Signal Processing and Us

Kevin D. DonohueDatabeam Professor

Electrical and Computer Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Kentucky

Lexington, KY, USA

Engineering Raw Materials

EnergyThomas Alva EdisonCharles Proteus

Steinmetz

InformationAlexander Graham

BellNorbert WienerClaude Elwood

Shannonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert_Wiener

http://sln.fi.edu/franklin/inventor/bell.html

http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/steinmetz.html

http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Shannon.html

Signal Processing

Modeling, Extracting, and Using Information from SignalsRadar Signal ProcessingUltrasonic Non-Destructive EvaluationMedical Imaging and Signal Processing (Ultrasonic,

MRI, X-ray, SPECT)Senor system development for characterizing

animal behaviorImage and Audio Signal Compression and

ProcessingPsychometrics (modeling/measuring human

response to visual and audio stimulus)

Ultrasonic NDE

Title: Nondestructive Inspection Techniques for the 500N Fuel Tank Supports.

Description: Perform ultrasonic and thermal imaging on support contacts in a new plastic gas tank design. Correlate ultrasonic parameters with thermal imaging features, and breaking force of the imaged contact.

Ultrasonic NDE

TransducerWater for ultrasonic

propagation.

Computer Controlled

InstrumentationY-Direction

X-DirectionEVOH interface

Kiss Area

EVOH interface

A-scan path

Ultrasonic NDE

I n c h e s

Inch

es

T h i c k n e s s M a p

- 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 6 0 . 8 1 1 . 2 1 . 4

0

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

1 . 2

1 . 4

1 . 6

0 . 0 5

0 . 1

0 . 1 5

0 . 2

Ultrasonic NDE

I n c h e s

Inch

es

R i p p l e M a p

- 0 . 2 0 0 . 2 0 . 4 0 . 6 0 . 8 1 1 . 2 1 . 4

0

0 . 2

0 . 4

0 . 6

0 . 8

1

1 . 2

1 . 4

1 . 6

- 0 . 0 2

- 0 . 0 1 5

- 0 . 0 1

- 0 . 0 0 5

0

0 . 0 0 5

0 . 0 1

0 . 0 1 5

0 . 0 2

Signal (Information) Processing

Phenomenon or Event

Probe event with signal/energy Measure response/

changes

Process measurements to

extract information

Present/send information in usable formatPhysics,

Chemistry and Math

Instrumentation and Electronics Statistics,

Math, Physics,

Computer

Math, Psychophysics, Communications

Ultrasonic RF Signal

0 1 2 3

0

Microseconds

Pre

ssur

e

Imaging Pulse

0 50 100 150

0

A-scan from liver tissue

Microseconds

Pre

ssur

e

Microseconds82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100

0

A-scan section from liver tissue

Pre

ssur

e

Propagation path effects

Scatterer Response

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

m m

rf a

mpl

itude

s

Examples of RF segments in Specular Analysis windows

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

600

m m

rf a

mpl

itude

s

M H z

MH

z

5 5 . 5 6 6 . 5 7 7 . 5 85

5 . 5

6

6 . 5

7

7 . 5

8

In Situ and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Dense Stromal Fibrosis

M H z

MH

z

5 5 . 5 6 6 . 5 7 7 . 5 85

5 . 5

6

6 . 5

7

7 . 5

8

Select ROI as Largest Rectangle Inside Suspicious Mass

Classification Parameters (Interior)

Compute Regular Likelihood Statistic in Each Analysis Window

Subdivide ROI into Analysis Windows (50% overlap)

Compute Spacing and

Regular Likelihood

NotThreshold Test

Regular Compute Specular Likelihood Statistic in each Analysis Window

SpecularThreshold

Test DiffuseCompute PSD

Slope and Center

Frequency

Compute CA Slope and Specular

Likelihood

Class Support for Signal ProcessingCircuits II (EE221)

Transfer functions (describes how circuits/systems change signals from input to output)

Probability Theory (MA 321)Models for variability and uncertainty, Foundations of Statistics, Information, and Communication Theory

Signals and Systems I (EE421)Frequency domain representations, Probability models for noise, Signal interaction with systems/phenomena

Signals and Systems II (EE422)Digital Signal Processing (DSP) models, Feedback and Control Systems

Electives for Signal Processing Introduction to Communication Systems (EE 511) Digital Communication Systems (EE 512) Feedback Control Design (EE 571) Digital Control of Dynamic Systems (EE 572)

Introduction to Numerical Methods (MA 321) Matrix Algebra and Its Applications (MA 322) Methods of Applied Mathematics I (MA 432G) Introduction to Complex Variable (MA 433G)

Intro. Program Design, Abstraction, & Problem Solving (CS 215) Introduction to Software Engineering (CS 216) Algorithm Design and Analysis (CS 315)

Introduction to Engineering Statistics (STA 381) Probability (STA 524) Introductory Statistical Inference (STA 525)

Any of the computer engineering courses …

Microphone Array ProcessingUse signals received over spatially distributed microphones to identify and locate the number of speakers in a room.

Microphone Array Processing8 microphone outputs:20 milliseconds from 2 Speakers

Resulting Acoustic Image forSound Source Location

Steered Response Power Processing

Example Listings• Title: Research Engineer - Interactive Audio Technology Skills:

This position is in the Research Division of Dolby Laboratories and involves the creation of innovative audio signal processing technologies from conception to proof of concept. The position offers the possibility of working in cooperation with other technology developers and researchers, as well as the opportunity to develop and propose independent ideas for further investigation.

Dolby Laboratories is looking for a self-motivated, highly talented individual with in-depth understanding of the way the audio is designed, mixed, and/or rendered for gaming or other interactive entertainment applications. Work will be performed in a small collaborative team environment involving interaction with internal groups and external users of the target technology.

Example Listings• Requirements:

PhD or MS in electrical engineering . Proficient in digital signal processing theory.Proficient in C language programming.Proficient and experienced in the fundamentals of digital audio processing.

Expertise in a minimum of two or more of the following: - speech, audio, or video bit-rate reduction technology- psychoacoustics - C++ or Matlab programming - DSP implementation issues, such as word length issues, MIPS/memory constraints, and so on- software development team experience including software version control- technical writing and presentationsExcellent communication skills.Team-oriented work ethic.Interest or experience in music and/or high-fidelity sound.Strong interest in learning new technologies.

Example Listings• Title: Signal/Image Processing Research Engineer Skills: Research, Engineer ,

performance, analysis, systems, computer, algorithms, data analysis, Physics, Engineering , simulation, security, system, MATLAB, C

• Job Description:Assists in the design and performance analysis of radar, electro-optical, communications or biological detection systems. Implements computer simulations for predicting the performance of such systems and of advanced signal processing algorithms. Plots and analyzes simulated or measured data. Assists in data analysis, and in the preparation and presentation of technical briefings and reports.

Education:Bachelors degree in Physics, Engineering , Mathematics, or similardiscipline required. Advanced degree is preferred.

Required Skills:Requires a minimum of 1+ years relevant experience., Experience withcomputer simulation and signal or image processing. Must be a U.S.Citizen and qualified to obtain security clearance.

Desired Skills:A background in signal processing, image processing, statisticaldetection theory , or system design, will be extremely useful.Knowledge of MATLAB or C++ is also very desirable. The ability tointeract with customers and excellent writing skills.

Example Listings• Title: Signal Processing Engineer Skills: Engineer , algorithm, engineers ,

hardware, software, Engineering , Physics, MATLAB, programming

• Job Description:Signal processing engineer focused on algorithm design and support ofsubsequent algortithm implementation in the areas of communicationsand sensors. This position involves working with other signalprocessing engineers, as well as hardware and software engineers , todevelop innovative concepts and then advance these concepts throughthe technology prototype stage.

Education:BS in Electrical Engineering , Physics or other technical field.

Required Skills:2 or more years of experience in the singal processing field isrequired, may include coursework and internships. Familiarity with theMATLAB programming environment is expected. Specific experience withthe digital and analog communication techniques, adaptive filteringand estimation is desirable.

Example Listings• Title: Signal Processing Engineer Skills: Engineer , algorithms, development, applications,

acoustic, analysis, Matlab, modeling, system, security, Engineering , foundation, mathematical, software

• Job Description:Develop signal and image processing algorithms to support the development of a wide range of applications. These applications require the processing of data generated by sensors in spectrums that range from acoustic to X-Ray. The candidate will be responsible for developing techniques for object detection, imaging, pattern matching, and pattern generation. The candidate will apply principles of image processing, such as covariance analysis, Maximum likelihood estimation, Hough/Radon Transforms, and Kalman filters for tracking. the candidate will work with sensors such as sonar, radar, SAR, multi-static radar, visible and IR cameras. The candidate should also be facile with the Matlab modeling system.

•Education:Masters Degree in Engineering or related discipline is required.

Required Skills:Must have 6+ years of relevant experience. A thorough understanding ofimage and signal processing techniques. A strong foundation in themathematical underpinnings of those techniques. The candidate shouldbe familiar with the Matlab modeling system. Ability to workeffectively with a team is required.

Desired Skills:Capability to develop software in a real-time environment. A strong understanding of radar and SAR processing techniques. Ability to interact and present technical information verbally and in writing (briefings, presentations, training, etc) to internal and external customers. A PhD in Engineering and 2+ years of experience ispreferred.