Sex dependent risk factors of obesity in women

Candice Bolling, PA-S

Advisor, Eileen VanDyke MPS, PA-C

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/papers/st37/stat37.pdf

http://www.4woman.gov/pub/steps/Obesity.htm

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/lec/lec/11/menstural.jpg

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

Fat Ingestion

More pronounced in mice– Activational vs.

organizational

– Testosterone increases feeding

• Frequency

• Meal Size

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

Post Partum Weight Retention

Average of .5-2.4 kg retained

Adolescents and African American women

Weight gain– Snacking– Decreased exercise– Smoking– Weight prior

Timing important

http://www.womenatthesummit.com/1039amazing.jpg

Weight-for-height category

Recommended total weight gain

  kg lb

SOURCE: Institute of Medicine.

Low (BMI 19.8) 12.5–18 28–40

Normal (BMI of 19.8 to 26.0)

11.5–16 25–35

High (BMI 26.0 to 29.0) 7–11.5 15–25

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

Leptin

Hormone excreted by white adipose cells

Females proportionately higher

Feedback to hypothalamus

Many other effectshttp://www-graphics.stanford.edu/~liyiwei/project/fun/mouse_fat.html

Leptin

Female vs. Male – Connected to HPG axis– Feedback system relating energy stores– Estrogen stimulates leptin secretion– Proves adipose tissue is not inert

Leptin

Evolutionary pressures– Female fat storage

• Energy hoarding

– Males increase fitness by: strength, agility, and aggression

http://www.3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=154#

Outline

Introduction

Menstrual cycle phenomenology

Fat ingestion

Post-partum weight retention

Leptin

Conclusion

Conclusion

Female specific risk factors

More work in areas of:– Eating patterns

• Ovulatory patterns

• Leptin

Resist extrapolation

http://www.saludparalagente.org/graphics/female_symbol.jpg

Bibliography

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