WELCOME

SINGLE CELL PROTEIN PRODUCTION

Presented by…

gavle vishal ashokBED11ABT07B

B.Sc.Agri Biotech 7th sem.

SUBMITTED TO..

Prof. Pawar. S. S.

ADITYA AGRIL BIOTECH COLLEGE BEED.

Introduction :-

single cell protein is a protein extracted from cultured algae, yeasts, or bacteria and used as a substitute for protein-rich foods, especially in animal feeds or as dietary supplements.

Many types of animal feeds contain single cell proteins.

WHAT IS SINGLE CELL PROTEIN

The term “single cell protein’’ refers to the total protein extracted from the pure culture of microoganisms (e.g. yeast, algae, fillamentous fungi, bacteria.) and it can be used as protein rich food supplements by humans and animals.

It is also known as MICROBIAL PROTEIN.

60-80% dry cell weight; contains nucleic acids, fats, CHO, vitamins and minerals

HISTORY OF SCP

The term SCP was coined in 1966 by Carroll L. Wilson.

Since 2500 BC, yeasts have been used in bread and beverage production

In 1781, processes for preparing highly concentrated forms of yeast were established.

WHY SCP IS NACESSORY It is high protein content food supplement for animal

and human consumption.

It is rich in some essential amino acids like lysine, methionine.

It is also used as diatory suppliment for malnutritioned childrens.

Production of high protein rich food.

MICRO-ORGANISMS USED FOR SCP PRODUCTION

BACTERIA:- Pseudomonas spp.Lactobacillus spp.

YEASTS :- Lactobacillus bulgaricus , Bakers yeast.

FUNGI:-Trichoderma viridae,Aspergillus niger.

ALGAE:-Chlorella and Spirulina.

RAW MATERIAL USED FOR SCP PRODUCTION

A. High energy sources e.g. Akanes, methane, methanol, ethanol, gas oil.

B. Waste product e.g. molasses, whey, sweage animal manures, straw.

C. Agriculture and foresty sources e.g. cellulose, lignin.

D. Carben dioxide, the simplest carbon source.

Cultivation of Single Cell Protein

There are two types of fermentation processes which are used for production of single cell protein namely.

Submerged fermentation

Semisolid state fermentation

Submerged fermentation In the submerged process, the substrate used for

fermentation is always in liquid state which contains the nutrients needed for growth.

The fermentor which contains the substrate is operated continuously and the product biomass is continuously harvested from the fermenter by using different techniques then the product is filtered or centrifuged and then dried.

Semisolid fermentation In semisolid fermentation, the preparation of the substrate is

not as cleared.

it is also more used in solid state e.g. cassava waste.

Submerged culture fermentations require more capital investment and have high operating cost.

The cultivation involves many operations which include stirring and mixing of a multiphase system, transport of oxygen from the gas bubbles through the liquid phase to the microorganisms and the process of heat transfer from liquid phase to the surroundings.

A special bioreactor is designed for intensifying mass and energy transportation phenomena, called U-loop fermenter.

PRODUCTION OF SCP FROM

METHANOL

The methanol is a good substrate for producing of single cell protein.

The methanol is easily soluble in aqueous phase at all concentation.

The main sources of methanol are natural gas, coal, oil & methane.

Many species of bacteria (methylobactor, arthrobactor bacillus,pseudomonas.)yeasts (Candida biodinii)and Fungi (Trichoderma lignorum) are capable of producing single cell protein from methanol.

Conti….

Oxidation of methanol:- methanol gets oxidized to

formaldehyde, then to formic acid and finally to CO2.

The product obtained from methanol have to from C3 compound for final production of single cell protein.

CO2 formed form methanol can be utilized by photosynthetic organism for the formation of ribulose diphosphate.

Alternatively , formaldehyde may condence with ribulose 5-phosphate to form 3 keto 6- phosphohexulose which then gives fructose 6 phosphate and finally pyruvate.

CH3OH METHANOL

HCHO FORMALDEHYDE

HCOOHFORMIC ACID

CO2

METHANOL DEHYDROGENASE

FERMALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASENAD+Glutathione

NAD+ FORMATE DEHYDROGENASE

Fig. Oxidation of Methanol

GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR IMPROVED SCP FROM

METHANOL The efficiency of scp production has been improved

by using genetic engineering.

The assimilation of amonia by M. methylotrophus is an essential step for cellular growth.

This organisms lacks glutamate dehydrogenase.

This is energy dependent reaction.

By employing R-DNA technology the gene for the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase from E-coli was cloned & expressed in M. methylotrophus .

Nutritional Benefits of Single Cell Protein

Single Cell Protein is basically composed of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, ash ingredients, water and other elements such as potassium and phosphorus .

Single Cell Protein from yeast and fungi has up to 50-55% protein it has high protein-carbohydrate ratio than forges

It contains more lysine less amount of methionine and cysteine.

It also has good balance of amino acids and it has high B-complex vitamins and more suitable as poultry feed

ADVENTAGES OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN

Micro organisms in general have a high rate of multiplication.

Microbes have a high protein content.

They can utilize a large number of different carbon sources.

DISADVENTAGES OF SINGLE CELL PROTEIN

High nucleic acid content of many microorganisms that could be result in kidney stone formation or gout.

poor digestiblitly , gastrointestinal problems and skin reaction.