sexual reproduction in plants quiz 14a. genesis 1:11-13 11 then god said, "let the earth bring...
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Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Quiz 14A
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Genesis 1:11-13 11 Then God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the earth"; and it was so.
12 And the earth brought forth grass, the herb that yields seed according to its kind, and the tree that yields fruit, whose seed is in itself according to its kind. And God saw that it was good.
13 So the evening and the morning were the third day.
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Review
• genetic variety
• gene pairs
• Diploid
• Haploid
• gametes
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In plants gametes are produced in flowers,
cones, or other special structures.
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Flowers have one primary function for the plant: to produce
seeds for reproduction.
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A flower’s color, shape, and smell is designed by God to help carry out the
flower’s reproductive processes.
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Flowers A typical flower consists of 4 different types of appendages [sepals, petals, stamens, carpels (pistils)].
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Arrangement of flower parts
There may be few or many of each of the four types, but each type usually is positioned on the flower base in the same relative location.
• sepals – outermost
• petals – inside sepals
• stamens – inside petals
• carpels – in the center
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pedicel
the flower stalk; supports the flower
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receptacle
the end of the pedicel that
bears the floral parts and holds the developing
seeds receptacle
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sepalthe leaflike
outermost structure of a flower; usually
green (some exceptions like the tulip – the tulip’s
sepals are the same color and size as its
petals
sepal
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sepal
(collectively called the calyx)
protects the other floral parts as they develop in the bud
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petal
any of the brightly colored leaflike
structures (often the largest and most colorful
parts)
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petal
(collectively called the corolla)
they attract insects and
animals with their showy colors and
sweet nectar
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stamen
the male reproductive part
of a flower
the organ which produces pollen (contains sperm)
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Two parts of the stamen
• Filament
• Anther
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filament
slender, elongated
stalk
bears the anther
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anther
the enlarged structure at the
tip of the stamen (knobby
sac)
produces the pollen
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pollen
each kind of pollen has a
definite shape and surface
texture; many are covered
with spikes or knobs
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Carpels (pistil)
elongated, vase-shaped female reproductive
part of a flower
the central structure in a
flower
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Parts of the Carpel
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
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stigma
the tip of the pistil that
receives pollen (often sticky)
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style
the stalklike structure of
the pistil
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ovary
the swollen base of the pistil that
contains the future seeds
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ovary
The ovary may be superior (above the receptacle) or inferior (within
the receptacle)
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ovules
the future seeds
(contain ova)
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complete flower
one which has sepals,
petals, stamens, and
pistils
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incomplete flower
lacks one or more of the four basic
flower parts
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incomplete flower
example: poinsetta - they lack petals; the bright red structures are special leaves called bracts; all of the plants of the grass family produce incomplete flowers that have bracts instead of petals and sepals.
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incomplete flower
Specific terms are applied to incomplete flowers that lack either stamens or pistils:
• staminate
• pistillate
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staminate
lack pistils and have stamens
(male flowers)
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pistillate
lack stamens and have
pistils (female flowers)
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Incomplete flower example
In Corn:
the tassels are staminate flowers
the ears are pistillate flowers
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monoecious plant
any plants on which staminate
and pistillate flowers are
produced (oaks, walnuts, hickories,
birches)
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dioecious plant
produce staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on another
(willows, poplars, American holly)
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pollination
the transfer of pollen from an
anther to the stigma
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types of pollination
self-pollination: occurs in the same flower or with another flower of the same plant
cross-pollination: from the anther of one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant
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Self-pollination
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Cross-pollination
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after pollination
the fertilized ovum is a zygote that grows into a tiny embryo plant
the ovule develops into a seed (The seed contains the embryo, some stored food, and a protective coat)
the ovary develops into a fruit
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horticulturists
agricultural scientists who specialize in
growing flowers, fruits,
vegetables, and shrubs