shape of the nation report: status of physical education in the usa 2006 national association for...
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Shape of the Nation Report:Shape of the Nation Report:Status of Physical Education Status of Physical Education
in the USAin the USA20062006
National Association for Sport and National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE)Physical Education (NASPE)
American Heart Association (AHA)American Heart Association (AHA)
Key RecommendationsKey RecommendationsQuality physical education is provided to all
students as an integral part of K-12 education
Adequate time (i.e., 150 minutes per week for elementary school students; 225 minutes per week for middle and high school students) is provided for physical education at every grade, K to 12
Key Recommendations (cont’d)Key Recommendations (cont’d)All states develop standards for student
learning in physical education that reflect the National Standards for Physical Education
All states set minimum standards for student achievement in physical education
Successfully meeting minimum standards in physical education is a requirement for high school graduation
Key Recommendations (cont’d)Key Recommendations (cont’d)Other courses and activities that include
physical activity should not be substituted for instructional physical education
Physical education is delivered by certified/licensed physical education teachers
Quality physical education is provided Quality physical education is provided to all students as an integral part to all students as an integral part
of K-12 educationof K-12 education
States mandate physical educationElementary school – 36 states (71%)Middle school – 33 states (65%)High school – 42 states (83%)
Approximately 1/3 of states DO NOT mandate physical education at the elementary and
middle school level
State Mandates for Physical EducationState Mandates for Physical Education
Adequate time is provided to physical Adequate time is provided to physical education at every grade, K to 12education at every grade, K to 12
States that mandate a specific amount of instructional time
Elementary school – 11 states (22%)Middle schools – 7 states (14%)High school – 10 states (20%)
Time Requirements That Meet Time Requirements That Meet National RecommendationsNational Recommendations
Elementary school (150 minutes/week) – 2 states Louisiana New Jersey
Middle school (225 minutes/week) – 1 state Montana
High school (225 minutes/week) – 4 “states” District of Columbia Indiana Montana South Carolina
States develop standards for student States develop standards for student learning in physical education that learning in physical education that reflect the National Standards for reflect the National Standards for
Physical EducationPhysical Education
47 states and the District of Columbia have state standards for physical education
Three do not:IowaMinnesotaOhio
Alignment of state standards with Alignment of state standards with national standardsnational standards
47 45 44464647
0
10
20
30
40
50
Motor Skill
sFitness
Knowledge
Personal/social re
sponsibility
Regular partic
ipation in PA
Value PA
All states set minimum standards All states set minimum standards for student achievement in for student achievement in
physical educationphysical education15 states require student assessment in physical education
11 states – physical fitness levels 10 states – knowledge of physical education
content 9 states – motor/movement skills 3 states – participation in physical activity outside
of physical education class
Successfully meeting minimum Successfully meeting minimum standards in PE is a requirement for standards in PE is a requirement for
high school graduationhigh school graduation
Required HS credits0.5 credit – 8 states1 credit – 14 states1.5 credits – 6 states2 credits – 6 states3.75 credits – 1 state
Graduation test16 states have oneNone include
physical education
Other courses and activities that Other courses and activities that include physical activity include physical activity
should not be substituted for should not be substituted for instructional physical educationinstructional physical education18 states (35%) – provide
exemptions/waivers to school districts27 states (53%) – permit schools
districts/schools to allow substitutions by students
ROTC – 18 states Interscholastic sports – 17 states Marching band – 11 states
Physical education is delivered Physical education is delivered by certified/licensed by certified/licensed
physical education teachersphysical education teachers
States that require teacher certification/licensure in physical educationElementary school – 28 states (57%)Middle school – 43 states (84%)High school – 46 states (90%)
National Board CertificationNational Board Certification30 states (59%) actively support physical education teachers going through the National Board Certification (NBC) process29 states – promote NCB and encourage
teachers to register18 states – provide mentoring14 states – provide NBC teachers with a higher
ongoing level of pay12 states – provide a one-time monetary bonus
to new NBC teachers
Online Physical EducationOnline Physical Education
12 states (24%)Online courses
6 states – comprehensive physical education (addressing all state or national standards)
5 states – personal fitness/wellness course2 states – sport courses2 states – weight training courses
State Physical Education State Physical Education CoordinatorCoordinator
Undergraduate or graduate degree in physical education (“qualified”) – 30 states
51% or more time dedicated to physical education – 14 states
Both of the above – 11 statesAZ, AR, DE, HI, IA, MS, NJ, NY, NC, SC, WY
““Best” and “Worst” States for Best” and “Worst” States for Physical Education Physical Education Requirements
However,
Requirements ≠ Overall Quality
““Best” StatesBest” StatesRhode Island – Requires 1-12, and does not allow exemptions, waivers, or substitutions Massachusetts – Requires K-12, but permits school districts or schools to allow students to substitute other activities for required PEIllinois – Requires K-12, but grants exemptions/waivers for school districts re time or credit requirements and permits school districts or schools to allow students to substitute other activities for required PENew Jersey – Requires 1-12, requires 3.75 credits of high school PE, but permits school districts or schools to allow students to substitute other activities for required PE
““Worst” States (Worst” States (not in any order)not in any order)
Alaska – Does not require PE for ES, MS, HS; does not require certified/licensed PE teachers for ES, MS, HSColorado – Does not require PE for ES, MS, HS; does not require certified/licensed PE teachers for ES, MS, HSHawaii – Does not require certified/licensed PE teachers for ES, MS, HSIowa – No state standards for physical educationMichigan – Does not require PE for ES, MS, HSMinnesota – No state standards for physical educationNorth Dakota – Does not require PE for ES, MS, HSOhio – No state standards for physical educationSouth Dakota – Does not require certified/licensed PE teachers for ES,
MS, HSTexas – Does not require certified/licensed PE teachers for ES, MS, HSWyoming – Does not require PE for ES, MS, HS
Body Mass Index (BMI)Body Mass Index (BMI) Three states require schools to measure body mass
index (BMI) of studentsArkansasCaliforniaIllinois
Uses of BMI dataAggregate data is sent to the state – 2 statesIndividual student results sent to parents – 2
statesResearch study – 2 states
Critical Research Studies NeededCritical Research Studies Needed Relationship between physical competence (motor
skills), learned in school physical education classes, and physical activity participation throughout the lifespan
Relationship between school physical education and physical activity participation outside of physical education class during the K-12 school years
Relationship between school physical education and school behavioral and learning outcomes