session e : lessons learned from netzeb annex 52 case ... · - double glazing - shade transparency...
TRANSCRIPT
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International Conference TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
Aalborg University (Sydhaven) , Copenhagen, Denmark Tuesday, April 30th, 2013
Session E : Lessons learned from NetZEB Annex 52 Case studies Recommended building solutions
Michael Donn & François Garde Sub Task leaders / SubTask C IEA SHC Task 40 / ECBCS Annex 52 Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings TASK 40/ANNEX 52
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Who we are
Prof. François Garde - Director of Sustainable
Construction Department - ESIROI, Université de la
Réunion - Coordinator IEA NetZEB STC Dr Michael Donn - Victoria University SOAD - CBPR - Coordinator IEA NetZEB STC
http://moyakarta.ucoz.ru/rastr/anti-world-map.jpg
Latitude 40
Latitude 20
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Net ZEB: What is going on ?
IEA Task 40/Annex 52 Towards Net Zero Solar Energy Buildings www.iea-shc.org/task40
Target : Joint international research to advance NZEB to practical reality in the marketplace. Subtask A: Definitions and Implication (Germany/Italy) Subtask B: Design process and tools (Canada) Subtask C: Development of solution sets for different climates, building types and functions (Reunion/FRA, NZ) Subtask D: Dissemination and Outreach (Canada)
7 mandatory criteria: 30 NZEB identified worldwide so far Web data base
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IEA Task 40/Annex 52 : 19 Countries involved Towards Net Solar Energy Buildings
Singapore
IEA – Task 40/Annex 52 : “Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings” 19 countries involved 30 buildings Cooling Challenges;
Heating Challenges; Heating AND Cooling Challenges.
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International Conference TOWARDS NET ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS
Aalborg University (Sydhaven) , Copenhagen, Denmark Tuesday, April 30th, 2013
Pixel Schiestk-Schutzhütte
Sundays Elithis Tower
Green Office
Kyoto Highschool Limeil Brevannes
Pantin primary school
IES Cargese
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ENERPOS Meridian
Daycare in Monheim
Prim. sch. in HohenNeuendorf
Lajon school
Ilet du centre
Solar XXI
CIrce
Marché international
Zero Energy Building at BCA
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Plus Energy houses « weiz » EcoTerra
Riverdale
Plus energy settlement Kraftwerk
Leaf House Lima
Kleehauser
Energy Flex Family Riehen
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The netZEB balance concept
Igor Sartori , Assunta Napolitano , Karsten Voss
Energy and Buildings Volume 48 2012 220 - 232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.01.032
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Monitored data vs design data – Non Res
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Monitored data vs design data – Res
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11
Thermal comfort in hot conditions
• Two main principles: – Solar protection – Cross natural ventilation
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Comfort approach Givoni zones of comfort
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Building climate analysis
• Classify Temperature, Humidity, Solar, Daylight and Wind climates for the
use in generalising Solution Sets
• Initial study - traditional external climate classification did not
account for the non-residential building challenges.
Residential = Heating dominated
Non-Residential = Heating dominated
• Accounts for local climate and building standards
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Climate Analysis
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Site Context
What are solution sets ?
1. Building Challenge Solution Set - The set of solutions used to lower the energy needed by a particular building challenge.
2. Whole Building
Solution Set - The set of solutions used to lower the energy consumption of the whole building.
Design Hierarchy and Solution Sets
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Many ‘Solutions’
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Case Study - Enerpos
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Passive design Solutions • Cross ventilated • Solar shading • Large windows for daylighting
Energy efficiency
Solutions • T5 lightings • Ceiling fans
Renewable Energy Solutions • PV (50 kWp)
ENERPOS on Reunion Island U-values
• Roof : 0,34 W/m2.K • Walls : 3,45 W/m2.K
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BiPV Roofs 370 m²/49 kWp
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Monitoring - Energy use and production
• Energy use (Net Floor Area ; Final Energy) : 14 kWh/m².y
• Production (Net Floor Area ; Final Energy) : 78 kWh/m².y
Consumption is 10 times less than a standard university building in Reunion Island
• Max load: 8 W/m² 4 times less than a standard building
• Mismatch?
ENERPOS is net zero on an annual,
monthly and daily scale
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Comfort approach
Maximum allowable indoor temperature with natural ventilation and ceiling fans => 30°C
100% 97% 92% 93% 90% 93% 77% 45%
Comfort > 80% Comfort < 80%
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POE - User feedback
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6 case studies
Canada to Brisbane Denmark to Reunion Island Melbourne to Oslo Lisbon to Santiago Wellington to Roma Reunion Isl. to Christchurch
Solution set identification – Performance Sketch: major design ideas? – Change Climate – new solution set(s)?
Givoni Comfort Analysis – BEES template based EnergyPlus models
Performance Sketch Energy Analysis – BEES template based EnergyPlus models
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PIXEL in Melbourne
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Passive measures • Cooling:
• Green Roof • Solar shading • Natural Ventilation • Tinted glass
• Heating:
• Heat recovery ventilator
• Daylight systems:
• Exterior fixed solar shading
The BUILDING
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Energy efficiency measures
• Artificial Lighting: 3 W/m2
• Computer Network: 4.2 W/m2
• Plug load: 10 W/m2
• Hydronic in-slab pipework in chilled ceilling
The BUILDING
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Energy Generation
• PV
• Wind
The BUILDING
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PIXEL in Oslo
Melbourne
Oslo
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SOUTH
PV Wind Turbines
NORTH
Glazing
Shading
Night cooling
Insulation
Lighting Power Density & controls
STPV
Orientation
Ventilation
PIXEL in Oslo
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Passive solutions - Re-orient - No night cooling - Double glazing - Shade transparency - Insulation - Natural ventilation EES - Increase lighting power density - Lighting controls RES - PV on the roof - Semi-transparent PV for the shading Estimated NZEB
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Overheating
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Hum
idity ratio (g water/kg dry air)
Temperature (°C)
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With natural ventilation (in summer)
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Energyflex : overall picture
Location : Copenhagen, Denmark 2 buildings with different activities JUST 1 BUILDING STUDIED: family house – 4 people! Net floor area per building: 216m² Ground floor: bedrooms – 1st floor: living spaces
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Energyflex : original solutions set
• Passive design techniques • Volume to surface ratio: 0.55 [1/m] compact! • High insulation:
average Uopaque = 0.1 [W/m²K] Uglazed = 0.75 [W/m²K]
• Energy efficiency technologies • Floor heating coupled with ground source heat pump • Mechanical ventilation with heat recovery and coupled with heat
pump
• Renewable enegy technologies • Fixed photovoltaics • Solar thermal domestic hot water
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Location change
Copenhagen, Denmark
St Pierre, La Réunion
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Climatic conditions Outdoor temperature
Copenhagen, Denmark St Pierre, La Réunion
Heating dominated Cooling dominated
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Not so much comfort in 1m/s zone…we have to go to 2m/s! HIGHER NATURAL VENTILATION AND CEILING FANS!
BASE CASE from DENMARK To REUNION ISLAND
% of comfort (0 m/s) 13%
% of comfort (1 m/s) 56%
Hrs of discomf. (0m/s) 7579 h
Hrs of discomf. (1m/s) 3824 h
Base case : La Reunion
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Energyflex Family in Reunion New solutions set
• Cross natural ventilation, high porosity, • Ceiling fans • Large shading • High insulation of the roof (maintained) • Low thermal mass and low insulation of the
walls • No double glazing, louvres. Change of the pattern but not the shape of the building (life outside!)
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Conclusions Recommended building solutions
• NZEB are narrow buildings for daylighting and cross ventilation
• Air-conditioning can be avoided
• Crucial role of ceiling fans (even for cold climates)
• Comfort, comfort, comfort
• Integration of the role of the users at the early design stage
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Lessons Learned • Aim of Lessons Learned:
– Understand the issues related to the design and technologies of the net zero energy building method
• Interviewed design teams • 7 of the 30 Cases examined:
– Non-residential – Office and Education
• IDP – essential
• Energy Performance must be early goal
• Hierarchy when designing Net ZEBs : Passive Design → Energy Efficiency Systems → Renewable Energy Solutions.
• Energy end-use: office equipment 50%.
• Ceiling fans, instead of active cooling 18-30°C comfort band works in any climate when coupled with natural ventilation and ceiling fans
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Ceiling fans Green Office - Paris