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SHRIMP (Pacific white shrimp) FARM BIOSECURITY:
PRACTICAL METHODS TO PREVENT VIRUS ENTERING
FARM AND QUARANTINE IF INFECTED TO PREVENT
FROM SPREADING.
Nyan Taw
Hang Tuah University, Surabaya – INDONESIAOctober 28-29, 2010
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHRIMP AQUACULTURE
Introduction
The success or failure in shrimp aquaculture is how successful one can prevent and control the viral (mainly WSSV) out breaks. Biosecurity had been applied in Indonesia since introduction of L. vannamei from 2002 (Nyan Taw et al, 2002, 2007, 2008 & 2009; Nyan Taw, 2005 & 2010). Most recently an article specifically on farm biosecurity will be published in GAA November/December, 2010 issue (Nyan Taw, 2010b)
Most locations in Asia are not viral free. One must be able to operate amid viral threats. One important factor is to understand the character of virus you are trying to protect from. Biosecurity starts with quality of farm design. This is followed by biosecure operation system. With quality farm design, operation system and biosecurity awareness training, the viral (WSSV) issue can be minimized.
WSSV
What we are protecting from ?
IMPORTANT POINTS TO FOLLOW
1. Biosecurity (Correct defination)2. Know your enemy (Information)3. Preventive measures (Information)4. Implementation (Do it)5. Timely (On time)6. Strict discipline (No exceptions)7. Be serious (Better safe then sorry)
WAF, AW & NT (2005 ) WAS Bali
Basic WSSV Characters
1. Mass mortality: DOC <45 days
2. Temperature >30 less prone; <29 more prone; <26 dangerous.
3. Onset of heavy rain (season) with low temperature trigger outbreaks.
Seasonal occurrence is well document.
4. Virus dies in free water in 72 hours
5. Crustacean are carrier (crabs) – lives with virus.
6. Virus lives in freshly dead, indefinitely in fresh processed frozen condition
7. Virus can live and survived after mortality Vannamei
8. Bacteria white patch (spots) on carapace can be mistaken as WSSV spots.
Pond Construction
HDPE lined ponds
Semi-lined ponds
Earthen ponds
Farming Technology
Reservoir system – module
with quarantine & treatment
ponds
Farm Management
Follow strict biosecurity on
the management system
SPF Post Larvae (PL)
Healthy PLs from hatchery which
use NBC broodstock
SPF Broodstock
Use SPF broodstock from
certified Nucleus Breeding
Center (NBC)
Air borne
Birds pickup infected dead or
live shrimp and drops into
culture ponds; Human ?
Water borne
Crustaceans; Free living WSSV in
water; human and equipments.
Human transmission.
People involved in farming
(Technicians, workers, guests, etc)
Environmental stress
Minimize stress on shrimp in ponds.
Application of feeds, treatment of pond
water, paddle wheels in right place and
in operation, high density without
appropriate energy input, etc.
Land borne
Carriers – crustaceans crabs, human, domestic
and wild animals, etc
Feed
Do not use fresh feed -
trash fish, bivalves, etc.
Farm Biosecurity - Factors
Stocking Density
Stocking density/ Energy input/ Pond construction/system -balanced
1. Use SPF post larvae (PL)
2. Use reservoir module system- water treatment system, operate as SOP
3. Balanced - stocking density, energy input, pond construction & system.
4. Use crab fence – all in place
5. Use bird scare lines - all in place
6. Control workers’ movement – farm/farm; module/module, row/row
7. No handling (touching) unnecessary – only person responsible can handle.
8. Minimize workers – minimum worker team: stocking, harvest, sampling.
9. Use chemical (sun drying) to disinfect all equipment– screen net, cast net, etc.
10.All equipment in operation – eg. PWAs, water pumps, siphon equipment, etc.
11. Educate people on biosecurity
12. Environmental cleanliness – Car dip, pond, water, housing, etc.
13. Control Human traffic– guest, workers, technicians, Management personal, etc.
Farm Biosecurity - Implementation
Shrimp Farm, Indonesia(Nyan Taw Shrimp Farming GAA 2005)
Nyan Taw Shrimp Farming Indo ..GAA 2005
Shrimp Farms Modules with reservoir system
Shrimp Farm. Malaysia
Module system to control viral disease (WSSV)
Physical barriers to prevent viral carriers – use 250 micron net
ChemicalChemical application to eradicate viral carriers
Eradicate free water bore virus – dies in 72 hours w/o host
Treated water ready to use for culture
Biosecurity starts with Pond construction/ Prepararion
Future ?Future ? Future ?
Soil Culture ? Dike 10 degree slopeDike 90 degree Top
Big ProblemPond preparation-
Missed WSSV areas
OK
Bio-security: Culture OperationControl WSSV
Main Inlet Screen Nets
Disciplined Manager
Paddle Wheels position
Crab Fence
Bird Scare lines
Disciplined Worker
Take out
SPF Post Larvae
Open Outlet
Siphoning
Clean PWAFeeding
Drying
Holes
Car /motorcycle Dip
BSS Shrimp Farm, Sulawesi - modules
Sub Supply Canal Second level
Inlets Pond
Outlet Pond
Biosecurity Breaches(Prevent disease spreading/outbreaks)
Treatment ponds without aerators
Drying at inlet canal side
Leaking Outlet gate
No screen net
Leaking Outlet gate
Leaking Outlet gate
Leaking inlet gateLeaking inlet gate
Leaking inlet gate
Wrong screen net condom
Birds (indicator)
Crab fence -woods
Solution
Crab Fence overgrown grass
Crab fence Bottom open
Crab–Bridge, door
Crab door
Shrimp Farm – Before re-engineering ?
Main module Inlet gate - leaks
SI Canal –cannot dry
Nets – 1000 micron
Out let gates - Leaks
Sludge center pond –not removed
Crab fence – not maintained
Dead WSSV shrimps after harvest – not removed
Not used
Crabs
Out let leaks
Black sludge now removing
Bird scare lines
Fish
Nets – 1000 micron ?
Reservoir pond
Reservoir pond Reservoir pond
Reservoir pond
Nets – 1000 micronAlways wet condition
SPF and Non SPF PLs
Bio secured Module
Main Supply canal
Sub soil pipe
SPF Post Larvae
Harvest Pit
Main module inlet gate
Auto Feeder
Bird scare lines
Feed tray platform, Crab fence & outlet gate
Secured Outlet gate
Central drain system
HDPE dikes
Shrimp FarmBio-secured Module system after re-engineered design & full or dikes lined with HDPE
250 & 1,000 micron net
Dried subinlet canal
Feeding while PWA in operation
Shrimp sample red color
Kerpan – Biosecure Re-engineered design
WSSV dominant months (unstable weather – rain & cold), Indonesia, Thailand & Malaysia
Program stocking with weather condition
Pond Address :
I. Ready for operation (Siap operasi ), All Bio measures in place / ready before filling of water
1. Cek konstruksi tambak ( Reservoir tambak culture, perlengkapan peralatan budidaya )
2. Clean liness ( Rumput, benda benda yang tidak dibutuhkan untuk budidaya, sampah )
3. Cek kelistrikan ( kincir, pompa, panel, kabel )
4. Screen ( micron ) : Jumlah, kondisi, pemasangan
5. Bird Scare Line ( BSD ) : Jumlah, rumbai, posisi.
6. Crab Device ( CPD ) : Posisi, kondisi, pemasangan. Possible crab entry points.
II. Ready for stocking ( Siap tebar ), Already filled up with water, treated, age.
1. Paddle wheel number and position
2. Water level
3. Treated water
4. Length of time for water preparation.
III. In Operation
1. Cek konstruksi tambak ( Reservoir tambak culture, perlengkapan peralatan budidaya )
2. Clean liness ( Rumput, benda benda yang tidak dibutuhkan untuk budidaya, sampah )
3. Cek kelistrikan ( kincir, pompa, panel, kabel )
4. Screen ( micron ) : Jumlah, kondisi, pemasangan
5. Bird Scare Line ( BSD ) : Jumlah, rumbai, posisi.
6. Crab Device ( CPD ) : Posisi, kondisi, pemasangan. Possible crab entry points.
7. Paddle wheel number and position
8. Water level
Module
BasePond Base Extensive Plus
CHECK LIST BIOSECURITY
All factors under control
Steps to be taken when WSSV (Viral) out-break is suspected.
1. When viral out-break is suspected you need to quarantine the suspected pond. At the
same time you need to implement the following:
a. Stop all traffic – people, trucks, cars, motorcycles passing across the pond
b. Stop sampling - cast nets for shrimp size, environmental data (DO, Temp, etc).
c. Make the remaining ponds increase the carrying capacity – increase DO by operating
longer or more numbers to maximum capacity.
d. You could start with ponds near-by or ponds stocked from same hatchery.
e. For WSSV or viral – pay more attention to young ponds.
f. Check biosecurity system for biosecurity breaches- correct if necessary.
g. Do not wait for PCR result.
2. Quarantine the suspected pond. (for DOC <45)
a. Assign a person to be stationed at pond site (24 hours).
b. Fence off the pond – put signs (do not enter)
c. Make sure all inlet and discharge gates are secured – no leakages.
d. Cull the pond with chlorine – keep paddle wheel aerators running for mixing.
e. After shrimps are killed, stop the paddle wheel aerators. Do not take paddle wheels
out of the pond.
f. Leave the pond with water for at least 7 days – until the dead shrimps become red.
g. Pick up dead shrimps and burn or bury.
h. Water level will drop.
i. Leave for another few days – 2 or 3 days.
j. Now pick up red shrimps and can discharge the water. Could use chlorine again before
draining water out and use chlorinated water to clean PWAs within pond.
k. Leave the pond and paddle wheel aerators in the pond to dry for a week or so.
3. Make sure all people and equipment involved in the quarantine process to follow the
biosecurity protocol.
White feces
IMNV
WSSV
Bamboo Shrimp Syndrome -recent
WSSV
WSSV
Acknowledgements
The author would like to give sincere thank to Dr. Shahridan Faiez(CEO) and Mr. Christopher Lim (COO), Blue Archipelago for theirinterest and continued support .
The staff and members of Blue Archipelago, Malaysia for their diligenceand hard work to make this presentation possible.
THANK YOU