7/25/2019 SF-course-6

1/8

66Introduction to SemanticsSpring 2014

Instructor: Adriana Todea

atodea@yahoo.comOffice hours: Thursday 2-3 p.m.

Alpha Centre room

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

2/8

World and time coordinatesWorld and time coordinates

Tense (and temporal adverbials)

is encoded in semantics in time coordinates

Present= t1time of utterance

Past= t2, t2

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

3/8

+i!id and non%ri!id desi!nators+i!id and non%ri!id desi!nators

Rigid designatorsare referrin! epressions &it a continuous

manifestation across &orld and time coordinates" (al&a-s desi!natete same entit-)

Proper names tat desi!nate entities tat ave referents in te actual

&orld are ri!id desi!nators"

Fictional proper names ave incomplete descriptions and lac.

reference in at least one possible &orld, &ic is te actual &orld,

terefore te- ave a discontinuous manifestation across &orld

coordinates &e call tem non-rigid designators"

/ames of substances, or natural penomena are ri!id desi!nators"

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

4/8

Wic of te underlined items are ri!id, and, respectivel-, non%

ri!id desi!nators0 plain &-"

1" amelot .ni!ts searced for te ol- 4rail"

2" Te moon is te natural satellite of te art"

3" Te art is te tird roc. from te 5un"

" '- moter is app-"

7" 8uciano Pavarotti &as an 9talian opera sin!er"

6" Tis rin! is made of !old"

:" 5erloc. olms is a better detective tan Tom 5a&-er"

;" ames ond tal.ed to 5opia 8oren"

>" 05opia 8oren tal.ed to ames ond"

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

5/8

Wic of te underlined items are ri!id, and, respectivel-, non%

ri!id desi!nators0 plain &-"1" Te sun sets in te &est"

2" Water is 2?"

3" Te !irl 4eor!e met -esterda- is 5usan"

" Te mornin! star is te evenin! star"

7" '- uncle is pre!nant a!ain"

6" 5no& is &ite"

:" aesar &as stabbed b- rutus"

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

6/8

Te reference of sentences is teir trut value (T$F)"

@cross &orld and time coordinates some sentences ave a

continuous manifestation (necessarily true$ necessarily falsesentences) or a discontinuous manifestation (contingently

true$false sentences)

1" Te president of A5 is arac. ?bama"

2" Water is 2?"

3" @ &u! is a &u!"

Necessarily true/ necessarily false sentences:

%%a priori necessaril- true$ false (lo!icall- true$false, no evaluation

necessar-)

%%a posteriori necessaril- true$ false (after evaluation)

%%anal-ticall- true (as a result of a definition)

contin!entl- true

a posteriori necessaril- true sentence

a priori necessaril- true sentence

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

7/8

1" Te sun rises in te &est"

2" Te !irl 4eor!e met -esterda- is 5usan"

" Te mornin! star is te evenin! star"

7" '- aunt is pre!nant a!ain"

6" '- uncle is pre!nant a!ain"

:" itler &on te &ar"

;" aesar &as stabbed b- rutus"

>" @ll &omen are female"

5tate te t-pe of te follo&in! sentences

anal-ticall- false sentence

contin!entl- true sentence

a posteriori necessaril- true

sentence

anal-ticall- false

contin!entl- true

anal-ticall- true"

contin!entl- true

contin!entl- false

7/25/2019 SF-course-6

8/8

5tate te t-pe of te follo&in! sentences

1" @ll blac. doors are blac."

11" 'ar-Bs flasli!t is eiter on or off"

12" 'aria is bot a&a.e and sleepin!"

13" @ bacelor is an unmarried man"

a priori necessaril- true"

a priori necessaril- true"

a priori necessaril- false

o& do -ou interpret sentences suc as

1" @ man is a man"

2" '- moter is m- moter"

3" usiness is business"

a priori necessaril- true 0

anal-ticall- true0

contin!entl- true0

anal-ticall- true"