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Simplified Type 4 wind turbine modeling for future ancillary services

Hansen, Anca Daniela; Margaris, Ioannis; Tamowski, German C.; Iov, Florin

Publication date:2013

Link back to DTU Orbit

Citation (APA):Hansen, A. D., Margaris, I., Tamowski, G. C., & Iov, F. (2013). Simplified Type 4 wind turbine modeling for futureancillary services. Poster session presented at European Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition 2013, Vienna,Austria.

Need for simple generic wind turbine models: account for dynamic features of interest to primary frequency control studies have great relevance for integrating new frequency control functionalities corresponding to new possible ancillary services for future wind turbines:

Inertial response Synchronizing power Power system damping

This paper presents a simplified generic model for a variable speed wind turbine with full scale power converter, able to reflect wind turbines dynamic features relevant for frequency control capability studies. The proposed model follows the basic structure of the Type 4 standard wind turbine model proposed by the IEC Committee in IEC 61400-27-1. Furthermore, it includes several adjustments and extensions of the standard model, in order to represent the capability of wind turbines to provide active power services during events in the power system that affect frequency. The general configuration of the simplified Type 4 wind turbine model able to account for dynamic frequency control features is described, while its performance is assessed and discussed by means of simulations.

Abstract

Simulation results

Objectives

Adjusted Type4B wind turbine configuration

EWEA 2013, Vienna, Austria: Europe’s Premier Wind Energy Event

900.0720.0540.0360.0180.00.000 [s]

1.013

1.008

1.003

0.998

0.993

0.988

2mass mechanical Model: omega_rot_pu2mass mechanical Model: omega_gen_pu

900.0720.0540.0360.0180.00.000 [s]

17.00

14.40

11.80

9.200

6.600

4.000

Blade angle control Model: pitch

900.0720.0540.0360.0180.00.000 [s]

1.25

1.00

0.75

0.50

0.25

0.00

Cub_2\PQ Meas. MV2_PoC: Active Power in p.u.Selection Model: yPref_wtbase

900.0720.0540.0360.0180.00.000 [s]

1.00

0.80

0.60

0.40

0.20

0.00

2mass mechanical Model: Shaft Torque [pu]

DIg

SILE

NT

4 3 2 . 04 2 6 . 84 2 1 . 61 6 . 5 i c a l M o d e l : o m e g a _ r o t_ p u i c a l M o d e l : o m e g a _ g e n _ p u

4 3 2 . 04 2 6 . 84 2 1 . 61 6 . 5 n t r o l M o d e l : p i t c h

4 3 2 . 04 2 6 . 84 2 1 . 61 6 . 5 a s . M V 2 _ P o C : A c t iv e P o w e r in p .u .

l : y P r e f _ w tb a s e

4 3 2 . 04 2 6 . 84 2 1 . 61 6 . 5 i c a l M o d e l : S h a f t T o r q u e [p u ]

Zooms

4 9 4 . 14 8 5 . 64 7 7 . 1 M o d e l : o m e g a _ r o t _ p u M o d e l : o m e g a _ g e n _ p u

4 9 4 . 14 8 5 . 64 7 7 . 1 M o d e l : p i t c h

4 9 4 . 14 8 5 . 64 7 7 . 1 M V 2 _ P o C : A c t i v e P o w e r i n p . u .

P r e f _ w t b a s e

4 9 4 . 14 8 5 . 64 7 7 . 1 M o d e l : S h a f t T o r q u e [ p u ]

Pitch angle [deg]

Omega_rot [pu]Omega_gen[pu]

Shaft Torque [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

17.00

11.80

6.60

1.013

1.000

0.988

1.00

0.50

0.00

1.25

0.50

0.00

900

900720

720

720

720

900

900

360

360

360

360

0

0

0

0

Pitch angle [deg] Pitch angle [deg] 494480

494480

494480

494480

432426

432426

432426

432426

Omega_rot [pu]Omega_gen[pu]

Omega_rot [pu]Omega_gen[pu]

480

Shaft Torque [pu] ShaftTorque [pu] 480

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

IEC standard wind turbines models (IEC 61400-27-1): suitable for fundamental frequency positive sequence response simulations during short term events not intended for studies with wind speed variability not intended for studies of wind turbines’ capability to provide ancillary services like inertia control, where information on the available power is primordial

Pitchcontroller

(filter, PI,gain scheduling,)

Aerodynamic Mechanicalmodel

Staticgenerator

Wind speed

Availablepower

ωrot

P, Qmeas.

P control

Q control

Pmeas

Pref

Qref

Qmeas

ɵ

Pavail

iP_cmd

iQ_cmd

ωrot_filt

v

v

v

Filter(3p)

ωgen_filt

MPPTtabel

Selectionmode

Popt

Pset

Overproduction

Pmeas

Pmeas

Paero

Wind farm controller

Wind farmcontroller

LVRT

PO.ID 308

Model configuration: follows the basic structure of the IEC standard Type 4B wind turbine model includes additional adjustments and features in order to represent the power support capability of modern wind turbines, similar to conventional power plants. includes sufficiently detailed representation of the turbine’s relevant components and control algorithms, allowing implementation of new control functionalities

Model’s target: to reflect correctly the dynamic behavior of wind power output caused by i.e.:

wind speed fluctuations changes in active power setpoints of wind turbines

Wind turbine’s response during temporary overproduction steps in active power setpoint 13m/s wind speed

90.0073.0056.0039.0022.005.000 [s]

0.9575

0.9550

0.9525

0.9500

0.9475

0.9450

2mass mechanical Model: omega_rot_pu2mass mechanical Model: omega_gen_pu

90.0073.0056.0039.0022.005.000 [s]

0.30

0.20

0.10

0.00

-0.10

-0.20

Blade angle control Model: pitch

90.0073.0056.0039.0022.005.000 [s]

0.46

0.44

0.42

0.40

0.38

0.36

Cub_2\PQ Meas. MV2_PoC: Active Power in p.u.Selection Model: yPref_wtbase

90.0073.0056.0039.0022.005.000 [s]

0.50

0.47

0.44

0.41

0.38

0.35

2mass mechanical Model: Shaft Torque

5% overproduction

300.0241.0182.0123.064.005.000 [s]

1.03

1.01

0.99

0.97

0.95

0.93

2mass mechanical Model: omega_rot_pu2mass mechanical Model: omega_gen_pu

300.0241.0182.0123.064.005.000 [s]

1.60

1.20

0.80

0.40

0.00

-0.40

Blade angle control Model: pitch

300.0241.0182.0123.064.005.000 [s]

0.46

0.44

0.42

0.40

0.38

0.36

Cub_2\PQ Meas. MV2_PoC: Active Power in p.u.Selection Model: yPref_wtbase

300.0241.0182.0123.064.005.000 [s]

0.59

0.54

0.49

0.44

0.39

0.34

2mass mechanical Model: Shaft Torque

DIg

SILE

NT

Longer simulation time

Pitch angle [deg]

Omega_rot [pu]Omega_gen[pu]

ShaftTorque [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

10% overproduction20% overproduction

Pitch angle [deg]

Omega_rot [pu]Omega_gen[pu]

ShaftTorque [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

75.0060.0045.0030.0015.000.000 [s]

1.03

1.02

1.01

1.00

0.99

0.98

2mass mechanical Model: omega_gen_pu

75.0060.0045.0030.0015.000.000 [s]

10.00

8.00

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00

Blade angle control Model: pitch

75.0060.0045.0030.0015.000.000 [s]

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90

0.80

Cub_2\PQ Meas. MV2_PoC: Active Power in p.u.Selection Model: yPref_wtbase

75.0060.0045.0030.0015.000.000 [s]

1.40

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.00

0.90

2mass mechanical Model: Shaft Torque

DIg

SILE

NT

44.9441.3537.7634.1830.5927.00 [s]

1.007

1.004

1.001

0.998

0.995

0.992

2mass mechanical Model: omega_gen_pu

44.9441.3537.7634.1730.5927.00 [s]

7.00

6.50

6.00

5.50

5.00

4.50

Blade angle control Model: pitch

44.9441.3537.7634.1830.5927.00 [s]

1.115

1.090

1.065

1.040

1.015

0.990

Cub_2\PQ Meas. MV2_PoC: Active Power in p.u.Selection Model: yPref_wtbase

44.9441.3537.7634.1830.5927.00 [s]

1.16

1.12

1.08

1.04

1.00

0.96

2mass mechanical Model: Shaft Torque

DIg

SILE

NT

5% overproduction10% overproduction 20% overproduction

Pitch angle [deg]

Omega_gen[pu]

Zoom

Pitch angle [deg]

Omega_gen[pu]

ShaftTorque [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

ShaftTorque [pu]

Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]Active Power in PoC [pu]Active power setpoint in PoC [pu]

13m/s wind speed 5%, 10% and 20% during 2 sec

8m/s wind speed 5%, 10% and 20% during 2 sec

The higher the overproduction: the deeper the drop in the pitch angle the deeper the drop in the gen. speed the higher the shaft torque

active power follows its setpoints reduction of the active power implies an increased pitch angle dynamics of the generator also reflected in the shaft torque

gen. speed decreases during overproduction gen. speed increases when overproduction is stopped gen. speed increases until it reaches its nom. value and the pitch controller is activated

Simplified Type 4 wind turbine modeling for future ancillary services

Anca D. Hansen1, Ioannis D. Margaris1, Germán C. Tarnowski2, Florin Iov3 1 Technical University of Denmark, 2 Vestas Wind Power A/S, 3 Aalborg University, Department of Energy Technology

Power support capability of the wind turbine