Dept. of Psychology, Kwantlen Polytechnic UniversityOER Research Fellow, Open Education Group

Faculty Workshop Facilitator, Open Textbook Network

Rajiv Jhangiani, Ph.D.

@thatpsychprof

Serving SOCIAL JUSTICE &PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION throughOPEN EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES

Unless otherwise notedthis presentation is licensed CC BY 4.0

“higher education shall be equally accessible to all”

Source: Canadian Federation of Students, Funding for Post-Secondary Education (2013)

Source: Ontario Public Service, University Funding Model Reform Consultation Paper (2015)

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average BC student debt in 2011 was $29,497

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

"Kids Giving you problems? Hire an Elephant" by peasap is licensed under CC BY 2.0

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average BC student debt in 2011 was $29,497

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

Source: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• BC students now work 180% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• ON Students now work 173% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• ON Students now work 173% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

• Half of Bachelor’s degree graduates rely on student loans

• In Sept. 2010 Federal student loan debt surpassed $15 billion

• Average student debt in Canada is $28,495

• 3 years after graduating, only 34% are debt free

• ON Students now work 173% more hours than they did in 1975 to pay for PSE

• When debt reaches $10,000, program completion rates drop from 59% to 8%

• The cost of textbooks has risen by 1041% since 1977

open.bccampus.ca

What can YOU do?

• Survey your student body• #textbookbroke campaign• Presentations • Utilize visuals, create displays• Speak directly to faculty & admin• Suggest that faculty review a textbook• Showcase examples• Form a student-led OER group• Connect. Collaborate.

Buy used (if possible)Buy onlineResell (if possible)RentShared purchase(Inter)library loansPhotocopyInternational editionOld edition

– University of Minnesota student

“I figured French hadn't changed that much”

60% do not purchase textbooks at some point due to cost

39% illegally download textbooks due to cost

35% take fewer courses due to textbook cost

35% choose not to register for a course due to textbook cost

22% have dropped a course due to textbook cost

Source: Jhangiani (2016)

A survey of post-secondary students across 12 universities & colleges

There is a direct relationship between textbook costs and student success

"Crazy Stunt" by Ross G. Strachan is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

"circa 1890 - Hamlin's Wizard Oil" by clotho98 is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0

"'THAT WAS EASY!'" by joepopp is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Retain Redistribute

Revise Remix

Reuse

Source: David Wiley, http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221 March 5, 2014, CC-BY

open = free + permissions

Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

rijksmuseum.nl

gutenberg.org

$32M saved in 2 years+ $25M in 2015-2016

openstaxcollege.org

open.umn.edu

open.bccampus.ca

open.bccampus.ca

Source: Creative Commons, 2015 State of the Commons report

But what about quality?

open.bccampus.ca

Faculty Reviews

291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY

"Opening the Curriculum: Open Education Resources in U.S. Higher Education, 2014" by I. Elaine Allen & Jeff Seaman, Babson Survey Research Group is licensed under CC BY 4.0

80% 75%

Those who have adopted OER rate the quality of OER as significantly higher: F(1, 35) = 7.88, p = .008, = 0.18 (Jhangiani et al., 2015)

http://bit.ly/BC-OER-report

But what do students think?

Below average3%

Average20%

Above average34%

Excellent43%

HOW WOULD YOU RATE THE QUALITY OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?

Strongly agree6%

Slightly agree12%

Neither17%

Slightly disagree15%

Strongly disagree50%

WOULD YOU HAVE PREFERRED A TRADITIONAL TEXTBOOK?

Jhangiani (2016)

HOW IMPORTANT TO YOU ARE THE FOLLOWING FEATURES OF YOUR OPEN TEXTBOOK?

Shareability

Permanent retention

Option to print

Convenience/portability

Immediate access

Cost savings

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

12.6

6.7

9.6

7.8

2.9

1

13.6

22.1

15.4

4.9

1

1.9

31.1

20.2

21.2

16.5

10.6

9.6

21.4

26

21.2

32

36.5

26.9

21.4

25

32.7

38.8

49

60.6

Not important at all Of little importance Of average importanceVery important Absolutely essential Jhangiani (2016)

I would not have bought the text book for this course because it's an elective. I would have possibly walked away with a C, now I might actually get an A-

It is easily accessible and convenient. Material is easy to understand and follow

I personally really like the convenience of having the complete set of chapters on my computer and even accessible from my phone if I need it. I like that I don't have to lug around another text book

It's free and it's a great money saver

11 Peer Reviewed Studies

http://openedgroup.org/

48,623 Students

http://openedgroup.org/

93% Same or Better Outcomes

http://openedgroup.org/

Fischer et al. (2015)

• Quasi-experimental design• Propensity-score matched groups• 16,727 students taking 15 courses at 10 institutions• OER students:

• Lower withdrawal rates• More likely to pass with a C- or better• Higher course grades• Enrolled in more courses (current & subsequent semesters)

Fischer, L., Hilton, J., Robinson T. J., & Wiley, D. (2015). A multi-institutional study of the impact of open textbook adoption on the learning outcomes of post-secondary students. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 27(3), 159-172. doi:10.1007/s12528-015-9101-x

openedgroup.org/review

"Evidence" by Bill Selak is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

Jhangiani et al. (2015)

Jhangiani, R., Dastur, F., LeGrand, R., & Penner, K. (2015). Introductory psychology textbooks: The roles of online vs. print and open vs. traditional textbooks. Presentation at the 2015 Open Ed Conference.

Exam 1 Exam 2 Exam 30

102030405060708090

100Traditional

Open Print

Open Digital

Perc

ent C

orre

ct

p < 0.05 ns ns

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Commercial

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

“Mad” “Glad”

“Sad” “Rad”

Cost

Completing with C or Better

Commercial

OER

Student Success per Dollar

0 100%

$200

Cost savings

Access

Portability

Course performance

Adapt, update, & remix

Enrolment

Student retention

Program completion

The Z-DegreeREMOVING TEXTBOOK COSTS AS A BARRIER TO STUDENT SUCCESS THROUGH AN OER-BASED CURRICULUM

Decreased cost to graduate by 25%

Increased pedagogical flexibility

Improving Course Throughput Rates and Open Educational Resources: Results from the Z Degree Program at Tidewater Community College

Hilton, Fischer, Wiley, and Williams

Accepted International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning

Course Throughput Rate

IRRODL (in press)

Drop Deadline

WithdrawDeadline

FinalGrade

Students

Commercial vs OER

2.3% | 1.8%

9.9% | 8.1%

68% | 74%

(Face to Face)

Drop

Withdraw

C or Better

IRRODL (in press)

Commercial vs OER

4.0% | 1.4%

13.7% | 13.1%

66% | 70%

(Online)

Drop

Withdraw

C or Better

IRRODL (in press)

RESEARCH ESSAYS.I CAN WRITE RESEARCH ESSAYS

"Recycling Water Bottles" by Mr.TinDC is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

• >8,500 Psychology articles

• Viewed >64,000 times every six months

• ~63% have gone through Wikipedia’s peer assessment

• ~9% have achieved “good article” status

Benefits

• Achieve deeper understanding of the topic (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)

• Evaluate and defend credibility of sources (Marentette, 2014)

• Write more concisely and think more critically (Farzan & Kraut, 2013)

• Collaborating with students from around the world (Karney, 2012)

• Provide and receive constructive feedback (Ibrahim, 2012)

• Enhance digital literacy (Silton, 2012)

• Communicate ideas to a general audience (APS, 2013)

14,000

35,000

92%

Students who have taken on Wikipedia assignments since 2010

New articles that students have created

Instructors who say they will, or plan to, teach with Wikipedia again

PM4ID

"GB Airways A320" by Tony Evans is licensed under CC BY-ND 2.0

Where Social Justice Meets Innovative Pedagogy

rajiv.jhangiani@kpu.ca

@thatpsychprof

slideshare.net/thatpsychprof

"Open Textbook Summit 2015" by BCcampus_News is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0