seminar trial

7/31/2019 Seminar Trial

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BIO-FUELS AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS

FOR FUTURE TRANSPORTATION

Presented by :-

Prof. B.P.Pattanaik

Assistant ProfessorDept. of Mechanical Engg.

GITA, Bhubaneswar


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What is Biodiesel?


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Advantages of Bio-Diesel

Alternative fuel for diesel engines

Made from vegetable oil or animal fat

High flash point (>300F), Safer for Storage

Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic

Lower Green House Gas Emissions

Carbon Neutrality


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Comparison of Fuel Property

Fuel Property DIESEL BIO-DIESEL

Heating Value (kJ/kg) 42,900 41,700

Viscosity (mm/s) 4.3 (at 27C) 4.86 (at 27C)

Density (kg/Lit) 0.815 (at 15C) 0.8824 (at 15C)

Cetane Number 47 49

Flash Point (C) 58 260

Sulphur Content (%) 0.01 < 0.01

Carbon Residue (% by

weight)

0.35 0.05

Pour Point (C) -10 -12

Cloud Point (C) -6 -4


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Reasons for Promotion of Bio-Fuels

Contribution to the Energy Security Policy

Environmental Concerns

Foreign Exchange Savings Socio-Economic Issues Related to Rural Sector

Greater Use of Renewable Energy

Less Green House Gas Emissions


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Bio-Fuel Sources

BIOETHANOL

Wheat

Maize

Sugar Cane

Potatoes

BIODIESEL

Rapeseed

Soyabean

Jatropha

Karanja

Sunflower

Palm

Ricebran

Nahar


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Classification of Bio-Fuels

BIO-ALCOHOLS

Biomethanol

Bioethanol

Biopropanol

Biobutanol

BIO-DIESEL

JOME

NOME

KOME

CSOME

POME


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Flow Chart for Production of

Bio-Methanol

CARBOHYDRATES(CHO)n

Drying & Crushing into Powder

Gasification & Partial Oxidation with O & HO at

1250 K Results Mixture of Gases: H, CO, CO, HO

Catalytic Synthesis : CO + 2H CHOH

BIOMETHANOL


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Flow Chart for Production of

Bio-Ethanol

Cereal Grain or Straw

Course Powder Flour

Acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation

Crude Alcohol Undergoes Dehydration

BIOETHANOL


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The Transesterification Reaction


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Result Obtained During

Transesterification of Palm Oil


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Composition of Neat Vegetable Oil

97% Triglycerides

2% Di & Monoglycerides

1% Free Fatty Acids (FFA)


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What is Transesterification?

Transesterification is an equilibrium

reaction between Triglycerides of the

Vegetable Oil & Methanol in presence

KOH/NaOH as Catalyst to produce MethylEsters or Vegetable Oil Esters where as

Glycerol is produced as a by product.


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World Energy Scenario

Oil

Coal

Gas

Nuclear

Renewables

34%

24%

21%

7%

14%


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[2] Pramanik K. Properties and use of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in

compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy 2003;28:23948.

REFERENCES

[1] Agarwal AK. Vegetable oils versus diesel fuel: development and use of biodiesel in

a compression ignition engine. TERI Inf Digest on Energy 1998;8:191

204.

[3] Agarwal AK. Biodiesel for CI engines: an obvious choice for next millennium. In:

Proceedings of the 12th international congress and exhibition on research and

development. R&D Vision 21st Century, 1516 January 1999.

[4] Agarwal AK, Das LM. Biodiesel development and characterization for use as a fuel

in compression ignition engines. Trans ASME 2001;123:4407. ARTICLE IN Press.


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Different Bio-Diesel Blends

B10 (10% Bio-Diesel + 90% Petro Diesel)

B20 (20% Bio-Diesel + 80% Petro Diesel)

B50 (50% Bio-Diesel + 50% Petro Diesel) B100 (100% Bio-Diesel + 0% Petro Diesel)


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Properties of Different Vegetable Oils


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Economic Analysis for Bio-Diesel

Production


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Expetimental Set-up to Conduct Performance Test using Bio-Diesel


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Fuel Properties of Different Bio-Diesel Blends


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Transesterification Process


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What is Biodiesel?

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to

the conventional Diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be

produced from Straight Vegetable Oil, Animal

Fats & Waste Cooking Oil. The process used to

convert these oils into Biodiesel is called

Transesterification.


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Transesterification Methods

Base Catalyzed Transesterification

Direct Acid Catalyzed Transesterification

Conversion of SVO to its Fatty Acids & then toBiodiesel

The Base Catalyzed Transesterification is

the most suitable & economical method for

production of Biodiesel with 98% conversion

yield.

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