REVSCK[ZBN,\[S"F

2005#MNFHMGKG\[PGZG\NPKMBNNKKJPQ

PS\"C:ISBN: 965-7065-33-X

www.kabbalah.infowww.kab1.comwww.kab.tv

Copyright # 2005 by Laitman Kabbalah Publishers127 Ramblewood Lane

Thornhill ONT. L4J 6R3, CanadaAll Rights Reserved

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FGBRPXB,[ZTNG,BHFBEONBKMGNNGPZ,[FCGZB

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NG.BNB,BGJGCNG,BGZTNG.

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[BXNFRCZBKO,[K[NFOCIKR\HPQ,[KKLNGPZ

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[BKQNGIKG\,BHF\GZFKG\ZI[GCFPPXGF,[BKQ

CFIKG\.FKG\PPXGF[BKQCFIKG\,FGBNBKMGN

MD 23

NYCN[GOECZ.PF[BOMQPCIKR\\GZFTNMN

VRKOR[BZNGEZLCTCGEF,PPF[YCNCHPQ[FKF

TSKYC\GZF.FDO[FIKG\RS\NY,BCNFEZLR[BZ

BXNG,MR"N,[FGBKMGNN[P[TPG.[K[HPQ,[PXGF

KG\ZI[GCFP\GZF,FKKRGCHPQ[K[IKG\CFPXGF

GC\GZFBKQNGIKG\.

NMQ"CTKERBENBTSKYCF")VKZG[,CHPQ[NB

TGSYCF(HB\BGPZ\,CHPQ[BKQNGIKG\G[PIF

CTCGEF,BKQNGTXFBIZ\MKBO\VNF.BGNO,CHPQ

F\VNFFGBXZKLNET\,[FGBZ[T.PJTO[BKQ

FGBPZDK[B\FJGCGTGRDFRPXBCTGNO.FDO[FGB

TG[FI[CGRG\,[FGBMQKMGNNFBPKQ,[FCGZBRG\Q

ZYJGCG\,BCNNBMNFPI[CG\[NBEOPF[FGB

TG[F,FOBP\CEZMKTCGEF.

MKCEZMKTCGEFFGB,BOFPI[CFPCKBNKEK

PT[F,FKKRGNKEKFZD[FCBCZKO,[FBCZKOKZDK[G

[FCGZBFGBJGCGPJKC,BHFBCZKOXZKMKONYCN

PHFIKG\G[PIF.GBOBKQNGIKG\,PFPGTKNNGMN

FI[CGRG\,FKG\[BKQFBCZKOBGFCKOT\F,B\

FCGZB,PJTO[RG\QNFOMNJGC.

NMQFGBXZKLNET\,[BOBKQNGIKG\G[PIF

CTCGEF,SKPQFGB[FGBZ[T,P[GO[BKQNGJGC

MR"N.GMNFI[CGRG\BKROBP\,BOFONBPCKBKO

NKEKPT[F,FKKRGNKEKFZD[FCBCZKO,[FBEOKBFC

B\F’,PJTO[FGBFP[VKTJGCGTGRDNFRCZBKO.

H.PFG,FFZDNRT[FJCT[RK,CTCGEF[PT\K\["D

T"KFFZDN[FBEOPZDKNTXPGCBKHFECZ,BH

ME24

FECZFHFRT[FBXNGJCT[RK.NMQBKQ[GOECZ

[FBEONBKGMNNFZDK[CGB\PXKBG\G.HB\

BGPZ\,BUTNVK[BKQNFBEO[GOFZD[FCECZ,

PMNPYGOTNKEKF\ZDNG\CFECZ,FBEOCBNKEK

FZD[F.

GK[NET\[K[FVZ[CKQFCGZBNFRCZBKOCTRKQ

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TOBKHFPXKBG\.PF[BOMQPXKBG\CNKPZDK[,

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\VKSFCKFMNN".

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RTZLNBPK\KG\,BNBMNVKFPZDK[B\FPXKBG\.

HB\BGPZ\,PF[FPZDK[JGTOCG,HFFGBBXNG

BP\.FKKRG,BOFGBPZDK[JTOPZCFPXKBG\,

MNGPZ[FGBPZDK[TXPGCBKHFPXC[FGBRPXB

[ZTNGGSGCNKSGZKOPPXCFHF,FBEOFHFRYZB

CTCGEF[FGBZ[T,PJTO[PZ[KTB\FYC"F,

FKG\[FGBRYZBJGCGPJKC,PJTO[FGBP[VKTZY

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)CZMG\SB(.VKZG[FECZKOFGBMR"N,BG[FGB

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B\FPYGO,GBGPZF’P[VKTCTGNOZYJGC.BGBO

FGBPZDK[GJGTOJTOPZCTGNO,BHFGBZ[T,

MF 25

PJTO[FGBPZ[KTB\FPYGO.

RPXB[FMNRPEENVKFZD[\FBEO.PF[BKQ

MQBXNFCGZBK\’NB[KKLMNBNFFZD[\,MP"[

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NBKFKF".NMQ,MNFTGNPG\GMNF[KRGKO,FOZY

MNVKFPYCNKO,MVKBEOFP[KD.

I.PFG,FCENCKQXNEYEG[F

NXNES"B[PT\K\PGH\["E

FM\GCBGPZ,"TE[KVGIFKGOGRSGFXNNKO")[KZ

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MG26

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PTCGEFHG,[FGBCRGKFMNNPTNFPFET\.

RPXB,[BKQFBEOP\VNNBHPFCGZB,[FXNNKO

MH 27

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MI28

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MJ 29

GNHMG\NHFFGBT"K"FYRBFGF\BGFGFMCGE",

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PYGONFMRSNFCK\.GNMQXZKMKONT[G\PYGOINN,

[TNKEKFINNFHFFGBKMRSNFCK\.

N30

NMQ,CPYGO[K[BFCF,XZKMKONTSGYCKZBF

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[\KFOCKIEK[[NKPG\.GHFRYZBC’ZDNKO.[EGYB

[K[NGC’ZDNKO,FBEOKMGNNNM\.

KC.TKYZTCGE\FBEO[PT\KCSTGEFKGOC’EZ"F\["I

TKYZTCGE\FBEOXZKLNFKG\,BKLNCGB

GNFZDK[JTOCNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZG.FKG\[MN

PF[FBEOTG[FN\GTN\TXPG,PZIY\BG\GPF’,

PJTO[KRGKXGZF.PF[BOMQ,BOFGBTG[FPT[F

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PYGORYZBHF"PXGF".

NMQ,TKYZF[\ENG\FBEO,XZKLNFKG\NF[KD

MIFPZDK[JTOCNF[VKT.GHFGTNKEK[PPTJKQ

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P[KDKOB\FJTOCNF[VKT.

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TRKQZPGQ,BPZ,HFFGBZPHNPF[BPZGIH"N

"[BVKNGFZYRKQ[CLPNBKQPXG\MZPGQ")TKZGCKQ

K"J(.

NB 31

GBPZ"ZPGQ"FGBPN[GQZGPPG\,[FGBSGE

NPTNFPFET\.GKFKFFVKZG["[FZYRKQ[CLPNBKO

PXG\".G[KTGZFPNGKFGB,MVK[FGBKMGNNNM\

NPTNFPFET\,[HFRYZBZGPPG\.[TRKQZKYRG\

BKRF[GZFBNBTNPYGO[BKQ[OK[G\)CSGE

"\GNFBZWTNCNKPF"(.

RPXB,MPFFGBF[KTGZ[NFPNGK[NPYGO

FZKYQ?F\[GCFFGB:NVKPF[FGBZGPOB\TXPG

NPTNFPFET\.HB\BGPZ\,[FZKYRK\XZKMKO

NPNBG\TOZGPPG\,FKKRGTOCIKR\NPTNFPFET\.

GKCY[PF’,[K\QNGB\FMIFHF.GKFKFFVKZG[,

[MNFZKYRK\NBRCZB,FKKRG[NBCBNBEO[KZDK[

ML[FGBZKYQ,BNBCMEKNPNBG\HFTOZGPPG\F’,

FKKRG[KYIFMNNPTNFPFET\.

GHFGPF[M\GC"GFBNYKOT[F[KZBGPNVRKG".

MNGPZ,[HF[CBNBEO,BNGFPI[CG\[NZKYG\,

FGBCMEK[FBEOKFBNGXGZLNYCNTNTXPGBPGRF

NPTNFPFET\.

GNHFXZKMKOB\THZ\F’.FKKRG,[FBEOPGMZI

BHNCY[PF’,[K\QNGB\FMI,[KGMNNFBPKQ

NPTNFPFET\.RPXB,[EGYBBHFBEORXZL

NFCGZB,[KTHGZNG.GHFGPJTO,FKG\F[MNFIKXGRK

RG\QNGNFCKQB\FFKVL.

NMQBKQTXFBIZ\NFBEOBH,BNBNCY[PF’,

[KTHGZNG.GTNHFBPZG"KXZG[NBEOP\DCZTNKG

MNKGO,GBNPNBBKQFYC"FTGHZG,BKRGKMGNNG".

RPXB,[ZYBHFGBFPXC,[FBEOPCKQ,[BKQPK

[KTHGZNG,BNBFYC"F.GHFG"BNYKOT[F",CMEK

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NC32

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KE.PFGZGPPG\F’[PT\K\["I

ZGPPG\F’VKZG[G,[FGBXZKLNCY[PF’,[K\Q

NGFMINNM\NPTNFPFET\.HB\BGPZ\,[ZGPPG\

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P[GO[MNF[MNCBPNPTNF,GNBPXEFBEO,

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[FBEOKMGNN\ZW,RYZB[FBEOP\ZWFMNTO

[MNFIKXGQ.MNGPZ,[FZXGQNYCNPCKQ,[MEBK

NYKKO\G"P.PF[BOMQNPTNFPFET\,FGB

FPIKKCB\FBEONNM\CTCGEF,HFRYZBRDE

FET\[NFZXGQNYCN.

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NMQ:

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M\GC"NB\T[FBNFKOBIZKOTNVRK".

GFHF"YPVZ[,[XZKLNFKG\"BCRKQNP[YNCF".

ND 33

G[BNTNHF,BKL[GYNKOB\FTCGEFCBCRKO,

[TNKEKHFKETB\PXCGCEZMKF’?GF[KC,[HF

KEGT,[CHPQ[FBEOP\IKNNTCGEKG\ZPPF[FGB

ZDKN,BHFDGUP\IKNNCTGJGNF\RDECMNMIG

NTCGEFHG.FKG\[CTRKQNF[VKTFGBBXNFDGU

CCIKR\NTGNGNP[B,[BKRGKMGNNSCGNB\TCGEF

HG.GFF\RDEG\[NFDGUP\ZBFBXNFBEOCXGZF

[NPI[CG\HZG\.GFGBCBG[GBNB\[BN\"PK

GPF".GT"KF[BNG\FBNGFBEOBGPZ,[CJI[MN

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FTCGEF.

GBPZ,[BH,BOFBEOBGPZ,[FOCBKOPXE

FS"B,BHFBEOTGCZTNPF[M\GC"NB\T[G

BNFKOBIZKOTNVRK".

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PXEF[MKRFFYEG[F.MK"BKQTGEPNCEG".BNB

F[MKRFFYEG[FPZBFNFBEOB\PXCGFBPK\K,

BKL[FGBFGNLCEZMKF’.HB\BGPZ\,[TNKEKHF

[FKB[GNI\NGBNGF[BNG\,FRYZBKOPI[CG\

HZG\.FKKRG,[T"KFPI[CG\HZG\FBNG,FKBZGBF

BKL[FGBP\ZWB\F[BNG\,[FORCIRKONPI[CG\

HZG\.GMNHFFBEOXZKLNET\B\PXCGFBPK\K

CTCGEF,MEK[KETPFNT[G\.

GHFEGPFNP[N:ICZBIEZGXFNET\TEMPF

ICKZGBGFCBG\G.GCJIVRKOCVRKOICKZGPS\KZ

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N[GQFZTTNICKZG.BHFGBZGBFB\F\DGCF[N

ICKZG,CHPQ[FGBRPXBPZGIYPICKZG.BHFBEO

KMGNNET\B\FBP\,B\PE\FBFCF[NICKZG.

NE34

GFRP[NFGB,CHPQ[F[MKRFFYEG[FPZBF

B\VRKFNFBEO,[VKZG[G[F’P[VKTNFBEOIKG\

G[PIF,CPXCMHFFBEOP\CKK[NGPZ,PFET\G

TNTCGEFENF[VKTGNBNYCNMNGONTXPG.PF[BO

MQ[NBCVRKF,FKKRG[FIKG\GF[PIFP\YZZ,HF

RCIQ"[NBCVRKF",BHFBEOKMGNNZBG\B\PXCG

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NF 35

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NG36

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PB 41

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PD 43

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PE44

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GCHFK\CBZNRG,BKL[KKL\VKNFTNBKHFXZF

ISG[NGO.FNBCJI[FXZFCBPJTOTGR[.GTRKQ

TGR[KOCJIFGB\KYGRKO,MKK[MNN,MKFTGR[FGB

\KYGQ.BOMQ,BKLP\VNNKO,[F’KCJNB\

F\KYGRKO[NRG,MEZ[\IH"NTNVSGY"GRYNF

BIKLNTKRKL".MK[RNYFBIKLFGB.

YRC152

BNB,[XZKMKONET\,[F\VKNFP\YR\B\

FBEOTGEKG\ZPTGR[KO.GP[GOHF,M[P\DNKO

\VKNFCPYGOFTGR[,BHPSKZKOFKSGZKO,GRG\RKO

B\F\VKNFCPYGPF,[K\YQB\FDGU.GHFTRKQPF

[BPZGIH"N"HMF,T"K\GZF.NBHMF,T"KKSGZKO".

GXZKMKONET\,[EZL\GZFFGBEZLKG\ZXNIF,

GPCKBKOKG\ZZGGIKOPEZLKSGZKO,PJTO[FMNKO

[KFKFZBGKKONYCNBGZTNKGQRZICKOKG\Z,

[CSDGN\OKMGNKONHMG\NECKYG\CGK\’.

GHFTRKQ"MGVKQBG\GTE[KBPZ,ZGXFBRK".FKKRG,

[F[OK\’BGPZ"ZGXFBRKCPT[K\I\GRKO".

GTRKQ\VKNFFGBPF[BPZGIH"N"R\BGFFYC"F

N\VKN\Q[NXEKYKO",[TNKEKF\VKNFPM[KZKOB\

FMNKO,[F[OK\’KMGNBI"MNF[VKTB\F[VT,

P[GO[K[MNKPGM[Z\NYCNB\F[VT.

RI.F[PIFFKBCIKR\"PZBF"

PPT[KOJGCKO[PT\KE’EIGF"PSGMG\

FRFF[PIFFKBCIKR\"PZBF"PPT[KO

JGCKO:BOFPT[KOFO[NYEG[F,BHP\DNFTN

KEKHF[PIF.BCNXZKMKONET\,[K[DOMQCIKR\

YNKVF.GCMEKNET\,BOHFYEG[F,FCKZGZFGB

C"ET\",[CYEG[FK[ET\,PF[BOMQCS"BBKQ

ET\,MK"BNBIZBS\ZSGNBTCKEVKZK".NMQ,

M[PDKTNG[PIF,FGBXZKLNTKKQCECZK\GZF,CMEK

[K\DNFNGET\F\GZF.

TGEXZKMKONET\,[F[PIFFGBCIKR\FBZF

TNKGRF,[P\DNFTNKEKP"Q,[FGBPT[KOJGCKO.

YRD 153

GF[OK\’EQB\FBEO"CB[ZFGB[O".EFKKRG,

[BOFBEOPYCNTNTXPGTGNPNMG\[PKONRXIKG\,

\KMUTNHF[GZFFBZFTNKGRF,[FKBDOMQCIKR\

RXIKG\.GBVKNG[DNGKGKEGTNVRKG,[\KMUKVGNFBEO

PPEZD\G,PMNPYGOEQBG\G"CB[ZFGB[O".FKKRG,

BOBEOFINKJTM[KGCET\G,[PYCNTNKGTGNPNMG\

[PKONRXIKG\,RCIQHFN[NKPG\.

PF[BOMQ,BOFBEOPYCNTNTXPGTGN

PNMG\[PKO,GBKRGZGXF[K[BZBXNGFPXCFHF

NRXIKG\,BOMQBKQFECZGFPT[FHGRCIQN[NKPG\,

PPKNBBKRFKMGNFNCGBGN[ZG\TNKGBGZTNKGQ,

P[GO[FGB[NOGRXIK,GBKRGTGPENF[\RG\,PF

[BOMQFBEOZGXF,BVKNGFPXC[CGFGBRPXB,

NBKFKFNRXIKG\.

RJ.TRKQPJFGRI[[PT\KK"DBEZ\["I

"GKTQP[FGKBPZ,GFQNBKBPKRGNKGMG’.GKBPZ

BNKGF’,PFHFCKEL.GKBPZ,PJF.GKBPZ,F[NKMFG

BZXFGKFKNRI[.GKRSP[FPVRKG")[PG\E’(.

GK[NVZ[,[BKQKG\ZPC’PEZDG\:BGYEG[F,BG

S"B.GPXC[NCR\KKOBKQ.BNB,PBG\GFPJFCTXPG

RT[FRI[,BOP[NKMKQBG\GNBZW.GCMEKNFCKQB\

HF,RYEKOPBPZIH"N,["F[ZF[MKR\GTNTXKO

GBCRKO".["TXKOGBCRKO"RYZBKOECZKO[NNPJF

CI[KCG\.EGYBGCBGVQHFF[ZF[MKR\G.

GHFTRKQF[BNF:"PFHFCKEL?"MKKEVKZG[G

F[DF,PN[GQ"MK\[KDKE".PJF.FKKRG[MN

F[DG\KGCRGKKOTNCIKR\PJFCI[KCG\,[FGB

YRE154

SGEBPGRFNPTNFPFET\.

)[CIKR\BPGRFRCIQNTKRKFBEONCIKR\PJF

CI[KCG\,NCIKR\[KVNG\.GBEOPI[KCB\FECZKO

[P\NC[KOC\GLFET\.PF[BKQMQ,BOF[MN[N

FBEOBKRGP[KDG,BNB[FGBP\RDENET\G[NFBEO,

GFBEOXZKLBHNGPZ,[FBPGRFFGBNPTNFCI[KCG\

PFET\[NG,RPXB[P[VKNBHET\G,GBGPZ,PF[FGB

PCKQC\GLFET\,[FGBP\RDENEZLF’,BHFBPGRF

RPXBBXNGNPTNFCI[KCG\PFET\[NG.

MKMNF[MNKG\,[FGBCS\KZFNEZLF’,FGB

[F[MNFHFMNGONB[GF,BNB"TKRKONFOGNBKZBG,

BHRKONFOGNBK[PTG".FKKRG,[PCJNB\MNPF

[FGB[GPTGZGBF.HFRYZB,[FGNLNPTNFPFET\.

GMLRZBFNFBEONCIKR\[KVNG\GYJRG\.

PF[BOMQBXNFCGZB,BKRGRCIQCIKR\BPGRF

N[KVNG\.MKBXNFBEO,[BKQNGTXFBIZ\,GPGMZI

NNM\CEZLBPGRF,RZBFNGFBPGRFN[KVNG\.PF

[BKQMQNDCKFCGZB,[FGBFKFKMGNNF[ZG\

[MKR\G,NBGEGYBTNTXKOGBCRKO,BNB[CIZEGYB

TNEZLHF,FRYZBBPGRF,CJI[CIZHFPJTO,[HF

KG\ZJGCGKG\ZFXNIF.RPXB,BXNGK\’NBRYZB

BPGRFNPJFCI[KCG\,BNBNFKVGL,[EGYBNEZL

HFK[NGPTNG\ZCG\,BNBNTKRKFRCZBKORYZBHF

CIKR\PJF(.

GBOP[NKMKQB\FPJFNBZW,GZGXKONTCGETO

CIKRFKG\ZDCGF,FKKRGC\GLFET\,GPCHKOB\CIKR\

NPTNFPFET\,[REPFTCGEFHGNCIKR\[KVNG\,

\KMURT[FPF\GZFGFTCGEF[NGCIKR\RI[,[FGB

SGERI[FYEPGRK.

YRF 155

GHFSGE"MNFP\DBF,BGPZNGFYC"F,BKQBRK

GFGBKMGNKONEGZCPEGZBIE".GFJTOFGBMR"N,

[F[ZF[MKR\GTNTXKOGBCRKO.NMQ,BOFGB

P[NKLCIKR\PJFNBZW,GPDCKFB\TXPGNTCGE

TOPEFKG\ZDCGF,HFGMCZRI[.GBKQCIKR\

CR\KKO.BNBBGRI[BGYEG[F.PJTO,[MNF\GZF

GFTCGEF[NG,[FKFNGPCIKR\PJF,FMNRMRS

TM[KGNCIKR\RI[.

GKEGT,EBKQNFS"BBGZG\.GP[GOHFDO

CD[PKG\,BKQNFZXGQNYCNZYISZGQ,GNBPNGK

ISZGQ.GFMNKYCNFR[BZ\PKECISZGQCNKPNGK.

MKPK[K[NGPRF,ZGXFPB\KKOGMG’.GBKQBEO

P\GIXK\BGG\GCKEG.GHFRP[LPMIF[GZ[KO

FTNKGRKO.[[GZ[FYNKVFFGBSGEFMNKYCNF.

GC[K\BBNVK[RKBKQNFO\KYGQ.GTNKFO[GZF

FXPXGO.NMQBKQNFOBGZG\G[VT.

GNMQFOPV\KONBEO,[KP[GLBGZNPEZD\O.

GMPFBGZG\,[FBEOYCNT"KFKG\GECGYCYEG[F,

MKCYEG[FPBKZF[VT,NMQM[FOPV\KONBEO,

[KP[GL[VTNCIKR\O,BHFOPYCNKOB\FBGZ

FHF.GTNKEKHFK[NFO[NKJFTNFBEO,FKKRG

[RG\RKONGFSVYF,CHFFPXC[CGFGBRPXB,[NB

KHGHPMBQ.

NMQT"K[NKJFHGBKQFBEOKMGNNNM\YEKPF,

PJTO[BKQNGXGZLNPEZDFKG\ZDCGF.GMKGQ[BKQ

NGXGZL,BKRGKMGNNHGHPPYGPGBU\RGTFYNF.GBH

BKQCBV[ZG\GNFCIKQ,BOFGBFGNLCYEG[FBG

NFKVGL,P[GO[FS"BRG\QNGMINTCGEFCK\Z[B\

GCK\ZTH,MKGQ[TM[KGFGBRPXBC\GLFET\.NMQK[

YRG156

NGPYGONTCGEFNBCCIKR\[KVNG\,GNVKHFFBEO

FKFR[BZMLCZ[G\[NFS"B.

GCMEK[FBEONBK[BZCZ[G\FS"B,T[F

FYC"F\KYGQ,[BOFBEOTGHCB\CIKR\F"PJF",

\KMURGVNNCIKR\"RI[",G\KMUFGBFGNLCPXC[N

M[NGRG\.GBKQNG[GOMINFIHY,BNBBOMQKYCN

[GCB\CIKR\FBPGRF,FRYZB[GVNG\.

RPXBNVKHF,[FM[NGRG\CTXPOFODGZPKO,

[FBEOKYCNTNTXPG[GCFCIKR\PJF,[FGB

CIKR\BPGRFNPTNFPFET\.

GHFVKZG[PF[BPZP[F:"GFONBKBPKRGNK",

[VKZG[G,[NBKZXGNYCNTNKFOB\FEZLNTCGE

CCIKR\BPGRFNPTNFPFET\.BHBPZNGF’:"PFHF

CKELPJF?"F[NKMFGBZXF.BH\KMU"GKFKNRI[".

FKKRG[CKQPJFNRI[BKQPXC[NCR\KKO.BNB[FGB

CMEKNET\,BG[FGBRPXBCYEG[F,BGCFS"B.

RPXB,PPKNB[BKQNFOTXFBIZ\,BNBNYCN

TNKFOB\CIKRFBPGRFNPTNFPFET\,FRYZB

"PJF".GFPJFFHFXZKLNFKG\CKE,GNBNHZGYB\

FPJF.GHFTRKQPF[M\GC"GVZIPJFBFZQ",FKKRG

[MNFVZKIG\,[FKFNGCTCEG\F’,FKFTNCSKS

PJFBFZQEGYB.

[HFTRKQ,[ZXFN\\NRGSKPQ,CMEKNET\,BO

FGBFGNLTNEZLFBP\,BGNBISG[NGO.R\QNRG

SKPQNFMKZZYCFKSGE[NFTCGEF,FKKRGTNBKHF

CSKSFGBTGCE.BOFKSGE[NGFGBPJF,HFG

YEG[F.GBOFCSKS[NGFGBC\GLFET\,BKQHGEZL

NFDKTNYEG[F.

BCNCTCGEFCTXPG,FKKRGC\GZFG\VKNF,BKQ

YRH 157

[GOFKMZCKQ"TCEGNNBTCEG",MK[OFGBNFKVGL.

BOFKSGEFGBC\GLFET\,FKKRGTNKSGEKEKTF

GYCNF,BHFDGURG\QIPZKENYNTCGEF,GKMGNNNPGE

GNF\VNNCKG\ZF\PEFGCKG\ZF\NFCG\,MKGQ[HFG

TNKSGEC\GLFET\.

PF[BOMQCHPQPK[FGNLCEZLFYEG[F,

[FCSKS[NGFGBBPGRFGF[VTF,BHFGBXZKL

FMRFZCF,[FYEG[F\BKZNG.GS\OCNKFMRF,BKQ

FDGURG\QNGMINTCGEF.GXZKL\PKENF\BPXG\

K\KZF,MKGQ[[GZ[FBEOFGBCIKR\YCNFGC\GL

FET\.

NMQBOTCGE\GFGBTNKSGEFBZXKG\,KMGNFGB

\PKENFKG\CSEZ.PF[BOMQBOFKSGE[NTCGE\G

FGBTNCIKR\F[VTFGNPTNFPFET\,FGBXZKL\PKE

NF\BPXG\,[NBKVGNN[GZ[G[NYCNFGN\GLFET\.

GBSGZNFSKIET\NZDT,BIZ\FGBRGVNN[GZ[G[N

BZXKG\,FPMGRFCIKR\"TVZ",MP"["MKPTVZCB\

GBNTVZ\[GC".GHFFKFNBIZIJBTWFET\.

GRG\QCKZGZ,BOFGBFGNLCYEG[FBGIS

G[NGONFKVGL,FGBMK"BNBIZBS\ZSGNBTCKE

VKZK".SKPQHFRG\QNRGFHF"Y,[EGYBTNCSKS[N

BPGRF,FRYZBCIKR\PJF,HGMKONVZKFGZCKF

C\GZF,MR"N.GHFSGE"GVZIPJFBFZQ",[FVZKIF

GFDEKNFCBFEGYBT"KFPJF.

BKNHB\,CMNKGO,MPG[FBEOYOPPJ\G,

GFGBZGIWB\TXPGNJFZDGVGPHGFP\FDGU,MQXZKL

NZIGWB\TXPGPHGFP\FYNKVF.[KCEGYB\TXPG,

BOCIKR\F"PJF"[NGFGBC[NKPG\BXNG.GCEKYF

HGXZKMFNFKG\C\PKEKG\.GBOFGBZYPSKIET\

YRI158

PPRG,\KMURGVNNZ[G\O[NFSJZBBIZB,FRYZB

YCNFTXPK\.G\KMUFGBRT[FP[GTCENFO.MKKEGT

[FBGZTG[FB\FMNK.NMQMVKPF[FGBTGCECTP"R

NYCN,C[KTGZHFFGBRXZLZYF[\GYYG\NYCNF

TXPK\,GR\ZIYPTRKRKOF[KKMKONF[VTF.

GCHFKGCQNRGFPBPZIH"N"PBE,PBEFGK[VN

ZGI".GPFGFZT[FHF[BGPZ"PBE,PBE".

BNBMR"N,MKGQ[FBEORT[FRXZLNCZKG\,TN

KEKHF[R\RGNGVTOMCGE,GP\IKNFYKCNB\FMCGE

NBPJTOISG[NGO[ZGXFNFRG\PFMCGE,BNB

PJTPKOBIZKO,PJTOMCGEF\GZFGMEGPF.GFGB

CJGICI[CGQHF,MKGQ[FGBKGETCTXPG,[BKQNG

[GO\[GYFNMCGE.GNVKHFFSCZFRG\R\,[PG\ZNG

NYCNB\FMCGE.PMNPYGOBSGZNYCN,PJTO

[FBGZTG[FB\FMNK.

NMQ,NBIZ[YKCNB\FMCGE,MCZRT[FRXZL

NFMCGE.GFGBMCZRPXBCZ[G\G,GY[FNF[\IZZ

PFMCGE.GTNKEKHFFGBRT[FNPXKBG\CVRKTXPG,

GMCZY[FNF\CJNNF’,P[GO[T"KFMCGEFGBRT[F

NPXKBG\CVRKTXPG.GCMEKNHMG\NECKYG\,BEO

XZKLNF\CJNPMNPXKBG\G.NMQ"PBGE,PBGE":

"PBGE"FGB,[BSGZNYCNMCGENXGZLTXPG.

G"PBGE"F[RKFGB,BVKNG[BKQMGGR\GNXGZLTXPG,

DOMQBSGZNYCNMR"N.

S.PXGFFCBFCTCKZF[PT\KB’\XGF\["D

TRKQ"PXGF,FCBFCTCKZF"VKZG[G,CBOFBEO

PYCNTNKGB\FTCGEFCTP"RNYCN\PGZF,BH

YRJ 159

P\INYHFN[RKECZKO:

B.YCN\FTCGEF,GFGBRYZBPXGF.

C.FMGGRF,[FGBNYCN\PGZF.RYZBTCKZF,

PJTO[YCNFPTCKZBG\GPYEG[FNS"B.

GMKGQ[MNFKSGEGFSKCF,[R\QNGMINTCGEF,

FK\FF\PGZF,NMQ"PXGFFCBF",[VKZG[G,

[FCKBGBG\GNT[G\FPXGF,FGBFTCKZF.NMQ

RYZBHF"PXGFFCBF".PK[PCKBB\FPXGF,

FGBFTCKZF.[FGBZYF\PGZF.

GFTXFNHFFGB,[KTCGEB\TCGE\GCCIKR\

"G\GGNBBIPGRKF",ZYMNMGGR\G[NTCGE\GFGB

[KFKF,MEK[K\ZCFMCGE[PKOCTGNO,[HFRYZB,

[TGCECTP"RNBGYPB[MKR\BPTVZB.

GTRKQ"NBGYPB[MKR\B"FGB,[F[MKRF

FYEG[FRYZB\MNNG\FR[PG\.[FKBFPYCN\

F[VTPFCGZBK\’,GP[VT\NFR[PG\.GFP[VKT

GFPTCKZF[VTNFR[PG\RYZB"KIGEYGC"F

G[MKR\B",[BHRP[L[VTNF\I\GRKO.PF[BO

MQM[BKQKIGE,BHBKQFP[M\[VTN\I\GRKO.

GCKG\ZCKBGZFGB,MKGQ[ZXFFYC"FNFRG\

NRCZBKG,BOMQMPG[I[CTNF[VT\F[VT,MPGMQ

I[CTNYCN\F[VT.FKKRG,[F\I\GRKOKYCNGB\

F[VT.G[RKFOFKGCCIKR\MI.EFKKRG,BI"MKCGBG

R[PG\,GFPFKYCNGB\F[VTCVGTN.

GFPYCNF[VTCCIKR\MIRYZBCIKR\

"[MKR\FYEG[F",MKGQ[PI[C\GK\’FGBPXKB\

[NGPF,GBKRGXZKLNCIKR\PT[F.NMQF\I\GQ)BKQ

FP[L(

YS160

SB.GSCKCKGR[TZFPBE[PT\KJ’RKSQ\["I

TNVSGY"GSCKCKGR[TZFPBE"EZ[GIH"N,

[FYC"FPEYEYTOFXEKYKOMIGJF[TZF.G[BN:

"PEGTPDKTNFOTGR[DEGN,BOFOXEKYKOCBGVQ

MNNK"?

GFTRKQFGB,[MNFDCGNKO,[PECZKOCPXKBG\

FTGNPG\,FMNFGBCTZLFPYCNKO.FKKRGT"K

[F\I\GQTG[FNTXPGBKHFFDCNFGXPXGO,R[BZ

MLNPJF.P[GO[MLPSMKPKONPTNF,NMNPF

[F\I\GRKOTG[KO,C[KTGZHFRP[LF[VTNPJF.

NMQF\I\GQ,TOFPI[CFEKCGZGPT[F[NG,DGZO

[MLPNPTNFKP[LF[VTNPJF.

RPXBNVKHF,BOF\I\GQ,TNPI[CFEKCGZ

PT[FYNF,RI[CBXNGMBKNGT[FPT[FDEGNF.

NP[N,TNFVSYZDTCECKYG\F’,RI[CBXNGMBKNG

TCZTNBKSGZEBGZKK\B,FIPGZ[CIPGZG\.BHKDO

NPTNFPSMKPKONET\G[NF\I\GQ.GRI[CHF

NPTNF,MBKNGFGBTCZCBP\TNBKSGZIPGZ.RPXB

NVKHF,[FXEKYBGPZ,[FYC"FPEYEYTPGTNIGJ

F[TZF.GMVK[F\I\GQBGPZ,MQPSMKPKOTPG

NPTNF.

GCHPQ[F\I\GQNBPZDK[BKSGZYN,[KFKF

IPGZMPGBKSGZIPGZ,DOMQPNPTNFNBPI[KCKQ

B\FECZKOFYNKO,[TGCZTNKFO,[KFKGRI[CKO

NBKSGZKODEGNKO.RPXB,[TOBEOMHFRGFDKOTPG

MBKNGFGBFKFBEOYJQ.FKKRGFPXG\[NGFO

RI[CKONCIKR\YJRKO,GMPGMQFTCKZG\[NG

RCIRKONYJRKO.[[RKFOR[YNKOCP[YNBIE,

YSB 161

GFGBCMNNRCIQNBEOYJQ.

PF[BKQMQPK[IG[CB\FECZKOYNKO,

GBGPZ[FYC"FPEYEYTNKFOMIGJF[TZF,FGB

RCIQNBEODEGN,[FQFTCKZG\[NGFODEGNKO,GFQ

FPXG\[NGFODEGNKO.

GNVKF\TRGD[FBEOPZDK[CT[KK\FPXGF,

CBG\G[KTGZFGBKMGNNFZDK[KSGZKOCT[KK\

FTCKZF.

GBPZTNHFP[N:NBEO[T[FBKHFTCKZF

IPGZFRDEFPNGMF,GERGBG\GNT[ZKO[RG\PBSZ

TOTCGE\VZL,GPYGOFPBSZFGBPIGWNFPEKRF,

CBKHFPYGORKEICTGNO.G\KMUFGXKBGNVGTNB\

FVSYEKRG,G[NIGBG\GNPYGORKEICYXF\CN.

G[OPXBTGEBR[KO,[RIKKCGPXEFPNGMF

NFKG\[OMPGFG.BCNFGBRINFCPIN\F[MIF,

G[MI,[K[NGB[F,GKNEKO,GBR[KOKEKEKO,

GPMKZKO.GFGBIG[CBH,[MNFTGNOBKRGKG\Z

PMVK[ZGBFB\FPYGORKEIGTOFBR[KO[RPXBKO

[PF,GMLRGNE[O.GKG\ZFGBNBKGET.

RPXB,[FBP\[NGFKBNVKFZD[\G,PF[FGB

PZDK[TM[KG,GBKQNG[GOF\I[CG\TOFPXKBG\

FBPK\K,ZYNVKKEKT\GGFZD[\G.

G[ONPEGTPGIGYKOGEKRKO,CMEKNET\[TGE

FVTONBKTCGZTNIGYKO,GK[PGZB\TXPGPMNBNG

FTCKZG\[M\GC[OCFIGYKO,GNKETBKLN\YQ

PT[KG,CMEK[KGXKBGBG\GP[O.GM[FGBNPE

CSVZKIGYKFPNL,ZBF,[PK[FGBTGCZTNTCKZF

HGNP[N,[GNIKOBG\GNBZWDHKZFZIGYPK[GC

FTGNO.GFGBP\VTNPFTGR[FIPGZFHF,GK[NG

YSC162

\ZTGPG\,PEGTR\RGTGR[KOMNMLDEGNKO.

BCNBUVTONBKTNFCET\G,[FGBCTXPG,FGB

PFTGCZTNIGYKFPEKRF,GMCZERGBG\GCIGPZ

FEKQ,GMCZFGXKBGB\VSYEKRGNVGTN.GMKGQ[FGB

INFCPIN\F[MIF,BUVTONBKZDK[B\PXKBG\G

FBPK\K.

GHFVKZG["GSCKCKGR[TZFPBE",[FBEOXZKL

NT[G\I[CGQRV[TNMNXTEG[TN,[FGBCTXPG

TCZTNPXG\FPNL,GMCZDZ[GFGPFK[GC.

GT"KZCGKPT[KOJGCKO,P\IKNNVTGNBXNGPI

FHMZGQ.GP\IKNNFZDK[,BKL[FGBR\ZIYMNML

PPYGOK[GCFTGNO.GP\IKNNTSGYC\[GCF,TE

[PGXKBKOBG\GP[OGPIHKZKOBG\GNPYGOK[GC.

GFZD[FHGCBEGYBT"KTCGE\FBEO.GP\IKN

NFZDK[,BKL[FGBR\ZIYPPYGOPYGZGG[GZ[G,

TE[HGMFNECKYG\F’.

SC.KGZEGPSK\TGNFGPYJZD[PT\KK"JBEZB’\["I

"KGZEGPSK\TGNFGPYJZD".FBEOXZKLNCEGY

B\TXPG\PKE,BOF\GZFGFTCGEF[NGNBKGZEKO

NTPYKF\FGO,MKPE\DENG\G[NFBEORPEE\

C[KTGZFECKYG\CF’,FKKRGC[KTGZF\CJNG\NF’.

FKKRG,[BFCFTXPK\BKRGTGNFBXNGC[O,BNB

[FGBZGXFNCJNB\TXPGKG\GNDPZK.

MKPK[TGCECTNPR\NYCN,MVK[KTGZTCGE\G,

ML[KTGZDENG\TXPG\G[NFBEO.GRT[FBHCIKR\K[

GTXOGZ[G\CVRKTXPG,GY[FNGBHNF\CJNNF’.

PF[BOMQM[FBEOTGCECTP"RNF[VKT,

YSD 163

GM[DGPZB\TCGE\G,FKKRG[\KYQB\MNCIKR\MNK

YCNFNTXPG,PPF[K[NGPCIKR\[GZ[R[P\G,BH

BKQNGMCZTGEPFNT[G\CTGNO.RPXB,[ZYTNRYGEF

HGXZKLNFKG\MNZMGHPI[CF,TNCIKR\HG.

GFSKPQNHF,BOFBEOFGNLTNEZLFBP\,FGB

KMGNNZBG\,BOFGBCCIKR\"KGZEGPSK\".FKKRG[MN

TCGE\GFGBCCIKR\KZKEF.GRPXBFBEOBHCZ[G\

FSJZBBIZB.BHFGB"TGNFGPYJZD",FKKRG[PZDK[

B\TXPGCCIKR\TNKF,GPYJZDTNBIZKO.

PF[BOMQPK[TGCETNEZLFJFZF,BKRGKMGN

NYJZDTNBIZKO.BNB\PKEFGBPYJZDTNTXPG,

GTNBIZKOFGBZGBFBG\OCPEZDFKG\ZJGCF,

P[FGBPZDK[B\TXPG.

SD.NGGTNKGBRKVGZT[PT\KPGX["Y\ZX"I

NFCKQPBPZIH"N"NGGTNKGBRKVGZT".

VKZG[,FRF\MNK\PT[F[PKOGBZWFGBBGZ

F[C\,[BGZFHFXZKLNCGBNKEKDNGKN\I\GRKO,

GF\MNK\FHFP\DNFT"K\G"PGPT[KOJGCKO.GDPZ

F\KYGQRYZB,M[FBGZFHFK\DNFC[NKPG\GT"K

B\TZG\BEN\\B,FKKRGCFYEO\G"P.PF[BOMQ

JZODPZF\KYGQ,K[DOMQCIKR\[C\,FRYZB"PTKQ

TGNOFCB",[FBGZF[C\PBKZCKQCVZJGCKQCMNN

MGNG.

GBGZF[C\FHFCBCFYVF,FKKRGCNKFYEO

KDKTF.BNBBI"MKVZTB\MNFYVG\.FKKRG,[BI"M

K\QB\MNFKDKTF,PF[FKFXZKLN\\PYGEO,

[HMFNFBGZ,FGBP[NOBI"M.

YSE164

GHFVKZG["NGGTNK".FKKRG,\P[KMGB\FBGZ

F[C\CFYVF."GBRKVGZT",PN[GQ"GVZTB\ZB[

FB[F".FKKRG,[F[OK\’KDNFB\FBGZFHFZY[TO

K[ZBNKNGG,FKKRG[KP[KMG,BUTNVK[TEKKQBKRO

ZBGKKO,PMNPYGOCFYVFKMGNNFP[KL.

SE.P\GL[NBN[PFCBKON[PF[PT\KGKIKK"EJC\\["ICSTGE\[IZK\

"P\GL[NBN[PFCBKON[PF".

GKMGNKQNFDKE,BOP[KPKQNCCKG\Z,[CHPQ

F[NBN[PFFGBFHPQKG\ZI[GC,PJTO[KG\ZYN

NKIEB\FPT[FNF[OK\’.PJTO[CN[PF,BHFGB

BGPZ,[FGBT[FB\FPT[FFJGCFHG,P[GO[FGB

TGCEF’C\MNK\,GMNPT[KGN[O[PKO.RPXB,[FGB

FCTNPT[F.

PF[BOMQCHPQ[TGSY[NBN[PF,BHFPT[F

FJGCFGBNBTG[FN[OF’.RPXB,[FGBNBKMGNNCGB

BNKGK\’CJTRF,[PDKTNG[MZ.RPXB,[F[OK\’NB

RT[FBXNGPIGKC.GC[CKNPFT[FFPT[FFJGCFHG?

FGBZYPJTO[F[OK\’FHPKQNGBKHFFHEPRG\,

[FS"PFHGKIKKCBG\GGPMZKIGNT[G\G.

NP[N,BOCBGBR[KONCK\G,GFGBP\CKK[

NFKG\KG[CCJN,BHKFGBNGYIBKHFSVZGNGPE

\GZF.RPXB,C[CKNPKFGBNGPE\GZF?NBC[CKN

PXG\F’,HB\BGPZ\,[KPXBIQCTKRKF[OK\’,BNB

C[CKNFBGZIKO[CBGNZ[G\G,NPXBIQCTKRK

FBEO.GBKLBV[ZBI"MNCY[[MZPF[OK\’TN

F\GZFFHG,[TSYTCGZFBGZIKO.RPXB,[BXNGBKQ

F[OK\’RT[FPIGKC,BNB[FGBKMGNNIKKCB\

YSF 165

FBGZIKO,[FOK[NPGNG[MZ,FKKRG[KMCEGBG\G

C[CKN[FGBNGPE\GZF.BCNBKRGKMGNNIKKCC[GO

BGVQB\FCGZBK\’.

GCHPQ[RG\QNTXPGI[CGQFRV[,GBGPZ,[SGU

MNSGUBRKTGSYC\GZF,GHGZYB\FDGZO,FKKRGB\

FBGZIKO,GBGPZ,[TGCETM[KGZYN[OF[O,BHK

\KMUGPKEFGBXZKLNGPZ,[FMNP\RFDPNPTNF.

HB\BGPZ\,[FCGZBK\’ZXFNHMG\G,[KTSGY

C\GZF,GN\\NGDGZO[NBP\,BKQFGBZBGKNYCN

B\FBP\.NMQ,FYC"FPPXKBNGDGZO[N[YZ,

[T"KF[YZFHFKTSGYC\GZF.

RPXB,[FCGZBK\’FGBFVGTNGNBFBEO.GBHK

BEZCF,[FGBXZKLN\\[CINF[OK\’,[BVKNG

CPXCF[GVNG\[RPXB,DOMQF’NBTGHCBG\G,

GRG\QNGMI,FKKRGIPZKENY,[KZXFNTSGYCECZK

\GZF.

RPXB,[BOFGBP[KONCTNFPT[FFHG,BHK

FGB[F[OK\’FGBFVGTN,CSGE["FGBNCEGTG[F

GKT[FNMNFPT[KO".BCNFBEOBKRGRG\QCFPT[F

JGC[GOVTGNF.FDO[FBEOTG[FFPXGFFHB\,BCN

FGBNBTG[FHFC[CKNPXGF,ZYC[CKNDGZOBIZ

)[FBEO(,[FDGZORP[LPVZGEBISG[NGO.

GFBP\FGB,[F[OK\’FGBFDGZOGFGBFSKCF

[PIKKCBG\G.BCNFCGZBK\’PNGC[BXNGCNCG[

BIZGNBCNCG[[NPXGF,BNBC[CKNKZBFBIZ\

BGBFCFBIZ\.RPXB,[CHPQF[NBN[PFKG\ZYN

NKISFPT[FJGC,GNGPZ[F[OK\’FGBFTG[F

FPT[FJGCGNBFBEO.GHFV[GJPJTO,[FBEO

NBZGXFNT[G\B\FECZC[CKNPXGF,BNBC[CKN

YSG166

DGZOBIZ.

PF[BOMQCN[PF,[FGBKGETCTXPG,[FGB

FTGCEPJTOFPXGF,HB\BGPZ\[FGBCTXPGFKF

FDGZO,FKKRGPJTOPXGF,BCNNBPJTO[F[OK\’

R\QNGCNCGB\FZTKGQGFZXGQNT[G\B\FPXGF,

BNBFGBCTXPGCIZCHF.

GFBP\,[FMNT[FF[OK\’,BCNBKBV[Z

NF[KDNF[DIFVZJK\,PJZO[P[KDKOB\FTRKQ

[MZGTGR[.

SF.TRKQRDNFGTRKQRS\Z[PT\KM"JJC\\["CKZG[NKO

M\GC"FRS\ZG\NF’BNYKRG,GFRDNG\NRGGNCRKRG

TETGNO,NT[G\B\MNECZK\GZFFHB\".

GXZKLN[BGN:PFCBFM\GCNF[PKTRG,

[FRS\ZG\NF’?GBKQNGPZ,[TRKQRS\ZVKZG[

CN\KPG[D,GTRKQRDNFFKKRGCIKR\FPG[D.FNBBRG

ZGBKO,[K[BR[KO,[K[NFOKEKTFCINYFRS\Z.

GMPGMQK[BR[KO,[BKQNFOKEKTFCINYFRDNF.

GBKQNGPZ,[FMGGRF,[K[KG\ZBR[KO,[K[NFO

KEKTFCINYFRDNFPCINYFRS\Z)BOMQR\\

ECZKLN[KTGZKQ(.

GFTRKQFGB,[BRGZGBKOCTGNPRGHF,[K[

PT[KO[PDGNFNTKRKRGNT[G\,FKKRG[KEFBEO

P[P[\CFO.GK[PT[KO,[BRGZGBKO[FECZKO

RT[KO,BCNBKQFBEOKMGNNVTGN[OPBGPF,BNB

MIRS\ZVGTN[O.

MEGDP\PF[BPZGIH"N:"D’[G\VKOK[CBEO,

FYC"FGBCKGGBPG".FRFINYFRDNFFGBPXG\VZG

YSH 167

GZCG,[PT[FHFRT[FTNKEKFGZKG.GBOFFGZKO

TG[KOPT[KFOCSEZ,BHFYC"FRG\QR[PFCFGNE.

FKKRG,[FGZKGTG[KOB\INYFRDNF,[ZYB\FPT[F

FRDNFK[CKMGN\ONT[G\.BCNINYFRS\Z,[FGB

N\\R[PFCFGNE,CHFBKQFFGZKOKMGNKONVTGN[GO

PT[F,ZYFYC"FCTXPGTG[FB\FECZFFGB.

GMPGMQCPT[FFPXG\,BKQNRGNT[G\KG\Z

PINYFRDNF,[ZYMBQBRGKMGNKONT[G\,[FGB

NTSGYC\GZFGPXG\CCIKR\"TG[FECZG".BCNINY

FRS\Z,FKKRGCIKR\FR[PF[CT[KK\\GZFGPXG\,

BKQFBEOKMGNNVTGN[OPBGPF.GCHPQ[PYKKPKO

F\GZFGPXG\CCIKR\T[KF,FRYZB"NT[G\",

XZKMKONF\VNNNF’,[FGBKT[FB\INYFRS\Z,

FKKRG[K\QCIKR\R[PFCINYFPT[F[NRG.

GINYFPT[FRYZB"RZPXGF",[HFZYRZG\.

GXZKMKONFENKYOT"K"G\GZFBGZ".[FBGZ\GZF

PENKYB\FPXGF,GRG\QCIKR\FR[PFGFIKG\CINY

FPT[F,MR"NCEGDP\FGNE[K[CGD’[G\VKO.

GHFVKZG["FRDNG\NRG".FKKRG[TNKRGPGJN

NT[G\CCIKR\"MNB[ZCKELGCMILNT[G\T[F".

GZYMBQBRGKMGNKONVTGN.BCNNF[KDCIKR\FR[PF

GFIKG\,HF\NGKCKEFYC"F.

GHFVKZG["FRS\ZG\NF’BNYKRG".[F[OK\’

PCJKINRG,[BOBRIRGRT[FB\INYPF[PDGNF

NRG,NT[G\C\RBK\GZFGPXG\CINYFT[KF,BH

FYC"FRG\QCFR[PFCFT[KG\[NRG.PF[BOMQ,

PJZO[HGMKQNCIKR\FRS\Z,FRYZB"R[PF",BH

INYFRDNF[NRGMDGUCNKR[PF.BNBXZKMKONHMG\

NINYFRS\Z,[HFGZYCKEF’.

YSI168

SG.TRKKQP\Q\GZF[PT\KCSTGE\NKN[CGTG\\["I

TRKKQP\Q\GZF,[FKFCPTPEFZSKRK.BKQ

FVKZG[,[BHR\RFF\GZFVTOBI\,GBIZML

RVSYFFR\KRF.BNB,BKQFTEZCZGIRKG\,MKZGIRKG\

HFTRKKQRXIK,[BKRGRVSY.ZYPVRK[PXEFRG\QBKQ

BRGPGM[ZKONYCNF\GZF,BRGBGPZKO,[FVSY

FGBPXEFTNKGQ.

PF[BKQMQBH,CPTPEFZSKRK,FKGFMNN

K[ZBNPGMRKONYCN\F\GZF,MP"[:"GKIQFTO

\I\FFZ,MBK[BIECNCBIE".[FKFBHFMRF

PXEFMNN,[FKFNFOZYMGGRFBI\,[FKB

PI[CFBI\TNYCN\F\GZF.BCNPXEFRG\QBKQ

[KRGKKOGFGB\PKERG\Q,MP"[C[OFCTN[OJGC,

[FBEOPIGKCMNKGON[PGTB\T[Z\FECZG\TN

FZSKRK.

F\GZFRYZB\SOFIKKOGSOFPGG\.GK[NFCKQ,

BKL[KKLNGPZ[RKECZKOFVGMKOCRG[BBIE.

K[NET\,[BKQBRIRGKMGNKONF[KD[GO

PXKBG\MVK[FKBNTXPF,BNBFMGNBRGP[KDKO

ZYNVKFZD[G\KRG.GFPXKBG\,BKL[FKBNVKTXPF,

NBPTRKKR\BG\RGMNN.NMQF\GZF,M[NTXPF,BKQ

BRGP[KDKOMNN,ZYBRGP[KDKOFZD[G\[NRG.GMN

FF\VTNG\[NRGFKBZYNVKFZD[G\KRG.

NMQCHPQ[FBEONGPE\GZFGF\GZFPZIKYF

BG\GPBFC\F’,CJI[F\GZFFHGRYZB\"SO

FPGG\".GMQNFKVL,BOF\GZFHG[FGBNGPE

PYZC\BG\GNBFC\F’,CJI[FKBRYZB\"SO

FIKKO".BCNF\GZFCTXPF,HB\BGPZ\PXKBG\

YSJ 169

F\GZFM[NTXPF,CNKI[CGQF\I\GQ[FGBXZKL

NF[KDF,RCIR\NBGZCNKMNK,[BKQ[O[GOF[DF.

NMQM[PECZKOPF\GZF,BHFMGGRFTNFZD[G\

[FBEOPYCNPF\GZF,[ZYFQYGCTG\B\

FPXKBG\BXNFRCZBKO.

GCHPQ[FBEOTGCEN\GTN\TXPG,RYZBHF

[NBN[PF.BCNP\GL[NBN[PFCBKONN[PF.

NMQ,BOFBEOTEKKQNBHMFNYCN\F\GZF,BHFGB

PYGGF[KHMFNYCN\F\GZFC[RFFCBF.BCN

NBIZ[FBEOHMFNCIKR\F[NPG\[NN[PF,MCZ

BKQNGTGEPFNT[G\CTGNOFHF,MKGQ[\KYQB\

FMGN,[KFKFC[NPG\FN[PF.

GNMQ,CMN[RFG[RFK[HPQYCN\F\GZF,PJTO

[FHPQFGBPGM[ZNB\TZG\BEN\\B)F\TGZZG\

PNPJF(,P[GO[BHP\TGZZFHPQ,[FKFPDGNF

BXNF\I\GRKOFBGZ[NP\Q\GZF.NMQK[

F\TGZZG\NPTNF,[RG\R\MGIN\I\GRKO,[KGMNG

NT[G\VTGN\FFM[ZFNYCN\F\GZF,MPG[FKGBH

PGMRKONYCN\F\GZF.

BKNHB\,BOFBEOFGNLTNEZL,[F[NB

N[PFKCKBNGB\FN[PF,BHFGBFGNLTNEZL

FBP\.GFGBXZKLNYGG\,[SGUMNSGUKHMFNCGB

N[PF.GKHMFNYCN\F\GZF.

BCNXZKLNFKHFZ,[FPJZF\FKF\PKENRDE

TKRKG,BIZ\FGBKNLCYGFVGL.P[GO[[GZ[FDGU

FGBCIKR\PYCNNTXPG.NMQFGBPG[L\PKE

N[GZ[G,[FGBEGGYBCTNPR\NYCN,[FGBFVGL

PF\GZF,[RYZB\"TWIKKO".NMQF\GZFRCIR\

BXNFDGU,NCIKR\SOFPGG\.

YT170

SH.SGZPZT[PT\KBSZGIDSGMG\\["DKZG[NKO

XZKMKONFHFZC"SGZPZT".N[PGZB\FE’CZK\G\.

B.CZK\TKRKO,[FGBNFHFZPFS\MNG\CR[KO.

GFBKSGZPNFS\MNFGBNBGEGYBP[GO[KMGN

NCGBNKEKFZFGZ.GFZBKFNHFFGB,[FZK

FBKSGZINDOTNHYQCQPBF[RKO.BNBFJTO

FBPK\KFGB,P[GO[HFRP[LP[GZ[TNKGQ

PBE,[FHFKZG\FHGFKB,[BONBKFKFRHFZ,

KMGNNCGBISG[NGONFS\MNG\CF[MKRF

FYEG[F.GEKNPCKQ.

C.CZK\FN[GQ,FKKRG[KFKFRHFZCBP\G[YZ.

[TRKQFCKZGZKO,[K[ROMT\,NBIZIJBBEO

FZB[GQ,FGBCKZGZ[NBP\G[YZ.PF[BOMQ

JZOIJBTWFET\,FKFFCKZGZKOCTRKQ[NPZ

GP\GY.PF[BOMQM[FCKZGZFGBCBP\G[YZ,

FGBBIZ\NDPZK.[K[NVTPKO,[\IKN\GP\GY

GSGVGPZ.NMQKGXB,[K[PXKBG\[NPZ,BCN

PMNPYGOHFGBP\.

NMQXZKMKQNFHFZ,[NBN[RG\CEKCGZG,FDO

[FGBIG[C,[FGBP[YZZYNICKZG.BCNXZKMKO

NET\,[FDGUFGBMPGPMGRF,MVK[FKBZDKNFNNM\,

MLFKBPP[M\NNM\.NMQ,M[PZDKNKQBG\FC[YZ

GZPBG\,BHBKBV[ZNGNNM\CEZLBIZ\.GP[GO

HFFBEOCKRGNCKQTXPGDOMQPGMZINNM\C[YZ

GCZPBG\.

GNVKHFKGXB,[FBEOPGMZINZPBG\B\TXPG,

GC[GOBGVQBKQFGBPSGDNNGPZNTXPGB\FBP\,

P[GO[BKQFGBPGXKBJTOPKGIECFBP\.

YTB 171

GBV[ZNGPZ,PK[IG[C[PZPFB\ICKZG,BKRG

BNB[PZPFNF[OK\’,P[GO[IGWPDGVG[NFBEO

RPXBZYF[OK\’.MKPTKYZFCZKBF,[FBEORYZB

RCZB,FGBZYCTZLTXPG.[FYC"FZGXFCML,

[FBEOKZDK[B\TXPGNPXKBG\RVZEFKPRGK\’.

BCNIGWPHF,FMNFGB"PNBMNFBZWMCGEG".

NMQM[P[YZNICKZG,FGBP[YZNFCGZBK\’.

GM[PXTZNICKZG,FGBPXTZB\FYC"F.NMQBO

FBEOZDKNNECZBP\,HFKCKBNG\GTN\NDCK

FYC"F.FKKRGBOFCJKIP[FGNFYC"F,BHFGB

K[\ENN[PGZB\FCJI\G,P[GO[FGBNBZDKN

N[RG\CEKCGZG.GTNKEKHFKHMFN"F’XNL".[BO

FBEOKYKKO,PF[FGBBGPZFGBTG[F,DOFYC"F

KYKKOMRDEG."CZGLBGPZGTG[F".

GK[SKPQC[PKZ\FN[GQ,[NBNECZTNMN

[BV[Z,P[GO[T"KEKCGZGFGBPDNFB\PXVGRKNCG,

GTNKEKHFK[BIKHFNIKXGRKO.PJTO,MKMNHPQ[BKQ

FBEORYKC\MNK\,GM[FGBPDNFP[FGPVRKPKG\G,

BHK[MINSJZBBIZBNYJZDNPTNFGNF\NGXW

PTCGE\G.GBGPZ\,BKHFTCGEFFGBRG\QNPTNF,FNB

MNMGGR\GCTCGEFHGFKBZYNPJF.

GCHFK\GZWYG[KBTXGPF,FNBKEGT["PXGF

DGZZ\PXGF",GNPFBRGZGBKO[FZCFVTPKO[BEO

CBNKEKRVKNFPTCGE\G?

BNBMR"N,P[GO[FSJZBBIZBPSJR\

GPYJZD\TNTCGE\G.GBI"MFKBKGZE\GRGJN\B\

R[P\G.FKKRG,NBIZ[MCZFSJKRFNPTNF,GBPZF

[BKQTCGE\GRYKF,BNB[TGCECCIKR\YCNF

NTXPG,BHFKBKGZE\GRGJN\B\R[P\IKKO[NG,

YTC172

CHF[FKB[GBN\NFBEO:"PFTCGEFFHB\?".NMQ,

BVKNG[MCZHMFNBKHFFBZF[NR[P\IKKO,FGB

PBCEB\HFIHZF.

GFTXFNHF="FXRTNM\".[FKBNB\ET

PTCGE\G,CSGE"PNKCBNVGPBNBDNKB".[BHDO

FS"BNBKMGNFNET\PTCGE\G,P[GO[FKBNB

KGET\,ZYPF[PDNKOTNKEKEKCGZKOGPT[F,CHF

FKBKMGNFNF\BIH.

GXZKMKONET\,[TKYZKSGZKOGPMBGCKOCBKOTN

KEKFPYJZDKO.NMQTEMPF[BV[Z,XZKMKONFHFZ

PNECZ.GKG\ZPHFXZKMKONET\,BVKNGM[PECZKO

ECGZKIGN,DOMQP\DNFPXVGRKNCG.GHFSGE"RV[K

KGXBFCECZG".GHFGCZK\FN[GQ,[XZKMKONFHFZ.

GTKYZF[PKZFXZKLNFKG\CHPQTNKF,MKCHPQ

FKZKEFY[FNNM\CEZD\G[PKZ\DEGNG\.

SI.Y[ZFBEOBNFSVKZG\[PT\KK"CBEZ\["D

YGEOFIJB[NBEOFZB[GQ:

B.FKFDGVGPCKRFEPNMG\EPNMG\ET[KF.

C.GFKFNGRZ"QPCZKBF,GRZ"QPBXKNG\.

GBIZ[IJB

RVNDGVGNCIKR\P[MBEIGKB,[FGBFYNKVF

ECIKRFE’,FPMGRFTVZBETGNOFHF.GC\GMGPNGC[

DGUFVRKPKPYNKV\RGDF,[FGBIXKGJGCGIXKGZT.GMN

FPT[KOJGCKO,[FGBTG[F,FGBZYTODGVGERGDF.

GT"KFTSYC\GZFGPXG\,FGBPIHKZB\DGUFHF,

[KFKFMGNGJGC.GFDGU[NP[MBEIGKBP\VZEPPRG.

GBHFGBHGMFNRZ"QEYEG[F,NVKPT[KG.

YTD 173

Y[ZRZ"Q[NFBEOBNFSVKZG\.

B.TXOFRZ"Q[NFBEOFGBPCIKR\PNMG\[ND’

FSVKZG\:CKRFGHG"Q,[CMNTGNOPBCK"T.

C.GBOFGBHGMFNRZ"QERV[,FGBPYCNPD’

CIKRG\PNMG\ECKRFGHG"QET[KF.

D.GBOFGBHGMFNRZ"QEZGI,FGBPYCNPD’

CIKRG\PNMG\ECKRFGHG"QEKXKZF.

E.GBOFGBHGMFNRZ"QER[PF,FGBPYCNPD’

CIKRG\PNMG\ECKRFGHG"QECZKBF.

F.GBOFGBHGMFNRZ"QEIKF,FGBPYCNPD’

CIKRG\PNMG\ECKRFGHG"QEBXKNG\.

GHFGPF[BPZGIH"N,[BKQBEOPI[CBNB

P\GLFZFGZKNCG,[MNFDGURI[CNCIKR\NC.GFDO

[FBEOMNGNPE’CIKRG\EXI"P)EGPO,XGPI,IK,

PECZ(,BCNMGNORZ[PKOCFNC.

GFKG\[BIZFIJBRVNDGVG[NBEOFZB[GQ

NP[MBEIGKB,[FGBFYNKVFECIKRFE’,FPMGRF

"TVZBETGNOFHF".NMQM[FGBPI[C,MNPI[CG\KG

FO[NNCG,FKKRGDGVGPCIKR\P[MBEIGKB.

GM[FGBP\DCZTNKEKF\TSYG\GC\GZFGPXG\,

[HFGFSDGNFFKIKEF,BOFGBPMGGQCMEKNF[VKT

RI\ZGINKGXZG,BHF\G"PPHMMKOB\DGVG.VKZG[G,

[FP[MBEIGKBP\VZEPPRG.GFVGTNFYGEO[N

\G"P,FRYZB"YNKV\RGDF",[FGBCIKR\DGUFVRKPK,

[FKFPIXFJGCGPIXFZT,RT[FTM[KGNMGNGJGC,

[TRKRGFGB,[CBTM[KGNF[\GG\FXGZF.

GBHHGMFNRZ"QEYEG[F,NVKPT[KG.FKKRG

C\IKNFFGBP[KDRZ"QERV[PTGNOFT[KF.GBI"M,

M[FGBPCZZB\MNFCIKRG\[[KMKONTGNO

YTE174

FT[KF,BHFGBHGMFNRZ"QEZGIETGNOFKXKZF.TE

[P[KDRZ"QEIKFEBXKNG\.FKKRG[CMNVTORT[FNG

CRKQBIZCNKCG.HB\BGPZ\,CPYGO[FKFNG

PYGEODGUVRKPKPYNKV\RGDF,[FKFIXKFJGC

GIXKFZT,RT[FTM[KGFDGUFHF,TNKEKFHKMGL

[YCNP\GZFGPXG\,NCIKR\[MGNGJGC.

RPXBNVKHF,MKCHPQ[FKFNGDGUPCIKR\

P[MBEIGKB,FKFPGMZINI[GCGNF[MKNPG[MNG\

ZYP\GLFZFGZKNCG.[VKZG[G,MNPI[CG\KGFKGZY

BKLNPNBG\FZXGRG\,PF[FYNKVFPIKKC\BG\G,

GNBFKFNG[GOTXFNI[GCPI[CG\GNMGGQMGGR\,

ZYPF[R\KK[CTNNCG.GFNC[NGFKFBHCIKR\

P[MBEIGKB,[FGBFYNKVFFDZGTCKG\Z.

NMQKGXB[MPGMQ,CHPQ[HGMFTNKEKF\TSYG\G

C\G"PBVKNG[NBN[PF,BNB[FGBEGZ[GPCY[

PF’,[F[OK\’KTHGZNGTNKEKF\TSYG\C\G"P

CCIKR\"MNB[ZCKELGCMILNT[G\T[F",GPXVF

NZIPK[PKO,[F’KTHGZNGNFDKTTNKEKHFN[PF,

[MNF[MZPF[FGBEGZ[PF’TCGZTCGE\G,[KHMF

NT[G\CTP"RNF[VKTRI\ZGINKGXZG.MPG[BPZG

IH"N"FPBGZ[CFPIHKZGNPGJC".

BHPHEMLFDGUEP[MBEIGKB,FKKRGMR"N,[RVZE

PPRGFDGUFHFGHGMFNCRKQBIZNDPZK,EFKKRGNCRKQ

ERV[ET[KF.GMPGMQFGBPGSKUGFGNL,TE[P[KD

CRKQPRV[GZGIECKRFGH"BGPNMG\EBXKNG\.GDOBH

BKQNG[GOCZKZFNI[GCPI[CG\BIZG\,BNBNVK

PF[FCRKQEYEG[FPIKKC\BG\G.FKKRG[BKQNG

PYGONI[GCPI[CG\RDEFCRKQ[NG,BNBFGBPGMZI

NI[GCGNT[G\PT[KOZYTNFMGGRFNF[VKTRI\ZGI

YTF 175

NKGXZG,MVK[FCRKQ[NGEYEG[FPIKKC\BG\G.

FKGXBPMNFR"N,[BKQCKEKBEON\YQB\

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B\F’,BHKBPZ:MK"YRB\CK\LBMN\RK",[FGB

ZGXFN\YQB\FECZFHF.

[SI368

ZNH.MKNBKZBRKFBEOGIK

"MKNBKZBRKFBEOGIK")[PG\ND,M(.FKKRG

[BOFBEOKZBFF\DNG\BNGYG\C[KTGZKG\ZPMVK

[FGBPGMQTCGZGNZBG\,FGBKMGNNCGBNKEKYCNF,

[FKBCIKR\FVMKG\PIKKFIKKO,BHFGBCBNKEK

PK\F.NMQTNKGNNM\CEZMKFBPGRF.

ZNI.B[ZKBK[[NBK[MIL

GCQBEOK\BPWCLK’BNGN

"B[ZKBK[[NBK[MIL,GCQBEOK\BPWCL"

)PGSUNZ"F(.FRFCHPQ[FBEOFGNLCCIKR\NCQ,

XZKLNHMGZ\PKE,[MNPF[HMFFGBZYPSKC\

[YCNTNKGB\CIKR\F[IZG\.GXZKLNF\BPW

CCIKR\"CL"EGYB.TNEZL"GMNPBPKRKO[FGBBN

BPGRF",BUTNVK[NBZGBFTM[KG[GOPYGO

[KXJZLNTCGECCIKR\BPGRF,FKG\[FMNDNGKNVRKG=

GPMNPYGOFGBXZKLNFBPKQCCIKR\NPTNF

PFET\,[K[TGEPYGONFBPKQCCIKR\BPGRF.

GHFSGE:"GKZBK[ZBNB\FKEFDEGNF...GKBPKRG

CF’",FKKRGBUTNVK[HMGNCIKR\"GKZB",[FGBSGE

ZBKF,PMNPYGOFKFNFOFMITGENFBPKQCCIKR\

FBPGRF.

GTNECZHFXZKMKONF\BPXG\K\KZF,BIZ\

RGVNKOPPEZD\Q.MTKQNCRKG[PTK.HB\BGPZ\,

[BONBMQP[PT[EGYBCHPQ[K[NCRGRK\,KMGN

N[PGTN\GZFGPXGG\,[HFGMTKQ\RBK.BNBXZKMKO

N[PGTNNB\RBKO.NMQCHPQFNCRGRK\XZKMKO

[SJ 369

NFHFZ[NBNVDGOCCIKR\F[IZG\.GEKNPCKQ.

ZNJ.FIKNGYCKQPGIKQE[CGTG\

NE[C\CPRIF

IKNYCKQ[CGTG\,[FGBCIKR\TNKK\FH"BTE

BZKLBRVKQNCIKR\EKYRB,N[C\CPRIF[BHFGB

DOMQCIKR\TNKFNBZKLBRVKQ.

[CGTG\FGBCIKR\PGIKQEIMPFPCIKR\

K[SG"\,HB\BGPZ\PCIKR\CKRFF[CFNFKG\

IMPF.PF[BOMQ)[C\(FGBCIKR\D"ZECKRF,

FRI[C\NTXOFIMPF,[RCIR\[TGENBKXBF

PFZB[,GRCIR\[PNGC[CFCIKR\PGIBS\KPBF,

[FGBD"ZEIMPFGNBCIKR\G"Y.GMKGQ[FKBD"ZBKRF

KMGNF...BNBCSGEPPJFNPTNF,CNK[GOF\V[JG\

NPJF.NMQRCIR\NBGZFRYCF,KTQ[BKQNFF\V[JG\

NPJF.GNMQRYZB\[C\CIKR\RGYCB.PF[BKQMQKGO

JGC[FGBCIKR\H"\ECKRF,FRCIQNCIKR\G"Y=K[NG

F\V[JG\NPJF.NMQBVKNGBIZKMNFTNKG\[K[RO

CPXKBG\,PMNPYGOSGNOFPEZDG\NBR[\RF.

GBPZ,[HFFJTO[CRKFTGNOPMCEKOB\KGO

JGCKG\ZP[C\,BUTNVK[[C\FKBPEZDFKG\Z

DCGFF.PJTO[KGOJGCFGBH"\ECKRF,[K[NGF\DNG\

NPJF,PF[BKQMQ[C\FGBCIKR\D"ZECKRF[BKQ

DKNGKNPJF.GGEBK[[C\PEZD\FDCGFFCPTNFNBKQ

TZGLKG\ZPKGOJGC.

ZP.EZG[RBEGZ[KLCEZ[OVRKLB’SNKIG\X"G,PMCGEBBPG"Z[NKJ"B

"EZG[RBEGZ[KLCEZ[OVRKL,FEZ[NPGP[PK

[T370

PTGRL,GN[GGT\IKRGROBN\TNOBHRL")SNKIG\NKGO

ZB[GQ(.FRF...[\MNK\CZKB\FTGNOFK\FNFJKC

NRCZBKG.BLMEK[KFBF\KYGQF[NOCMN[NPG\G,

XZKL[KFBCIKR\PK\GYEPE\FEKQCZIPKO.[TRKQ

FEKQFGBCIKR\FDENG\,BLMEK[NBKCGBTNKEKHF

NCIKR\[KRGKFXGZF,XZKL[\FKFCIKRF[FKBMTKQ

V[ZF:NVKFEKQFK\FPYCN\KG\Z,BCNTEKKQFKF

CEZLSMRF,[NBKCGBNKEKCIKR\[KRGKXGZF=BCN

M[FGBPPGHDTOPE\FZIPKO,BHKBKRRFPYCN\

B\DENG\FBGZGBHKMGNFNCGBNKEKF[\GG\FXGZF.

GF\KYGQFGBTNKEK[PMNKYCNFRT[K\CIKR\

"YCNFTNPR\NF[VKT".

NMQM[FBEOCBNEZG[B\F’,BHKFGBTEKKQ

ECGYCCIKR\YCNF,GPK[K[NGCIKR\YCNFRYZB

ISZ,GRYZBBZGZ,GBKQBZGZP\ECYCCZGL.BCNPK

[PYCNTNPR\NF[VKTBHKFGBRYZBCZGL,KTQ

[NBKISZNGMNGOTE[KFBFGBXZKLNYCNC[CKN

TXPG.RPXB,MKMNFYG[KG\FGBZY[KFKFFBEO

CCIKR\CZGL,[ZYCSDGN\\GZFGPXGG\KMGNKO

NFVGLFMNKYCNFNMNKF[VTF.GHF[BRGP\VNNKO:

"EZG[RBEGZ[KL".

[K[C’PKRKEGZ[KO:K[[EGZ[KOZYC[CKN

VRKL,PF[EGZ[KOFGBZYNF[VKT,NMQPF[FO

EGZ[KONYCNBKHFK[GTG\FGBZYC[CKNVRKL.GTN

HFBPZ:CEGZ[OVRKL,BNGFEGZ[KOC[CKNVRKL=

FEZ[NPGP[PKPTGRL,FKKRG[K\DNFB\[PK

PTGRL,KTQ[FOMCZNBKVDPGNPTNF,KTQ[FO

RYKKOPCIKR\YCNF.GN[GGT\IKRGRO,[MNF\VKNG\

GFCY[G\FOTEKKQNXGZLTXPO,[FOZGXKO[KFB

[TB 371

PYGZCNF’K\CZL,FKKRG[FOTEKKQBKROPRGYKO

PCIKR\YCNF.

KTQ[K[C’CIKRG\CTCEG\F’K\CZL:K[PK

[ZGXF[\FBF\DNG\BNGYG\CTGNO,[MGNOKETG

[K[BNGYG\CTGNO.GBHBKQFGBCBPXT,ZY[FGB

ZGXFS\O,GBHBKBV[ZNGPZ[K[NGCIKR\YCNF,

KTQ[FGBBKRGP\VNN[\FKFF\YZCG\F’K\CZL,

ZY[K\DNFMCGE[PKOCTGNO.GK[PK[P\VNN[FGB

K\YZCNF’K\CZL,GBHMCZFGBCBPXT,GBH[KKL

NGPZCIKR\YCNFNTXPG,KTQ[FGBZGXFNYCN[VT

TNPR\[FGBK\YZCNF’K\CZL.GHFRYZB"IKRGRO",

GMQRYZB"[GGTF".GPK[FGBTEKKQCCIKR\IKRGRO,

EFKKRG[FOK\YZCG=FOKMGNKONT[G\CIKR\

[GGTF,GTNKFO=BN\TNOBHRL.

MKZYPKNG[K[ISZGQTG[FXTYG\.BCNC[CKN

BIZNB[KKL[GGTF,ZYCIKR\EZK[F,MPG"EZK[\

[NGO".NMQTNCIKR\VRKO[KKLZYCIKR\EZK[F.

P[PKPTGRL,FKKRGCIKR\TKRKKO,BGZFIMPF,

[FOKYCNGTXPG\F[VT,KTQ[FMNKO[NFOMCZ

CCIKR\YCNFTNPR\NF[VKT.BCNBNG[FOCCIKR\

IKRGRO=BN\TNOBHRL,CIKR\BGHQ,CKRF,FOXZKMKO

NFP[KLMI[KFKFNFOCCIKR\F[VTF...TNBGZ

EISEKO.

ZPB.YZBGFGCFKG\GYZGC

"YZBGFGCFKG\GYZGC")K[TKFGRF,G(.XZKL

NFCKQPFGCFKG\GYZGC,FNB"PNBMNFBZWMCGEG",

GRPXB[\PKEFGBYZGC,BOMQPFG"CFKG\G",

P[PT[K[HPQ[BKRGYZGC.

[TC372

GFTRKQFGB,[\PKEPI[CKOB\FPXCKOMNVK

FBEOFP[KDGFPZDK[,[BOBKQFBEOPZDK[B\

YZC\GK\CZLBNKGBHKBKQKGXBPHF[GOECZ,BNB

FMNRPEENVKFZD[\FBEO.[KMGNNFKG\[BEO

BIEKZDK[TGNOPNBMNJGC,GF[RK[BKRGPZDK[

B\JGCG[NFTGNO,BHKBKQFGBKMGNNGPZ[K[

TGNOJGC,BNB[BGPZMVKFZD[\G,FKKRG[FGB

TGNOPNBKSGZKO.

GTNHFCBFRCKBGPHFKZ:"YZBGFGCFKG\G

YZGC".[FGBCBGBGPZ:ETGNMO,HF[B\OYGZBKO

NF’=RP[LPHF[FGBYZGC,HB\BGPZ\TM[KGK[

NMOFHEPRG\,BO\[KPGNCBHK\ZDK[G[F’K\CZL

YZGCBNKMO,GHFGSKPQTNFYKZCF[NF’K\CZL.

GFZBKFNHF,P[GO[XZKMKONET\[FBEOPXE

JCTGBKRGPGM[ZNECYG\F’K\CZL,FKG\[HFGRDE

JCTG,MKFBEOPXEFCZKBFK[NGZXGQBLNYCN,

GECYG\FGBBLNF[VKT=BNBPXE[F’K\CZLYGZB

NBEO,PHFR\ZYOCGJCT[RK,[FGBZGXFNCJNB\

JCTGGNFECYCGK\CZL.

GNMQTNFBEONET\,MKHF[PECZEKCGZK\GZF

G\VKNF=FGBZYPXEF’K\CZL,GBNKTNFCET\G

NGPZ[HFGMGIKGTGXOKEK,P[GO[HFGPP[FGVMK

PMGIG.GHFGEGPFNBEO[\GTFCKTZTCG\,GBKRG

ZGBF[GOPGXBNXB\PPRGGNFDKTNPYGOK[GC,BH

FGBR[BZPKGB[GBKQIG[CBUVTONIHGZNCK\G.

GC[TF[ZGBFPZIGYBKHFBK[,BG[GPTBKHFYGN

[NBEO,\KMUK\TGZZCGFZXGQGFI[YNIHGZ

NPYGZG,GP\IKNNXTGYGNCY[PPK[FG[KCGB

GKXKNG.MPGMQPK[FGB\TFCEZLFJGCGRMRS

[TD 373

NPYGOZT,GMCZFZDKNB\TXPGNIKG\CKQFIKG\

FZTG\=PXEFZXGQNYCNBUVTONBKTNFCET\G

[XZKLN[GCNPYGOK[GC=FET\EYEG[F.BNB

M[[GPTB\FYGNYGZBBNKGBHKFGBP\TGZZ

C\[GCF.GHFGYGNF’,GNBYGN[NTXPG.ZY[BO

TEKKQNBF[NKOB\PT[KGTNEZLF\KYGQ,FGBNB

KMGNNFZDK[GNFBPKQ[HFKFKFYGNF’,GFGBIG[C

[HFGMGIGGTGXOKEG.TNHFPHFKZFRCKB,[FBEO

XZKLNF\DCZTNET\GGPI[C\G,GNFBPKQCBPGRF

[NPF[HFGYGNF’.

GNMQM[F’K\CZLZGXFNFGXKBGPSCMKFKTZ,BHK

PZBFNGBKHFBGZPZIGY,GFBEOPBSUGPYCWB\

[BZK\MGIGNNM\a#[CKN[FBGZP\ZBFBNKGCMEK

NF[KDG.GBOBKRGPKKISB\FBGZNF’,GBKRGBGPZ

[F’K\CZLYGZBBNKG,BHFBGZRBCEPPRG,GR[BZ

[GCTGPEC\GLFKTZ.RPXB[CPYGO[FKFKMGN

TM[KGNDNG\B\MNNCGNF’[KCGBGKXKNGPFPYGO

FZT,FKKRGPFZXGQNYCN,GNFCKBGNPYGOK[GCFET\,

FRYZBPYGOCRK"BEO",CSGE"BEPFNTNKGQ",FKKRG

CCIKR\ZXGQNF[VKT,CSGEFECYG\,BHKBKRGPRXN

B\FFHEPRG\FHGGR[BZ[GCMPYGEO.

ZPC.PFGFTRKQN[PIFTRKKO

CKGOJGC,CTCGEFD’EIGF"PSGMG\

CHFZ:IGNYKFEYGE[BCZKLFGBNPIEK

NPSMRKGMG’.GVKZ[[OCFSGNO:MKGQ[ZBF

FYEG[CZGLFGB,[FNBN[PFBKQPCKBGN[PF

GMG’,SNKYNIZCBTNPB.FKKRG[PVSKYKQNGF[VT

[TE374

)FYEP\SVZFHFZBG\YTF(.

GBV[ZNGPZ,[CHPQ[CBFNBEOFBZF

PNPTNF,BVKNGCHPQ[FBEOTEKKQNBCBNCIKR\

JFZF=GPMNPYGOBOFBEONGYIB\FFBZFFHG

CMEKNFDCKFB\TXPGP[VNG\G,GNF\YZCTNKEKHF

NCIKR\F[VTF,BHKRYZB[F[NBN[PFPCKBNG

N[PF.FKKRG[FGNLTNEZLF\GZF.

GHFRYZB"PBQEIEKCPGTEKB":[TRKQPGTEFKKRG

KGOJGC,GCJI[BKQNLKGOJGCKG\ZDEGN,PCHPQ

[PBKZFNBEOBKHGFBZFPNPTNF,[PYZC\GNF’

K\CZL.

ZPD.TRKQCEKY\FXN

CNKNFG[TRBZCFM"EBEZB’\["D\"B

TRKQFXN,[RGFDKQ[CNKNFG[TRBZCFMNBIE

CGEYB\TXPGBOK[NGXNGBHFGBCJGI[KFKFNG

MNJGC)[TZFMGGRG\EZG[KSGMG\G=H(.TRKQFXN

FGBSGEFNCG[,[CNCG[FHFP\NC[FBGZ.GCNK

NCG[BKQBGZ,PJTO[BKQBGZCNKMNK.GNVKDGEN

FNCG[KOMQP\DENKOGP\ZCKOFBGZG\.GCHPQ

[RBCENGNCG[,CBG\G[KTGZRISZPPRGCIKR\BGZ

F[KKLNNCG[.

GHFSGEBP\=GBPGRF,BP\RYZBFBGZ

GFBPGRFRYZBFMNK.[HFSGEYGE[BCZKLFGB=

G[MKR\KF.GHFSGE"RT[FBEOCXNPRG",G"CXNO

K\FNLBK[",[FNKM\G[NFBK[\NGKFCXNO,FKKRG

CCIKR\BPGRF.GHFTRKQ[CFG[TRBZCF,XZKLFBEO

NZBG\BOCIKR\FBPGRF[NGFKBC[NPG\.

[TF 375

GPF[BRGYGZBKQCTGNPG\NPTNF"XNO",FNB

NPTNFBKQ[GOMGCE[NBPGRF,BNBPF[P\EPF

BNKRGCIKR\KC[G\FGBNPTNFBGZDEGN.BNB[BRG

YGZKQF[OFHFNPTNF,PJTO[P\DNFBNKRGCCIKR\

XN,GTN[OF\I\GQBRGYGZKQMLNPTNF.

CKRFRYZB\CIKR\BPGRF,[FGBSGEBGZFBGHQ,

CIKR\[PKTF.IMPFRYZB\CIKR\ZBKF,[FGBSGE

BGZFCBNMNKOEYCNF,[FGBCIKR\TKRKKO.

\.G.[.N.C.T

[TG376

\GMQTRKRKO

B.BKQTGEPNCEG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

C.TRKQ[MKR\BCDNG\B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

D.TRKQFF[DFFZGIRK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

E.PFGSKC\FMCKEG\,[FBEOPZDK[CCJGNNF’,CTCGEF.12

F.N[PFHFGB\TZG\BENTKNB.GNPFXZKMKOB\TZG\B

EN\\B?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

G.PFGSPMKQC\GZF,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

H.PFG,FFZDNRT[FJCT[RK,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

I.PFG,FCENCKQXNEYEG[FNXNES"B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

J.PFG,D’ECZKO[PZIKCKOET\G[NBEO,CTCGEF. . . . . .29

K.PFG,CZIEGEK,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

KB.TRKQDKNFCZTEF,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

KC.TKYZTCGE\FBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

KD.TRKQZPGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

KE.PFGZGPPG\F’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

JG.PFG,BNFKOBIZKO,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

JH.PFGKGOF’GNKNF’,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

KH.PFG,[FS"BRYZB\,PNMG\BCNK\DB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

KI.PFG,CPS\ZKO\CMFRV[K,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

KJ.PFG,[FYC"F[GRBB\FDGVKO,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

M.TRKQN[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

MB.CHPQ[FBEOPZDK[B\TXPGCCIKR\TNKF. . . . . . . . . . .62

MC.\GZFN[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

MD.BGFCKF’[RBGZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

ME.PKEZ[TKOKXKNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

MF.ECZKOFKGXBKOPFNC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

MG.FT\KE[NFBEO\NGKGY[GZCFGEBFTNFTCZ. . . . . . . .69

MH.PFGZOF’G[VNKZBF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

MI.NBBPG\MKBIKF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

MJ.M[CBKOFZFGZKONBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

N.TKYZNZXG\ZYNF[VKT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

[TH 377

NB.MN[ZGIFCZKG\RGIFKPRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73

NC.DGZNFGBSGEB\TZG\BENTKNB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

ND.TRKQDGZNG\,[FKFCKGOMVGZKO,GBXNFPQ. . . . . . . . . . . .75

NE.K\ZGQBZWCMNFGB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

NF.CTRKQFIKG\EYEG[F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

NG.PFG,D’CIKRG\DGVKOCBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

NH.PBPZNVGZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

NI.KZB\F’FGBBGXZG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112

NJ.GK\VZGTNF\BRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

P.BPGR\ZCG,PFGF[KTGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

PB.PFGYJRG\GDENG\CBPGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121

PC.PFG,[ZB[K\KCG\BNGN"BRKNEGEKGEGEKNK"

PZPH\CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

PD.TRKQBP\GBPGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129

PE.PGIBGNCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

PF.C’CIKRG\C\GZFGCTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132

PG.[NKJ\K[ZBNTNFYNKVG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134

PH."CPYGO[B\FPGXBDENG\G". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135

PI.TKYZFKSGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136

PJ.TKYZFGBPGIBGNKCB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

R.[RKPXCKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

RB.BOVDTCLPRGGNHF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

RC.BKQTCKZFPMCFPXGGF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

RD.TRKQFDCNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

RE.PJZ\FTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

RF.FPQPQF\GZFPRKQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

RG.\GZFRYZBKGZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148

RH.KYZKCBG\GNZXGRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

RI.F[PIFFKBCIKR\"PZBF"PPT[KOJGCKO. . . . . . . . .153

RJ.TRKQPJFGRI[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

S.PXGFFCBFCTCKZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

SB.GSCKCKGR[TZFPBE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161

SC.KGZEGPSK\TGNFGPYJZD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

[TI378

SD.NGGTNKGBRKVGZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

SE.P\GL[NBN[PFCBKON[PF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

SF.TRKQRDNFGTRKQRS\Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167

SG.TRKKQP\Q\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

SH.SGZPZT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171

SI.Y[ZFBEOBNFSVKZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

SJ.PYGEOKFKF\KYGQFTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177

T.CKEIHYFGCIKPF[VGMF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178

TB.CPS\ZKO\CMFRV[K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179

TC.FCJIGQFGBFNCG[NFBGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180

TD.NBIZFXPXGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

TE.TRKQTGNO[RFRV[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

TF.K[CIKR\TGNOFCB,GK[CIKR\TGNOFHF. . . . . . . . . . .184

TG.TNMNYZCRL\YZKCPNI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

TH.R[P\BEO\NPERG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185

TI.BGZKK\BGYC"FGK[ZBNIEFGB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

TJ.BXKNG\GCK"T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186

V.TRKQBIGZCBIGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

VB.TRKQFTNB\P"Q. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188

VC.F\VKNF[XZKMKQNF\VNN\PKE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189

VD.TRKQG’KPKRK\,G’[PBNK\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190

VE.PFG,GKDZ[B\FBEOPDQTEQ,PJTO[NBKYI

PTWFIKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192

VF.PFG,VZKTWFEZ,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

VG.GKCQTZKPSMRG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195

VH.[C\[YNKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205

VI.MNFTCGEFFGBZYCPYGO[K[C’EZMKO. . . . . . . . . . . .208

VJ.CMEKNFCKQB\ECZKFHF"Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

X.CHFZCZB[K\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209

XB.TRKQCRK\PGZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210

XC.CKBGZNCIKR\PHNB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

XD.TRKQSRVKZGY[Y[\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211

XE.G[PZ\OB\RV[G\KMO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

[TJ 379

XF.TRKQFSZ\FTZNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .213

XG.PFGVSGN\DGZQGKYC,CTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215

XH.TRKQVSGN\DGZQGKYC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .219

XI.ZGIRKG\RYZB,PF[NBK\CJNNTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220

XJ.Z[TBGXEKYNBYBPZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221

Y.\GZF[CM\CG\GZF[CTNVF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228

YB.CKBGZNFHPZ"NPRXITN[G[RKO". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229

YC.GNYI\ONMOVZKTWFEZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230

YD.KECRGNCG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232

YE.GFPICNFGKK\KC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233

YF.PPHZ\NPKEIMOYGEONMFQDEGNTOFBZW. . . . . . . . .234

YG.PFGFZPH[NK"CING\C[C\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237

YH.TRKQC’FPNBMKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238

YI.BO\THCRKKGO,KGPKOBTHCL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .239

YJ.C’PKRKC[Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243

YK.[EFB[ZCZMGF’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245

YKB.FCN,YGNGEKCGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246

YKC.[N[\FPNBMKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248

YKD.\VKN\[PGRFT[ZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257

YKE.TRKQ\VKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

YJG.TRKQEGPO,XGPI,IK,PECZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .259

YJH.NPBQEBPZPXGG\BKQXZKMG\MGGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261

YKH.KDT\GNBPXB\BN\BPKQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262

YKI.NFCKQTRKQCZMKOB[ZMZTGNCTN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .264

YKJ.FFGB\NPKEENPECI[BK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265

YM.JTOTNPRFD[NBBGMNKQBDGHKOCZB[F[RF. . . . . . . .266

YMB.FK\FMBRKG\SGIZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .266

YMC.NFCKQPF[PCGBZC[GNIQTZGL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268

YMD.TRKQDKJGGKEGCBKQMBIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

YME.[C\CZB[K\=GE[K\BBNVK[RK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270

YMF.FPTRDB\F[C\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272

YMG.IMOCBNTKZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274

YMH.NFCKQFFVZ[CKQTKYZGTXPG\,G\GSV\[VT. . . . . . . . .276

[V380

YMI.PFBKDNDN\BRJKUJNBNH"B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .278

YMJ.CIKR\[MKR\BCTVZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

YN.JCZKBEZH"N,JGCFZBK\L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .280

YNB.FCBNJFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

YNC.CHKT\BVKL\BMNNIO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

YND.BGZG\E[C\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .281

YNE.KKQFP[MZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

YNF.RYKGXEKYBN\FZGD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282

YNG.FIKNGYCKQBDZG\FZB[GRG\NBDZG\FBIZGRG\. . . . . . .282

YNH.XNVIEFKFPYG[[TXKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

YNI.TRKQKZBFGVIE[CBNVTPKONFBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

YNJ.FCENP[[\KPKFPT[FN[C\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .284

YP.PFBFC\K\GZ\L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

YPB.TRKQIDFVSI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

YPC.TKYZFPNIPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285

YPD.BLJGCNK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .286

YPE.K[RGTOBIE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

YPF.PFGKFKCIMP\BNIMKPKQEGYB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .287

YPG.VKZG[TNHFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

YPH.TRKQFTCGEF[NYCNFGF[VTF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

YPI.CKZGZPZGP\GY,BP\G[YZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .290

YPJ.NPFXZKMKONFP[KLCIKR\IMPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .291

YR.HPZGNF’,MKDBG\T[F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292

YRB.GKZBK[ZBNB\PXZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

YRC.MKF[GIEKTGZTKRKIMPKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293

YRD.FPI[CFFKB\GNEFPFZXGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

YRE.BKBV[ZNFKG\INNZKYCTGNO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295

YRF.RYKG\FDGU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

YRG.VQNYIPTWFIKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .296

YRH.BRKK[RFGNKCKTZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297

YRI.JTO[NBRGFDKONBMGNBIEBXNF[RKCVSI. . . . . . . .299

YRJ.GKFKCKPKOFZCKOFFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .300

YS.JTOFXRTCPXGG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301

[VB 381

YSB.TRKQP\Q\GZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .302

YSC.TRKQ"IHY"[BGPZKOBIZSKGOFSEZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . .304

YSD.TRKQPF[BPZGCTNKHFZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305

YSE.K[FVZ[CKQD[PKG\NZGIRKG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305

YSF.CKBGZNCY[\BNK[TPBNKFG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306

YSG.C’CIKRG\CF[DF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .306

YSH.JTONPF[YGZKQ[C\\[GCF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307

YSI.PRFDKK[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .308

YSJ.TRKQXEKYDPGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

YT.NBKFKFCMKSLBCQDEGNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309

YTB.HFZ,BPGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310

YTC.TRKQFPRKTG\GFTKMGCKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

YTD.PEGTBGPZKONIKKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313

YTE.TRKQFS\Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .314

YTF.GFKFMKKZIYPPL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315

YTG.CT\[\KK\K"[BIZFFCENF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

YTH.TRKQMVZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317

YTI.TRKQD’[G\VKQCBEO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318

YTJ.TRKQD’YGKQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319

YV.CHFZ,BPGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .321

YVB.TRKQMCGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322

YVC.P[FG[NPF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

YVD.CIKR\P[KI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

YVE.FFCENCKQBPGRFNF[MN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .323

YVF.TOFBZW,BKP\[C\TNKG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

YVG.T[F[C\LIGNGBN\XJZLNCZKG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

YVH.NFMZKTCKDKTF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .325

YVI.MNFTCGEFFKBZYCPYGO[K[C’EZMKO. . . . . . . . . . . .326

YVJ.FPT[FVGTNTNFPI[CF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .326

YX.MNVTGNFTG[FZG[O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .327

YXB.HPQFKZKEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330

YXC.TRKQFDGZNG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .331

YXD.TRKQMG\NBIEP[P[N[RKFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .333

[VC382

YXE.TRKQH’[NPKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .334

YXF.HMGBIK[RF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336

YXG.BIKHFNIKXGRKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .337

YXH.SVZSGVZSKVGZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338

YXI.IKZG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .338

YXJ.NMNBK[K[ZBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

Z.FHEMMG\FPSL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339

ZB.ZGIRKG\GD[PKG\. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

ZC.CHKT\BVKL\BMNNIO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .340

ZD.DBG\BEO\[VNRG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341

ZE.PJZ\FTCGEF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342

ZF.FIMPFCIGW\ZGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343

ZG.TRKQBPGRFG\TRGD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

ZH.TRKQYCNFNF[VKT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .344

ZI.TRKQFKDKTF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346

ZJ.D’\RBKOC\VKNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346

ZK.PGOKVF[CL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347

ZKB.MTGPECVRKPNL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347

ZKC.IKCGYFKPKQGIKCGYF[PBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .348

ZKD.TRKQDKNGKFISZGQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349

ZKE.RGETC[TZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350

ZJG.TRKQBPGRF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352

ZJH.KPKQG[PBN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353

ZKH.BOBKQBRKNKPKNK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .353

ZKI.BGZKK\BGYGC"FIEFGB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354

ZKJ.TRKQPSKZG\RV[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355

ZM.TRKQKSGZKO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356

ZMB.Z[G\FMN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357

ZMC.TRKQINY[RG\RKQNS"B,MEK[KVZEPFYEG[F. . . . . . . .357

ZMD.NCG[=[Y=[YZ=[YE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358

ZME.TRKQKSGERGYCBGKSGEEEMGZB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

ZMF.NFDCKFB\TXPG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359

ZMG.\GZF[CM\CG\GZF[CTNVF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360

[VD 383

ZMH.[MZPXGF,PXGF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360

ZMI.EDKOYGEPKONC[Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360

ZMJ.MKSKFPQ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .361

ZN.ZOF’G[VNKZBF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362

ZNB.JFZ\FMNKYCNF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363

ZNC.F[NP\FKDKTF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .364

ZND.TRKQPIKNFSNKIFGMVZF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365

ZNE.FVGSYPECZK\GZFGTGSYCECZK[KIF. . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

ZNF.PS\MNCSVZPIE[. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

ZNG.MKIZVGRKXGZZKMNFKGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .367

ZNH.MKNBKZBRKFBEOGIK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369

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