sh 565- instrumentation in communicative disorders spring ‘02
TRANSCRIPT
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SH 565- Instrumentation in Communicative Disorders
Spring ‘02
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Text/Lab Books
• Text: Clinical Measurements of Speech & Voice by RJ Baken
• Laboratory Assignments: Will be handed first day of class and some addendums may be handed out in class in terms of instruction on software to be used.
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Instrumentation & Concepts
• CSL- Acoustic parameters (Frequency, Shimmer, Jitter, Intensity, Formants, Harmonics, Open Quotient)
• Sound Pressure Level- Intensity
• Aerophone- Intensity, Frequency, Subglottal pressure, Airflow, Vital capacity
• Nasometer- Nasalance
• Speechviewer: Therapy for phonology, voice
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Course Design
• Lectures
• Laboratory exercises
• Demonstrations
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Laboratory Assignments
• Handouts in class
• Some labs will involve:
– Independent calculations
– Instrumentation to complete
• 70% of grade
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Quizzes
• Quizzes will be given the presentation week
and the content of each quiz is indicated on
your syllabus.
• 20% of total grade
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Presentation
• Topics are listed on syllabi with number of participants
• Some topics may be changed in advance of the day of the presentation
• All presentations have specific criteria in which to address on syllabi
• 20% of grade
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Why Instrumentation?
• Speech & voice are not a product of physiological processes
• Problem in a speech system is a symptom, not a disorder (Speech subsystems effected)
• Therapy involves getting rid of symptoms
• Must change function…So, must understand system functioning
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How To Assess Symptoms?
• Pinpoint abnormality by listening?
• Sometimes? Most problems lie under the surface.
• Ears not as reliable as you think!
• Perception differs from function
• Auditory system creates a whole picture and we need to assess the parts of speech.
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True Assessment
SpeechAssessment
PhysicalAssessment
Structure
SomaticFunction
Aerodynamics
AcousticsPerceptualFeatures
PhysiologicalAssessment
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Objectives
• How speech production measures are taken accurately.
• Understanding what your data means.
• Being able to calculate measures by hand so you understand what the computer is doing
• Than use the computer!!
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Calibration
• Instruments produce outputs
• Output = numerical value that the transducer is sensing
• Calibration is the process for determining the equivalence between the output of a system and standard units of measurement– Ex. 1cm on a chart is = 0.5 cm H20
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Calibration
• All instruments must be calibrated
• Even commercial instruments have to report
final values in conventional units- Need to
be periodically tested
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Calibration
• Calibration begins with a known value (we measure its output in volts, etc,)
• Inject 500 ml into a spirometer and note the pen movement
• 500 ml of air causes the pen to move 4 cm
• If 4 cm of pen motion = 500 ml what is the value for 1 cm of movement?
• 500 ml = 1cm
4 cm ?
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Calibration
• (500/4) 1= 125 ml
• So, 1cm = 125 ml
• Lab exercises:– Several problems– Calibration of Aerophone for flow &
Nasometer for nasalence
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Oscilloscope
• Makes electrical waveforms and voltages visible on screen
• It allows us to see speech waveforms: Airflow, Pressure, EGG
• Can be computerized or separate module for calibration, etc.
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Reading Oscillograms
• Utilize oscillograms of the acoustic signal to visualize amplitude and time based data– Mean vocal period
– Fundamental frequency
– Peak-to-Peak amplitude
– Segment speech into phones based on their acoustic features
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Reading OscillogramsComfortable Pitch /a/
t (sec)= .0083 Fo (Hz)= 120Amp (volts)= 25
6 cycles in 50 ms50/6= 8.33 ms or .0083 secF0 (Hz)= 1/t (sec)1/.0083= 120 Hz
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Reading Oscillograms
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Reading Oscillograms