleaningNanotechnology also can be leveraged to create self-cleaning surfaces on mobiledevices, ultimately reducing corrosion, wear and improving longevity.Nanostructured surfaces, such as Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, andeven fingerprints utilizing effects also seen in natural systems.

Figure 5 Nano flowers Zoom snap

Ananoflower, in chemistry, refers to a compound of certain elements thatresults in formations which in microscopic view resemble flowers or, in some

cases, trees that are called nanobouquets or nanotrees. These formationsnanometers long and thick so they can only be observed using electronmicroscopy Nanoflowers naturally repel water, dirt, and even fingerprintsutilizing effects also seen in natural systems. That is why it is used for selfcleaning purpose. Zinc oxide changes resistance when molecules of ethanol

vapour stick onto it in a process called adsorption. The flower- like structureswork at lower temperatures because their tiny size enhances adsorption. Eachflower is made up of bundles of nanorods 15nm wide. They were made byblasting a zinc-containing solution with ultrasound.

3.3 Advanced Power Sources

Nanotechnology holds out the possibility that the surface of a device willbecome a natural source of energy via a covering of Nanograss structures thatharvest solar power. At the same time new high energy density storagematerials allow batteries to become smaller and thinner, while also quicker torecharge and able to endure more charging cycles.


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Figure 6 Nano Grass for solar cell

3.4 Sensing The Environment

Nanosensors would empower users to examine the environment aroundthem in completely new ways, from analyzing air pollution, to gaining insightinto bio-chemical traces and processes. New capabilities might be as complex as

helping us monitor evolving conditions in the quality of our surroundings, or assimple as knowing if the fruit we are about to enjoy should be washed before weeat it. Our ability to tune into our environment in these ways can help us makekey decisions that guide our daily actions and ultimately can enhance ourhealth.

ZnO exhibits an unusual combination of properties, including uniaxialpiezoelectric response and n-type semiconductor characteristics. Nokia isexploiting these qualities to achieve strain-based electromechanicaltransducersideal for touch-sensitive (even direction-sensitive) surfaces.


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Figure 7 Sensing surfaces using piezoelectric nanowire arrays

Arrays of ZnO nanowires can be fabricated at low temperatures (roughly70-100C), providing compatibility with polymer substrates, such aspolyethylene terephtalate (PET). By coating a substrate (silicon, glass, or PET)

with an array of these ZnO nanowires, the electrical signals on the surface canbe activated by mechanical force. Since ZnO nanowires and nanoparticles arenearly transparent, this technique can be used to develop compliant, touch-sensitive, active matrix arrays that sit on top of displays or other structuralelements.

3.5 Stretchable and flexible electronics

Nokia are developing thin-film electronic circuits and architecturessupported on elastomeric substrates which are robust enough to allow multi-directional stretching. Nanotechnology enables materials and components thatare flexible, stretchable, transparent and remarkably strong. Fibril proteins are

woven into a three dimensional mesh that reinforces thin elastic structures.This elasticity enables the device to literally change shapes and configure itself

to adapt to the task at hand. Thus nanoscale structure of the electronics enablesstretching .

A folded design would fit easily in a pocket and could lend itselfergonomically to being used as a traditional handset. An unfolded larger designcould display more detailed information, and incorporate input devices such askeyboards and touch pads.


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Figure 8 Stechable electroni cs of Morph

A nanoscale mesh of fibers similar to spider silk controls the stretchingwhen device is folded. ZnO nanowires act as flexible tactile arrays that enablethe flexible ability of Nokia Morph. Arrays of aligned zinc oxide nanowiresgrown hydrothermally from zinc salt precursor on the surface of substrates (atroughly70100 C) are used here.

3.6. Transparent electronics

The whole electronic circuit inside Nokia Morph is entirely transparent.Nanoscale electronics becomes invisible to human eye. The major platform fortransparent electronics came into existence with the introduction of transparentresistive random access memory (TRRAM) developed by KOREAN ADVANCEDINSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KAIST).

By integrating TRRAM device with other transparent electroniccomponents a total see through embedded electronic system could bedeveloped. TRRAM records data by changing the resistance of a metal oxidefilm known as resistive RAM.


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CHAPTER 4

1.Advantages Stretchable and flexible electronics. Transparent electronics. Self-cleaning surfaces. It can sense its surrounding environment. It draws power from the sun for recharging.

2. Limitations The initial manufacturing cost is very high. The expected market price is around rs 60000. Conventional dsscs provides instability related to solvent leakage and

evaporation.

Stretchable batteries have not yet being discovered.3. Future scope

The shapes could be made much simpler like in ring shape. Morph in open mode could act as a keyboard for pcs.


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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION

According to the developers, using nanotechnology can lead to low costmanufacturing solutions as well as adjustable, empowering devices, bringing usnew, versatile possibilities. These mobile devices will be flexible, stretchable andshape changing, so that they can be easily integrated in our everyday routines

without special adjustments on our part. Unfortunately, it might take close to adecade until the elements of Morph might be available for integration intohandheld devices.

Nanosensors would raise the awareness of mobile devices' users to theenvironment in a new way. When air pollution or bio-chemical traces andprocesses are right before our eyes, we will not be able to ignore them. It willalso enhance our natural abilities and ease our daily decisions even on smallmatters such as whether or not to wash a certain fruit before eating it.


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REFERENCES

Website:I. www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk

II. www.inac.purdue.eduIII. www.research.nokia.com/projects/nanosciencesIV. www.nokia.com/A4852062V. www.youtube.com

VI. www.wikipedia.com
http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk/http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk/http://www.inac.purdue.edu/http://www.inac.purdue.edu/http://www.research.nokia.com/projects/nanoscienceshttp://www.research.nokia.com/projects/nanoscienceshttp://www.nokia.com/A4852062http://www.nokia.com/A4852062http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.youtube.com/http://www.nokia.com/A4852062http://www.research.nokia.com/projects/nanoscienceshttp://www.inac.purdue.edu/http://www.nanoscience.cam.ac.uk/

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