severe weather planning safety

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SE,MINAR WORKSHGPon

MOBILE ELEVATING WORKING PLATFORMSby:

FERNAFID* M. CRISOSTO, OSHC (DOLE-BWC)Registrati*sa # 1G3#-1 12CIS4 A 1-SZegand

SEVERE WEATHER ACTION PLAI\NING SAFETY.by:

LEVI S. ALEJO, OSHC (rIOLE-BWC)Regastrmti*sa # 1 030-1 1 200 111 -0222

Dhahran Palace HotelDhahran, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaJune 24r20ll


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Heat lllness Prevention

SEVERE WEATHER PLAN N INGHeat lllness Frevention

LEVI S. ALEJO, REE, oHScPSSP-MER

PSSP-MER. Levi Severe WeatherPlanning & Contrcl.Y2K1 l

Training Goals. lncrease awareness and commitment to

safety and health at the work site.Review heat illness prevention andregulatory req ui rements.

PSSP-MER-Levi Severe WealherPlanning & Control.Y2K11

2010 Employer Training


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/20 1 0 Erhployer Training

Don't Take the Risk!-leat kills... vour business! ln the U.S.A.. 15 jobsites were shut down in 2009 forimminent hazards due to heat. Nearly 5 2 million in penalties and 1158citations issued in 2009. District Attorneys may review these casesfor criminal activity' Bad press/media attention. 41 confirmed heat illnesses and 1confirmed heat fatality in 2009

PSSP-MER.Levi Sever WeatherPlanning & Control.Y2K11

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Heat lllness Prevention Elementslnclude:

. Access to Water. Access to Shade' Written Procedures lncludingEmergency Response. TrainingPSSP-MER.Levi Severe Weather

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Aeeess ts WaterAceess to sufficientameumts of eooEpotable drinking watershall he available at al!times, wEth at leastome quart peremployee per hour forthe entine shift,. Provided at no cost to theworkers.


Effective R.eplen ish rnentFrocedures. Designate a person(s) toperiodically check the level of

the water containers.. Specify how often the containerswill be checked.

Ensure that the water is scool.

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SERIOUS HAZARD: When the outdoor temperature in the work areaexceed 85 degrees F (29.2'Cl, and no shade is present. YOU RISK ASERIOUS CITATION!IMMINENT HAZARD: When the outdoor temperature in the work areaexceed 90 degrees F (32.2"C1,, and no shade is present. YOU RISKGETTING SHUT DOWN (OBtf)i,ten-revi severe weather

A2010 FmployerTraining

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Heat Illness Prevention


Access to Shade

Locate the shade structure asclose as practicableto the areas where employeesare working.

Have and maintain one or more areas with shade.p e rm it a c cess to s n a'd$#,ftf Hfiiff6ff ","*

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If Tenrperature is BeEow 85uF

When the temperature does not exceed 85degrees F, provide shade or timely access toshade upon request.Planning & Control.Y2K11

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Does the shade structure introduce ahaza rd ?

ln situations where the employer can demonstrate that itis not safe or feasible to provide shade, an employer canutilize established procedures for providing shade uponrequest or, for non-agricultural emplovers, alternativecooling measures that provide equivalent protection.PSSP-MER.Levi Severe Weather

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Written FreceduresAs long as they are effective, yourHeat lllness Procedures ean beintegrated into the CSSPMaintain the procedures on site orclose to the site, so that ii can bemade available to representativesof SAPMT upon request.

PSSP-MER.Levi Severe WeatherPlanning & control Y2K11

Written FroceduresDetail how vour companv will:.Provide access to water & shadeuMonitor the weather.Institute high heat procedures andaddress lack of acclimatization.Train all employees and supervisors.Respond to heat illnesses withoutdelay, provide first aid andemergency services..Provide clear and precise directions tothe worksite.

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g2010 EmployerTraining

Emsure Access to Water &. ShadeDesignate a person to ensure that sufficientquantity of water is provided and shade is openand set in place

Specify that the water and shade be located asclose as possible to the workersSpell out how often refills of water containerswill take placeDetermine how workers will be encouraged tofrequently drink water and use shade

PSSP-MER,Levi Severe WeatherPlanning & Control.Y2K11

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Monitor the kVeatherlnstruct supervisors totrack the weather of thejob site [by monitoringpredicted tempeiaturehighs and periodicallyusing a thermometer.]Determine how weatherinformation will be usedto modify workschedule, increasenumber of water andrest breaks or ceasework early if necessary

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2J10 Employer Training

FIigh !"leat Proeedua"esWhern the tennperature equals or exeeeds95 degrees Fahrenheit or eiuring a heatwaver"make absolutely sure you:

" Ensure effective comrnunicatisn(voice, observation or electronicmeans)o Observe employees for alertness andsigns and symptoms of heat illnessu Give rrlore frequent rerninders todrink plenty of watern Closely supervise new employees,and all workers during a heat wavePSSP-MER. Levi Severe WeatherPlanning& Control.Y2K11

t3?,llg4ry,:. Address Lack of Acclirnatization"'. As an employer, you are responsible for the working

conditions of your employees, so you must acteffectively when conditions result in suddenexposure to heat that your workers are not used to.

. Thus, determine how you will:- lessen the intensity of the employees' work during a two-week break-in period- be extra-vigilant with new employees, and recognizeimmediately symptoms of possible heat illnessPSSP-MER.Levi Severe WeatherPlanning & Control.Y2Kl'1


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lo2010 EmployerTraining

Add!"ess Lack of. During a heat wave orsudden heat spike,determine how you willprotect your workers frornconditions resulting fromsudden exposure to heat

AeclimatizatEon

Remember: training for employees andsupervisors must include the importance ofacclimatization, how it is developed, and howur procedures address it!Planning & Control.'/2K11

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Employee & Supervisor TrainingEnsure all employees andsupervisors:. Are trained beforeworking outdoors inthe heat

Know and follow yourcompany proceduresPSSP-MER.Levi Severe WeatherPlanning & Control.Y2K11


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Emergeney RespomseFrqpeeduresTo ensure that emergencyassistance is providedwithout delay, plan inadvance how you will:

-lm mediately respond tosymptoms of possible heatillness-Contact emergencymedical service providers-Provide clear and precisedirections to the worksite-Ensure that emergencyprocedures are invokedwhen appropriate

PSSP-MER.Levi Severe WeaiherPlanning & Control.Y2K11

Employee TrainingPR.IOR TO WORKING OUTDOOR.S!o The environmental andpersonal risk factors for heatillness

Importance of frequentconsumption of smallquantities of waterImportance of acclimatizationDifferent types of heat illness,common signs and symptoms

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IL2010 EmployerTraining

Employee TralnEngImportance of i nnrnediatelyreporting signs or symptorns ofheat illness to supervisorFrocedures for responding topossible heat !l!nessProcedures to follow whencontacting emergency medicalservices and if necessarytransporting employeesProcedures that ensure clear andprecise directions to the worksite will be provided toemergency medical services

PSSP-MER.Levi Severe Wealher

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What You as a SupervisorNeed to Do:Ensure employees are trained before workingoutdoors in the heatEnsure workers know and follow companyproceduresClosely supervise new employees for the first1-4 daysMonitor the weather at the siteRemind workers to drink plenty of water

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Heat lllness Signs & Symptoms

Heat Exhaq^stioncramps, rapidpulse,headache,nausea,vomiting

ldeat Stroke^


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l42010 Employer Training

THANK VOU

ANY QUESTIONS?

PSSP-MER.Levi Severe \ryeatherPlanning & Conlrol.Y2K11

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En Summary:Heat lllness Prevention Elementslnclude:u Access to water' Access to shade* Written procedures includingemergency response. Employee and Supervisory Training

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FTEAE STRESS CGNTRGS, PLANT$TNGFunpospProvide requirements for recognizing, evaluating and preventing potentialheat-related illrre ss.R.psporssrBrl,rrrps2.1 Site Managemerzt, Supeinrisors and. Forenlen

A. Monitor environmenta-l conditions (e.g., air temperature. relativehumidity, Eoewtdaon:) ,.,t' ', : .

. Schedule ttrethe day. fBetiwzimg awd.the ru.$e.

high intensity manual workto replace manual" labor). activities

a Provide drinking water stations (e.g., coolers with chiiled or icewater) for employees and remind them to drink plenty of water evenif not thirsfy. Replenish drinking water supplies as needed toensure availability and provide more frequent collection of sanitarywastewater from portable toilets.Provide shaded {temaperat&re eontrotrted as naueh. as possible}areas for breaks.D.

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Monitor the heat-related l-,ealth condition of employees, as well asaly engineering/administrative controls ald personal protectiveequipment (PPE) being used.Be able to recognize the early signs and symptoms of heat-inducedillness and take appropriate action to prerrent serious heat illness(see Appendix B).Respond appropriately to any heat-stress il1nesses.{see APPemdax e} -r, i '" "-Conduct periodic {how oftem?} safety meetings/talks during hotweather emphasizing heat-stress hazardsjrand p..qgc4utions, withadded emphasis on this risk during,Rqmadan in',$ meririirtime.Schedule heat-stress training (befone the laot **it3o*o starts) andoversee accrtrnatszation for n woike-isrjrand woi'Iiers returning(during the hot season) from vffion. ''iii.,,, r::r":i;i!. "i;ii,),::,,,,,'r;",ii. r;;i#"Be knowledgeable of "e.pgrgency rjqporting and,iesponse proced.ures,including the location{ ,tS.,erc1oseSlt rnedibal facility with a qualifiedmedical doctor who cai{i'provide,,prOnper tfb.tment for a victim of asevere heat exhaustion or'ti:bqt strO"ke_i:;;r

Begin drinking fluid early in the day.tlothing (e.g., light colored, lightweight, loose

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2.2A.B.

signs/ syrnptoms of heat-relatedSee Appendix B. illnessesdeveloping syrnptoms of heat cramps,See Appendix B.

When the potential for heat-related illness exists, the actual heatindex (see Appendix A) shall be periodically determined (..g., everyhour) at the work site using calibrated weather monitoringequipment provided by the employer (e.g., the contractor company).In the absence of iocal environmental monitoring, air temperatureand relative humidity may be verified at a nearby iocation withinSaudi Arabia from the Saudi Aramco (SA) "Weather Nou/' Web site(see http://weathernow.aramco.com.sa). Use of this Web site shall

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not absolve the contractor comparrJr from the obligation to providetheir own independent weather monitoring equipment.3.2 A yellow, orange or red heat stress danger category, obtained fromthe Heat Index, shall be deciared at the job site when the potentialfor heat-related iilness is signifrcalt (see Appendix A).J.J

3.4

3.5

The heat index shall be used to determine the control measures,includi.ng minimum resting times and drinking water needed (seeAppendix A).The current heat stress danger category and corrbsponding controlrneasures shall be communicated to ernployees (g;g,, .use of color-coded flags, information signs, massi distributioni' ofi SMS mobilephone text messages to site superviSors and othei-personieel in SAnonrestricted areas). {Speeify a speeiffie job position to herespouesible f'or this sgaecif?e :Actlom} t".,,iir,r_it'

4 CorrRol oF I{EATSrRpss.,...,:il;:,,!,.. t'''i.:iii,. """lii::;iiDuring a period of.hrgh heat-stress potential.(i.e., danger category II, III or IV),the following meadili,res to eQntroffieat stress shali be provided. As with anyhazard, feasible eri,'$4eeriii;$ controls are the primary control measnre,followed by a'ilii{inistrativ,p.i:(i#ork praclice) controls and PPE controls, in thatorder of preftence. 't'..].,. ,

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During a period of high heat-s-tresp polential*ffie hazards andcontrols of heat stress-,,sleal1 be ernphaqi"zed with each employee bytheir supervi s or be f'ore:h'b,i Fqar.t of,th e'' day's a ctivity.'Ll:.,):,]ill.:.i1,:tIi.j:rl1il ' .tt irr.t,,itttl,

rii;1,', S"hade {outdoofsl'1,:':::i.:rj:r:rjijr,,:rjii,ri'jri:irjir,lr;ljrir:rii :lr1.ir1;)itrirrir!r:;.r-Shade Sfiall be provided for breaklrest areas. As possible, shade isto be p-.r&ided for work areas. {Previde the sgreeific naaximumdisteiii,Ci6'of the s3aade to tEae aetuaX work area to rrcaintailr tlne2O:1O raCio)" Ideal distarce is 25 meters maximum from anyworker.If the air temperafure is less ti:'an 37 'C (99 "F), fans, portable airmovers may be used to reduce heat stress by increasing the air flowin the work area.

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U. Portable Air Cooling Systems {isaoors}Portable blowers with a buiit in arr chiller shal"l be used as neededto pror.'ide cooling for confined spaces ald similar enclosed worka_reas.

4.2 Adffiei&istrative ControtrsA. Scheduling

As practica-1, work shal1 be performed wherl heat-stress conditionsare at a minimum (e.g., schedule work for the cooler part of theday), especia-lly during the month of, Ramad* if,it falls in theSLlmmef. tt , .

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l',,,,Deliberate acclirnatization shall,o''b,used to expose new employees towork in a hot environment for progressively longer periods. Newemployees in jobs where heat leviils may. produie'heat stress shouldbe exposed to 20% ofi,fioima] exposure;i,roir day one, with a 2O%increase in exposure bach'additional day. (for how many days?

C.continuous or cumulative?) ' ' i. '''

...,.WaterRepta6einent,;.r,r:.. ""i,.Arnple supplies of water and fluids shall be located within a short{Z5azli:walkiiigrdjstance. Workers shall be provided with their ownwater bottle/theirnos and shall drink small amounts of water on afrequent bas-i-s baSed. on the actual heat index at the work site. Seeiapp:ena*,.4,,l.'Sp6r1"j,,drinks (electrolfie solutions) and juices shallalso be made avaltatte as they help to maintain the body's waterand-,sa1t levels'ii owever, workers sha-ll not drink more of theseti.l1lrm#rc:,::tharr:i#Ater. worlers shal1 not take saLt tablets due topotential:.adverse side effects (e. g., nau sea/vomiting, dehydration).Work/Rest Cycles

'ii,;:,:,,r, Periods of work and rest shall be used based on the actual heatr,r:;,,r index at the work site. See Appendix A. Designated break areas for;l i'i"'employees to go to on a scheduled basis and cool off shall beprovided. Fans and sitting a-reas are to be provided so that workerscan sit and cool down.

E. Personal Monitoring and Buddy SystemEmployees shal.l work in pairs or teams and shall observe eachother for signs of diminished capacity and heat-related illness.Prescribed check times and buddy system controls (see Section

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F

13.5) sha11 be used to deterrnine rn'hether a worker is experiencingdiminished capacity or symptoms of heat stress.Red E{eat Stress Danger Category W FrecautiorasThe follou,ing precautions shall be taken whiie a R.ED heat stressdanger category IV, "Extreme Danger" (see Appendlx A) exists at thework site:u A11 work in direct sunlight or at elevated locations (exceptemergency maintenance or rescue operations) sha-l1 be stopped,as well as any other work deemed to be unsafe by contractor sitemanagement or the client.. Work in shade on the ground,', ay U.'t:atto*red to .ontinueprovided that a minimum of ' 10 minutes of break time isenforced after every 20 minutes of work (i.e.,20:10 minute work: rest periods). Workers shall;b9 allowed additional break time asthey deem necessary for th6iitiealrh.','i,li,::,,.,, .,i," Each worker sha1l also diir.rki;one cup., of water every 10$ai$Eates. Each wgfkeSr,phall b'gr pro#idea #itn nls own personalwater bottle/therrrios:(2xfit,gr caf'acityl:and have it with him at ali

'',,':;::,,,,, - r,i,tlii.'iil:o No person sJrall work alone,ioutdo6i'i{., r... : rl' Workg.i's"' wholli;are. faSting during Rarnadare sha1l not workoutdoOr,s whi1eL.,a R.EF heat stress danger category IV exists at

'r,!,$9' *o tklsjte "' ",'i"',1 *. r"siffi clothing (FRC) and other manmade fabrics will'rln,qrgage..,.,heat]stress and is not to be worn by workers in direct,it.ll,1.,ri ...,1i1,iir,';' dUi.trligititri.rwh'ile '4,RED heat stress danger category IV existsitlr (exeept in ernergency provisions or as otherwise required by the,'r,",r, ,,, , .,rSApO). ,,.,,,,r#

,.lri:i,ii},, .,, '':r:i:'r!';"1 'iil"i'i.;' , {:: ..'.:..':.. ' "r.:,,r:G RecovefftTimes

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, : Any;ei'iiployee experiencing symptoms of a heat-related illness (Seeri"'r Appendix B) shall immediately stop work and report it to hisl,,. supervisor. He shal1 then be allowed to fu1ly reco\/er in arr''''i appropriate recovery area before returning to work. Recovery a-reas'rrt'"*hall be shaded and cool. (Specifie loeations andnumber/capaeity of recovery areas in relatiocr to works!.tes andcsumber of lrranpcwer..""the slaade i.s the sacne as the reeoveryarea?!F{. Appropriate pianning and rnitigation measures shall be incorporatedinto the specific work plan (e.g., Job Safety Analysis) for workers

who are fasting during Ramadan if it falls in the summer.

times.

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I. Other Administrative ControlsOther administrative controls shall be used as appropriate to reduceheat stress (e.g., reduce the physical demands of work by usingpowered equipment, increase the number of workers assigned to atask, use relief workers ald limit worker occupancy duration withinconfined areas).

4.3. Fersonal Frotective Equipment (PPE]A. Ice Cooling Garments :, ,.Commercialiy available ice vests shall be prorrided to employees ifnecessa-ry (e.g., for extended work inside a confrned'Spg,ce duringhot weather). ice packets shall be replaced as needed (e.g., every twohours)B. Wetted Clothing

cloth coveralls,work clothes asc. clothing ,j::t:::;:;:; .,,,, iiiL, 'r;,;r:;r".,.. .: i .'.,, . . .. '.-Light co-lojed, li$h.ryeigfii, 1oos61.,,.fitting, breattrable clothing thatcovers as much of.' e body as possible, including tlre head, shatl bewoiti;i{e.g., te,irgdiice radiant heat loading when working in directsunlight). Sinie{ane resista-nt clothins (FRC) arrd other svntheticfaiihcs {e.e., pol+tiSter. nvlon) will increase heat stress. appropriate,;, " plariniiig.,jdfld.r,,mitiiation measures shall be incorporated into therr,, specific work blan {e.g.. Job Safetv Analvsis) for workers wearinq't=,, this clothing inildirect sunlisht. (this rnight be eontradictory to.,, "'@

5 Trai-n|ng"l;;,,", ,;jr.r ''i ',,:::jt'::"'5:r1'' Heat-stress awaJeness training shall be provided at least once aI I r;rl:l ,,.''i:ij.,,, year (preferably eariy April or by May) to all applicable employeesr,rr.:,. (e.q., who work outdoors). (Heat stress cotrld be glossible indoors'' too!)

5.2 Heat-stress awareness training shall include the following elements:. Hazatds of heat stress." Recognition of signs and symptoms of heat stress. See Appendix

B.r First aid procedures for heat stroke and other heat-relatediilnesses.

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Empiol'ss responsibilities in avoiding/responding to heat-relatedillness.Supervisor responsibiiities in avoiding/responding to heat-related il1ness.o Dangers of the use of drugs, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, in hot work em'ironmen'r-s.e What to do during periods of high heat-stress potential.Proper use of engineering and administrative (work practice)controls.

' Proper use of PPE.Measures employees can take to minimize the effects of heatstress (hydration, work pace, helpful nutritional habits, etc.).Personal monitoring and. buddy system controls.

,iiote:Training shal1 emphasize thsf.: -.1 ''streSs can affect ariindividual's abilitylto;rea-sorr c1e,ar1y.,,,This may cause a person tofail to recogrrrze thei.signs;,and sypptoms of heat stress. For thisreason, self-monitoring=,sha11$e augmented by prescribed checktimes and buddy systemli'6rntro1S,ir,ii.,,Chechl,:titttr,s a-re in'tervalSl. at which a heat-stress-trainedsupe4ii-sor oi'itbsewer (includirrg a co-worker or "buddy") checksto see il;ftrere aie obvious symptoms of heat-related illness or iflbere is any,,sense of diminished capacity in himself and his co-workers, rathdr than tuaiting _for s?mptoms to appean

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tsEEtsdts

Appendix AHeat IndexDangerCategory Heatlndex Heat Stress lllness/Symptoms Work:Rest (min.)Period Min. WaterNeeded *

1il. Danger 39-53 Heat cramps, heat eXhauStion or heatstroke like'ly wlth,prolonged,exposure andphysical activity. 30:101 cup every,,1 5 minutes

ll. ExtremeCaution 32-38Heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heatstroke possible with prolonged exposureand physical activity. 40:10

1 cup every20 minutes

* t cup = 250 ml For heat index > 54, stop elevated W,brk &jniork in direct sunlight, etc.

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Note: This table is adapted from "Heat Stress: Improving Safety in the Arabian Gulf Oil and Gas Industry" fromProfessionalSafety: JournaloftheAmericanSocietyofSafetyEngineers,August2008,pages3l-36.

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Apperndix BHeat-Related. Illnesses

1." E{eat CranagasAlthough heat cramps a-re not dangerorts, they are ale-xhaustion afld that the body's ability to cope with heat is earllr 1Y3l'tting sign for heatbeing exceeded.Causes:' Occurs when the body loses too mucho Attributed to an electrolyte imbalanceSymptoms include:. Painful cramping of the muscles (e.g.,. Hot, moist skin.e Siightly elevated body temperature.

salt through sweating-caused by sweating. ' ,i:.:arms, l-"-gq, or stomach).

Treatrnent includes:o Stop activity.e Rest in cooler area.o Loosen clothing." Drink water." If symptorns persist, seek medibdl aid.Another early indication,,that heat-Btfess conditions may be present is the appearanceof heat rash, which''iis an itchy rabh that occurs when the skin becomes swollen aldplugs the sweat glands. This is not a life-threatening condition.

'i ;:li' :;i:tt .t.ll"'-' " t:l a:r.ra ' ' ,: 't:1., ".,.;l2. Eleat Exhaiistion ''.ii:.Heat exhau*tin:,:is tlie bodyrs response to an excessive loss of water ald salt byswea,fn$.' lI"a! exhaustiorrLposbs a higher risk to older employees and those rn'ithcoroiiqry arte,.gy disease,,;ror emphysema (a lung condition causing breathingimpairdlbnt) . 'ri,i '., 1",:':;,;':

'!.!'t,,.::Causes:o Occurs -h"Atir" fluids andlor salt lost in sw-eating are not replaced.e Enlarged surfzice blood vessels.Symptoms include:o Healy sweating.. Intense thirst and cool, moist skin.. Weakness and dizziness." Headache and blurred vision.. Nausea and vomiting.. Pale or flushed appeara-nce.Hear Stress Pianning & Control PSSP-MER.levi.Y2K11

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Mood changes such as irritability or confusion.Rapid pulse.Fainting.Tneatment includes:n Move the victim immediately to a cool place and call for a medical heip.e Loosen the victim's clothing.e Remove unnecessar.v clothing.. Shower or sponge the victim's skin rnath cool wa'r,er.' Drink water or sport drinks that have electroi5,tes (e.g., Gatorade).Notes:i. Heat exhaustion cal rapidly progress to heat stroke if not properly treated. Peoplesuflering from heat exhaustion must not be expected to take care of themselvesbecause they may lack coordination and 'become confused. Heat exhaustionrequires fast response to prevent worsening liea!.-stress problems.2. Remember that sweating only cools the body if ,the sweat evaporates. If it cannotevaporate, it cannot cool. Thus, even.under moderate or cool working cond.itions, itis possible to suffer heat stress if youtare inside'protective clothinglhat interfereswith your body's cooling or working in high-humidity conditions.3. I{eat StrokeHeat stroke is a medical emergency and dbath or permanent tissue damage may occurif treatment is not glven promptly. Collapse is often misinterpreted as a heart attack orhead injury. - :r -Causes: :o Occurs when the body'no ibiiger sweats and holds so much heat such that thebody's system of temperaturd regulation fails and body temperature reachesdangero-us"1e.,119-1s1;;;,,,1:.;..;,i;,,,:r:::;iir.. B.,e,4x. aep,i d bf salt ad-{ watersvnepibms inCude:,,,,,,,,.i,u]" Dry, hot skin with no sweating.. High body temperature (above 4A "C [103 'F]).c Strong, rapif, pulse.. Chiils. 'rili. Weaf


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o Loosen or remo\/e hear.y clothing.o Have the victim lie flat with feet elevated.o Pal and mist the body rn"ith water.o Monitor breathing.o Do not give fluids if the victirn is unconscious.I\otes:1. Sometimes, heat stroke occurs aJter the person has already developed heatexhaustion, but heat stroke can also strike suddeniy with little warning.2. Regardless of the worker'sstroke shall be sent homeapproved such al action.AFFEfDFX C:

protest, no person suspected, of being ill from heator left unattended unless a physician has specificallyR.ECGTWNEESDED EIYtrER.GEIECY RESP@I\YSE F&AI$ . ( 1 O -stg p, SOF}' ''' ' rl'lr:: " l'l:

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The fluid intake required to maintain hydration is determined by the sweat rate which in turnis determined by the work rate and the conditions. Sweat rates vary considerably and increasewith acclimatization. The following recommendations are for the average acclimatized worker,Required fluid intake to maintain hydration during workThe table below shows the fluid intake required to replace sweat at different workloads and conditions.As a general guide, work in hot weather requires an intake of 2 liters every 2-3hours.

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Extreme thermal stress. Essential maintenance and rescue work only.

Workload exceeds TWL. Work-rest cycling must be applied.

High thermal stress. No worker to work alone.

Moderate thermal stress. No unacclimatised worker to work alone.

Low thermal stress. Unrestricted self-paced work.

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* At high workloads and/or high thermal stress, sweat rates exceed l.2Uhr.lncreasing fluid intake much above thislevel is not practical due to gastric discomfort as the upper limit for gastric emptying and fluid absorption is - 1.5Uhr.ln these situations the workload exceeds TWL and even with adequate fluid replacement heat storage will limit worktime as other factors prevent achievement of heat balance.Choice of Fluid Replacement DrinksReplacement of the fluid lost in sweat requires intake of adequate quantities of water and salt. Drinking atmealiimes replaces both and is essential. Remember to encourage workers to:Add a little extra salt to their meals during hot weather, salt tablets are not recommendedDrink water wiih mealsLimit consumption of soft drinks as the sugar conteni is highLimit consumption of caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea, cola) and'energy drinks', as the caffeine may reduce fluidretentionlf workers are sweating heavily between meals, an electrolyte replacement drink is recommended. Replacing saltas it is lost helps the body absorbs and retains the water consumed:

r Sports drinks are high in sugar and often quite acidic which can damage teeth. They are not designed for prolongedconsumption at workr For prolonged consumption, a fluid with 4% or less sugar is recommendedr Appropriate products designed for industrial use are available commerciallyr The suggested schedule is to drink the electrolyte replacement fluid at every second drink (i.e. one for one withwater)r For diabetics or those on sugar restricted diets, medical advice is required on the preferred fluids for rehydration

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Note: This table is adapted from "Heat Stress: improving Safety in the Arabian Gulf Oil and Gas Industry" from Professional Safety: Journal ofthe American Sociely ofSafety Engineers, August 2008, pages 31-36.

Appendix AEleat Index

DangerCategory Heatlndex Heat Stress lllness/Symptoms Work:Rest (min.)Period Min. WaterNeeded *

lll.,Danger.: , Heat Cr:amps,, heat:exhlustion,or:,heat'

-stro ke Jikel14 with'p ro l on ged exposu r:e'an d'physical activity.1'cup bil'ery1'5 minutes

ll. ExtremeCaution 32-38Heat cramps, heat exhaustion or heatstroke possib/e with prolonged exposureand phvsical activitv. 40:1 0

1 cup every20 minutes

* 1 cup = 250 ml ** For heat index > 54, stop elevated work & work in direct sunlight, etc.

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