SSeessssiioonn88..NNeexxttGGeenneerraattiioonnSSoollaarrPPhhyyssiiccssMMiissssiioonnssppeecciiaallsseessssiioonn (17:35-18:40)

• Purpose:Sharethelateststatusamongthecommunity

1. TheNGSPM-SOTreportandJapanesecontributionstotheNGSPM T.Shimizu(JAXA)

2. UScontributionstotheNGSPMD.McKenzie(NASA)

3. Questionsanddiscussions

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SSeessssiioonn88..NNGGSSPPMMsspplliinntteerrsseessssiioonn

Wednesday,12Septemberfrom17:50to18:50Purpose:UnderstandthemissionplansandconsidercoordinationamongthemissionstoachieveNGSPMsciencegoals.1. Solar-C_EUVSTS.Imada,H.Warren2. MUSET.Tarbell3. FOXSI H.Hudson4. PhOENiX S.Ishikawa5. DiscussionsforcoordinationledbyD.McKenzie

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TheNGSPM-SOTreportandJapanesecontributionsto

theNGSPMconcept

Toshifumi SHIMIZUISAS/JAXA,Japan

shimizu@solar.isas.jaxa.jp

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Hinode 1210-13September2018

@Granada,Spain

NextGenerationSolarPhysicsMission–ScienceObjectivesTeam(NGSPM-SOT)• A studyteamwasformedasameansofimprovinginternationalcoordinationinsolarphysics,anddevelopingamultilateralsolarphysicsmissionconceptforthenextdecade.

• MotivatedbytheoriginalSolar-Csituationhappenedin2015.

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• ThisadvisoryteamwascharteredbyNASA,JAXA,andESAinJune2016.

• DevelopedanddocumentedscientificobjectivesandprioritiesforanNGSPMconcept• withintheresourcesandframeworkbytheagencies.• withcommunityinputs,viawhitepapers

• TheNGSPM-SOTfinalreportwasdeliveredtotheagenciesinJuly2017.

http://hinode.nao.ac.jp/SOLAR-C/SOLAR-C/Documents/NGSPM_report_170731.pdf

NGSPM-SOTmembersNASAappointedMembers• DavidMcKenzie,NASA,MarshallSpaceFlightCenter• TedTarbell,LockheedMartinSolarandAstrophysicsLaboratory• JohnRaymond,SmithsonianAstrophysicalObservatory• SarahGibson,High-AltitudeObservatory

ESAappointedMembers• LuisRamonBellot Rubio- Instituto deAstrofisica deAndalucia,Spain• MatsCarlsson - UiO InstituteofTheoreticalAstrophysics,Norway• Lyndsay Fletcher- UniversityofGlasgow,UK• SamiSolanki- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung,Germany

JAXAappointedMembers• KiyoshiIchimoto,KyotoUniversity/NAOJ• Kanya Kusano,NagoyaUniversity• HirohisaHara,NAOJ• Toshifumi Shimizu,ISAS/JAXA,teamchair

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Expertsaddedlaterforassessinghelioseismologyrelatedobjectives• LaurentGizon,Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung,Germany• TakashiSekii,NAOJ

TwovenuesofscientificobjectivesPhysicalmechanisms

onelemental(small)scales

Global-scaleprocessesaffecting/involvinglargefractionsofatmosphere

à Global,multi-vantageobservationsà Probingbeyondthecurrentresolution

Fromhighlatitude

AwayfromSun-Earthline

(c)NASA/MSFC

Chromospheric spicules

Coronalstructures

Sunspot

chosenfornear-termNGSPM2018/5/24 6

I.Formationmechanismsofthehotanddynamicoutersolaratmosphere

I-1.Formationofchromosphericfine-scalestructures&influence

I-2.Testnanoflare heatingI-3.Testwaveheating

I-4.Roleoffluxemergenceinheating

I-5.Sourcesofsolarwind

I-6.Formationofprominences

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II.Mechanismsoflarge-scalesolareruptionsandfundations forprediction

II-1.Measureenergybuild-up

II-2.Identifythetriggermechanism

II-3. Evolution&propagationofCME

II-4.Processesoffastmagneticreconnection

II-5.Formationofsunspots

II-6.Particleaccelerationandflareenergytransport

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III.Mechanismsdrivingthesolarcycleandirradiancevariation

III-1.Flowstructuresintheconvectionzone

III-2.Locate&traceglobalmagneticflux

III-3.Quantifyturbulenceinthedynamo

III-4.Mechanismofirradiancevariations

III-5.Explorethedeepinternalstructure

Forthesekeyobjectives,transformativeprogresswouldbemadepossiblewith“global”observationsfromsustained,vantagepointsawayfromtheEarth-Sunline

ButimplementationschemeslikelyexceedtheresourcesavailableforaNGSPMonthetimescaleofthenextdecade.

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Physicalmechanismsonelementalscales

• Inmanysub-objectivesinobjectivesIandII,progresswillbesubstantiallybenefitfromobservationswithincreasedresolution.

• Ahigher-resolutionfocusforNGSPMwillberichscientificallywithgame-changingdiscoveries,asshownbytheresultsofrecenthigh-resolutioninvestigationsasHi-Crocket,IRISandHinode.

• Basedontheresourcesthatarelikelytobeavailableinthenearterm,theSOTrecommends thepathfortheNextGenerationmissionshouldbeprobingelemental-scaleprocesses,usinghighest-everresolution.

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Notionalinstrumentsetforelementalscience

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Higherpriorityofinstrumentsinorderfromthetop0.3”coronal/TRspectrograph(T-9)

0.2”-0.6”coronalimager(T-7)

0.1”– 0.3”chromospheric imagerandmagnetograph(T-4)

0.1”photospheric magnetograph(T-1)0.1”chromospheric spectrograph(T-5)

seamlessplasmadiagnosticsthroughtheatmosphere

Magneticandvelocityfieldsatchromosphere

• A minimumsetofinstrumentswithwhichNGSPMcanaddressthegreatestnumberofsub-objectivesandmaximizethesciencereturnofthemission.

Missionconcepts

1. Largemissiondesign

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2. Constellationofsmall/med-classmissions

• 3instruments(T-09,T07,andT-01/04/05)onasingleplatform.• Opportunity:JAXAstrategicLargemission(戦略的中型)• Significantscientificandoperationaladvantages:launch&

operationssimultaneouslyandintegrated,instrumentdesignoptimized,savethetotalcosts

• Noteasytostarttheproject.

• Toformaconstellationofsatellitestorealize3instruments(T-09,T07,andT-01/04/05).

• Opportunity:JAXAEpsilon(公募型⼩型),NASASMEX/MIDEX• Increasethepossibilitythatsomeoftheinstrumentsarelaunchedas

earlyaspossible.• Scientificsynergylimitedunlesssignificantoverlapinobservingtime

ofthemissions

2010 2020 2030

Hisaki(2013)

#3: SPICA (2029)

BepiColombo (ESA, 2018)

#1: SLIM(2020) #2: Destiny+(2022)

#3(2024)#4 (2026)

Arase (2016)

Hitomi (2016)

JUICE (ESA, 2022)

ATHENA(ESA, 2028) WFIRST(NASA, 2025)

#1: MMX - Phobos/Deimos (2024)#2: LiteBIRD, Solar-Sail, (Solar-C) (2027)

NASA NewFrontiers2016

Strategic Large Missions (300M$ class) for JAXA-led flagship science mission with HIIA /III vehicle(3 in ten years)

Competitively-chosen medium-sized focused missions (<150M$ class) with Epsilon rocket(every 2 year)

Missions of opportunity for foreign agency-led missions (10M$/year)

13

XRISM- Hitomi revival(2020)

Note:1$=100yenNGSPM T-09 (S-C_EUVST)

Including competitively-chosen small-sized missions (sounding rockets, balloons)

JAXAopportunities

No 2nd opportunity of proposal for #2: April 2018

#3(2nd)for2024and#4(1st)for2026launch

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Solar-C_EUVSTEUVHigh-ThroughputSpectroscopicTelescope

• Correspondingto0.3”coronal/TRspectrograph(T-9)• Scienceobjectives:(1)Tounderstandhowfundamentalprocessesleadtotheformationofthesolaratmosphereandthesolarwind,and(II)tounderstandhowthesolaratmospherebecomesunstableandreleasetheenergy.

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• Seamlesstemperaturecoveragefromchromospheretocoronaandflareplasma(17-128nm)

• Highspatialresolution(0.4”)• High-throughput,muchimprovedtemporalresolution(0.5-10s).

AnEUVcoronal/TRspectrographtomeasurehowmassandenergyaretransferredthroughtheatmosphere

Solar-C_EUVSTEUVHigh-ThroughputSpectroscopicTelescope

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• High-throughput,muchimprovedtemporalresolution(0.5-10s).

• ThismissionconceptproposalwassubmittedtoaJAXAcallforcompetitiveM-classmissioncandidatesthisJanuary.

• Oneof6submittedproposals

• down-selectedtoproceedtothenextstudyphase!

• Finaldown-selectionforslot#3(FY24launch)byDec2019• S-JASMINE….Astrometry,down-selectedin2016• Solar-C_EUVST• HiZ-GUNDAM…gamma-rayburstsforstarformationhistoryinearlyuniverseandelectromagneticwavecouterpartsofgravitationalwavesources,down-selectedwithS-C_EUVST

Solar-C_EUVSTEUVHigh-ThroughputSpectroscopicTelescope

• Fordetails,sciencetalksbyShinImada &HarryWarrentomorrow.2018/5/24 16

Length~3.2m

(28cmindiameter)

• JAXA:EUVSTunitstructureandmirrorassembly,spacecraftbus,rocketvehicleandmanagingtheoveralldevelopmentprogram.

• TheEUVSTinstrumentwillbedevelopedasaninternationalcollaborationamongJapan,US,andEuropeancountries.

Notionalinstrumentsetforelementalscience

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Higherpriorityofinstrumentsinorderfromthetop0.3”coronal/TRspectrograph(T-9)

0.2”-0.6”coronalimager(T-7)

0.1”– 0.3”chromospheric imagerandmagnetograph(T-4)

0.1”photospheric magnetograph(T-1)0.1”chromospheric spectrograph(T-5)

seamlessplasmadiagnosticsthroughtheatmosphere

Magneticandvelocityfieldsatchromosphere

Solar-C_EUVSTduringthenextsolarmaximum(2025)

NASASMEXmissionMUSEinphaseA

Spectro-polarimetry:CLASP(UV),Sunrise-3balloon(1m),

ground-basedDKIST(4m)àConsidertore-propose1m-classtelescopetoL-classproposal

opportunity(foralaunchinearly2030’s)

EUVSTwithgoodspectroscopiccapabilitiesandMUSEwithhightemporalresolutionintheirhighspatial(0.4”)resolutionhassignificantsynergy,accordingtotheNGSPM-SOTreport.

PPoossssiibblleeaaddddiittiioonnaalliinnssttrruummeennttssffoorrNNGGSSPPMM

• Next-highestpriorityinstrumentforelemental-scalescienceobjectives

• AdditionofT-10(high-energyspectroscopicimager)• Non-thermalandsuperhotemissionsinflaresandnanoflare heating.

• Twoproposedmissions• FOXSIinphaseAstudyforNASASMEX• PhoENiX (PhysicsofEnergeticandNon-thermalPlasmasintheX-region)conceptproposal…notselectedin2018,butwouldproposeagainfor#4&#5(2026/2028)

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Thesemissionsprovidenon-thermalinformationandwouldcomplementSolar-C_EUVST,althoughlowerspatialresolution.

SSuummmmaarryy• Nextgenerationsolarphysicsmission(s)areeagerlywantedinmiddle2020s.

• TheNGSPM-SOTreporttoJAXA,NASAandESA

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http://hinode.nao.ac.jp/SOLAR-C/SOLAR-C/Documents/NGSPM_report_170731.pdf

• Scienceprioritiesaregiventounderstandingofphysicalmechanismsonelemental(small)scales

• Recommendedthreeinstruments(T-9,T-7,T-4/1/5inorder)asthehighestpriority.

• OngoingeffortsatJAXAandNASAareinvestigatinghowneartermcompetitivemissionsmayformaconstellationtoaddresssciencegoalsofNGSPM.

• Japan-ledSolar-C_EUVSTasT-9.• T-4/1/5

• Ground-basedlargetelescopes(DKIST,ESTetc)