Settlement Planning ProcessProcess involved in settlement planning

1. Identification of a suitable area:

• The process involve different actors who will either be affected direct or indirect like participation of Ward Executive Officers, ‘Mtaa leaders’ and individuals at the grassroots level.

• Purpose: to know the boundaries of the identified area and the existing conditions.

Example of suitable area in the development of 20,000plot project in Dar es Salaam

2. Declaration of the planning areas• The Minister may, by order published in the

Gazette, declare any are of land to be a planning area.

• Declaration of planning area shall be preceded by:

Response at public hearing/public hearings in the area conducted by the planning authority.

Resolution by planning authority recommending declaration of planning area.

Positive recommendation by the regional secretariat of the respective region.

People participation: public hearings

3. Evaluation of existing interests

• The property evaluation agency at the Ministry of Lands, by way of ward Executive officer at the concerned Municipality, goes to the area and evaluate each property. They mark and count each tree, the types of crops and the number of buildings in the area.

4. Effecting compensation payment

• The land owners/occupiers shall be compensated according to the Sec. 12 of the Land Acquisition Act of 1967. and Land Act No. 4 of 1999.

Compensation will be affected as per the compensation schedule and land owners may also be compensated for disturbance allowances.

5. General planning scheme

• The purpose of general planning scheme is: To coordinate sustainable development of

the area so as to promote health, safety, good order, amenity, convenience and general welfare of such area as well efficiency and economy in the process of such development.

To provide physical development of such land.

Example of detailed planning scheme: Part of 20,000 plots DSM

Kisota Layout Plan

Mwanagati Layout Plan

Detailed planning scheme

Survey the land • A subdivision scheme should result

from survey works.• The land should be surveyed so as to

prepare a survey plan• The public or private surveyors could

do the survey.

• Issuing letters of offer• Acceptance of letter of offer• Issuing of and registering a certificate

of Title• Title deed

Construction • Before construction a person with Certificate

of Right of Occupancy has to hire licensed Architect and presents her/his requirement to have a building design in order to obtain a building permit.

• Presentation of completed forms and required documentation to the responsible authority

• Office inspection of the submitted plan ‘s’ and application.

Qn.How do regulatory frameworks affect the

urban poor?

How do regulatory frameworks affect the urban poor?

The present impacts of regulatory frameworks on poor people in urban settlement is generally negative and adversely affected their livelihoods for the following reasons:

• Regulations generally prevent development that meet the needs and budget of the urban poor. Such as incremental development.

• Regulations may also prevent the poor from generating incomes in residential areas.

• Standards are rarely related to costs and are often unaffordable to the poor.

Cont

• Bureaucratic procedures/time consuming and costly.

• Information is often difficult to access especially to non professional.

Example of a Neighborhood designBy Clarence Perry

• In the 1920's, Clarence Perry introduced a concept that he referred to as "The Neighborhood Unit.

• The image below is a sketch published by Perry in 1929 illustrating the relationships between the residential components of a neighborhood and the uses that could easily be traversed to and from by foot.

• 1. Major arterials and traffic routes should not pass through residential neighborhoods. Instead, these streets should provide the boundaries of the neighborhood.

• 2. Interior street patterns should be designed and constructed through use of cul-de-sacs, curved layout and light duty surfacing so as to encourage a quiet, safe, low volume traffic movement and preservation of the residential atmosphere.

Perry enunciated his neighborhood theory and its six basic principles:

• 3. The population of the neighborhood should be that which is necessary to support its elementary school. (When Perry formulated his theory, this population was estimated at about 5,000 persons; current elementary school size standards probably would lower the figure to 3,000–4,000 persons.)

• 4. The neighborhood focal point should be the elementary school centrally located on a common or green, along with other institutions that have service areas coincident with the neighborhood boundaries

• 5. The radius of the neighborhood should be a maximum of one quarter mile, thus precluding a walk of more than that distance for any elementary school child.

• 6. Shopping districts should be sited at the edge of the neighborhood, preferably at major street intersections.

Settlement planning principles fordevelopment

• Location:i. Future urban settlement should be located

predominantly within the agreed growthareas.

ii. Future settlement, should minimize environmental impacts and be sustainable.

• Land suitabilityi. Future development should be located on

land that is suitable for the developmentand capable of supporting the proposed uses.

ii. Planning for future development on land already zoned for settlement but not yet developed should identify the constraints and opportunities of the land. Development should achieve a carefully planned community, respecting environmental, resource and hazard issues.

contiii. Future development should avoid areas of

environmental significance, significant natural and/or economic resource, potential hazard, high landscape or cultural heritage value, or potential increased risk associated with impacts of climate change.

iv. Future development adjoining land with the above values should incorporate buffers as necessary to help protect those values and to avoid future land use conflict.

v. Future development should recognize, protect and be compatible with any unique topographic, natural or built cultural features essential to the visual setting, character, identity, or heritage significance of the area or settlement that it is to be located in.

vi. Future development should reflect high quality design that is compatible with the local and regional attributes which make up the region’s character, such as climate, landscape, history, topography, and existing built environment.

vii. Future development should be designed to ensure there is public access to an adequate supply of appropriately located public open space and recreation areas, to provide for a range of recreational uses and visual amenity.

viii. Future development should contribute to an open space network across the local

government area that is designed to:• encourage and maintain pedestrian

movement and public access to community resources or public places (such as watercourses, beaches etc.);

and

• to reflect each site’s natural features and requirements for drainage and water quality maintenance, and nature conservation and biodiversity protection.

ix. Future development should encourage walkability and allow for easy access to

public places, local shops, services and transport and lead residents to the service

centre.

Infrastructure provisioni. Future development should only be

permitted where it can be provided with adequate, cost effective physical and social infrastructure to match the expected population for each settlement.

ii. Future development should strengthen the efficient use of infrastructure, services and transport networks.

iii. Future development should be designed and located to minimize the need totravel; to maximize opportunity for efficient public transport and pedestrian accessoptions; and to encourage energy and resource efficiency.

cont

iv. Future development should be designed and located to have well connected to different areas.

Employment opportunities

Institutional, Industrial and Commercial land, should be located so that it can be conveniently serviced, is accessible to, and is consistent in scale with the settlement it serves or is planned to serve.

Tourism opportunities

Land use zoning and boundaries establishment

The essence of land use zoning and boundaries establishment

• To identify areas where particular uses may be encouraged through development programmes, services, financial incentives, etc.;

• To identify areas with special needs and problems, as well as areas which require protection or conservation;

• To provide a basis for infrastructural development.