Simple Machines

Group HH

InclinesInclines

By: DJ DinnisonBy: DJ Dinnison

What Is an Incline?What Is an Incline?

An inclined plane is a simple machine.  An inclined plane is a simple machine.  It is a flat surface that is higher on one It is a flat surface that is higher on one end.  end. 

You can use this machine to move an You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place.  object to a lower or higher place. 

Inclined planes make the work of Inclined planes make the work of moving things easier.  moving things easier. 

You would need less energy and force You would need less energy and force to move objects with an inclined plane. to move objects with an inclined plane.

Compound Machine #1Compound Machine #1

1.) Wheel barrow – 1.) Wheel barrow –

The bucket in the wheelbarrow is the The bucket in the wheelbarrow is the inclined plane.inclined plane.

The wheel is the wheel and axel.The wheel is the wheel and axel. The handle is used as the lever to The handle is used as the lever to

move the wheel barrow. move the wheel barrow.

Compound Machine #2Compound Machine #2

Rollercoaster- A rollercoaster has 3 Rollercoaster- A rollercoaster has 3 simple machines.simple machines.

A rollercoaster inclines up hills to gain A rollercoaster inclines up hills to gain speed.speed.

A pulley is used for it to incline up the A pulley is used for it to incline up the hill.hill.

Wheel and axel is used for the cars to Wheel and axel is used for the cars to ride on the tracks.ride on the tracks.

Compound Machine #3Compound Machine #3

Ramp- A ramp has two simple Ramp- A ramp has two simple machines an inclined plane and a machines an inclined plane and a screw.screw.

The inclined plane is the most The inclined plane is the most important for a ramp.important for a ramp.

A screw is also used in a ramp to keep A screw is also used in a ramp to keep the ramp intact. the ramp intact.

Mechanical AdvantagesMechanical Advantages

MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE OF THE MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE OF THE INCLINED PLANEINCLINED PLANE

If an object is put on an inclined plane it If an object is put on an inclined plane it will move if the force of friction is smaller will move if the force of friction is smaller than the combined force of gravity and than the combined force of gravity and normal force. If the angle of the inclined normal force. If the angle of the inclined plane is 90 degrees (rectangle) the object plane is 90 degrees (rectangle) the object will free fall.will free fall.

BibliographyBibliography 1.)http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/1.)http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/

simple_machines/inclined_plane.htmsimple_machines/inclined_plane.htm I used this site, to find my mechanical advantage I used this site, to find my mechanical advantage

for my inclined plane. for my inclined plane. 2.)http://www.edheads.org/activities/2.)http://www.edheads.org/activities/

odd_machine/odd_machine/I used this site to find compound machines that I used this site to find compound machines that

included simple machines. included simple machines. 3.)http://www.coe.uh.edu/archive/science/3.)http://www.coe.uh.edu/archive/science/

science_lessons/scienceles1/finalhome.htm science_lessons/scienceles1/finalhome.htm I used this site to find information on my simple I used this site to find information on my simple

machine and figure out its use and function. machine and figure out its use and function.

WedgesBy: Anthony Appelt

What is a wedge? A wedge is a moveable incline plane. Wedges are used as holding or separating

devices. A wedge is composed of one or two

inclined planes.

Some examples of a wedge Chisels

Axe

Floor nails

How is it used? It changes the magnitude or direction of the

force. The mechanical advantage of a wedge can

be found by dividing the length of either slope (S) by the thickness (T) of the big end.

It changes the force by having a more acute angle of a wedge.

Mechanical advantage

Example:

assume that the length of the slope is 10 inches and the thickness is 4 inches. The mechanical advantage is equal to 10/4 or 2 1/2.

MA = L / W

Compound Machine #1

Snowblower- uses levers, pulleys, screw, wedge, incline plane, wheel and axel.

It uses the wedge as the blades inside.

Compound Machine #2

Shovel – it uses a wedge and lever

The shovel wedges itself in the ground and you push on the lever to push dirt up.

Compound machine #3

Scissors- wedge and a lever

The scissors wedge the item their trying to cut.

Bibliography http://www.mikids.com/Smachines.htm http://science.jrank.org/pages/4060/Machines-

Simple.html http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/

simpmach.htm www.teachengineering.org www.utm.edu/departments/ed/cece/seventh/

Ph751a1.htm - 19k

BARACKTO YOU BY:

LEVERS!!LEVERS!!By Jarred BinnerBy Jarred Binner

Types of LeversTypes of Levers

A A leverlever is a rigid object that is used is a rigid object that is used with a pivot point to multiply the with a pivot point to multiply the mechanical force that can be applied mechanical force that can be applied to another object. This to another object. This leverageleverage is is also termed mechanical advantage, also termed mechanical advantage, and is one example of the principle and is one example of the principle of moments. of moments.

• • Levers can be used to exert a large Levers can be used to exert a large

force over a small distance at one force over a small distance at one end by exerting only a small force end by exerting only a small force over a greater distance at theover a greater distance at the

Principle of LeversPrinciple of Levers

• The principle of The principle of leverageleverage can be used from Newton's laws can be used from Newton's laws of motion. It is important to know that the amount of work of motion. It is important to know that the amount of work done is( force x distance). To make a lever lift a certain done is( force x distance). To make a lever lift a certain amount of weight with a force of half a unit, the distance amount of weight with a force of half a unit, the distance from the pivot point to the spot where force is applied must from the pivot point to the spot where force is applied must be twice the distance between the weight and the pivot. be twice the distance between the weight and the pivot. For example, to cut the force in half, you are required to lift For example, to cut the force in half, you are required to lift a weight resting 1 meter from the pivot, we would need to a weight resting 1 meter from the pivot, we would need to apply force 2 meters from the other side of the pivot. The apply force 2 meters from the other side of the pivot. The amount of work done is always the same as the dimensions amount of work done is always the same as the dimensions of the lever. The lever only lets force be the same as of the lever. The lever only lets force be the same as distancedistance

• The point where you apply the force is called the effort. The The point where you apply the force is called the effort. The effect of applying this force is called the load. The load arm effect of applying this force is called the load. The load arm and the effort arm are the names given to the distances and the effort arm are the names given to the distances from the pivot point to the load and effort.from the pivot point to the load and effort.

WheelBarrelWheelBarrel

Uses wheel and axle, lever, and a Uses wheel and axle, lever, and a inclined slope.inclined slope.

Chipping Knife

Miter SawMiter Saw

Uses a lever, a gear, and a pulleyUses a lever, a gear, and a pulley

BibliographyBibliography

www.wikipedia.comwww.wikipedia.comwww.edheads.comwww.edheads.comwww.enchantedlearning.comwww.enchantedlearning.comLibrary.thinkquest.orgLibrary.thinkquest.orgwww.grc.nasa.govwww.grc.nasa.gov

ScrewBY Dustin Bowen

screw

• is a shaft with a helical groove or, thread formed on its surface and provision at one end to turn the screw. Its used as a threaded fastener to hold an object together, and as a simple machine it is used for translate torque into linear force. It can also be defined as an inclined plane wrapped around a shaft.

• Lead screws and ball screw are specialized screws for translating rotational to linear motion.

• Automated garage doors, where a motor drives a long finely threaded shaft at relatively high speed and lifts the heavy door at a slower rate.

• Archimedes' screw and worm gears are examples of this machine.

Compound machine #1

• Corkscrew is a Compound machine because it use a screw and a lever

Compound machine #2

   snow blower use a screw, wheel, pulley, wedge and a lever

Compound machine #3

• Pencil sharpener use a wedge a wheel and a lever

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw -wikipedia got info about what a screw is and who it is a simple machine

• http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/screwdriver.htm about .com and learned about different kinds of screw and their history

• http://www.edheads.org/activities/simple-machines/ - basic information and pictures

• http://images.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi –pictures • http://www.beth.k12.pa.us/schools/wwwclass/mcosgrove/simple.htm

- basic information on simple machine and compound

• A wheel & Axle is a simple machine, in which a larger wheel is attached around a smaller wheel, which will be the axle.

• The outside which is a wheel, rotates around a smaller center point or fulcrum, axle.

• Examples of Wheel & Axle are Ferris Wheels, bikes, and gears, etc.

http://www.wagonwishes.com/images/wagons/basic-classic-wagon.jpg

1. Two key ways to use a wheel and axle:a. The first is by covering a

rope around a supported wheel with a lever sticking out. An object can be tied to the other end. When the lever is turned, the rope either moves the object near or away from you.

b. The second is by putting two wheels at the end of an axle. The wheels will then give motion by rolling.

The wheel & axle can be used as a tool to increase the force one applies, or to increase the distance traveled.

Here is how this works:

One applies a force on the wheel, whose diameter D is larger than the axle.The force is transmitted to the axle, which has diameter d.This resultant force, that is greater than the force one applied, does some work for that person.

The force that does the work is Greater by an aspect of D/d.

•A wheel and axle can be used to lift heavy objects like a bucket of water. A somewhat small force applied to the large wheel can lift a weight hanging from the small axle. Thus the wheel and axle act like a first class lever with the fulcrum between the applied force and the load.

•For the wheel and axle, this is equal to the proportion of the radii (R/r).

•For instance, if the radius of a crank is 10 times the radius of an axle, the mechanical gain is 10, and an object can be lifted which is 10 times as heavy as the applied force.

1.Wheel and Axle

2.Lever

3.Inclined Plane

1.Wheel and Axle

2.Pulley

1.Wheel & Axle

2.Screw

1. http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/careers/engquest-2008/students-lower-sm.cfm

a. Diagrams of examples, background information

2. http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0210120/wheel%20and%20axle.html

a. The Wacky Wheel & Axle: How to work the simple machine

3. http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/wheel/andaxle.html

a. The Wheel and Axle: Mechanical advantages, equations, and animations

4. http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/curr/science/sciber00/8th/machines/sciber/machine7.htm

a. Basic information, and pictures

5. http://www.mikids.com/SMachinesWheels.htm

a. Mikids.com : Examples of wheels and axles

* Used All The Above Sites

Pulleys By Chris Sakmar

A pulley is a simple machine that consist of a grooved wheel that turns freely in a block.

A rope, cable, or a belt are what run through the grooved wheel.

There are two different types of pulley systems. Fixed pulley doesn’t lessen the weight it changes the direction of the

force Moveable pulley provides a mechanical advantage, but doesn’t change

the direction.

Mechanical Advantage

A fixed pulley has no mechanical advantage, but it does change the direction force needs to be applied.

A moveable pulley creates a mechanical advantage but doesn’t change the direction of force.

Moveable pulley

A flag pole is a good example of a fixed pulley, because the block never move and the pulley doesn’t give a mechanical advantage, but it does change the direction of the force.

Compound Machine

This compound machine is made up of three fixed and two moveable If you take the

weight divided by the number of ropes minus one. W / (R-1)= F

Compound Machine Con’t

A crane is a compound machine that consist of a pulley and wheel and axle.

Compound Machine Con’t

Garage door is another example of a compound machine. It uses a pulley to open the door, and it uses wheels and axles to keep it on its tracks.

Bibliography

www.wikipedia.com www.miniscience.com www.uark.edu www.dynamicscience.com www.edinformatics.com